
<lt«TM*t<.tlt J 



MANUAL 



OF 



AMERICAN HISTORY, DIPLOMACY, 
AND GOVERNMENT 



MANUAL 



OF 



AMERICAN HISTORY, DIPLOMACY, 
AND GOVERNMENT 



for Claes IDlse 



BY 

ALBERT BUSHNELL HART 

PROFESSOR OF AMERICAN HISTORY AT HARVARD UNIVERSITY 




CAMBRIDGE 

lpublisbe& b^ 1barvar^ xantversitp 

1908 



3"- 15"3^S 



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!Wd Copies rtb«;t!i-... 

i\flAY 6 1908 



COPYRIGHT, 1908 
BY HARVARD UNIVERSITY 



PREFACE 



^ I ^HIS book is the result of twenty-five years' experience 
as a teacher of American History at Harvard Uni- 
versity; and embodies methods and materials for several 
forms of individual student work, as required in courses in 
American history, diplomacy, and government in that in- 
stitution. The book is founded on several previous publi- 
cations of a similar kind, issued by the author under the 
titles "Outlines," "Suggestions for Students," "Revised 
Suggestions," and "Hand-Book"; but the material has been 
carefully worked over for the present volume, especially in 
view of a change in the narrative course in United States 
history, by which it includes the forty years since the Civil 
War. The references for the group readings, lectures, and 
class-room papers have been revised and enlarged by in- 
cluding the numerous books that have appeared during the 
last six years; and they have been verified by Mr. J. M. 
Plaisted, 2d, for several years assistant in the Harvard 
course in United States history, and by Mr. Thomas N. 
Hoover of the Harvard Graduate School. 

Although adapted to be a guide and aid in some specific 
courses conducted by the author in Harvard University, it 
is hoped that the arrangement of the volume will make it 



vi PREFACE 

serviceable to other teachers and students of history. In 
addition to three detailed courses in history, diplomacy, and 
government which would extend over an entire college year 
the book contains three lists of thirty lectures, each adapted 
for summer schools or University extension; and while a 
lecturer would naturally change the proportions of the 
courses, leaving out some subjects and introducing others, 
the parallel and lecture readings will fit a variety of subjects, 
and may save the instructor from tedious use of the black- 
board. The three sets of "Class-Room Papers" are not 
intended to cover the whole area in any subject; they are 
examples of specific inquiries which illustrate important 
subjects in one or another field; which are intended to give 
the student training in independent and sound thinking 
upon some of the vital topics which must be included in 
any systematic course. 

Printing the bibliographical apparatus saves the time 
both of teacher and students, and much of that material is 
available for the reader, investigator, debater, or thesis 
writer; but all of the apparatus and lists of authorities and 
materials for lectures, all the suggestions for reading, for 
written work, and examination, can only set the student 
on the road; how far and how safely and how swifdy he 
goes, must depend upon his own abilities and resolution. 



Albert Bushnell Hart. 



Cambridge, 
March 18, 1908. 



CONTENTS 



PART I. METHODS AND MATERIALS 

PAGE 

§ 1. The three Fields — American History, Diplomacy, and Government . 1 

§ 2. Differentiation of the Six Courses 2 

§ 3. Students' Work in each of the Courses 3 

§ 4. Lecture Notes 4 

§ 5. Use of Text-books 5 

§ 6. Parallel Readings 5 

§ 7. Class-room Written Work 7 

§ 8. Library Written Work 9 

§ 9. Examinations 10 

§ 10. How to use Books 12 

§ 11. Use of Bibliographical Aids 12 

§ 12. Use of Secondary Materials 14 

§ 13. Use of Sources 15 

§ 14. Collections of Books 15 

§15. Students' Handbooks in United States History (Course A) 16 

§ 16. Students' Handbooks in Brief United States History (Course B) 17 

§ 17. Special CoUection in United States History (Courses A and B) . 18 

§ 18. Collections of Historical Sources (Courses A and B) 25 

§ 19. Students' Handbooks in Diplomatic History (Course C) 33 

§ 20. Students' Handbooks in Brief Diplomatic History (Course D) . 34 

§ 21 . Special Collection in American Diplomacy (Courses C and D) 35 

§ 22. Students' Handbooks in American Government (Course E) . . . . 36 

§ 23. Students' Handbooks in Brief American Government (Course F) 37 

§ 24. Special Collection in Government (Courses E and F) 38 

PART II. LECTURES AND READINGS 

§ 25. Cliaracter of the Lectures 40 

§ 26. Historical Geography 40 

§ 27. Personality 41 

§ 28. (1789-1907) Ninety Lectures on Constitutional and Political History 

of the United States (Course A) 43 

§ 29. (1607-1789) Readings on Elements of United States History 44 
§ 30. (1607-1789) Lectures on Elements of United States History. 

(Lects. 1-7) 44 



viii CONTENTS 

PAGE 

§31. (1789-1793) Readings on Organization of the Government ... 47 
§ 32. (1789-1793) Lectures on Organization of tlie Government. 

(Lects. 8-16) 48 

§33. (1793-1801) Readings on Federalist Supremacy 52 

§ 34. (1793-1801) Lectures on Federalist Supremacy. (Lects. 

17-20) 52 

§ 35. (1801-1815) Readings on Foreign Complications 54 

§ 36. (1801-1815) Lectures on Foreign Complications. (Lects. 

21-26) 55 

§ 37. (181-5-1829) Readings on Growth of National Sentiment ... 58 
§ 38. (1815-1829) Lectures on Growth of National Sentiment. 

(Lects. 27-36) 59 

§ 39. (1829-1837) Readings on Democratization of the National 

Government 63 

§ 40. (1829-1837) Lectures on Democratization of tiie National 

Government. (Lects. 37-45) 64 

§ 41. (1829-1842) Readings on Elements of the Slavery Question 68 
§ 42. (1829-1842) Lectures on Elements of the Slavery Question. 

(Lects. 46-50) 68 

§ 43. (1841-1850) Readings on Territory and Slavery 70 

§ 44. (1841-1850) Lectures on Territory and Slavery. (Lects. 

51-56) 71 

§45. (1850-1860) Readings on the Lssue Joined 74 

§46. (1850-1860) Lectures on the Issue Joined. (Lects. 57-63) . 74 

§47. (1860-1861) Readings on Coming on of the Civil War .... 77 
§ 48. (1860-1861) Lectures on Coming on of the Civil War. 

(Lects. 64-70) 78 

§ 40. (1861-1865) Readings on the Civil War 82 

§50. (1861-1865) Lectures on the Civil War. (Lects. 71-78) . . 82 
§ 51. (1865-1884) Readings on Reconstruction and Reorganization 86 
§ 52. (1865-1884) Lectures on Reconstruction and Reorganiza- 
tion. (Lects. 79-83) 86 

§53. (1885-1907) Readings on American Empire 89 

§ 54. (1885-1907) Lectures on American Empire. (Lects. 84-90) 89 
§ 55. (1775-1903) Thirty Lectures on the History of the United States. 

(Course B) 93 

§ 56. (177.5-1789) Readings on Process of Union 93 

§ 57. (1775-1789) Lectures on Proce.ss of Union. (Lects. 1-8) . 93 

§58. (1789-1829) Readings on Strengthening of the Union 97 

§ 59. (1789-1829) Lectures on Strengthening of tlie Union. 

(Lects. 9-15) 97 

5 60. (1829-1865) Readings on Danger to the Union 101 



CONTENTS vs. 

PAGE 

§ 61. (1829-1865) Lectures on Danger to the Union. (Lects. 

16-22) 101 

§ 62. (1865-1903) Readings on National Readjustment 104 

§ 63. (1865-1903) Lectures on National Readjust rtient. (Lects. 

23-30) 104 

§ 64. Ninety Lectures in American Diplomacy (Course C) 108 

§ 65. (1492-1607) Readings on European Claims to America .... 109 
§ 66. (1492-1607) Lectures on European Claims to America. 

(Lects. 1-5) 109 

§ 67. (1607-1689) Readings on Rival Colonial Systems Ill 

§ 68. (1607-1689) Lectures on Rival Colonial Systems. (Lects. 

6-9) Ill 

§ 69. (1689-1775) Readings on Struggle for Supremacy in America . 113 
§ 70. (1689-1775) Lectures on Struggle for Supremacy in Amer- 
ica. (Lects. 10-15) 113 

§ 71. (1775-1788) Readings on Diplomacy of the Revolution and 

Confefleration 116 

§ 72. (1775-1788) Lectures on Diplomacy of the Revolution and 

Confederation. (Lects. 16-25) 117 

§ 73. (1789-1815) Readings on Complications of the Napoleonic Wars 121 
§ 74. (1789-1815) Lectures on Complications of the Napoleonic 

Wars. (Lects. 26-41) 121 

§ 75. (1815-1829) Readings on Commerce and Boundaries ..... 128 
§76. (1815-1829) Lectures on Commerce and Boundaries. (Lects. 

42-45) 128 

§ 77. (1815-1829) Readings on Latin-American Diplomacy and the 

Monroe Doctrine 130 

§ 78. (1815-1829) Lectures on Latin-.A.merican Diplomacy and the 

Monroe Doctrine. (Lects. 46-50) 131 

§79. (1829-1861) Readings on Aggressive Foreign Policy 133 

§ 80. (1829-1861) Lectures on Aggressive Foreign Policy. 

(Lects. 51-65) 134 

§81. (1861-1865) Readings on Diplomacy of the Civil War .... 140 
§ 82. (1861-1865) Lectures on Diplomacy of the Civil War. 

(Lects. 68-71) 140 

§ 83. (1865-1890) Readings on Period of Peaceful Influence .... 143 
§ 84. (1865-1890) Lectures on Period of Peaceful Influence. 

(Lects. 72-79) 143 

§ 85. (1890-1907) Readings on United States as a World Power . . 147 
§ 86. (1890-1907) Lectures on United States as a World Power. 

(Lects. 80-90) 148 

§ 87. (1775-1907) Thirty Lectures on American Diplomacy (Course D). . 152 



t CONTENTS 

PAGE 

§ 88. (1775-1815) Readings on Basis of American Diplomacy .... 153 
§ 89. (1775-1815) Lectures on Basis of American Diplomacy. 

(Lects. 1-6) 153 

§ 90. (1815-1842) Readings on Neutrality and Territorial Diplomacy 156 
§ 91. (1815-1842) Lectures on Neutrality and Territorial Diplo- 
macy. (Lects. 7-14) 156 

§ 92. (1843-1865) Readings on Diplomacy of Expansion and the 

Civil War 160 

§ 93. (1843-1865) Lectures on Diplomacy of Expan.sion and the 

Civil War. (Lects. 15-23) 160 

§ 94. (1866-1907) Readings on America as a World Power 164 

§ 95. (1866-1907) Lectures on America as a World Power. (Lects. 

24-30) 164 

96. Ninety Lectures on American Government (Course E) 168 

§ 97. Readings on the Fundamentals of American Government . . . 168 
§ 98. Lectures on the Fundamentals of American Government. 

(Lects. 1-7) 169 

§99. Readings on Membership in the Community: Privileges and 

Obligations 172 

§ 100. Lectures on Membership in the Community: Privileges and 

Obligations. (Lects. 8-14) 173 

§101. Readings on Written Constitutions ' 176 

§ 102. Lectures on Written Constitutions. (Lects. 15-18) . . . 175 

§ 103. Readings on Machinery of Popular Government 178 

§ 104. Lectures on Machinery of Popular Government. (Lects. 

19-24) 179 

§ 105. Readings on the Government of the Commonwealths .... 181 
§ 106. Lectures on the Government of the Commonwealths. 

(Lects. 25-30) 182 

§ 107. Readings on Local and Municipal Government 184 

§ 108. Lectures on Local and Municipal Government. (Lects. 

31-40) 185 

§ 109. Readings on the National Executive 189 

§ 110. Lectures on the National E.xecutive. (Lects. 41-45) . . IS9 

§ 111. Readings on Congress 191 

§112. Lectures on Congress. (Lects. 46-53) 192 

§113. Readings on the National Judiciary 191 

§114. Lectures on the National Judiciary. (Lects. 54-57) . . . 195 

§115. Readings on Territorial Functions in the United States. . . . 196 

§ 116. Lectures on Territorial Functions. (Lects. 58-62) . . . 197 

§ 117. Readings on Financial Functions 199 

§118. Lectures on Financial Functions. (Lects. 63-68) , . . . 200 



CONTENTS xi 

PAGE 

§ 119. Readings on Commercial Functions 202 

§ 120. Lectures on Commercial Functions. (Lects. 69-78) . . 203 

§ 121. Readings on Foreign and Military Functions 208 

§ 122. Lectures on Foreign and Military Functions. (Lects. 

79-85) 208 

§ 123. Readings on General Welfare and Police Powers. ...... 211 

§ 124. Lectures on General Welfare and Police Powers. (Lects. 

86-90) 211 

§ 125. Thirty Lectures on American Government (Course F) 213 

§ 126. Readings on Political Ideals and Organizations 213 

§ 127. Lectures on Political Ideals and Organizations. (Lects. 

1-8) 214 

§ 128. Readings on State, Local, and Municipal Government .... 216 
§ 129. Lectures on State, Local, and Municipal Government. 

(Lects. 9-i:^y 217 

§ 130. Readings on the Federal Government 218 

§ 131. Lectures on the Federal Government. (Lects. 13-18) . . 219 

§ 132. Readings on the Functions of Government 221 

§ 133. Lectures on the Functions of Government. (Lects. 19-30) 221 

PART III. CLASS-ROOM PAPERS 

§ 134. Thirty Class-room Papers in United States History (Course A) . . 226 

§135. No. 1. Use of Constitutional Authorities 226 

§ 136. No. 2. Theories of the Ba.sis of the Federal Constitution ... 227 

§ 137. No. 3. Doctrine of Separation of Powers 229 

§ 138. No. 4. Implied Powers and the General Welfare 232 

§ 139. No. 5. Development of Parties 1 235 

§140. No. 6. Maintenance of Public Order 235 

§ 141. No. 7. Doctrine of Interposition 238 

§ 142. No. 8. Jeffersonian Democracy 239 

§ 143. No. 9. Internal Improvements 241 

§ 144. No. 10. Impairment of Contracts 243 

§ 145. No. 11. Application of the Monroe Doctrine 246 

§146. No. 12. State Authority over Local and Municipal Governments 248 

§ 147. No. 13. Jacksonian Democracy 250 

§ 148. No. 14. Political and Constitutional Lssues of Protection . . . 252 

§ 149. No. 15. Doctrine of N unification 254 

§ 150. No. 16. Arguments for and against Slavery 256 

§ 151. No. 17. Governmental Powers of the States 258 

§ 152. No. 18. Ethics of the Mexican War 260 

§ 153. No. 19. Control of Acquired Territory 261 



xii CONTENTS 

PAGE 

§ 154. No. 20. Popular Sovereignty and Organized Territory . . . 263 

§155. No. 21. Principles of Citizenship and Rights of Non-Citizens . 266 

§ 156. No. 22. Doctrine of Secession 268 

§ 157. No. 23. Responsibility for the Civil War 270 

§ 158. No. 24. Lincoln's Democracy 272 

§ 159. No. 25. Military Powers of the President 274 

§ 160. No. 26. Constitutional Principles of Reconstruction 276 

§ 161. No. 27. Regulation of Commerce 278 

§ 162. No. 28. Federal Control over Corporations 281 

§ 163. No. 29. Dependencies 283 

§ 164. No. 30. Administrative Responsibility 285 

§ 165. Six Class-room Papers in Brief United States History (Course B) . 287 

§ 100. Thirty Class-room Papers in American Diplomacy (Course C) . . . 288 

§167. No. 1. Principles of European Claims to wild Territory . . 288 

§ 168. No. 2. Theory of Indian Land-holding 289 

§ 169. No. 3. Execution of the British Acts of Trade 290 

§ 170. No. 4. Rule of 1756 292 

§ 171. No. 5. Basis of English Claims to America 293 

§ 172. No. 6. Execution of the Spanish Colonial Policy 294 

§ 173. No. 7. Territorial Policy, during the Revolution and Con- 
federation 295 

§174. No. 8. Breaking the Instructions of Congress at Paris . . . 296 

§ 175. No. 9. Policy of American Isolation 297 

§ 176. No. 10. Was France entitled to complain of the Jay Treaty? . 298 

§ 177. No. 11. Allegiance and Impressment 299 

§ 178. No. 12. Status of Territory Annexed but not yet Organized 300 
§179. No. 13. Were the Orders in Council and Decrees Contrary to 

International Law? 303 

§ 180. No. 14. Northeastern Fishery Rights 304 

§181. No. 15. Navigation of the Mississippi and St. Lawrence Rivers 306 

§ 182. No. 16. Doctrine of the Recognition of new States 307 

§ 183. No. 17. Extent of the Monroe Doctrine 308 

§ 184. No. 18. Responsibility of a Government for not carrying out 

a Treaty 310 

§ 185. No. 19. Government of Military Conquests previous to Cession 312 

§ 186. No. 20. The Mosquito Question 313 

§ 187. No. 21. Application of Personal Status in a Foreign Country . 314 

§ 188. No. 22. Effect of Lincoln's Blockade Proclamations 316 

§189. No. 23. Doctrine of Continuous Voyages 317 

§ 190. No. 24. Consequential Damages 319 

§191. No. 25. Responsibility for Filibusters 320 

§ 192. No. 26. Right of Expatriation 321 



CONTENTS xiii 

PAGE 

§ 193. No. 27. Control of Seal Catching 323 

§ 194. No. 28. Protectorate of Cuba 324 

§ 195. No. 29. Policy of the Open Door 326 

§ 196. No. 30. Questions of the Isthmus Canal 326 

§ 197. Six Class-room Papers in American Diplomacy (Course D) . . . . 328 

§ 19S. Thirty Class-room Papers on American Government (Course E) . . 329 

§ 199. No. 1. Theory of the Social Compact 330 

§ 200. No. 2. Theories of the Two Spheres and of the Unity of 

American Government 331 

§201. No. 3. Status of Citizens other than Native Born 332 

§ 202. No. 4. Theory of Religious Liberty 333 

§ 203. No. 5. Limitations on Constitutional Conventions 335 

§ 204. No. 6. Limitmg the Suffrage 336 

§ 205. No. 7. Efficacy of the Referendum 338 

§ 206. No. 8. Popular Nomination Machinery 339 

§ 207. No. 9. How to Secure Good State and Local Legislation . . 340 

§ 208. No. 10. Efficiency of Executive Boards 342 

§209. No. 11. Improvement of County Government 342 

§210. No. 12. Improvement of City Charters 343 

§211. No. 13. Responsible Mayoralty 344 

§ 212. No. 14. Development of the Cabinet 345 

§ 213. No. 15. Needs of Civil Service Reform 347 

§214. No. 16. Defects of the Committee System 348 

§ 215. No. 17. Influences on the Legislation of Congress 349 

§ 216. No. IS. Administrative Decisions 350 

§ 217. No. 19. Principle of Declaring Acts Void 351 

§218. No. 20a. Status of Territory Conquered but not Ceded. . . . 354 

§ 219. No. 20&. Status of Territory Ceded but not Organized .... 356 

§ 220. No. 21. Difficulties in Assessing Personal Taxes 358 

§221. No. 22. Difficulties of Tariff Administration 359 

§ 222. No. 23. Federal Control of Corporations 360 

§ 223. No. 24. Public Canals 361 

§ 224. No. 25. City Ownership of Traction Lines 362 

§ 225. No. 26. Limitation of Immigration 364 

§ 226. No. 27. Status of Consuls 365 

§ 227. No. 28. The Pension System 366 

§ 228. No. 29. Regulation of Liquor Traffic 367 

§ 229. No. 30. Injunctions against Rioters 368 

§230. Six Class-room Papers in American Government (Course F). . . . 370 



CONTENTS 



PART IV. LIBRARY REPORTS 

PAGE 

§ 231. Purpose of the Library Reports 371 

§ 232. Preparation of Library Reports 371 

§ 233. Desirable Form for the Library Reports 373 

§ 234. Materials for Historical and Constitutional Reports (Courses A 

and B) 374 

§ 235. Special Materials for Bibliographical Library Reports 37.5 

§ 236. Alphabetical List of Pubhc Men 377 

§ 237. List of Public Men arranged by States and Countries .... 386 

§ 238. Methods of Constitutional Library Reports 391 

§ 239. Materials for Constitutional Library Reports 392 

§ 240. Constitutional Reports on the Genesis and Nature of the Union 393 

§ 241. Constitutional Reports on Membership in the Community . . 396 

§ 242. Constitutional Reports on The Electoral System 401 

§ 243. Constitutional Reports on the Status of the States 402 

§ 244. Constitutional Reports on the National Legislative 404 

§ 245. Constitutional Reports on the National Executive 409 

§ 246. Constitutional Reports on the National Judiciary 413 

§ 247. Constitutional Reports on Territorial Functions 416 

§ 248. Constitutional Pi.eports on Financial Questions 423 

§ 249. Constitutional Reports on Commercial Questions 429 

§ 250. Constitutional Reports on War Powers 437 

§ 251. Constitutional Reports on Foreign Relations 439 

§ 2."j2. Constitutional Reports on the General Welfare 440 

§ 253. Methods of Library Reports on Slavery 446 

§ 25 t. Materials for Library Reports on Slavery 447 

§ 255. Reports on the Genesis of Slavery in America 448 

§ 256. Reports on the Master Race 450 

§ 257. Reports on Free Negroes c. . . . . 451 

§ 258. Reports on Property in Slaves 454 

§ 259. Reports on Slave Life 457 

§ 260. Reports on Control of Slaves 460 

§ 261. Reports on Fugitive Slaves 463 

§ 26-. Reports on the National Status of Slavery 466 

§ 263. Reports on the Interstate Status of Slavery 469 

§ 264. Reports on the International Status of Slavery 470 

§ 265. Reports on Arguments for and against Slavery 472 

§ 266. Reports on Effects of Slavery 474 

§ 267. Reports on Public Emancipation of Slaves 476 

§ 268. Reports on Abolition and Abolitionists 479 

§ 269. Reports on Contemporary Judgment of Abolition 483 



COXTENTS XV 

PAGE 

§ 270. Methods of Library Reports in American Diplomacy (Courses C 

and D) 485 

§ 271. Materials for Library Reports in American Diplomacy .... 486 

§ 272. (1492-1689) Reports on Discovery and Title to Territory . . 487 

§ 27.3. (1689-1775) Reports on Trade and Sea-faring 487 

§274. (1775-1783) Reports on Revolutionary Diplomacy 488 

§ 275. (1783-1788) Reports on Diplomacy of the Confederation . . . 489 

§276. (1789-1801) Reports on the First Napoleonic Period .... 490 

§ 277. (1801-1815) Reports on the Second Napoleonic Period .... 491 
§ 278. (1815-1829) Reports on the Period of Spanish American 

Diplomacy 492 

§279. (1829-1861) Reports on Ante-Bellum Diplomacy 493 

§ 280. (1861-1865) Reports on the Diplomacy of the Civil War . . . 494 

§281. (1866-1895) Reports on Post-Bellum Diplomacy 495 

§ 282. (1895-1907) Reports on Diplomacy of the Spanisli War and 

the Orient 495 

§ 283. Methods of Library Reports in Government (Courses E and F) . . 496 

§ 284. Materials for Library Reports in Government 496 

§ 285. Reports on Criticisms of .\merican Government 497 

§ 286. Reports on Citizenship and Fundamental Rights 498 

§287. Reports on Constitution Making 500 

§ 288. Reports on Political Methods 501 

§ 289. Reports on State Government 505 

§ 290. Reports on Local Government 509 

§ 291. Reports on the National Legislative 513 

§ 292. Reports on the National Executive 516 

§ 293. Reports on the National Judiciary 518 

§ 294. Reports on Territorial Functions 520 

§ 295. Reports on Financial Functions . . 525 

§ 296. Reports on Commercial Functions . 528 

§ 297. Reports on Foreign Relations 533 

§ 298. Reports on War Powers 534 

§ 299. Reports on General Welfare 537 



CONTENTS 



PART V. EXAMINATIONS 

PAGE 

§ 300. Purposes of Examinations 541 

§ 301. Specimen Mid-Year Paper in United States History (Course A) . . 541 
§ 302. Specimen Mid-Year Paper (longer) in United States History 

1787-1837 (Course A) 542 

§ 303. Specimen Final Paper in United States History (Course A) . . 542 

§ 304. Specimen Paper in Brief United States History (Course B) . . 546 

§ 305. Specimen Mid-Year Paper in American Diplomacy (Course C) . . 547 

§ 306. Specimen Final Paper in Diplomatic History (Course C) . . . 548 

§ 307. Specimen Paper in Brief Diplomatic History (Course D) . . . 549 

§ 308. Specimen Mid- Year Paper in American Government (Course E) . . 550 

§ 309. Specimen Final Paper in American Government (Course E) 552 

§ 310. Specimen Paper in Brief American Government (Course F) . . 554 



MANUAL 

OF 

AMERICAN HISTORY, DIPLOMACY 
AND GOVERNMENT 

Part I 
METHODS AND MATERIALS 

§ 1. The Three Fields — American History, Diplomacy, and 
Government. 

The six courses for which this volume is intended to be 
an outline and a guide are divided into three groups, of 
which the first two (Courses A, B, C, D) cover in narra- 
tive form the development of American diplomatic history 
throughout, and of American political history since the 
adoption of the Constitution. For this purpose it is nec- 
essary to dwell upon the succession of events, and the 
relations of one period to another; and the present condi- 
tion of American government is referred to only by way 
of illustration and comparison. In the courses on American 
government (E and F), on the other hand, the attempt is 
made to show what the institutions of the United States 
now are; and narrative history is brought in only to throw 
light upon present conditions. The historical courses in- 
clude the personal element, the interplay of parties, and 
the rise and disappearance of political and international 
questions; the government courses deal with the present 
practice of government and do not include questions of 
motive, for persons are in general treated only as illustra- 
ting variations in practice. In the first group judgment 
may be passed on questions long since obsolete; in the 



2 METHODS AND MATERIALS [§ 1 

second group, the constant inquiry is, How is government 
now administered, and how may it be improved? 

§ 2. Differentiation of the Six Courses. 

Course A. The general narrative course aims to de- 
scribe the conditions under which the nation of the United 
States has developed into its present form; and the causes, 
motives, and standards which have directed the political 
policy of the country. At the same time, students are 
expected to learn some of the methods of ascertaining his- 
torical truth, and to acquire the habit of reasoning on 
political and constitutional questions, so that they may 
apply the groundwork of the course to current events 
and future questions. The lectures begin at the going into 
effect of the Federal Constitution in 1789, and come down 
through the Spanish war of 1898. See List of Lectures in 
Manual, §§ 28-54. 

Course B, a brief narrative course, e.Ktends from the 
end of the Revolution to 1907. See List of Lectures, 
Manual, § § 55-63. 

Course C, on American diplomatic history, covers the 
whole field from the discovery of America to the present 
time. It includes negotiations and treaties between Euro- 
pean powers relative to America, the diplomacy of the 
Revolution and Confederation, and of the United States 
under the Federal Constitution down to the present day. 
It presupposes some knowledge of the principles of inter- 
national law. The course includes not only the history of 
negotiations and treaties, but the gradual growth of the 
principles of international law which have been invoked in 
various controversies. The main topics to be taken up are 
set forth in the List of Lectures, Manual, §§ 64-86. 

Course D, a briefer course in the diplomatic history of 
the United States, extends from 1775 to 1907. See List of 
Lectures, Manual, §§ 87-95. 



§ 3] COURSES 3 

Course E is an advanced course, open only to those 
who have already a knowledge of the annals of American 
history and a considerable training in history and govern- 
ment. It is intended to discuss the practical workings of 
the American system of government as it now exists, 
with constant reference, however, to the historical growth 
of the institutions described; hence the course goes beyond 
the text of constitutions and statutes, and seeks to describe 
the actual practice of officials, legislative bodies, and politi- 
cal parties and organizations. For the subjects to be dis- 
cussed see List of Lectures, Manual, §§ 96-124. 

Course F, a briefer course in government, deals also 
with the principles of American government in practice. 
See List of Lectures, Manual, §§ 125-133. 

§ 3. Students' Work in each of the Courses. 

Neither the courses in United States political history nor 
in diplomatic history are supposed to be a complete survey 
of the whole field. The object of the instruction is not so 
much to furnish a body of information as to train students 
to apply what they learn, and to compare that knowledge 
with the new ideas which come to them. Since they are 
meant to be training courses rather than information courses, 
neither of them forms a complete chronological sequence; 
they suggest the essential elements of American history and 
•diplomacy, and discuss the things which have really made 
a difference in the development of the country. The in- 
structor in his lectures should suggest proportions and 
arrangements of facts, and show the connection of events 
with each other; he should lay stress upon historical geog- 
raphy, especially the territorial growth of the country. 
Details are to be filled in by the student from his 
parallel reading. Since listening to lectures and reading 
both tend to become mechanical, the "library reports" are 
intended to give practice in the use of materials and in the 



4 METHODS AND MATERIALS [§ 3 

application to constitutional or international questions of 
principles already learned. A special weekly exercise, the 
so-called "class-room papers," is also introduced, to train 
the reasoning powers upon the questions discussed. Finally, 
examinations are intended to test the judgment and the 
sense of proportion on the part of the student. Students in 
either of the six courses will therefore be expected to 
show proficiency in each of the following fields, more 
detailed accounts of which will be found below: 

(1) The facts and principles set forth in the lectures and 
recorded in note-books, including the historical geography 
of the United States; the results to be tested in the "class- 
room papers " and by the examinations. See Manual, 
§§25-96. 

(2) Facts and principles derived from reading, in many 
cases on topics not discussed in detail in the lectures; results 
also tested by the examinations. See Manual, § 6. 

(3) Ability to reason on brief unfamiliar questions within 
recognized fields, as shown by the " class-room papers." See 
Manual, §§ 135-229. 

(4) Such knowledge of sources, and ability to combine 
facts derived from them into a statement useful for other 
people, as may be shown in the "library reports." See 
Manual, §§238-299. 

(5) An ability to retain and to apply the principles gained 
from the work of the course, including the parallel reading, 
as tested in examinations. See Manual, §§ 300-308. 

The degree of detail, and the relation of the written work 
to the lectures, is shown for each course in the respective 
Lists of Lectures, Manual, §§ 28-133. 

§ 4. Lecture Notes. 

Every student will find it to his advantage to take care- 
ful notes on the lectures, and also on the main authorities 
that he reads. The practice trains the mind to condense 



§6] STUDENTS' WORK 5 

and to grasp materials; and the note-book should cement 
the parts of the course together, and should receive addi- 
tions from the reading. Methods and results in note-taking 
are considered in Channing and Hart, Guide, §§ 62, 63. 
Students are advised to summarize their notes by headings 
and marginal catchwords, for the practice is very helpful 
for fixing principles in the mind. Methods of note-taking 
on loose half-sheets, each of which sums up the lecturer's 
remarks on a topic, are convenient, and lend themselves 
readily to additions and later use. 

§ 5. Use of Text-books. 

Every systematic course in history and kindred subjects 
needs to be backed up by a brief general book or set of 
books, intended to give to the student a connected view of 
the whole subject, and to furnish an essential body of facts. 
Students are expected to own these books (lists of which 
for each of the six courses will be found in the Manual, 
§ 15), or to have constant access to them. The method is 
to read them all carefully in the first days of the course, at 
least for the first half of the field to be covered; and then 
to let go of them, expecting to fill in the detail from the 
lectures and parallel readings. 

§ 6. Parallel Readings. 

In all the courses it is assumed that the student is doing 
regular and systematic reading; no one can expect in any 
other way to follow the lectures, to profit by the courses, or 
to pass the examinations. The careful reading of the text- 
books {Manual, § 15) is obligatory; and considerable parts 
of the essential reference books (Manual, §§ 15-24) will 
also be necessary. Beyond, there is no requirement as to 
the manner in which the reading shall be done, and either 
of three ways will be acceptable: (1) The student may 
choose books at his discretion and read them according to 



6 METHODS AND MATERIALS [§ 6 

his judgment; (2) he may choose groups out of the "gen- 
eral readings" given in the Guide, § 56, and elsewhere; 
(3) if he desire to keep more closely within the limits of 
the course, he may read one or more references under each 
topic as it is taken up in the lectures. 

Prescribed readings lack the intellectual stimulus of 
search in books to find passages useful for immediate pur- 
poses. Such reading must, therefore, be supplemented by 
other parts of the work which shall give distinct training 
in the selection of material, especially the weekly papers 
and the special reports. Many students have the com- 
mendable habit of keeping ahead of the lectures with their 
reading, so that they may have a basis of fact upon which 
to apply the lectures as they are delivered. But for the 
student who desires to keep a complete and consecutive 
abstract of his work it will probably be found most con- 
venient to take notes on the lectures in a systematic form, 
leaving space to be filled in with abstracts frcCfn later collat- 
eral reading. 

The system of reading recommended by the instructor in 
all of the courses is a combination of the three methods 
described below: (1) A few brief books should be read 
entire, — the text-books ; some of the most pertinent sec- 
ondary works, such as The American Nation in Course A, 
or Fairlie's National Administration, in Course D; and the 
most accessible sources, such as the Contemporaries in Course 
A. (2) Then the general readings may be used. (3) The 
student may go to special lecture references for important 
and difficult points. 

(1) Consecutive Readings. — For students who are 
willing to give unusual time to a course, perhaps the best 
method of reading is simply to follow out the standard 
books which most interest them, including contemporary 
narratives, reading one after another, and comparing them 
with each other and with the lectures. The books recom- 



§ 7] READINGS 7 

mended in the special collections (Manual, §§ 17, 21, 24) 
are the best for such a principle. In using this method, 
which will be most useful in American government, special 
attention should be given to the topics upon which the 
student finds himself most uncertain or ignorant when 
they are touched upon in the lectures. 

(2) General Readings. — The difficulty of providing 
enough copies of particular books for the use of consider- 
able bodies of students is such that most students will 
probably resort to the "General Readings" arranged in 
the Manual by periods, in groups of associated books. 

For all the courses, therefore, special provision has been 
made for this kind of work by a series of group readings in 
the List of Lectures {Manual, §§ 97-124). The books are 
arranged roughly in the order of their serviceability; but no 
book is mentioned which would not be suitable as a back- 
ground for that group of lectures. The system is adapted 
to the special collections {Manual, §§ 17, 18, 21, 24). 

(3) Topical Readings. — Many students prefer to read 
specific references on the topics which come up in the lec- 
tures. To this end will be found arranged in the six Lists 
of Lectures {Manual, §§ 28-133) the topics which will be 
taken up in the lectures (compare Guide, §§144-214). 
An excellent way of following the course is, after each lec- 
ture, to read up one or more of the references loosely arranged 
in the order of preference under which each topic has been 
discussed. A particular advantage of the system is that 
it introduces the student to a large number of books. 

§ 7. Class-room Written Work. 

The class-room papers are brief written answers to ques- 
tions put upon the board, the exercise to come in the last 
fifteen minutes of the lecture hour, or after the regular 
lecture. Along with the list of lectures intended respec- 
tively for Course A {Manual, § 28), for Course C {Manual, 



8 METHODS AND MATERIALS [§ 7 

§ 64), and for Course E (Manual, § 96), will be found printed 
a set of general subjects connected with those lectures. 
Upon these subjects students are expected to prepare them- 
selves beforehand, so as to form and express, in writing, 
an opinion with reference to some specific question which 
ma}^ arise under the general subject. Thus, under the sub- 
ject of the methods of annexing territory to the United 
States, the paper might ask for a discussion of the question 
whether Cuba could be annexed by joint resolution without 
the consent of the Cuban government; under the general 
question of the Jay treaty might fairly come a question 
whether Jay could have got a better treaty; under the gen- 
eral subject of implied powers might be asked the question 
whether the United States could constitutionally charter a 
government university. 

The purpose of the system is, therefore, to train students 
in applying what they have already learned to the forma- 
tion of a judgment on a specific question which they have 
never before considered. This is believed to be one of the 
most important parts of the courses. 

The general subjects under which questions are to be set 
in each course are enumerated in Manual, §§ 135-229; and 
under each will be found some specimen questions, to show 
the scope and extent of the work. 

All the papers will be written on uniform blanks, fur- 
nished to the classes; read, and corrected by a competent 
assistant; and returned to the writer with written criticisms. 
The returned papers will be found in the alphabetical boxes, 
commonly at the second exercise after they are written. 
Stated conference hours will be held, at which students 
may discuss their paper work. 

Since the weekly papers are the part of the course which 
calls for most individual thought and judgment, students 
are usually interested to come to them with suitable prepar- 
ation. Two things are necessary in order to write a good 



§8] WRITTEN WORK 9 

paper: the student must carry in his mind the general p in- 
ciples which he has acquired up to that point of the course; 
and he must have read and thought intelligently on the 
aubject under which the question is to be asked. For the 
latter purpose, a special set of references is provided on 
thirty general subjects in each of the three full courses 
(Manual, §§ 135-229). 

Particular stress is laid upon the "sources," and especi- 
ally the "cases." The use of such material is excellent 
preliminary practice in the work of the lawyer, legislator, 
and publicist; and the judgments formed upon sources are 
likely to be more original and pertinent. The reading done 
by way of preparation for the weekly papers will be found a 
valuable part of the general preparation for the courses. 

§ 8. Library Written Work. 

In courses in which there is a great demand upon the 
libraries, it is not feasible to require all students to delve 
for themselves in a large collection of primary books, as a 
preparation for the lectures. This necessary part of the 
historical training is, therefore, to be sought in the library 
reports. In preparing them, students are expected to find 
out for themselves things not stated in any of the general 
authorities. The system will introduce them to serviceable 
writers; it will make them familiar with the sources of in- 
formation on American history; it is intended to develop 
their powers of analysis and statement, and to interest them 
in the unsettled questions of our history. 

To each student will therefore be assigned a very limited 
special topic, not given to any other student in the course, 
on which he is expected to make a condensed report, based 
upon original authorities, and supported also by use of the 
best secondary discussions. The result ordinarily need not 
be stated in literary form, but may be more like a brief; in 
all cases, however, students must give exact reference to the 



10 METHODS AND MATERIALS [§ 8 

authorities used on all significant points. The work of prep- 
aration is to be done under the personal direction, and to 
the satisfaction, of an assistant specially assigned for the 
purpose, acting under the instructor's guidance. 

In the special directions below will be found suggestions 
for library reports on the following subjects: bibliography 
(§235); constitutional questions (§238); slavery (§253); 
diplomacy (§ 270); government (§ 283). 

In assigning reports particular pains will be taken to see 
that no two students in a course have the same subjects; 
and so far as possible topics will be chosen which have not 
been worked out in published books or articles. There are 
many interesting points in American history and govern- 
ment which have not been carefully examined by any 
scholar, and there is, therefore, an opportunity for some 
distinctly original work. 

Attention will be paid to any preference of the student 
as to his subject, if indicated in his application on entering 
the course. But if a student finds in the lists printed 
below, or elsewhere, a particular subject which he wishes 
to have assigned to him, he may hand in a written request 
to that effect. It is impossible to assign subjects all of 
which will prove of equal difficulty and importance, and 
sometimes the question set may prove barren; in such cases 
a reassignment will be made; and due allowance will always 
be made for an intelligent and thorough search, even 
though no positive result can be reached. 

§ 9. Examinations. 

Examinations are necessary not so much to test the 
faithfulness of students as to find out how far they are 
able to apply what they have learned, without referring 
again to books. The examinations also test the ability of 
the student to select the most important points in the lec- 
tures and in his reading, and to remember them when 
called upon. 



§ 9] EX A MINA TIONS 1 1 

The mid-year examinations in United States history 
(Course A), in diplomatic history (Course C), and in Ameri- 
can government (Course E) will cover the whole half-year's 
work. The final examination in Course A will test the 
cumulative knowledge of the whole year, though dwelling 
less on the details of the first half-year's work. In Course B 
and Course D the final examinations will cover only the 
ground of the second half-year's work, except in so far as 
questions have arisen in the course since the mid-years 
which require reference to earlier work. There will be 
geographical questions in all papers, both narrative and 
descriptive (Manual, § 26). 

Special notice will be taken of ability in examination 
books to show the relation and connection between facts 
which have not been linked together in the courses. Per- 
haps the best method to prepare for an examination, after 
due reading, is to discuss the principal questions of the 
course with fellow-students. 

For the process of examinations the following suggestions 
may be found useful: 

1. Come into the examination fresh and able to think 
clearly. 

2. Read the paper through before beginning to write, 
and decide which of the alternative questions you will 
choose, if such are offered. 

3. If you are doubtful of the meaning of a question, 
apply to the instructor in charge. 

4. Write legibly; ink is much preferred. 

5. Write in a straightforward narrative style; make 
your meaning clear. 

6. Arrange and paragraph your work neatly and sys- 
tematically. 

7. Indicate subdivisions of logical argument in such a 
way as readily to catch the eye. 

8. Full answers to a part of the questions may be better 
than insufficient answers to the whole. 



12 METHODS AND MATERIALS [§ 9 

9. Less stress will be laid on dates and details than on an 
ability to distinguish the significant points in the work gone 
over, and to understand their relations; a good general com- 
prehension can, however, be based only on a previous study 
of details. 

§ 10. How to use Books. 

In such subjects as history and government the main- 
stay of the student must be collections of books; a single 
text-book gives but one man's conclusions; and without 
actual handling of books and the discovery therein of things 
which meet the intellectual needs of the student, he is left 
without the practice of searching the records which should 
be the habit of every educated person. Most college lib- 
raries have card-catalogues of their collections with which 
the student should be familiar; and he should also learn 
the use of the principal aids for finding specific informa- 
tion, enumerated in the Manual, §§ 1-11; Guide, § 15a; 
Fletcher, Literature of American History; and so on. 

Students should early acquire the habit of using the pre- 
face, table of contents, and index of a volume, as a guide to 
its purpose, scope, and reach. They should also practice 
the art of reading, with constant effort to analyze and 
restate the author's text. Underlining, writing heads with 
comments in the margin, inserting running dates and the 
like are highly commendable when applied to one's own 
books. To read only a part of a book is also a frequent 
necessity for the searcher. 

§ 11. Use of Bibliographical Aids. 

The starting point for the student, the intelligen't reader, 
and the searcher for historical truth, is to find out what 
has been written on particular topics. There is a literature 
of bibliographical material in which American history is 
well represented; and the student should at the outset 
make himself familiar with the principal bibliographies of 



§ 11] BIBLIOGRAPHICAL AIDS 13 

American history and government, and the standard his- 
tories, which through tlieir foot-notes give access to much 
detailed material. The following are the most important 
formal bibliographies. See Manual, §§ 17, 21, 24. 

(1) Cambridge Modern History, VII. — The United States 

(1903). — Includes brief classified lists of books. 

(2) Edward Channing and Albert Bushnell Hart, Guide to 

the Study of American History (1896). — Classified 
lists of books, without comment, and topics with 
specific references. 

(3) William I. Fletcher, "A.L.A." Index; An Index to 

General Literature (2d ed., 1901). — A guide to 
collected essays, otherwise very hard to reach. 

(4) Albert Bushnell Hart, Actual Government as applied 

under American Conditions (3d ed., 1908). — A 
"Select Bibliography of American Government" is 
prefixed; and there are thirty chapter bibliographies. 

(5) Albert Bushnell Hart (Ed.). The American Nation: 

A History (27 vols., 1904-1907). — "Critical Essays" 
at the end of each volume, including the most 
recent materials, both secondary and sources. 

(6) Albert Bushnell Hart, Foundations of American Foreign 

Policy (1901). — Chapter viii is a classified biblio- 
graphy of American diplomacy. 

(7) Leonard A. Jones, Index to Legal Periodical Literature 

(2 vols., 1888-1899). — Refers to many periodicals 
not mentioned in Poole. 

(8) Josephus N. Larned, The Literature of American His- 

tory, A Bibliographical Guide (1902). — A list of 
about four thousand books on American history, 
each with a critical note by an expert. 

(9) F. Leypoldt, L. E. Jones, and others, The American 

Catalogue (7 vols., 1880-1905). — A publisher's cata- 
logue of all books in print in America in 1876 and 
thereafter; well classified. 



14 METHODS AND MATERIALS [§ 11 

(10) Andrew C. McLaughlin, Writings on American His- 

tory (1903). — Similar to Richardson and Morse (see 
below). 

(11) New England History Teachers' Association, Histori- 

cal Sources in Schools (1902). — A series of topics 
with references to the available collections of sources. 

(12) New England History Teachers' Association, Histori- 

cal Syllabus for Secondary Schools (1901). — Alpha- 
betical and topical lists on various fields of history. 

(13) William F. Poole, Poole's Index to Periodical Litera- 

ture. — Various successive editions and supple- 
ments; the standard on its field. 

(14) Marion E. Potter (ed.), Cumulative Book Indexes 

(issued monthly). 

(15) Ralph Curtis Ringwalt, Briefs on Public Questions 

(1906); in part on the same ground as W. D. B. 
Brookings and Ralph Curtis Ringwalt, Briefs for 
Debate (1896). 

(16) E. C. Richardson and A. E. Morse, Writings on Ameri- 

can History (1902). — The first of a projected series 
of annual volumes. 

(17) Justin Winsor, Narrative and Critical History of Amer- 

ica (8 vols., 1884-1889). — Admirable for its field, 
but in general extends little beyond 1789. 

§ 12. Use of Secondary Materials. 

Inasmuch as the value of both the historical and descrip- 
tive courses lies chiefly in the use and training of one's own 
powers, it is expected that all students will acquire the 
habit of using books, and many books. Brief text-books 
will be required, but must be supplemented by wide read- 
ing in the general literature on the subject; and the courses 
are so arranged that students may often read the most 
important chapters of several books rather than the whole 
of any elaborate work. The use of bibliographical helps 



§ 14] SECONDARY WORKS 15 

will be enforced at the beginning of the narrative courses 
by a bibliographical report {Manual, § 235), and constitu- 
tional or international or governmental treatises are to be 
examined as a beginning for the work on "library papers" 
(Manual, §§ 231-299). Throughout the courses, students 
will be expected to acquire their knowledge of facts and 
their foundation for conclusions from a variety of material. 
The books most serviceable for a student's use will be 
found enumerated below (Manual, §§ 15-24). 

§ 13. Use of Sources. 

The original materials upon which all skilled historians 
rely as the basis of their judgments are too bulky and too 
scattered to serve the college student in a lecture course, 
except in two ways: (1) Contemporary documents and 
narratives in easily accessible collections and reprints, 
should be used throughout to illustrate and verify the sec- 
ondary readings. (2) Sources (especially law cases) are 
part of the material for the class-room papers; and will be 
indispensable for some of the library report work. 

Special collections of sources in United States history 
(Courses A and B) are listed below (§ 18); several biblio- 
graphies which include sources are cited above (Manual, 
§ 11), especially New England History Teachers' Associa- 
tion, Historical Sources in Schools (1902). Sources in dip- 
lomatic history may be found through Hart: Foundations 
of American Foreign Policy, ch. viii; the scattered sources 
in government appear in Hart: Actual Government, pp. xxx- 
xxxiii and chapter bibliographies. 

§ 14. Collections of Books. 

To carry on really enlarging work in history, one must 
have access to at least a small collection of books. For 
secondary books are the record of the thought and infer- 
ence of historians; and beyond the elementary stage one 



16 METHODS AND MATERIALS [§ 14 

must know several points of view. In a sense also books 
are the creations of the writers, and who would not enjoy 
meeting and drawing out the ideas of a Parkman or a 
Rhodes? Yet the books of such men reveal more of them- 
selves to the reader than he could get from casual inter- 
views. 

There is now a literature of permanent value on American 
history and government. Henry Adams, History of the 
United States, and James Bryce, American Commonwealth, 
are classics, liable to be needed for many decades. Hence 
all students should begin the good practice of collecting a 
library — if it is only three books on a clock-shelf. Often 
a group of students can unite in buying a small lot of books, 
which can then be subdivided or presented to a college or 
society library at the end of the year's study. 

§ 15. Students' Handbooks in United States History 
(Course A). 

Text-books. — There being no single volume or brief 
set of books to cover the whole field in convenient form, 
the student will need to own or to have constant access to 
the following volumes: they should cost about $5: 

(1) Manual of American History, Diplomacy and Govern- 
ment (Cambridge, Harvard University, 1908). — This volume. 

(2, 3) Epochs of Arnerican History, Vols. II, III (rev. ed., 
N. Y., Longmans. 1904). — A brief narrative and general 
history. 

(4) Alexander Johnston, History of American Politics, 
(rev. ed., N. Y., Holt, 1898). — A graphic sketch of political 
history to 1890. 

(5) Constitution of the United States. The most con- 
venient verbatim text is in American History Leaflets, No. 8. 

Essential Reference Books. — Besides the text-books 
the following will be necessary for the reading and the 
weekly papers, and" should be at the disposal of every 
student; the volumes should cost about 



§ 16] STUDENTS' HANDBOOKS 17 

(1) Emlin McClain, Constitutional Law in the United 
States (N. Y., 1905). — The most convenient text-book on 
constitutional questions. 

(2, 3) Albert Bushnell Hart, American History told by 
Contemporaries, Vols. Ill, IV (N. Y., 1901). — A set of 
related extracts, prepared with special view to the needs of 
classes in United States History. 

(4) One or the other of the two following collections: 

(4a) Emlin McClain, A Selection of Cases on Constitu- 
tional Law (Boston, 1901). 

(46) Carl Evans Boyd, Cases on American Constitutional 
Law (Chicago, 1898). 

(5, 6) Joseph Story, Commentaries on the Constitution of 
the United States (2 vols., Cooley's 4th ed., Boston, 1873; 
Bigelow's 5th ed., Boston, 1891). — The best extended 
commentary for class use. 

(7, 8) James Bradley Thayer, Select Cases in Constitu- 
tional Law, with Notes (2 vols., Cambridge, 1895). — The 
standard collection of cases, almost indispensable for the 
"class-room papers" and available for later use in the Law 
School. 

(9-23) Albert Bushnell Hart (editor). The American Na- 
tion: A History (27 vols., including index vol., N. Y., 1904- 
1907, sold separately). — The period of the narrative course 
is substantially covered by the sixteen volumes, extending 
from XI (Bassett, Federalist System) to XXVI (Hart, 
National Ideals). A cooperative history intended to 
include all the significant fields of American history — 
political, social, constitutional, economic, and diplomatic. 

§ 16. Students' Handbooks in Brief United States History 
(Course B). 

Text-books. For a brief course like this, the founda- 
tion books may be only an outline of the work and a narra- 
tive volume or volumes, as the following, costing $6: 



18 METHODS AND MATERIALS [§ 16 

(1) Manual of American History, Diplomacy and Gov- 
ernment (Cambridge, Harvard University, 1908). — This 
volume. 

(2a) Albert Bushnell Hart: Essentials in American His- 
tory (N. Y., 1905). — Prepared for the use of upper high 
school and lower college classes. 

(26) Edwin Erie Sparks: The United States of America 
(2 vols., N. Y., 1904, Story of the Nation series). — Especially 
good on social and economic history. 

Essential Reference Books. — Some source material 
should be used, besides a full narrative text of some kind. 

(1) Source-Book of American History (N. Y., 1900). 

(2) American History told by Contemporaries (4 vols., 
N. Y., 1897-1901). 

(3a) The American Nation: A History (Series. 27 vols., 
N. Y., 1904-1908) 

(3b) American Statesmen (Series. About 37 vols., Boston, 
rev. ed., 1899-1904). 

§ 17. Special Collection in United States History (Courses 
A and B). 

Every college student ought to be laying the foundations 
for his own library. In the field of American history, 
diplomacy, and government there is a considerable litera- 
ture of permanent interest and value. For purposes of 
study an excellent plan is for several students to join 
together, each contributing a share to a small collection 
which may be used by all in common during their college 
course, dividing them at the end or presenting them to a 
library. 

Bibliographies: The special bibliographies of United 
States history are enumerated above. (Manual, § 11; note 
especially Channing and Hart, Guide (1896); New England 
History Teachers' Association, Syllabus for Secondary Schools 
(1901).) 



I 17] HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS 19 

Biography: See Manual, § 27. The best brief collec- 
tion is: John T. Morse, editor, American Statesmen Series 
(32 volumes, including an index volume, Boston, rev. ed., 
1898-1900; also later additional volumes). Note especially 

Henry Cabot Lodge, Alexander Hamilton. 

John T. Morse, Thomas Jefferson. 

John T. Morse, Abraham Lincoln (2 vols.). 

Carl Schurz, Henry Clay (2 vols.). 

Hermann Von Hoist, John C. Calhoun. 

Albert Bushnell Hart, Salmon Portland Chase. 

Edward Stanwood, James G. Blaine. 

Special Histories. — Among many histories of particu- 
lar phases of American history may be mentioned 

(1) Davis R. Dewey, Financial History of the United 
■States (N. Y., 1902). — Best account of its subject. 

(2) John W. Foster, A Century of American Diplomacy 
(1776-1876) (Boston, 1900). — Best single volume on diplo- 
matic history. 

(3a) Albert Bushnell Hart, American Ideals historically 
Traced (Am. Nation, XXVI). — A history of American 
ideals and practice of government. 

(36) Alexander Johnson, History of American Politics 
(N. Y., 1898). — Clear account of national issues from 1786- 
1890. 

(4) Jesse Macy, Political Parties in the United States 
(N. Y., 1900). — Historical and descriptive; comes down 
only to 1861. 

(5) C. Edward Merriam, A History of American Political 
Theories (N. Y., 1903). — An excellent account of the 
origin and progress of political ideas. 

(6) Edward Stanwood, History of the Presidency (Boston, 
1898). — A revision of the author's earlier History of Presi- 
■dential Elections. 

(7) F. W. Taussig, The Tariff History of the United States 
<N. Y., 4th ed., 1898). — Brief and to the point. 



20 METHODS AND MATERIALS [§ 17 

(8) Barrett Wendell, A Literary History of America 
(N. Y., 1900). — Best brief account of the development of 
American Literature. 

Standard Histories. — Lists of the principal secondary- 
works on United States history will be found in the Guide, 
§§ 20, 25; Theodore Clarke Smith, General Index to the 
American Statesmen Series; Albert Bushnell Hart, National 
Ideals (Am. Nation, XXVI), ch. xx. The following authors 
are the most significant for their discussion of constitutional 
questions : — 

Henry Adams, History of the United States of America 
during the Administrations of Jefferson and Madison (9 vols., 
N. Y., 1889-1891). — Admirable for students of political 
conditions. 

E. B. Andrews, The History of the Last Quarter-Century 
in the United States, 1870-1895 (2 vols., N. Y., 1896).— 
Entertaining, though not highly skilful. 

John William Burgess, The Middle Period, 1817-1858; The 
Civil War and the Constitution (3 vols., N. Y., 1897, 1901). 
By a Tennessean. 

George Ticknor Curtis, Constitutional History of the 
United States from their Declaration of Independence to the 
Close of their Civil War (2 vols., N. Y., 1889-1896). — A 
learned and luminous work, very serviceable on many con- 
stitutional questions. Vol. I is a reprint of the author's 
two-volume History of the Constitution (N. Y., 1854-1858). 

Jefferson Davis, The Rise and Fall of the Confederate Gov- 
ernment (2 vols., N. Y., 1881). — A defense of the right of 
secession. 

John Pancoast Gordy, A History of Political Parties in 
the United States (1 vol. published, to 1809, rev. ed., N. Y., 
1900). — Chiefly political and diplomatic. 

Albert Bushnell Hart (ed.), The American Nation: A 
History (27 vols., N. Y., 1903-1907). — A cooperative 
history. 



§ 17] HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS 21 

Hermann Eduard Von Hoist, The Constitutional and 
Political History of the United States (Lake's and Mason's 
translation, 7 vols, and an index vol., Chicago, rev. ed., 
1899). — Very full discussions of many constitutional 
questions. 

Judson Stuart Landon, The Constitutional History and 
Government of the United States (rev. ed., Boston, 1900). — 
A good single volume on the development of American prin- 
ciples of government. 

John Bach Mc Master. ^4 History of the People of the 
United States from the Revolution to the Civil War (6 vols, 
published, N. Y., 1883-1906). — Not much discussion of 
constitutional points; the sixth volume comes down to 
1842. 

Harry Thurston Peck, Twenty Years of the Republic, 
188.5-1905 (N. Y., 1907). — Sketchy and rather prejudiced. 

James Ford Rhodes, History of the United States from 
the Compromise of 1850 (7 vols., N. Y., 1893-1906).— 
Admirable for questions of slavery and the Civil War, 
though not professedly a constitutional book. 

James Schouler, History of the United States of America 
under the Constitution (6 vols., rev. ed., N. Y., 1895-1899). 
— A good political history, with some discussion of consti- 
tutional questions. 

Edwin E. Sparks, The United States of America (2 vols., 
N. Y., 1904). — Story of the Nations series. — Especially 
good on social and economic conditions. 

Alexander Hamilton Stephens, A Constitutional View of 
the Late War between the States: its Causes, Character, 
Conduct, and Results (2 vols., Phila., 1868-1870). — The 
best statement of the Southern view of secession and of the 
nature of the Union. 

George Tucker, The History of the United States from their 
Colonization to the End of the Twenty-Sixth Congress, in 
1841 (4 vols., Phila., 1856-1857). — Written from the 
Southern standpoint; covers the period 1607-1841. 



22 METHODS AND MATERIALS [§ 17 

Woodrow Wilson, History of the American People (5 vols., 
N. Y., 1902). — Brief but suggestive. 

Select Constitutional Treatises. — The principal 
treatises on constitutional law are the following; a more 
detailed list, including the older treatises, which are often 
useful for historical questions, will be found in Albert Bush- 
nell Hart, Introduction to the Study of Federal Government 
(Boston, 1891), § 469; elaborate bibliography in W. E. 
Foster, References to the Constitution (N. Y., 1890); lists of 
authorities in many of the treatises; critical comments on 
the treatises in J. N. Larned, Literature of American His- 
tory (N. Y., 1902). 

James DeWitt Andrews, American Law: A Treatise on 
the Jurisprudence, Constitution, and Law of the United 
States (Chicago, 1890). — Not very scholarly nor exhaustive. 

William 0. Bateman, Political and Constitutional Law of 
the United States of America (St. Louis, 1876). — Colored 
by the author's fear of centralization; original and sugges- 
tive. 

Henry Campbell Black, Handbook of American Constitu- 
tional Law (2d ed., St. Paul, 1897). — A good practical dis- 
cussion of the principal points of the subject, intended for 
the use of lawyers, but also useful for the general student. 

George Sewall Bout well. The Constitution of the United 
States at the End of the First Century (Boston, 1895). — A 
brief summary of the development of the principles of each 
paragraph of the Constitution. 

P. C. Centz (pseudonym for Bernard J. Sage), The Re- 
public of Republics, or American Federal Liberty (4th ed., 
Boston, 1881). — The keenest defense of secession. 

Thomas Mclntyre Cooley, The General Principles of Con- 
stitutional Law in the United States of America (McLaughlin's 
3d ed., Boston, 1898). — The standard brief commentary, 
but not exhaustive on many points. 

Thomas Mclntyre Cooley, ^4. Treatise on the Constitu- 



§ 17] HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS 23 

tional Limitations which Rest upon the Legislative Power of 
the States of the American Union (6th ed., Boston, 1890). — 
A learned and exhaustive discussion of one part of the field 
of constitutional law, including the States. 

Roger Foster, Commentaries on the Constitution of the 
United States, Historical and Judicial; with observations on 
the ordinary provisions of State Constitutions, and a Com- 
parison with the Constitutions of other Countries (1 vol. pub- 
lished, Boston, 1896). — One of the best of the recent dis- 
cussions. 

Ernst Freund, The Police Power, Public Policy, and Con- 
stitutional Rights (Chicago, 1904). — A useful discussion, 
covering a limited field. 

Frank Johnson Goodnow, The Principles of the Adminis- 
trative Law of the United States (N. Y., 1905). — A first- 
hand discussion of a subject previously almost untouched. 
Contains much good material on general constitutional 
questions. 

John Innes Clark Hare, American Constitutional Law 
(2 vols., Boston, 1889). — Good, but hardly of the first 
importance for students. 

Hermann Edviard Von Hoist, The Constitutional Law of 
the United States of America (Chicago, 1887). — Too brief 
and cursory for extended study; includes state and local 
government. 

John Codman Hurd, The Theory of our National Exist- 
ence, as shown by the Action of the Government of the United 
States since 1861 (Boston, 1881). — A discussion from the 
point of view rather of theoretical political science than of 
constitutional law. 

John Codman Hurd, The Union State: A Letter to our 
States-rights Friend (N. Y., 1890). — A discussion of the 
nature of the American Union. 

John Alexander Jameson, Constitutional Conventions; 
their History, Powers, and Modes of Proceeding (4th ed., 
Chicago, 1887). — • The standard on its subject. 



24 METHODS AND MATERIALS [§ 17 

James Kent, Commentaries on American Law (4 vols., 
1826-1830, and many subsequent editions). — A standard 
book, still much quoted, but inferior to Cooley in compre- 
hensiveness. It is not devoted exclusively to Constitu- 
tional Law. 

Francis Lieber, Contributions to Political Science, includ- 
ing Lectures on the Constitution of the United States, and 
other Papers (Fhila,., 1881). — Theoretical and philosophical 
but suggestive. 

Emlin McClain, Constitutional Law in the United States 
(N. Y., 1905). — Written for the general student and hence 
especially available for college courses. 

Samuel Freeman Miller, Lectures on the Constitution of 
the United States (N. Y., 1891). — By a former justice of 
the Supreme Court. 

John Ordronaux, Constitutional Legislation in the United 
States; its Origin, and Application to the relative Powers of 
Congress and of State Legislatures (Phila., 1891). — A useful 
book. 

Christopher Stuart Patterson, The United States and the 
States under the Constitution (Phila., 1888). — Very thorough. 

John Norton Pomeroy, An Introduction to the Constitu- 
tional Law of the United States (Boston, 1868, and subse- 
quent editions). — Long a standard, and still one of the 
best for the discussion of many points, but rather out of 
date. 

Joseph Story, Commentaries on the Constitution of the 
United States with a Preliminary Review of the Constitutional 
History of the Colonies and States, before the Adoption of 
the Constitution (3 and 2 vols., 1833, and four later editions). 
— The earliest and greatest work of the kind; still sound, 
but does not deal with the latest modern constitutional 
problems. 

Christopher Gustavus Tiedeman, The Unwritten Consti- 
tution of the United States: A Philosophical Inquiry into the 
Fundamentals of American Constitutional Law (N. Y., 1890). 



§ 18] HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS 25 

Joel Tiffany, A Treatise in Government and Constitutional 
Law, being an Inquiry into the Source and Limitation of 
Governmental Authority, according to the American Theory 
(Albany, 1867). 

William Angus Sutherland, Notes on the Constitution of 
the United States, showing the Construction and Operation of 
the Constitution as determined by the Federal Supreme Court, 
and Containing references to illustrative Cases from the In- 
ferior Federal and State Courts (San Francisco, 1904). — 
The latest general treatise on the subject, dealing with 
recent problems which no other treatise discusses. 

John Randolph Tucker, The Constitution of the United 
States: A Critical Discussion of its Genesis, Development, and 
Interpretation (Chicago, 1899). — A clear and exhaustive 
discussion, with a decided leaning to the state rights view- 
point. 

Francis Wharton, Coyyimentaries on Law, embracing Chap- 
ters on the Nature, the Source, and the History of Law, on 
International Law, Public and Private; and on Constitutional 
and Statutory Law (Phila., 1884). — Not a complete dis- 
cussion, and rather badly arranged, but full of practical 
material. 

Westel Woodbury Willoughby, The American Constitu- 
tional System, an Introduction to the Study of the American 
State (N. Y., 1904). — Mainly a discussion of the relation 
between the federal and state governments. 

James Albert Woodburn, American Politics. The Amer- 
ican Republic and its Government, an Analysis of the Gov- 
ernment of the United States, with a Consideration of its 
Fundamental Principles and of its Relations to the States 
and Territories (N. Y., 1904.) — From the governmental 
point of view rather than the Constitutional. 

§ 18, Collections of Historical Sources (Courses A and B). 
For the narrative questions, and often for the constitu- 



26 METHODS AND MATERIALS [§ 18 

tional, recourse must be had to contemporary discussions 
and arguments. A bibliography and description of such 
materials may be found in Channing and Hart, Guide to the 
Study of Ainerican History, §§ 27-35; in the introduction to 
each of the four volumes of American History told by Con- 
temporaries; and in New England History Teachers' Asso- 
ciation, Historical Sources in Schools. In the Critical Essay 
at the end of each volume of the American Nation will be 
found a list of sources, with comment. 

Public Documents. — Among the most important 
sources are the Journals of Congress; records of debates; 
works of public men containing public speeches and state 
papers; autobiographies and reminiscences; President's 
messages; statutes and treaties of the United States; elab- 
orate biographies containing documents; proceedings of 
learned societies. A list of indexes to government docu- 
ments will be found in the Guide, § 16e, and in American 
Statistical Association, Publications, VII, Nos. 49, 50 
(March, June, 1900, p. 40) ; also in Albert Bushnell Hart,, 
Foundations of American Foreign Policy, ch. viii. 

Collections of Sources. — Several collections of useful 
sources have been brought together for the use of students. 
Of these may be mentioned: 

H. V. Ames, State Documents on Federal Relations, Nos. 
1-4 (Phila., 1900-1902). 

Jonathan Elliot, Debates on the Federal Constitution (5 
vols., Washington, 1836-1845). 

Albert Bushnell Hart, American History told by Contem- 
poraries (4 vols., N. Y., 1897-1901). 

Albert Bushnell Hart, Source-Book of American History, 
with Practical Introductions (N. Y., 1899). 

Albert Bushnell Hart and Edward Channing, American 
History Leaflets (34 Nos. to 1907, N. Y., 1S92-). 

Alexander Johnston, American Orations: Studies in 
American Political History (4 vols., re-edited by J. A. Wood- 



§ 18] HISTORICAL SOURCES 27 

burn, N. Y., 1896-1897). — Short select orations by the 
most eminent Americans, with notes. 

William MacDonald, Select Charters and Other Documents 
illustrative of American Historij, 1606-1775 (N. Y., 1899). 

William MacDonald, Select Documents illustrative of the 
History of the United States, 1776-1861 (N. Y., 1898). 

William MacDonald, Select Statutes and Other Documents 
illustrative of the History of the United States, 1861-1898 
(N. Y., 1902). 

Edwin Doak Mead, Old South Leaflets (about 175 Nos., 
Boston, 1888-). 

James Daniel Richardson, A Compilation of the Messages 
and Papers of the Presidents, 1789-1897 (10 vols., Wash- 
ington, 1896-1899). 

Reports of Judicial Cases. — On all constitutional 
questions the most authoritative utterance is always the 
decisions of the courts, and especially of the Supreme Court 
of the United States. These decisions are printed in eight 
groups of publications, to be found in many libraries. 
The official United States Supreme Court Reports and the 
collections of select cases should also be easily accessible 
to the student. 

(1) Official Reports of the Supreme Court of the 
United States. 

These official reports embody the most important mate- 
rial for forming a judgment on the nature of our govern- 
ment, the division of powers between nation and State, and 
the distribution of powers among the departments of gov- 
ernment. They are published in several forms: (1) a series 
of consecutive reports, indicated down to 1882 by the name 
of the reporter (Dallas to Otto), since 1875 issued under 
the title United States Reports; (2) in condensed reports 
compiled by various authors (Peters to Miller); (3) since 
1882 in a series issued by the West Publishing Company of 



28 METHODS AND MATERIALS [§ 18 

St. Paul, Minn. Any particular case included in the re- 
ports of the United States Supreme Court, District, Cir- 
cuit, or Circuit Court of Appeals, and any case from other 
national courts or State courts, so far as included in the 
publications of the West Company, may be ordered by the 
name of the case (e. g., Ware v. Hylton) by forwarding 
twenty-five cents. In the lists of reports, the abbreviations 
are in the usual form of citations. 

"Dall." [1781-1800] Alexander James Dallas, Reports of 
Cases ruled and adjudged in the several Courts of the 
United States, and of Pennsylvania (4 vols., Phila., 
1790-1807). 

"Cranch" [1801-1815] William Cranch, Reports of Cases 
argued and adjudged in the Supreme Court of the 
United States (9 vols., Washington and N. Y., 1804- 
1817). 

"Wheat." [1816-1827] Henry Wheaton, Reports of Cases 
argued and adjudged in the Supreme Court of the 
United States (12 vols., Phila. and N. Y., 1816-1827). 

"Pet." [1828-1843] Richard Peters, Jr., Reports of Cases 
argued and adjudged in the Supreme Court of the 
United States (17 vols., Phila. and Boston, 1828-1843). 

"How." [1843-1860] Benjamin Chew Howard, Reports of 
Cases argued and adjudged in the Supj-eme Court of 
the United States (24 vols., Phila., Boston, and Wash- 
ington, 1843-1861). 

"Black" [1861-1862] Jeremiah Sullivan Black, Reports of 
Cases argued and determined in the Supreme Court 
of the United States (2 vols., Washington, 1862-1863). 

"Wall." [1863-1874] John William Wallace, Cases argued 
and adjudged in the Supreme Court of the United 
States (23 vols., Washington, 1870-1876). 

"Otto" [1875-1882] William Todd Otto, Cases argued and 
adjudged in the Supreme Court of the United States 



§ 18] HISTORICAL SOURCES 29 

(17 vols., Boston, 1876-1883). Also bears title 
United States Reports, Supreme Court, Vols. 91-107. 
"U. S." [1882-cont.] John C. Bancroft Davis, United States 
Reports: Cases adjudged in the Supreme Court (Vols. 
108- N. Y., 1884-cont.). 

(2) Unofficial Reprints and Condensations of Supreme 
Court Reports. 

"Pet. Cond." [1791-1827] Richard Peters, Jr., Condensed 
Reports of Cases argued and adjudged in the Supreme 
Court of the United States (6 vols., Phila., 1830-1834). 

"Curt. Dec." [1790-1854] Benjamin Robbins Curtis, Reports 
of Decisions in the Supreme Court of the United States, 
with Notes, and a Digest (21 vols, and 1 vol. Digest, 
Boston, 1855-1856; several subsequent editions). 

"Mill. Dec." [1855-1863] Samuel Freeman Miller, Reports 
of Decisions in the Supreme Court of the United States 
(4 vols., Washington, 1874-1875). — Condensed re- 
ports in continuation of Curtis. 

"S. C. R." [1882-cont.] Supreme Court Reporter: Cases argued 
and determined in the United States Supreme Court (St. 
Paul, 1883-cont.). — Issued at frequent intervals in 
preliminary fascicles, then in annual volumes. 

(3) Official Reports of Inferior Judicial Courts. 

No official reports of the district or circuit courts have 
been published, nor any systematic private reports till 
recently. The Court of Claims is included in Manuxil, 
below, among the administrative tribunals. When the new 
Circuit Courts of Appeals were established in 1891, an official 
series was established which continued till 1899 as follows: 
" U. S. App." [1891-1899] United States Courts of Appeals 
Reports: Cases adjudged in the United Slates Circuit 
Courts of Appeals (63 vols., N. Y., 1893-1899). 



30 METHODS AND MATERIALS [§ 18 

(4) Unofficial Reports op Inferior Judicial Courts. 

The lacuniB in the official sources have been very effi- 
ciently filled by three systematic publications, which in- 
clude all the decisions from district, circuit, and circuit 
appeals courts. There are similar publications of State cases 
arranged in geographical groups. 

"Fed. Cas." [1789-1880] The Federal Cases: Comprising 
Cases argued and determined in the Circuit and Dis- 
trict Courts of the United States from the Earliest 
Times to the Beginning of the Federal Reporter (30 
vols., and Digest, St. Paul, 1894-1898). — Over 18,000 
cases. 

''Fed. Rep." [1880-cont.] Federal Reporter: Cases argued 
and determined in the Circuit Courts of Appeals and 
Circuit and District Courts of the United States (153 
vols, and Digest of 6 vols, to 1907, St. Paul, 1880- 
cont.). 

"C. C. A." [1891-cont.] United States Courts of Appeals Re- 
ports: Cases adjudged in the United States Circuit 
Courts of Appeals (79 vols, to 1907, St. Paul and 
Rochester, 1892-cont.). 

(5) Collections op Constitutional Cases. 

For the use of large classes will be found convenient the 
standard collections of constitutional cases (national and 
State), of which there are three. All include some State 
cases. 

Carl Evans Boyd, Cases on American Constitutional Law 
(Chicago, 1898). — Briefest collection; chiefly from Thayer. 

Emlin McClain, A Selection of Cases on Constitutional 
Law (Boston, 1900). — A convenient collection of more 
than 1,000 pages, arranged in the same order as T. M. 
Cooley, Constitutional Law. 



§ 181 HISTORICAL SOURCES 31 

James Bradley Thayer, Cases in Constitutional Law, with 
Notes (2 vols., Cambridge, 1895). — Best collection, admira- 
bly selected and edited. 

(6) Cases in International Law. 

William Pitt Cobbett, Leading Cases and Opinions on 
International Law (2d ed., London, 1892). 

James Brown Scott, Cases on Irdernational Law (St. Paul, 
1906). 

Freeman Snow, Cases and Opinions on International Law, 
-with Notes and Syllabus (Boston, 1893). 

(7) Official Administrative Decisions. 

Besides the judicial tribunals there are several adminis- 
trative bodies which decide cases, and record their decisions 
in official series. The most important are the following: 

■"0pp. Att. Gen." [1791-cont.] Official Opinions of the Attor- 
neys General of the United States (25 vols, to 1906, 
Washington, 1852-cont.). 

^'U. S. Ct. Cl." [1863-cont.] Cases decided in the Court of 
Claims of the United States, with Abstracts of the De- 
crees of the Supreme Court in Appeal Cases (41 vols. 
to 1906, and Digest to 1875, Washington, 1867-cont.). 

*' Inters. Com. Rep." [1887-cont.] Interstate Commerce Re- 
ports: Decisions of the Interstate Commerce Commis- 
sion of the United States (11 vols, to 1906, Rochester, 
1887-cont.). 

*'Pat. D." [1869-cont.] Decisions of the Commissioner of 
Patents, and of the United States Courts in Patent and 
Trademark Cases (34 vols, to 1905, Washington, 
1869-cont.). 

"Pen. D." [1886-cont.] Decisions of the Department of the 
Interior in Appealed Pension and Bounty Land 
Claims; also a Table of Cases reported, cited, over- 



32 METHODS AND MATERIALS [§ 18 

ruled, and modified, and of Statutes cited and con- 
strued (16 vols, to 1906, Washington, 1887-cont.); 
also a Digest of Decisions and Opinions relating to 
Pensions and Bounty Land (Washington, 1897). 
"Land D." [1881-cont.] Decisions of the Department of the 
Interior and General Land Office in Cases relating to 
the Public Lands (34 vols, to 1906, Washington, 1887- 
cont.). 

(8) Federal Statutes and Treaties. 

United States, The Statutes at Large of the United States of 
America, . . . and Recent Treaties, Conventions, Executive 
Proclamations, and the Concurrent Resolutions of the Two 
Houses of Congress (33 vols, to 1905, Boston and Wash- 
ington, 1850-cont.). 

United States, Revised Statutes of the United States, . . . 
emhracing the Statutes of the United States, general and per- 
manent in their Nature, in force on the First Day of Decem- 
ber, one thousand eight hundred and seventy-three (Washing- 
ton, 1878). 

United States, Supplement to the Revised Statutes of the 
United States, Vol. I, second edition, revised and continued, 
1874 io 1891. . . . Embracing the Statutes, general and per- 
manent in their Nature, passed after the Revised Statutes and 
in force at the end of the Fifty-First Congress [1891] (Wash- 
ington, 1891). Vol. II, Statutes in force at the end of the 
Fifty-Sixth Congress [1901] (Washington, 1901). 

United States, Treaties and Conventions concluded between 
the United States of America and Other Powers (Washington, 
1889). 

United States, Revised Statutes of the United States relating 
to the District of Columbia, and Post Roads, . . . logeiher wiih 
the Public Treaties in Force on the First Day of December, 
1873 (Washington, 1875). 

William M. Malloy, Compilation of Treaties in Force. 



§ 19] HISTORICAL SOURCES 33 

Prepared under resolution of the Senate of February 11, 
1904 (Washington, 1904). 

(9) Digests of Federal Decisions and Statutes. 

Of late years there has been extraordinary activity in 
analyzing, cataloguing, and indexing the vast materials 
included in the statutes, treaties, and judicial decisions. 
The most suitable of such aids are the following: 

[1789-1890] A. J. Baker, Annotated Constitution of the 
United States (Chicago, 1891). 

[1789-1870] Frederick Charles Brightly, A Digest of the 
Decisions of the Federal Courts from the Organization of the 
Government to the Present Time (2 vols., Phila., 1868-1870, 
2ded. of Vol. II, 1872). 

[1648-1896] Century Edition of the American Digest. A 
Complete Digest of All Reported American Cases from the 
Earliest Times to 1896 (27 vols, to 1901, St. Paul, 1897-cont.). 

[1789-1891] Henry DeForest Clarke, Handbook of all the 
Decisions of the Supreme Court of the United States (Roches- 
ter, 1892). 

[1789-1891] Henry Gold Danforth, A Digest of the United 
States Supreme Court Reports from the Organization of the 
Court (2 vols., N. Y., 1885-1891). 

[1789-1884] Robert Desty, Constitution of the United 
States (2d ed., San Francisco, 1887). 

Federal Reporter Digest. A digest of the Federal Re- 
porter and the Supreme Court Reporter, also of United 
States Reports 106-202 (4 vols., St. Paul, 1900; and 
supplementary vols., 1903 and 1907). 

§ 19. Students' Handbooks in Diplomatic History (Course C). 

Text-books. Indispensable for every student are the 
following, costing together $8: 

(1) Manual of American History, Diplomacy, and Govern- 
ment (Cambridge, Harvard University, 1908). — This volume. 



34 METHODS AND MATERIALS [§ 19 

(2) John B. Moore, American Diplomacy, its Spirit and 
Achievements (N. Y., Harpers, 1905). — Arranged topically. 

(3) John W. Foster, A Century of American Diplomacy, 
1776-1876 (Boston, Houghton, Mifflin & Co., 1900).— 
Arranged chronologically. 

(4) Albert Bushnell Hart, The Foundations of American 
Foreign Policy (N. Y., Macmillan, 1901). — Arranged topi- 
cally, with bibliography. 

Essential Reference Books: 

(1) William Edward Hall, International Law (4th ed., Ox- 
ford, 1880). — The best single- volume treatise, with many 
references to American precedent. 

(2) William M. Malloy, Compilation of Treaties in Force 
(Washington, 1904). 

(3) United States, Treaties and Conventions concluded be- 
tween the United States and Other Powers (Washington, 
1889). 

(4) John Bassett Moore, Digest of International Law (8 
vols., Washington, 1906). — Invaluable extracts from official 
instructions, opinions, and despatches. 

(5) John Bassett Moore, History and Digest of the Arbitra- 
tions to which the United States has been a party, etc. (6 vols., 
Washington, 1898). — Includes many capital narratives of 
diplomatic controversies. 

(6) John B. Henderson, American Diplomatic Questions 
(1901). — Takes up a few special questions, and follows 
them through. 

§ 20. Students' Handbooks in Brief Diplomatic History 
(Course D), 
Text-books. The three following volumes costing about 

$7: 

(1) Manual of American History, Diplomacy, and Govern- 
ment (Cambridge, Harvard University, 1908). — This volume. 

(2) John W. Foster, Century of American Diplomacy, 
1776-1876 (Boston, Houghton, Mifflin & Co., 1900). 



§ 21] DIPLOMATIC COLLECTIONS 35 

(3) John B. Moore, American Diplomacy, its Spirit and 
Achievements (N. Y., Harpers, 1905). 
Essential Reference Books: 

(1) John W. Foster, American Diplomacy in the Orient 
(Boston, 1903). 

(2) WilUs Fletcher Johnson, Four Centuries of the Panama 
Canal (N. Y., 1906). 

(3) John Bassett Moore, A Digest of International Law 
(8 vols., Washington, 1906). 

(4) United States, Treaties and Conventions concluded 
between the United States and Other Powers (Washington, 
1889). 

§ 21. Special Collection in American Diplomacy (Courses G 
and D). 

In the selection of handy books for the study of American 
diplomacy, help may be found in Albert Bushnell Hart, 
The Foundations of American Foreign Policy, ch. viii, 
which is a brief classified bibliography. 

American History Leaflets, Nos. 2, 3, 6, 7, 14, 19, 34 (N. Y., 
1892-1907). — Reprints of significant correspondence, treat- 
ies, etc. 

Alfred T. Mahan, The Influence of Sea Power upon His- 
tory, 1660-1783 (Boston, 1890). — A very important book. 

Freeman Snow, Cases and Opinions in International Law 
(Boston, 1893). — Apposite illustrations. 

Ira Dudley Travis, The History of the Clayton-Bidwer 
Treaty (Ann Arbor, 1900). — Standard authority on the 
subject. 

John W. Foster, The Practice of Diplomacy (N. Y., 1906). 
— On usages. 

James Morton Callahan, Diplomatic History of the South- 
ern Confederacy (Baltimore, 1901). — Standard on the subject. 

John W. Foster, American Diplomacy in the Orient 
(Boston, 1903). 



36 METHODS AND MATERIALS [§ 21 

For $70 may be bought the text-books, essential refer- 
ence books, the volumes above mentioned, and the follow- 
ing: J. D. Richardson, Compilation of the Messages and 
Papers of the Presidents, 1789-1897 (10 vols., Washington, 
1896-1899). 

Frederic Bancroft, Life of William H. Seward (2 vols., 
N. Y., 1900). 

James Morton Callahan, American Relations in the Pacific 
and Far East, 1784-1900 (Baltimore, 1901). 

James Morton Callahan, Cuba and International Relations 
(Baltimore, 1899). 

T. B. Edgington, The Monroe Doctrine (Boston, 1905). 

Lowrie and Clarke, American State Papers, Foreign (6 
vols., Washington, 1832-1859). — Only at second-hand. 

Alfred T. Mahan, The Interest of America in Sea Powers, 
Present and Future (Boston, 1897). 

For $120 the collector should seek, in addition to the $70 
set, for the collected works of John Adams. Benjamin 
Franklin, John Jay, Abraham Lincoln, William H. Seward, 
and Daniel Webster; for Wharton, Correspondence of the 
American Revolution, and for any volumes of the Diplo- 
matic Correspondence or Foreign Relations (since 1861). 

§22. Students' Handbooks in American Government (Course £). 
Text-books (costing $8): 

(1) Manual of American History, Diplomacy, and Govern- 
ment (Cambridge, Harvard University, 1908). — This volume. 

(2) Albert Bushnell Hart, Actual Governrnent (N. Y., 
Longmans, Green & Co., 3d ed., 1908). 

(3) James Bryce, The American Commonwealth (2 vols., 
3d ed., N. Y., Macmillan, 1901). 

Essential Reference Books: 

(1) M. P. Follett, The Speaker of the House of Representa- 
tives (N. Y., 1896). — The best study of the workings of 
Congressional government. 



§ 23] GOVERNMENT COLLECTIONS 37 

(2) Frank J. Goodnow, Principles of Administrative Law 
(N. Y., 1906). — To a large degree a treatise on American 
practical government, as established by court decisions; 
also valuable on State and local government. 

Westel W. Willoughby, editor, The American State Series 
(8 vols., N. Y., 1904-1908), as follows: 

(3) Westel Woodbury Willoughby, The American Con- 
stitutional Syste^n (N.Y., 1904). 

(4) William Franklin Willoughby, Territories and Depen- 
dencies of the United States. — Their Government and Ad- 
ministration (N. Y., 1905). 

(5) Frank J. Goodnow, City Government in the United 
States (N. Y., 1904). 

(6) Jesse Macy, Party Organization and Machinery (N. Y., 
1904). 

(7) Paul S. Reinsch, American Legislatures and Legislative 
Methods (N. Y., 1907). 

(8) Simeon E. Baldwin, The American Judiciary (N. Y., 
1905). 

(9) John A. Fairlie, Local Govcrnmenis in Counties, Towns, 
and Villages (N. Y., 1906). 

(10) J. H. Finley, The American Executive and Executive 
Methods (N. Y., 1908). 

§ 23. Students' Handbooks in Brief American Government 
(Course F). 

Text-books (costing S5) : 

(1) Manual of American History, Diplomacy, and Govern- 
7nent (Cambridge, Harvard University, 1908). — This volume. 

(2) Albert Bushnell Hart, Actual Government (3d ed., 
N. Y., Longmans, 1908). 

(3) Frank J. Goodnow, City Government in the United 
States (N. Y., Century Co., 1904). 

Essential Reference Books: 

(1) W. W. Willoughby, The American Constitutional 
System (1904). 



38 METHODS AND MATERIALS [§ 23 

(2) Jesse Macy, Party Organization and Machinery (1904). 

(3) M. P. FoUett, The Speaker of the House of Represen- 
tatives (1896). 

(4) J. A. Fairlie, The National Administration of the 
United Siates of America (N. Y., 1905). 

§ 24. Special Collection in Government (Courses E and F). 

For bibliography of the materials on government in the 
United States see Albert Bushnell Hart, Actual Government 
(N. Y., 3d ed., 1908), for a brief list of general books and 
some topical bibliographies. In J. N. Larned, The Lit- 
erature of American History, A Bibliographical Guide (N. Y., 
1902), will be found comment, criticism, and descriptions of 
treatises and discussions of American government. Brook- 
ings and Ringwalt, Briefs for Debate (N. Y., 1896), in part 
incorporated in R. C. Ringwalt, Briefs on Public Questions 
(N. Y. 1906), has seventy-five briefs, with detailed refer- 
ences, chiefly on governmental subjects. 

W. J. Ashley, American Federal State (N. Y., 1902). 

Edward Channing, Town and County Government in the 
English Colonies of North America (Baltimore, 1884). 

Thomas M. Cooley, A Treatise on Constitutional Limita- 
tions (6th ed., Boston, 1890). 

Davis R. Dewey, Financial History of the United States 
(Am. Citizen Series, N. Y., 1902). 

John A. Fairlie, Municipal Administration (N. Y., 1901). 

John A. Fairlie, The National Administration of the 
United States of America (N. Y., 1905). 

C. R. Fish, Civil Service and the Patronage (N. Y., 1905). 

Henry Jones Ford, The Rise and Growth of American Poli- 
tics (N. Y., 1898). 

John Dean Goss, The History of Tariff Administration in 
the United States (Columbia University Series, N. Y., 1891). 

Albert Bushnell Hart, Practical Essays in American Gov- 
ernment (N. Y., 1893). 



§24] GOVERNMENT COLLECTIONS 39 

H. Von Hoist, Constitutional Law of the United States 
(Mason's translation, Chicago, 1887). 

John Alexander Jameson, A Treatise on Constitutional 
Conventions (4th ed., Chicago, 1887). 

A. Lawrence Lowell, Essays on Government (Boston, 1889). 

Jesse Macy, Political Parties (N. Y., 1900). 

James D. Richardson, A Compilation of the Messages and 
Papers of the Presidents, 1789-1897 (10 vols., Washington, 
1896-1899). 

Theodore Roosevelt, Essays on Practical Politics (N. Y., 
1888). , 

Joseph Story, Commentaries on the Constitution (2 vols., 
Cooley, 4th ed., Boston, 1873). 

Alexis de Tocqueville, Democracy in America (2 vols., 
1835-1840; several translations). 

James A. Woodburn, Political Parties and Party Problems 
(N. Y., 1903). 



Part II 
LECTURES AND READINGS 

§ 25. Character of the Lectures. 

The historical and diplomatic lectures are not intended 
to form a continuous narrative, or to present detailed state- 
ments of fact, except in cases where information in books is 
scanty or inaccessible; they are designed to show the rela- 
tion between facts, to point out causes and effects, to set in 
relief the principal public men, and to develop principles. 
Every student will be expected to take his own notes, and 
to add to them from his reading. The lectures will be 
illustrated by special maps and charts. The lecturer will 
always welcome requests from students for a clearer state- 
ment of any point, or for the treatment of omitted subjects. 
The topics proposed to be taken up in each lecture may be 
seen below (Manual, §§ 28-86). 

In Courses E and F the lectures are indispensable to an 
understanding of the subject, since they are in some degree 
based upon materials little accessible in books, and con- 
tain illustrations taken from the current practice of govern- 
ment in the United States. The lectures will be illustrated 
by maps and charts. A list of the topics treated will be 
found below (Manual, §§ 87-133). 

§ 26. Historical Geography. 

An essential part of the work in all the courses will be 
some study of the historical geography of the United States. 
This will include a sketch of the physical characteristics of 
the country and their influence on its history; a general 
knowledge of the territorial growth of the United States; 



§ 27] HISTORICAL 41 

the more important political subdivisions; an understanding 
of the relations between the slavery question and historical 
geography; and a knowledge of the geography of our de- 
pendencies. The data will be furnished in lectures, illus- 
trated by maps. The things to be remembered are few 
and simple, but they are very important. 

The authorities on the historical geography of the United 
States are enumerated and described in Channing and Hart, 
Guide. The Epochs of American History contains a series 
of maps, which are gathered together and republished in 
Albert Bushnell Hart, Epoch Maps illustrating American 
History. The American Nation contains about 150 maps, 
which, used together, practically make up an atlas of Ameri- 
can History. The best school text-books in American 
history — as Channing, Gordy, Johnston (MacDonald's ed.), 
McLaughlin, — have good and abundant historical maps. 

For geographical details see Lists of Lectures in all the 
subjects {Manual, §§ 28-133). 

§ 27. Personality. 

History is the record of the activity of men, and neither 
narrative nor description is complete unless we can feel the 
personality of those who have most affected the course of 
events. Throughout all the courses, therefore, the attempt 
will be made to bring out the human side, to portray indi- 
viduality, to show the marvelous effect of leadership. 

United States History (Courses A and B). The great 
Americans will be taken up from time to time in connec- 
tion with the events and policies which best illustrate their 
character and services; and suitable readings on this phase 
of the course are indicated in the list of lectures (Manual, 
§§28-54). 

Diplomatic History (Courses C and D). The personal 
side is rather less evident; but the diplomats, American and 
foreign, who have affected negotiations and treaties, and 



42 LECTURES AND READINGS [§ 27 

have done most to establish principles of international law, 
will be discussed as they come along {Manual, §§ 64-86). 

American Government (Courses E and F). The force of 
individuality is less marked because we deal with general 
practice established 1)y millions of separate individuals in 
localities, municipalities, and States; nevertheless, a few 
men who have set their mark on the theories and workings 
of our governments will be mentioned (Manual, §§ 96-133). 

For the characterization of public men the most con- 
venient books are the formal biographies: select list in 
Channing and Hart, Guide, § 25. Longer list in Fletcher^ 
Literature of American History. The aids for a study of 
biography are described below {Manual, § 235). For a 
list of encyclopedias and biographical dictionaries, Chan- 
ning and Hart, Guide, § 17. There are several series of 
handy collected biographies, of which the following is a 
list: 

Jared Sparks, editor, American Biographies (25 vols., Bos^ 
ton, 1834-1848). — Written by Sparks and others under his 
editorship, often very well done. 

John T. Morse, Jr., editor, American Statesmen (37 vols. 
and index vol., Boston, Houghton, Mifflin & Co., 1898- 
1907). — All the volumes of this series, begun about 1880, 
have been recently revised, and a new edition issued, but 
the older editions are almost equally desirable. 

Beacon Biographies (25 vols, to 1901, Boston, Small, May- 
nard & Co., 1899-). — - Brief and pungent biographies, espe- 
cially aimed to bring out character and public service. 

Makers of America (18 vols., N. Y., Dodd, Mead & Co., 
1890-1892). 

Riverside Biographies (9 vols, to 1901, Boston, Houghton, 
Mifflin & Co., 1900-). 

Biographical History of the United States (N. Y., Double- 
day, Page &Co., 1902-). 

The "True" Biographies (Phila., Lippincott). 



§ 28] HISTORICAL 43 

§ 28. (1789-1907) Ninety Lectures on Constitutional and 
Political History of the United States (Course A). 

Course A (History 13) covers the period from the end of 
the Confederation to the closing of the Spanish War. 
The first half-year will include the period 1789 to 1837; the 
second half-year will continue from 1837 to 1903. 

Whenever the name of a statesman appears in the title 
of a lecture, he is chosen as typifying the subject of that 
lecture. 

In connection with the groups of lectures will be found 
suggestions for parallel readings; and on each of the lec- 
tures is a body of special significant references. These 
readings do not include references to the text-books, 
acquaintance with which is taken for granted. The list of 
lectures also shows the relation of the weekly papers to the 
lectures. 

Exact titles of most of the books to which reference is 
made will be found in the Guide (use the asterisks in the 
index), or in Fletcher, Literature of American History (use 
the index). 

The abbreviated references in the List of Lectures are as 
follows: 

Actual Government — Albert Bushnell Hart, Actual Gov- 
ernment as applied under American Conditions (3d ed., N. Y., 
1908). 

Contemporaries — Albert Bushnell Hart, American His- 
tory told by Contemporaries (4 vols., N. Y., 1897-1901). 

Guide — Edward Channing and Albert Bushnell Hart, 
Guide to the Study of American History (Boston, 1896). 

Manual — This volume (Cambridge, 1907). 

Source-Book — Albert Bushnell Hart, Source-Book of 
American History (N. Y., 1900). 



44 LECTURES AND READINGS [§ 29 

§ 29. (1607-1789) Readings on Elements of United States 
History. 

Bibliography.— MawwaZ, §§ 29, 30; Guide, §§ 86-156; A. 
B. Hart, National Ideals (Am. Nation, XXVI), ch. xix; New 
Eng. Hist. Teachers' Association, Historical Sources, §§ 73- 
79. 

Secondary Readings. — A. B. Hart, National Ideals (Am. 
Nation, XXVI), chs. v, vi; J. S. Bassett, Federalist System 
(Am. Nation, XI), chs. xi, xiii; E. E. Sparks, United States, 

I, chs. i-vi; J. S. Landon, Constitutional Hist., 1-64. 
Additional Readings. — J. Story, Commentaries, §§ 159- 

198; B. A. Hinsdale, Am. Government, 25-72; Cambridge 
Modern Hist., VII, chs. i-iii; Goldwin Smith, United States, 
ch. i; W. E. H. Lecky, England in the Eighteenth Century, 
ch. xii; G. 0. Trevelyan, Am. Revolution, I, chs. ii, iii. 

Sources. — Contemporaries, I, §§ 90-96, 150-152, 169-172; 

II, §§45-53, 80, 108; Source-Book, §§ 5-70; Am. Hist. Leaf- 
lets, Nos. 5, 14, 16; W. MacDonald, Select Documents, Nos. 
1-5; M. Hill, Liberty Documents, chs. xii-xvii. 

§ 30. (1607-1789) Lectures on Elements of United States 
History. (Lects. 1-7.) 

Lect. 1. Aims and Methods of the Course: scope; 
point of view; use of books; parallel reading; class- 
room papers; library reports; lectures; note-taking; 
examinations; essential books. 

See description of the course and its methods in 
Manual, §§ 1-7, 18-27. 

Lect. 2. Authorities and how to use them: text- 
books; secondary books; sources; libraries; indexes; 
collections; standard authors. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§ 10-24, 135; Guide, §§ 15-36, 
43-76; Am. Nation, critical essays at the end of each 



§ 30] HISTORICAL 45 

volume; Contemporaries, III, §§ 1-9; IV, §§ 1-6; J. N. 
Larned, Literature of Am. Hist.; W. E. Foster, Refer- 
ences to Presidential Administrations; New England Hist. 
Teachers' Association, Historical Sources in Schools, and 
Syllabus for Secondary Schools. 

[Class-room Paper No. 1. — Use of Constitutional 
Authorities. — Manual, § 135.] 

Lect. 3. (1492-1789) Territorial Elements op Ameri- 
can History: discovery; partition; independence; 
annexations; states; territories; subordinate divisions. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§26, 29, 167, 168, 171; Guide, 
§§77, 78, 144, 150. — Secondary Readings: A. B. Hart, 
National Ideals (Am. Nation, XXVI), chs. i, ii; L. Farrand, 
Basis of Am. Hist. (Am. Nation, II), chs. i, ii; C. H. Van 
Tyne, Am. Revolution (.4m. Nation, IX), ch. xv; B. A. 
Hinsdale, How to Study and Teach Hist., chs. x, xiv, xv. — 
Additional Readings: A. P. Brigham, Geographic Influ- 
ences on Am. Hist.; E. C. Semple, Am. Hist, and its Geo- 
graphic Conditions, chs. i-v. — Sources: Contemporaries, I, 
§§48, 54, 74, 153, 158; II, §§38, 39, 109, 134-137; Am. 
Hist. Leaflets, Nos. 16, 32; Old South Leaflets, II, Nos. 40-46. 

Lect. 4. (1607-1789) Development of the American 
People: races; immigration; population; occupations; 
literature; churches; Benjamin Franklin. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§ 99, 100, 192, 201, 225; Guide, 
§ 145. — Secondary Readings: A. B. Hart, National 
Ideals (Am. Nation, XXVI), ch. iii; E. E. Sparks, Expan- 
sion of the Am. People, 17-47. — Additional Readings: 
Cambridge Modern Hist., VII, ch. ii; C. D. Wright, Practical 
Sociology, §§ 9-32, 60-71; J. T. Morse, Benjamin Franklin; 
S. G. Fisher, True Benjamin Franklin. — Sources: Con- 
temporaries, II, §§ 80-108; Source-Book, §§ 28-35, 41-47. 



46 LECTURES AND READINGS [§30 

Lect. 5. (1780-1800) Political Theories of the Amer- 
icans: freedom; equality; participation; compact; rev- 
olution; federation; division of powers. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§101, 162, 199; Guide, §§ 142, 
146-149, 154-156. — Secondary Readings: A. B. Hart, 
National Ideals (Am. Nation, XXVI), chs. v, vi; H. Adams, 
United States, I., chs. iii-vi; W. W. Willoughby, Constitu- 
tional System, chs. i-ii; C. E. Merriam, Am. Political Theories, 
chs. i-iii. — Sources: Contemporaries, 111, §§25-30; Source- 
Book, §§ 64-70; A. Johnston, Am. Orations, I, parts i, ii; M. 
Hill, Liberty Documents, chs. xiv-xvii. 

Lect. 6. (1607-1789) Inheritance of Political Institu- 
tions: personal rights; judicial system; representation; 
written constitutions; parliamentary practice; the Em- 
pire; James Otis. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§ 101, 102, 136, 203; Guide, 
§§146, 147, 156. — Secondary Readings: A. B. Hart, 
National Ideals (Am. Nation, XXVI), chs. vii, viii; J. S. 
Landon, Constitutional Hist., ch. ii; J. Story, Commentaries, 
§§146-197. — Additional Readings: H. Taylor, Growth 
of Constitution, I, 1-77; J. K. Hosmer, Anglo-Saxon Free- 
dom; S. G. Fisher, Evolution of the Constitution; Wm. Tudor, 
James Otis. — Sources: Contemporaries, II, §§130-133, 
138-144; Source-Book, §51; M. Hill, Liberty Documents, 
chs. i-xii; A. Johnston, Am. Orations, I, 11-17; Old South 
Leaflets, Nos. 1-9. 

Lect. 7. (1776-1790) Making of the Federal Consti- 
tution: British Empire; New England Confederation 
(1643); Colonial Unions; Continental Congress (1775); 
Articles of Confederation (1781); Federal Convention 
(1787); Constitution of 1789. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§ 136, 203; Guide, §§ 154-156. 
— Secondary Readings: A. C. McLaughlin, Confederation 
and Constitution (Am. Nation, X), chs. xi-xviii; Cambridge 



§ 31] HISTORICAL 47 

Modern Hist., VII, ch. viii; A. Johnston, Political Hist. 
(Woodburn ed.), chs. iv, v. — Additional Readings: A. C. 
McLaughlin, A Written Constitution (Michigan Law Re- 
view, V, June, 1907); J. S. Landon, Constitutional Hist., 
chs. v-vii; E. E. Sparks, United States, I, chs. iv-vi; R. 
Hildreth, United States, III, chs. xlvii, xlviii; H. C. Lodge, 
George Washington, II, ch. i; S. H. Gay, James Madison, 
chs. vii-ix; A. C. CooUdge, U. S. as a World Power, ch. i; 
.€. E. Merriam, Theory of Sovereignty, chs. ix, x. — 
Sources: Contemporaries, III, §§ 54-75; Source-Book, §§ 64- 
70; Am. History Leaflets, Nos. 8, 28; Journxil of the Consti- 
tutiorml Convention in J. Elliot, Debates, I; Madison's notes 
in J. Elliot, Debates, V, and Gilpin, Madison Papers; A, 
Johnston, Am. Orations, I, 39-7L 

[Class-room Paper No. 2. — Theories of the Basis 
OF THE Federal Constitution. — Manual, § 136.] 

§ 31. (1789-1793) Readings on Organization of the Govern- 
ment. 

Bibliography. — Manual, §§ 32, 109, 112; Guide, § 56a 
(pp. 182, 183), §56/ (p. 190), §§ 154, 156; Actual Govern- 
ment, §§ 102, 120, 128, 135; A. C. McLaughlin, Confedera- 
tion and Constitution {Am. Nation, X), ch. xix; J. S. Bassett, 
Federalist System (Am. Nation, XI), ch. xx; New Eng. 
Hist. Teachers' Assoc, Historical Sources, § 80. 

Secondary Readings. — J. S. Bassett, Federalist System 
(Am. Nation, XI), chs. i-iii, xii; F. A. Walker, Making of 
the Nation, chs. ii-vi; E. E. Sparks, United States, I, ch. vii; 
J. T. Morse, Thomas Jefferson, chs. viii-x. 

Additional Readings. — J. S. Landon, Constitutional 
Hist., 125-146; J. Schouler, United States, I, ch. ii; R. Hil- 
dreth, United States, III, chs. xlvii, xlviii; IV, chs. i-vii; 
G. T. Curtis, Constitutional Hist., 1, chs. xvi-xxxvi (pp. 257- 
697) ; II, chs. i-vii (pp. 1 -191) ; S. H. Gay, James Madison, ch. 
x; J. T. Morse, Alexander Hamilton, chs. v-viii; H. C. Lodge, 
George Washington, chs. ii, iii. 



48 LECTURES AND READINGS [§31 

Source Readings. — Contemporaries, III, §§54-82; M. 
Hill, Liberty Documents, ch. xvii; Am. Hist. Leaflets, Nos. 8, 
18, 28, 30; Source-Book, §§ 71-76; Organizing Statutes in 
U. S. Statutes at Large, I; Old South Leaflets, Nos. 10, 38, 74; 
W. Maclay, Journal, passim. 

§ 32. (1789-1793) Lectures on Organization of the Govern- 
ment. (Lects. 8-16.) 

Lect. 8. (1790-1800) Social and Economic Conditions 
OF THE Americans: numbers; distribution; occupa- 
pations; social life; education; literature; commerce; etc. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§31, 32, 109-112; Guide, §48. 
— Secondary Readings: J. S. Bassett, Federalist System 
(Am. Nation, XI), chs. xi, xiii; A. C. McLaughlin, Confeder- 
ation and Constitution {Am. Nation, X), chs. xi, xiii; H. 
Adams, United States, I, chs. i, ii; J. B. McMaster, United 
States, I, 1-101; II, 1-24, 538-582; E. E. Sparks, Expan- 
sion of the Am. People, chs. viii-xvi. — Sources: Contem- 
poraries, III, §§ 10-24; Source-Book, § 72. 

Lect. 9. (1771-1801) The Early West: French settlers; 
Watauga; Kentucky and Tennessee; Ohio Company; 
other companies; Northwest Territory (1788); new 
states; frontier in old states; land; Western ideals. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§ 167, 168, 173; Guide, § 161.— 
Secondary Readings: G. E. Howard, Preliminaries of the 
Revolution {Am. Nation, VIII), ch. xiii; C. H. Van Tyne, 
Am. Revolution {Am. Nation, IX), ch. xv; A. C. McLaugh- 
lin, Confederation and Constitution {Am. Nation, X), ch. vii; 
E. Channing, Jeffersonian System {Am. Nation, XII), ch. 
iv. — Sources: Contemporaries, III, §§ 31-36; Source-Book, 
§§ 66, 67; Old South Leaflets, II, Nos. 40, 41. 

Lect. 10. (1789-1793) Organization of Congress: pre- 
cedents; election; speaker; vice president; committees; 
rules; salaries; statutes. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§ 111, 112, 130, 131; Guide, 



§ 32] HISTORICAL 49 

§ 157; Actual Government, § 102; E. McClain, Constitutional 
Law, §31. — Secondary Readings: J. P-. Bassett, Federa- 
list System (Am. Nation, XI), ch. i; M. P. FoUett, The 
Speaker, §§ 1&-31, 39, 130, 168; J. Schouler, United States, 
I, ch. ii. — Descriptive: Actual Government, ch. xiii; P. S. 
Reinsch, Am. Legislatures, chs. i-iii; C. H. Kerr, United 
States Senate, ch. ii. — Sources: Contemporaries, III, §§ 76- 
80; W. Maclay, Journal, 1-43; Annals of Congress, 1 Cong., 
2 Cong., passim. 

[Class-room Paper No. 3. — Doctrine of the Sepa- 
ration OP Powers. — Manual, § 137.] 

Lect. 11. (1789-1793) Organization of the Executive: 
precedents; election of 1789; inauguration; cabinet; 
appointments; dignity; question of removals; actual 
removals; relations to Congress; George Washington; 
etc. 

Bibliography: Manual, §§ 109, 110, 137, 212, 213; 
Guide, § 157; Actual Government, § 120; E. McClain, Consti- 
tutional Law, § 37. — Secondary Readings: J. S. Bassett, 
Federalist System (Am. Nation, XI), ch. i; E. E. Sparks, 
United States, I, ch. vii; J. Schouler, United States, I, ch. ii. 
— Additional Readings: H. C. Lodge, George Washington; 
P. L. Ford, The Real George Washington; E. C. Mason, Veto 
Power, chs. iii, vi. — Descriptive: Actual Government, chs. 
XV, xvi; E. McClain, Constitutional Law, ch. vi; J. A. Wood- 
burn, Am. Republic, ch. iii. — Sources: Contemporaries, 
III, §§ 79, 81; U. S. Statutes at Large, I, 28, 49, 65. 

Lect. 12. (1789-1801) Organization of the Judiciary: 
precedents; judiciary act (1789); courts; judges; sala- 
ries; appointments; cases; ex-parte opinions; declaring 
statutes void. 

Bibliography: Manual, §§ 113, 114, 137, 216, 217; Guide, 
§ 157; Actual Government, § 135; E. McClain, Constitutional 



50 LECTURES AND READINGS [§ 32 

Law, § 42. — ■ Secondary Readings: J. S. Bassett, Federa- 
list System {Am. Nation, XI), ch. i; J. Schouler, United 
States, 1, ch. ii; E. E. Sparks, United States, I, ch. vii. — • 
Descriptive: Actual Government, ch. xvii; S. E. Baldwin, 
Am. Judiciary, chs. viii, ix; E. McClain, Constitutional Law, 
ch. vii; W. W. WiWoughhy , Supreme Court; J. A. Woodburn, 
Am. Republic, ch. vi; H. L. Carson, Supreme Court, I, chs. 
x-xii. — Sources: U. S. Statutes at Large, I, 73; Reports of 
decisions of the Supreme Court, in Dallas and Curtis. 

Lect. 13. (1789-1793) Organization of a Financial 
System: balance sheet (1789); funding; assumption; 
tariff; excise; credit; bank; Alexander Hamilton. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§ 117, 118, 148; Guide, § 158; 
Actual Government, § 180; D. R. Dewey, Financial Hist., 
§ 33. — Secondary Readings: A. B. Hart, National Ideals 
(Am. Nation, XXVI), ch. xv; J. S. Bassett, Federalist Sys- 
tem (Am. Nation, XI), ch. ii; D. R. Dewey, Financial Hist., 
chs. iii, iv; H. Von Hoist, Constitutional Hist., I, ch. iii. — 
Additional Readings: H. C. Lodge, Alexander Hamilton; 
J. Schouler, United States, I, 180-182, 200-237; E. E. Sparks, 
United States, chs. viii, ix. — Descriptive: Actual Govern- 
ment, chs. iv, v; A. Johnston, Political Hist. (Woodburn ed.), 
ch. vii; H. White, Money and Banking, 278-291. — Sources: 
Contemporaries, III, §§ 82, 85; Source-Book, § 72; A. Hamil- 
ton, Report on Public Credit; U. S. Statutes at Large, I, 
24-54; Annals of Congress, 1 Cong., 2 Cong., passim; F. W. 
Taussig, State Papers and Speeches on the Tariff, §§ 1-108. 

Lect. 14. (1789-1795) Organization of a Commercial 
System: light-houses; shipping; coasting trade; coin- 
age; patents; copyrights; corporations; United States 
Bank. 
Bibliography: Manual, § 148; Guide, §§ 158, 159; 
Actual Government, § 207; D. R. Dewey, Financial History, 
§§33, 42. — Secondary Readings: J. S. Bassett, Feder- 



§ 32] HISTORICAL 51 

ulist System (Am. Nation, XI), ch. ii; D. R. Dewey, Finan- 
cial History, ch. iv; E. E. Sparks, United States, I, ch. ix. — 
Additional Readings: J. Story, Commentaries, §§ 1259- 
1271; Cambridge Modern History, VII, ch. ix; K. Coman, 
Industrial History, ch. v. — Sources: Contemporaries, III, 
.§§ 78, 82; A. Hamilton, Report on Manufactures; Report on a 
National Bank; Report on Coinage; Debates in Annals of 
Congress, 1 Cong., 2 Cong., passim. 

[Class-room Paper No. 4. — Implied Powers and 
THE General Welfare. — Manual, § 138.] 

Lect. 15. (1790-1801) National Questions of Slavery: 
numbers; colonial slavery; emancipation by states; the 
Constitution; petitions; slave trade; fugitives; terri- 
tories; District of Columbia. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§43, 44, 99, 100, 150, 152; 
{jruide, § 161, see Lects. 31, 47, below; M. S. Locke, Anti- 
Slavery in America, 199-231. — Secondary Readings: J. 
S. Bassett, Federalist System {Am. Nation, XI), ch. xii; 
W. E. B. DuBois, Suppression of the Slave Trade, §§ 44-47; 
M. S. Locke, Anti-Slavery in America, §§ 107-121; M. G. 
McDougall, Fugitive Slaves, §§ 1&-19; J. F. Rhodes, United 
States, I, ch. i. — Sources: Annals of Congress, 1 Cong., 
1 sess., 336-341, 903; 2 sess., 1182-1191; Resolution of 
March 23, 1790, Annals of Congress, II, 1473, 1474; Fugi- 
tive Slave Law, Feb. 12, 1793, Annals of Congress, 2 Cong., 
1 sess., App. 1414-1415. 

Lect. 16. (1781-1800) Development of Political Par- 
ties: colonial; Revolutionary; constitutional conven- 
tions; agriculture and commerce; sections; personal 
issues; Republicans; Federalists; party methods; elec- 
tion of 1792; election of 1796; Aaron Burr. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§ 103, 104; Guide, § 160; Actual 

Government, § 42. — Secondary Readings: A. B. Hart, 



52 LECTURES AND READINGS [§32 

National Ideals (Am. Nation, XXVI), ch. ix; J. S. Bassett, 
Federalist System (Am. Nation, XI), chs. iii, xix; A. John- 
ston, Political Hist. (Woodburn ed.), ch. xi; H. Von Hoist, 
Constitutional History, 1, ch. v; H. Adams, United States, I, 
chs. iii-v. — Additional Readings: J. Hammond, Political 
Parties in the State of New York, 1, chs. i-v; J. Macy, Politi- 
cal Parties, ch. ii; J. A. Woodburn, Political Parties, ch. ii; 
W. F.- McCaleb, Aaron Burr Conspiracy. — Sources: Con- 
temporaries, III, §§ 85-91. 

[Class-room Paper No. 5. — Development of Parties. 
— Manual, § 139.] 

§ 33. (1793-1801) Readings on Federalist Supremacy. 

Bibliography. — Manual, §§175, 176; Guide, §56a (p. 183), 
§ 566 (p. 190); J. S. Bassett, Federalist System (Am. Nation, 
XI), ch. XX. 

Secondary Readings. — J. S. Bassett, Federalist System 
(Am. Nation, XI), chs. ix-xix; H. C. Lodge, Alexander 
Hamilton, chs. vii-ix; E. E. Sparks, United States, 1, chs. 
viii-xiii; J. T. Morse, John Adams, chs. x, xi. 

Additional Readings. — J. T. Morse, John Adams, chs. 
X, xi; J. T. Morse, Thomas Jefferson, chs. viii-xii; R. Hil- 
dreth, United States, IV, passim; J. B. McMaster, United 
States, II, chs. viii, ix. 

SovRCBS.—Contemporaries, III, §§ 22, 23, 83-106; W. Mac- 
Donald, Select Documents, Nos. 13-23. A. Johnston, Polit- 
ical History (Woodburn ed.), I, chs. viii-xi; H. C. Lodge, 
George Washington, II, chs. ii-v. 

§ 34 (1793-1801) Lectures on Federalist Supremacy. (Lects. 
17-20.) 

Lect. 17. (1789-1796) Foreign Policy: status (1789); 
British questions; French Revolution; policy of isola- 
tion; neutrality; Genet; neutral trade; Jay Treaty 
(1794); Spanish treaty (1795); debates on Jay Treaty 
(1796); Edmund Randolph. 



§ 34] HISTORICAL 53 

Bibliography: Manual, §§ 175, 176; Guide, §§ 162, 163. 
— Secondary Readings: J. S. Bassett, Federalist System 
(Am. Nation, XI), chs. iv-vi, viii; J. B. McMaster, United 
States, III, ch. ix; J. W. Foster, Century of Am. Diplomacy, 
ch. v; A. Johnston, Political Hist. (Woodburn ed.); I, ch. 
viii; M. D. Conway, Edmund Randolph, I (see Index). — 
Sources: Contemporaries, III, §§92-97; M. Hill, Liberty 
Documents, ch. xviii; Am. State Papers, Foreign Affairs, 
I; W. MacDonald, Select Documents, Nos. 13, 14; A. John- 
ston, Am. Orations, I, 84-130. 

Lect. 18. (1793-1800) Internal Order and French 
Imbroglio: frontier; excise; Whiskey Rebellion (1794); 
militia acts (1792, 1795); Fries Insurrection (1799); 
Monroe's recall (1796); X. Y. Z. (1797); Adams's 
messages (1798); French War (1798); peace (1800). 

Bibliography: Manual, §140; Guide, §§163, 164. — 
Secondary Readings: J. S. Bassett, Federalist System 
(Am. Nation, XI), chs. vi, vii, xv, xvi; J. B. McMaster, 
United States, II, ch. viii; J. Schouler, United States, I, 
ch. iii; E. E. Sparks, United States, I, chs. xi, xii; A. John- 
ston, Political History (Woodburn ed.), I, ch. ix; A. C. 
Coolidge, U. S. as a World Power, ch. x. — Sources: Con- 
temporaries, III, §§ 93-95; Source-Book, § 75; Am. State 
Papers, Foreign Affairs, I; W. MacDonald, Select Docu- 
vients, Nos. 15, 16. 

[Class-rOom Paper No. 6. — Maintenance of Public 
Order. — Manual, § 140.] 

Lect. 19. (1797-1800) Alien and Sedition Acts and 
the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions: Public 
excitement; five statutes; Virginia and first Kentucky 
resolutions (1798); second Kentucky resolutions (1799); 
Madison's Report (1800); answers of the co-states; 
question of breaking up the Union. 



54 LECTURES AND READINGS [§ 34 

Bibliography: Manual, §§ 141, 149j 156; Guide, § 165. — 
Secondary Readings: J. S. Bassett, Federalist System 
(Am. Nation, XI), chs. xvii, xviii; J. B. McMaster, United 
States, II, chs. x, xi; J. Schouler, United States, I, ch. iv; H. 
Von Hoist, Constitutional History, I, 142-167; E. E. Sparks, 
United States, I, ch. xiii; A. Johnston, Political History 
(Woodburn ed.), I, ch. x. — Additional Readings: E. D. 
Warfield, Kentucky Resolutions; R. Hildreth, United States, 
IV, chs. xii, xiii; F. M. Anderson, Contemporary Opinion 
of Va. and Ky. Resolutions (Am. Hist. Rev., V, 45-63, 225- 
252, Oct., 1899, Jan., 1900). — Sources: Contemporaries ^ 
III, §§ 101-104; Am. Hist. Leaflets, No. 15; W. MacDonald, 
Select Documents, Nos. 16-23; A. Johnston, Am. Orations, 1, 
131-143. 

Lect. 20. (1800-1801) Overthrow of the Federalist 
Party: dissensions; Adams and the cabinet; French 
mission; judiciary act (1801); Hamilton's attack; nomi- 
nations; election of 1800; election of 1801; appoint- 
ment of Marshall. 
Bibliography: Guide, §166. — Secondary Readings: 
J. S. Bassett, Federalist System (Am. Nation, XI), ch. xix; 
H. Von Hoist, Constitutional Hist., I, 168-180; James 
Schouler, United States, I, ch. iv, § 2; J. B. McMaster, 
United States, II, ch. xi. — Additional Readings: A. 
Johnston, Political History (Woodburn ed.), I, ch. xii; J. T. 
Morse, John Adams. — Sources: Contemporaries, III, §§ 99- 
105; Source-Book, § 77. 

[Class-room Paper No. 7. — Doctrine of Interpo- 
sition. — Manual, § 141.] 

§ 35. (1801-1815) Readings on Foreign Complications. 

Bibliography. — Mam/a^, §§73, 74; Guide, §§167-173; 
E. Channing, Jeffersonian System {Am. Nation, XII), ch. 
xxi; K. C. Babcock, Rise of Am. Nationality {Am. Nation^ 



§ 36] HISTORICAL 55 

XIII), ch. xix; New Eng. Hist. Teachers' Assoc, Historical 
Sources, §§ 81-82. 

Secondary Readings. — E. Channing, Jeffersonian Sys- 
tem (Am. Nation, XII), chs. iii-vi, xiii-xx; K. C. Babcock, 
Rise of Am. Nationality {Am. Nation, XIII), chs, iii-x; 
J. B. McMaster, United States, III, chs. xiv, xviii-xxi; E. 
E. Sparks, United States, 1, chs. xvi, xvii. 

Additional Readings. — J. T. Morse, Thomas Jefferson, 
chs. xiii-xviii; J. A. Stevens, Albert Gallatin, 176-337; J. 
Schouler, United States, II; H. Von Hoist, Constitutional 
Hist., I, ch. v; A. Johnston, Political Hist. (Woodburn ed.)^ 
I, chs. xiii-xv; H. Adams, United States, 1. 

SovRCES. — Contemporaries, III, §§ 111-129; Source-Book, 
§§ 78-87; W. MacDonald, Select Documents, Nos. 24-32; 
Am. State Papers, Foreign Relations, II-IV. 

§ 36. (1801-1815) Lectures on Foreign Complications. 
(Lects. 21-26.) 

Lect. 21. (1801-1809) Thomas Jefferson: character; 
public experience; principles of government; foreign 
missions; army and navy; finances; election of 1804; 
the Federalists; John Randolph. 

Bibliography: Manual, §§ 73, 74; Guide, §§ 167, 171.— 
Secondary Readings: E. Channing, Jeffersonian System 
(Am. Nation, XII), chs. i, ii; H. Adams, United States, I, 
143-148, 185-217, 247-263; J. T. Morse, Thomas Jefferson, 
ch. xiii. — Additional Readings: A. Johnston, Political Hist. 
(Woodburn ed.), I, ch. xiii; J. B. McMaster, United States, 
III, chs. xiv, xvii; J. Schouler, United States, II, ch. v; 
E. E. Sparks, United States, I, ch. xiv; C. E. Merriam, Politi- 
cal Theories, ch. iv. — Sources: Contemporaries, III, §§ 106— 
110; Source-Book, §§ 77-81; A. Johnston, Am. Orations, I, 
156-163; T. Jefferson, Works, passim (see Manual, § 142). 



56 LECTURES AND READINGS [§ 36 

Lect. 22. (1800-1803) Annexation of Louisiana: de- 
posit question (1798); Miranda (1798); cession to 
France (1800); crisis in Congress; Monroe's Mission 
(1802); Livingston's negotiation (1803); treaty of ces- 
sion (1804-1805); boundaries; West Florida; territorial 
government; Napoleon Bonaparte. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§73, 74, 178; Guide, §168. — 
Secondary Readings: E. Channing, Jeffersonian System 
{Am. Nation, XII), chs. iv-vi; J. T. Morse, Thomas Jeffer- 
son, ch. xiv; A. B. Hart, Foundations, ch. vi. — Additional 
Readings: H. Adams, United States, II, chs. i-vi; H. Von 
Hoist, Constitutional Hist., I, ch. v; T. Roosevelt, Winning 
of the }Vest, IV, ch. vi; W. M. Sloane, Napoleon, II, chs. 
xviii, xxi, xxv, xxvi; J. B. McMaster, United States, III, ch. 
xiv; J. Schouler, United States, II, ch. v, § 2; E. E. 
Sparks, United States, I, ch. xv. — Sources: Contempo- 
raries, III, §§111-115; Source-Book, §78; W. MacDonald, 
Select Documents, No. 24. 

Lect. 23. (1803-1811) Neutral Trade and the Em- 
bargo: impressments; blockade; contraband; free ships; 
Rule of 1756; admiralty decisions; continental system; 
orders in council; decrees; non-importation (1806); 
Leopard-Chesapeake embargo (1807); non-intercourse 
(1808); election of 1808; negotiations; Macon Bill 
No. 2 (1810) ; James Jackson. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§ 177, 179; Guide, §§ 170, 
171. — Secondary Readings: E. Channing, Jeffersonian 
System (Arn. Nation, XII), chs. xv, xvi; K. C. Babcock, 
Rise of Am. Nationality (Am. Nation, XIII), ch. iii; J. 
B. McMaster, United States, III, chs. xviii, xix; J. T. Morse, 
Thomas Jefferson, chs. xvi, xvii. — Additional Readings: 
H. Adams, United States, IV, chs. iv-xix; H. Adams, John 
Randolph; E. E. Sparks, United States, I, ch. xvi; A. John- 
ston, Political Hist. (Woodburn ed.), I, ch. xv; J. W. Foster, 



§36] HISTORICAL 57 

Century of Am. Diplomacy, ch. vi. — Sources: Contempo- 
raries, III, §§116-122; Source-Book, §§79, 81; W. Mac- 
Donald, Select Documents, Nos. 27, 28. 

Lect. 24. (1801-1812) Economic Development: balance 
sheet (1801); economy; reduction of taxes; tariff acts; 
surplus; harbors; coast survey; report on internal im- 
provements (1808); steamboats; Cumberland Road; 
manufactures; Albert Gallatin. 
Bibliography: D. R. Dewey, Financial History, § 53. — 
Secondary Readings: K. C. Babcock, Rise of Am. Nation- 
ality {A771. Nation, XIII), 37-40; D. R. Dewey, Financial 
Hist., ch. vi; J. B. McMaster, United States, III, ch. xxii; 
C. D. Wright, Industrial Evolution, chs. x, xi. — Addi- 
tional Readings: H. Adams, Albert Gallatin, book iii; J. A. 
Stevens, Albert Gallatin, chs. vi, vii; K. Coman, Industrial 
Hist., ch. V. — Sources: Source-Book, §§88, 89; A. Gal- 
latin, Writings (H. Adams, ed.), I, passim. 

[Class-room Paper No. 8. — Jeffersonian Democ- 
racy. — Manual, § 142.] 

Lect. 25. (1811-1815) War of 1812: causes; Indians 
(1811); ultimatum; Congress; declaration (1812); elec- 
tion of 1812; Canada; sea-fighting; Washington; Maine; 
Oregon; Gulf; negotiations; peace of Ghent (1815); 
David Porter. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§73, 74; Guide, §172. — 
Secondary Readings: Edward Channing, Jeffersonian 
System (Am. Nation, XII), chs. xix, xx; K. C. Babcock, 
Rise of Am. Nationality {Am. Nation, XIII), chs. v-viii, x, 
xi; T. Roosevelt, Naval War of 1812. — Additional Read- 
ings: J. B. McMaster, United States, IV, chs. xxiv-xxvii; 
J. Schouler, United States, II, chs. viii, ix; H. Adams, United 
States, VI, VII; D. D. Porter, Commodore David Porter; I. 
N. Hollis, The Constitution. — Sources: Contemporaries, 



58 LECTURES AND READINGS [§ 35 

III, §§123-129; Source-Book, §§83-87; W. MacDonald, 
Select Documents, Nos. 29-31; A. Johnston, Am. Orations, I^ 
164-179, 205-215. 

Lect. 26. (1809-1815) Internal Opposition to the 
War: Federalists; John Henry (1809); Louisiana 
(1811); militia; enlistments; loans; trade with enemy;, 
Hartford Convention (1814); Josiah Quincy. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§73, 74; Guide, §173. — 
Secondary Readings: K. C. Babcock, Rise of Am. Nation- 
ality (A7n. Nation, XIII), ch. ix; E. E. Sparks, United 
States, I, ch. xvii; H. Adams, United States, VIII, ch. xi; 
J. B. McMaster, United States, IV, ch. xxviii; J. Schouler, 
United States, 461-476. — Additional Readings: H. Von 
Hoist, Constitutional Hist., 1, 219-272; T. Dwight, Hartford 
Convention; E. Quincy, Josiah Quincy, chs. ix-xiv. — 
Sources: Contemporaries, § 123; A7n. Hist. Leaflets, No. 35; 
A. Johnston, Am. Orations, 1, 180-204; W. MacDonald^ 
Select Documents, No. 32. 

§ 37. (1815-1829) Readings on Growth of National Sentiment, 

Bibliography. — Manual, §§77, 78; Guide, §§174-179; 
F. J. Turner, Rise of the New West (Am. Nation, XIV), ch. 
xx; K. C. Babcock, Rise of Am. Nationality (Am. Nation, 
XIII), ch. xix; New Eng. Hist. Teachers' Assoc, Historical 
Sources, § 83. 

Secondary Readings. — K. C. Babcock, Rise of Am. 
Nationality (Am. Nation, XIII), chs. xiii-xviii; F. J. Turner, 
Rise of the New West (Am. Nation, XIV), chs. i-v, xii-xiv;: 
Carl Schurz, Henry Clay, I, chs. vii-xi. 

Additional Readings. — E. E. Sparks, United States, I, ch. 
xix; A. Johnston, Political History (Woodburn ed.), I, ch. 
xvii; J. B. McMaster, United States, IV, V; J. Schouler,. 
United States, III; D. C. Oilman, James Monroe, chs. vi, 
vii; J. T. Morse, John Quincy Adams, ch. ii; T. Roosevelt, 
Thomas H. Benton, chs. iii, iv. 



§ 38] HISTORICAL 59 

Sources. — Contemporaries, III, §§ 130-150; Source-Book^ 
§§ 88-93; A. Johnston, Am. Orations, 1, part iv. 

§ 38. (1815-1829) Lectures on Growth of National Senti- 
ment. (Lects. 27-36.) 

Lect. 27. (1815-1819) F'inancial and Commercial Re- 
organization: balance sheet (1815); banks; currency; 
treasury notes; Tariff of 1816; Second Bank (1816); 
Bonus Bill; election of 1816; commercial panic (1819). 
Bibliography: Manual, §§ 77, 78; Guide, §§ 174, 176; 
D. R. Dewey, Financial Hist., § 65. — Secondary Read- 
ings: K. C. Babcock, Rise of Am. Nationality (Am. Nation, 
XIII), chs. xiii, xiv; F. J. Turner, Rise of the New West (Am. 
Nation, XIV), ch. ix; D. R. Dewey, Financial Hist., ch. vii; 
F. W. Taussig, Tariff Hist., 1-67. — Additional Read- 
ings: D. C. Oilman, Jarnes Monroe, ch. vi; J. B. McMaster, 
United States, IV, ch. xxx; A. Johnston, Political Hist. 
(Woodburn ed.), I, ch. xvii. — Sources: Contemporaries, 
III, §§129, 130, 132, 134; W. MacDonald, Select Docu- 
ments, No. 33. 

Lect. 28. (1815-1829) Internal Improvements: local 
canals; turnpikes; Cumberland Road; Madison's veto 
(1817); Erie Canal; other state canals; Monroe's veto 
(1822); rivers and harbors; survey system; subscrip- 
tions to stock; DeWitt Clinton. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§ 138, 143; Guide, §§ 176, 179. 
— Secondary Readings: K. C. Babcock, Rise of Am. 
Nationality (Am. Nation, XIII), ch. xv; F. J. Turner, Rise 
of the New West (Am. Nation, XIV), ch. xiii; W. MacDonald, 
Jacksonian Democracy (Am. Nation, XV), ch. viii. — 
Additional Readings: J. B. McMaster, United States, IV, 
ch. xxxiii; J. Renwick, DeWitt Clinton; A. B. Hart, National 
Ideals (Am. Nation, XXVI), ch. xvi. — Sources: Contem- 
poraries, III, § 131. 

[Class-room Paper No. 9. — Internal Improvements. — 
Manual, § 143.] 



60 LECTURES AND READINGS [§38 

Lect. 29. (1803-1824) The great Constitutional De- 
cisions: federalist courts; Marbury case (1803); im- 
peachments; jurisdiction of courts; powers of Congress; 
powers of executive; limitations on states; impairment 
of contracts; execution of decisions; John Marshall. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§ 144, 161, 216, 217; Guide, 
§ 175. — Secondary Readings: K. C. Babcock, Rise of 
Am. Nationality (Am. Nation, XIII), ch. xviii; J. B. Thayer, 
John Marshall; H. C. Lodge, Daniel Webster, ch. iii. — 
Sources: Contemporaries, III, § 133; M. Hill, Liberty Docu- 
ments, ch. xix; decisions in J. Marshall, Writings; J. Mar- 
shall, Works (Cotton ed.); Cranch and Wheaton, Reports; 
reprints in Curtis Reports, and select cases of Boyd, McClain, 
and Thayer. 

[Class-room Paper No. 10. — Impairment of Con- 
tracts. — Manual, § 144.] 

Lect. 30. (1807-1819) Disintegration of Spanish Amer- 
ica: English in Plata (1806); French in Spain (1807); 
Cortes (1809); revolts; Bourbon restoration (1814); 
second revolts; War of Separation (1817); revolts com- 
pleted; American commissioners; question of recogni- 
tion; San Martin. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§ 172, 182, 183; Guide, § 168. — 
Secondary Readings: E. Channing, Jeffersonian System 
(Am. Nation, XII), ch. xi; K. C. Babcock, Rise of Am. 
Nationality (Am. Nation, XIII), ch. xvii; J. H. Latane, 
Diplomatic Relations of the U. S. with Latin America; J. 
Schouler, United States, III, ch. x. — Additional Read- 
ings: A. L. Paxson, Independence of South Am. Republics. — 
Sources: Contemporaries, III, §§ 142-146, A7n. State Papers, 
Foreign Relations, III, IV (see Index); W. MacDonald, 
Select Documents, No. 34. 

Lect. 31. (1808-1829) Slavery and Anti-Slavery: slave- 
trade act (1807); Indiana; fugitives; piracy act (1820); 



§ 38] HISTORICAL 61 

societies; American Convention; petitions; increase of 

slaves; Benjamin Lundy. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§150, 152; Guide, §177. — 
Secondary Readings: A. B. Hart, Slavery and Abolition 
(Am. Nation, XVI), ch. xi; W. E. B. DuBois, Suppression 
of the Slave Trade, chs. viii-x. — Additional Readings: H. 
Von Hoist, Constitutional Hist., I, ch. viii; J. H. T. McPher- 
son, Liberia; M. G. McDougall, Fugitive Slaves, §§ 17-25, 
78. — Sources: B. Lundy, Journal; House Executive Docs., 
20 Cong., 2 sess.. No. 19. 

Lect. 32. (1819-1821) The Missouri Struggle: devel- 
opment of southwest; Missouri bill (1819); Arkansas 
Act (1819); Maine (1820); Missouri bill; deadlock; com- 
promise; reasons; danger to Union; where the victory; 
second compromise (1821); James Tallmadge. 
Bibliography: Guide, §177. — Secondary Readings: 
F. J. Turner, Rise of the New West (Am. Nation, XIV), ch. 
x; H. Von Hoist, Constitutional Hist., I, ch. ix; C. Schurz, 
Henry Clay, I, ch. viii. — Additional Readings: J. B. 
McMaster, United States, IV, ch. xxxix; J. Schouler, United 
States, III, ch. x, sect. 2; R. Hildreth, United States, VI, 
chs. xxxi, xxxii. — Sources: Contemporaries, III, §§135, 
136; Annals of Congress, 15 Cong., 2 sess.; 16 Cong., 2 sess. 
(see Index); A. Johnston, A?n. Orations, II, 3-101; W. Mac- 
Donald, Select Documents, Nos. 35-41. 

Lect. 33. (1821-1826) The Monroe Doctrine: Russian 

claims; sympathy with Latin America; recognition 

(1822); Canning's propositions; discussion; message 

(1823); "interposition"; "colonization"; effect; Panama 

Congress (1826); John Quincy Adams. 

Bibliography: Manual, §§ 77, 78, 145, 183; Guide, § 178. 

— Secondary Readings: F. J. Turner, Rise of the New 

West (Am. Nation, XIV), ch. xii; A. B. Hart, The Monroe 



62 LECTURES AND READINGS [§ 38 

Doctrine in its Territorial Extent and Application; W. C. 
Ford, John Quincy Adams and the Monroe Doctrine (Am. 
Historical Review, VII, 676-696). — Additional Readings: 
A. B. Hart, Foundations, ch. vii; J. T. Morse, John Quincy 
Adams, ch. ii; D. C. Gilman, James Monroe, ch. vii; J. B. 
Moore, Digest, VI, ch. xx; W. F. Reddaway, Monroe Doc- 
trine; G. F. Tucker, Monroe Doctrine; A. C. CooHdge, United 
States as a World Power, ch. v. — Sources: Contemporaries, 
III, §§ 147-150; Am. Hist. Leaflets, Nos. 4, 34; M. Hill, 
Liberty Documents, ch. xx; W. C. Ford, John Quincy Adams, 
his Connection with the Monroe Doctrine (Mass. Hist. Soc, 
Proceedings, Jan., 1902). 

[Class-room Paper No. 11. — Application of the 
Monroe Doctrine. — Manual, § 145.] 

Lect. 34. (1802-1829) The West in its Second Stage: 
Ohio (1802); emigration; products; markets; steam 
navigation; land travel; six new states (1811-1821); 
education; political influence; population (1830); 
Thomas H. Benton. 

Bibliography: Guide, §180. — Secondary Readings: 
E. Channing, Jeffersonian System (Am. Nation, XII), ch. 
vii; F. J. Turner, Rise of the New West (Am. Nation, XIV), 
chs. v-viii; E. E. Sparks, Expansion of the Am. People, chs. 
xvii-xxv; B. A. Hinsdale, Old Northwest, chs. xvi-xix. — 
Additional Readings: T. H. Benton, Thirty Years' View, 
I, chs. ii, v, XXXV ; T. Roosevelt, Thomas H. Benton, chs. i, 
ii. — Sources: Contemporaries, III, §§137-141; Source- 
Book, §§ 92-94. 

Lect. 35. (1789-1829) Changes in State and Muni- 
cipal Government: new constitutions; suffrage; rota- 
tion; limitations on legislatures; elective judiciary; 
elective municipal officials; city councils; increased 
functions; political sentiment; Martin Van Buren. 



§ 39] HISTORICAL 63 

Bibliography: Manual, § 207. — Secondary Readings: 
A. B. Hart, National Ideals {Am. Nation, XXVI), ch. vii; 
F. J. Turner, Rise of the New West {Am. Nation, XIV), ch. 
xviii; J. B. McMaster, United States, V, ch. xliv. — Addi- 
tional Readings: S. E. Baldwin, Modern Political Institu- 
tions, ch. iii; E. M. Shepard, Martin Van Buren; J. A. Fair- 
lie, Municipal Administration, ch. v. — Sources: J. D. 
Richardson, Messages and Papers, II, passim. 

[Class-room Paper No. 12. — State Authority over 
Local and Municipal Governments. — Manual, § 146.] 

Lect. 36. (1824-1829) Decline of the Presidency: 
Election of 1820; "Era of good feeling"; Election of 
1824; Election of 1825; "corrupt bargain"; Adams's 
policy; investigation of 1826; Indians; trouble with 
Georgia. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§109, 110; Guide, §179. — 
Secondary Readings: F. J. Turner, Rise of the New West 
{Am. Nation, XIV), ch. xvi; J. T. Morse, John Quincy 
Adams, ch. ii; C. Schurz, Henry Clay, I, chs. x, xi. — Addi- 
tional Readings: A. B. Hart, National Ideals {Am. Nation, 
XXVI), ch. xiv; H. Von Hoist, Constitutional History, 1, 
ch. xi. — Sources: Contemporaries, III, § 150; J. Q. Adams, 
Memoirs; president's messages in J. D. Richardson, Messages 
and Papers, II, passim. 

§ 39. (1829-1837) Readings on Democratization of the 
National Government. 

Bibliography. — Manual, § 147; Guide, §§ 180-185; W. 
MacDonald, Jacksonian Democracy {Am. Nation, XV), ch. 
xix; New Eng. Hist. Teachers' Assoc, Historical Sources, § 84., 

Secondary Readings. — W. MacDonald, JacA;somari De- 
mocracy {Am. Nation, XV), chs. iii-v, xi, xiv, xvii, xviii; J. 
B. McMaster, United States, VI, ch. Ivii; E. E. Sparks, 
United States, II, ch. i. 



64 LECTURES AND READINGS [§39 

Additional Readings. — H. Von Hoist, Constitutional 
Hist., 11, ch. i; C. Schurz, Henry Clay, II, chs. xiv-xxiii; 
J. S. Landon, Constitutional History, ch. x; J. Schouler, 
United States, III, ch. xiii; IV, ch. xiv; H. C. Lodge, 
Daniel Webster, ch. ii; W. G. Sumner, Andrew Jackson, 
chs. vii-xvi. 

Sources. — Contemporaries, III, §§ 151-164; W. Mac- 
Donald, Select Documents, Nos. 4&-68; Am. Hist. Leaflets, 
Nos. 24, 30; see references to Jackson's views in Manuul, 
§147. 

§ 40. (1829-1837) Lectures on Democratization of the Na- 
tional Government. (Lects. 37-45.) 

Lect. 37. (1829-1861) Social and Intellectual Con- 
ditions: numbers; distribution; cities; social life; edu- 
cation; literature; organizations; causes; religion and 
churches; Ralph Waldo Emerson. 
Bibliography: Manual, § 147; Guide, §180. — Sec- 
ondary Readings: W. MacDonald, Jacksonian Democracy 
{Am. Nation, XV), ch. i; B. Wendell, Literary History of 
America, books iv, v; A. B. Hart, Slavery and Abolition 
(Am. Nation, XVI), chs. i, ii. — -Additional Readings: 
J. Schouler, United States, III, 507-529; IV, 1-31; E. E. 
Sparks, United States, II, chs. i, ii; A. B. Hart, National 
Ideals (Am. Nation, XXVI), ch. xii; J. B. McMaster, 
United States, VI, ch. Ivi; C. D. Wright, Industrial Evolution, 
chs. x, xi; J. E. Cabot, Ralph Waldo Emerson. — Sources: 
Contemporaries, III, §§ 151-157. 

Lect. 38. (1829-1837) Andrew Jackson: early life; mili- 
tary service; candidacy; inaugural; Westerner; distrust 
of corporations; sense of responsibility; friends; enemies; 
kitchen cabinet; principles of government. 
Bibliography: Manual, § 147; Guide, § 181. — Sec- 
ondary Readings: W. MacDonald, Jacksonian Democracy 



§ 40] HISTORICAL 65 

{Am. Nation, XV), ch. iv; W. G. Brown, Andrew Jackson. — 
Additional Readings: J. B. McMaster, United States, VI, 
54-68; J. A. Woodburn, Political Parties, ch. iv; J. Macy, 
Political Parties, ch. iv; H. Von Hoist, Constitutional Hist., 

II, ch. i; W. G. Sumner, Andrew Jackson; C. E. Merriam, 
Political Theories, ch. v; E. Stanwood, Hist, of the Presi- 
dency, chs. xi-xiv. — Sources: Contemporaries, III, §§ 162, 
163; Jackson in J. D. Richardson, Messages and Papers, II, 

III, passim, see Manual, § 147. 

[Class-room Paper No. 13. — Jacksonian Democracy. 
— Manual, § 147.] 

Lect. 39. (1829-1861) The National. Civil Service: 
status in 1829; practice of appointments; of confirma- 
tions; removals; four years' tenure act (1820); Jack- 
son's appointments; removals; reasons; Calhoun's pro- 
tests; later presidents; classification act of 1853. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§ 109, 110, 213; Guide, § 181; 

Actual Government, §128. — Secondary Readings: W. 

MacDonald, Jacksonian Democracy (Am. Nation, XV), ch. 

iv; C. R. Fish, Civil Service and Patronage, chs. v-vii. — 

Descriptive: L. M. Salmon, Appointing Power, chs. iv-vi; 

Actual Government, ch. xvi. — Sources: Contemporaries, 

III, §§ 158, 160. 

Lect. 40. (1829-1862) Public Lands: basis of 1780; 
policy of 1787; policy of 1800; policy of 1820; leased 
lands; speculation of 1836-1837; preemption act (1841); 
homestead (1862); canal grants; railroad grants; edu- 
cation grants; sales. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§ 115, 116; Guide, § 185; 
ActuM Government, § 146. — Secondary Readings: W. 
MacDonald, Jacksonian Democracy {Am. Nation, XV), ch. 
xvi; J. B. McMaster, United States, VI, 11-24; A. B. Hart, 
Practical Essays, No. 10. — Additional Readings: S. Sato, 
Public Lands. — Sources: Source-Book, §§ 103-106. 



66 LECTURES AND READINGS [§40 

Lect. 41. (1829-1861) Internal Improvements and 
Transportation: highways; Cumberland Road; state 
anals; railroads; Jackson's policy; state aid; land 
grants; harbors; rivers; Pacific roads; express; mail. 
Bibliography: Manual, § 143; Guide, § 185. — Sec- 
ondary Readings: W. MacDonald, Jacksonian Democracy 
(Am. Nation XV), ch. viii; A. B. Hart, Slavery and Aboli- 
tion (Am. Nation, XVI), ch. iii; J. B. McMaster, United 
States, VI, ch. Ixiii. — Additional Readings: E. R. John- 
son, Am. Railway Transportation, chs. i-viii; E. E. Sparks, 
United States, II, ch. v; J. Schouler, United States, IV, ch. 
xiv; J. S. Young, Cumberland Road; L. G. McPherson, 
The Working of Railroads. — Sources: Contemporaries, III, 
§§ 165-168; see also Manual, § 143. 

Lect. 42. (1824-1832) The Protective Tariff: bill of 
1820; tariff of 1824; tariff of 1828; young industries; 
administration; minimum; protests; tariff of 1832; 
Henry Clay. 

Bibliography: Manual, §§117-120, 221; Guide, §183. 
— Secondary Readings: F. J. Turner, Rise of the New 
]Vest (Am. Nation, XIV), chs. xiv, xix; W. MacDonald, 
Jacksonian Democracy (Am. Nation, XV), ch. v; F. W. 
Taussig, Tariff History, 74-110. — Additional Readings: 
J. Schouler, United States, IV, 58-94; J. B. McMaster, 
United States, VI, 127-137; W. G. Sumner, Andrew Jackson, 
chs. ix, xiii; C. Schurz, Henry Clay, I, chs. ix, xi. — Sources: 
Statutes at Large, IV, 25-30, 270-275, 583-594, 629-631. 

[Class-room Paper No. 14. — Political and Consti- 
tutional Issues of Protection. — Manual, § 148.] 

Lect. 43. (1820-1833) War on the Bank: Ohio suit 
(1824); Jackson's warnings; management; recharter 
bill (1832); veto; election of 1832; remq,val of deposits 
(1833); Nicholas Biddle. 



§ 40] HISTORICAL 67 

Bibliography: Guide, §§ 182, 184; D. R. Dewey, 
Financial Histonj, § 85. — Secondary Readings: W. Mac- 
Donald, Jacksonian Democracy (Am. Nation, XV), chs. vii, 
xiii; H. White, Money and Banking, 278-315; D. R. Dewey, 
Financial History, ch. ix. — Additional Readings: R. C. 
H. Catterall, Second Bank of the U. S.; J. Schoiiler, United 
States, IV, 132-187; J. B. McMaster, United States, VI, 
1-10, 183-212. — Sources: Source-Book, §102; Am. Hist. 
Leaflets, No. 24; W. MacDonald, Select Documents, Nos. 46, 
50-52, 54, 57-68. 

Lect. 44. (1828-1833) Nullification: precedents; atti- 
tude of South CaroUna; Exposition (1828); convention 
and ordinance (1832); Jackson's action; force act; 
compromise tariff of 1833; John C. Calhoun. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§141, 149; Guide, §183. — 
Secondary Readings: F. J. Turner, Rise of the New West 
(Am. Nation, XIV), ch. xix; W. MacDonald, Jacksonian 
Democracy (Am. Nation, XV), chs. v, ix; J. B. McMaster, 
United States, VI, 27-32, 51-56, 148-176. — Additional 
Readings: H. Von Hoist, Constitutional History, 1, ch. xii; 
E. E. Sparks, United States, II, ch. iv; D. F. Houston, Nul- 
lification; H. Von Hoist, John C. Calhoun. — Sources: 
Contemporaries, III, §§ 159, 161; Am. Hist. Leaflets, No. 30; 
W. MacDonald, Select Documents, Nos. 44, 45, 47-49, 53, 
55, 56; A. Johnston, Am. Orations, I, 303-319. 

[Class-room Paper No. 15. — Doctrine of Nulli- 
fication. — Manual, § 149.] 

Lect. 45. (1829-1837) Western Expansion: domestic 
emigration; foreign movement; Texas settlements (1819- 
1829); projects of purchase; isthmus projects; Oregon 
movement; Texan revolution (1835); Texan indepen- 
dence (1836). 
Bibliography: Manual, §§75, 76; Guide, §193. — 

;Secondary Readings: G. P. Garrison, Westwai'd Exten- 



68 LECTURES AND READINGS [§ 40 

sion (Am. Nation, XVII), chs. i, ii, vi; E. E, Sparks, United 
States, II, chs. vii, viii. — Additional Readings: J. B. 
McMaster, United States, VI, ch. Ixvi. — Sources: Contem- 
poraries, III, §§ 185, 188, 189; Source-Book, §§ 102, 104. 

§ 41. (1829-1842) Readings on Elements of the Slavery 
Question. 

Bibliography. — A. B. Hart, Slavery and Abolition (Am. 
Nation, XVI), ch. xxii; New Eng. Hist. Teachers' Assoc, 
Historical Sources, § 85. 

Secondary Readings. — A. B. Hart, Slavery and Abo- 
lition (Am. Nation, XVI), chs. iv-xix, xxi; M. G. McDougall, 
Fugitive Slaves, §§22-25, 41-45, 63-76; H. Von Hoist, 
John C. Calhoun, chs. iv-vi; W. E. Du Bois, Suppression of 
the Slave Trade, chs. ix, x; E. E. Sparks, United States, II, 
ch. vi. 

Additional Readings. — H. Von Hoist, Constitutional 
History, II, ch. ii; J. Macy, Political Parties, ch. vii; J. 
Schouler, IV, passim; J. B. McMaster, VI, chs. Iv, Ivi, Ix, 
Ixvii; J. F. Morse, John Quincy Adams, ch. iii. 

Sources. — Contemporaries, III, §§ 169-184; Source-Book, 
§§94-101; Am. Hist. Leaflets, Nos. 10, 30. — A. Johnston, 
Am. Orations, II. 

§ 42. (1829-1842) Lectures on Elements of the Slavery 
Question. (Lects. 46-50.) 

Lect. 46. (1830-1860) Incidents of Negro Slavery: 
numbers; races; personality; plantation life; family 
life; sale; manumission; discipline; fugitives; illegal 
trade; general character; Frederick Douglass. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§43,44; Guide, §186. — Sec- 
ondary Readings: A. B. Hart, Slavery and Abolition (Am. 
Nation, XVI), chs. vii, viii, xiii, xiv; J. F. Rhodes, 
United States, I, 1-95. — Additional Readings: J. B. Mc- 
Master, United States, VI, 231, 232, 491, 493, 605-609; 
C. W. Chesnutt, Frederick Douglass; F. L. Olmsted, Seaboard 



§42] HISTORICAL 69 

Slave States; M. G. McDougall, Fugitive Slaves, ch. iii. — 
Sources: Contemporaries, III, §§ 169-173; F. Douglass, 
My Bondage and Freedom. 

Lect. 47. (1830-1860) Social and Economic Effects 
OF Slavery: effect on whites; on negroes; slave codes; 
free negro; education; industries; political results; 
James G. Birney. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§45, 150; Guide, §186; see 
Lects. 15 and 31 above. — Secondary Readings: A. B. 
Hart, Slavery and Abolition {Am. Nation, XVI), chs. iv-x; 
J. F. Rhodes, United States, I, 303-380. — Additional Read- 
ings: J. B. McMaster, United States, VI, 69-78; A. B. Hart, 
Salmon P. Chase, 44-102; W. Birney, James G. Birney; 
H. C. Lodge, Daniel Webster, 275-332. — Sources: Con- 
temporaries, III, §177; IV, §§23-28; F. L. Olmsted, Sea- 
board Slave States, passim; The Pro-Slavery Argument, 
passim; S. D. Smedes, Memorials of a Southern Planter. 

[Class-room Paper No. 16. — Arguments for and 
against Slavery. — Manual, § 150.] 

Lect. 48. (1831-1860) The Abolition Movement: gene- 
sis; leaders; societies; press; literature; public meetings; 
principles; southern reception; northern reception; re- 
sponsibility; William Lloyd Garrison. 
Bibliography: Manual, §43; Guide, § 187. — Secon- 
dary Readings. — A. B. Hart, Slavery and Abolition (Am. 
Nation, XVI), chs. xii-xviii, xxi; E. E. Sparks, United 
States, II, ch. vi; J. B. McMaster, United States, VI, 271- 
298; H. Von Hoist, Constitutional History, II, ch. ii. — 
Additional Readings: J. Schouler, United States, IV, 202- 
228, 296-313; A. B. Hart, Salmon P. Chase, chs. iii, iv; O. 
Johnson, William Lloyd Garrison; Garrisons, William Lloyd 
Garrison, II, III. — Sources: Contemporaries, III, §§174- 
178; Source-Book, §§94-101; A. Johnston, Am. Orations, 
II, 102-114; Old South Leaflets, IV, Nos. 78-82. 



70 LECTURES AND READINGS [§42 

Lect. 49. (1831-1841) National Questions of Slavery: 
District of Columbia; petitions; gag resolutions; mails; 
Joshua R. Giddings. 
Bibliography: Manual, §150; Guide, §188. — Sec- 
ondary Readings: A. B. Hart, Slavery and Abolition (Am. 
Nation, XVI), chs. xvii, xviii; J. B. McMaster, United 
States, VI, 467-493. — Additional Readings: J. Schouler, 
United States, IV, 422-429; H. Von Hoist, Constitutional 
History, II, 120-146, 235-291; G. W. Julian, Joshua R. Gid- 
dings; A. B. Hart, National Ideals {Am. Nation, XXVI) ^ 
ch. iv. — Sources: Contemporaries, III, §§179-181; W. 
MacDonald, Select Documents, No. 69; A. Johnston, Am. 
Orations, II, 115-122; S. J. May, Memoir. 

Lect. 50. (1820-1850) Interstate and International 

Questions of Slavery: comity; fugitives; personal 

liberty bills; extradition; seamen acts; vessels in West 

Indies; L'Amistad; Creole; quintuple treaty (1841); 

cruising convention (1842). 

Bibliography: Manual, §§ 79, 80, 150, 187; Guide, 

§ 189. — Secondary Readings: A. B. Hart, Slavery and 

Abolition (Am. Nation, XVI), ch. xix; J. Schouler, United 

States, TV, 480-488; H. Von Hoist, Constitutional History, 

II, 312-329. — Additional Readings: A. C. McLaughlin, 

Lewis Cass, 176-190; M. G. McDougall, Fugitive Slaves, 

§§ 22-28, 36-50, 77-79. — Sources: Contemporaries, III, 

§§ 182, 183; Am. Hist. Leaflets, No. 10; J. Q. Adams,, 

Memoirs (see Index, volume XII). 

§ 43. (1841-1850) Readings on Territory and Slavery. 

Bibliography. — Manual, §44; Guide, §§196, 197; G. 
P. Garrison, Westward Extension {Am. Nation, XVII), ch. 
xxi; New Eng. Hist. Teachers' Assoc, Historical Sources, § 85. 

Secondary Readings. — G. P. Garrison, Westward Ex- 
tension {Am. Nation, XVII), chs. vi-xi, xv-xx; T. C. 
Smith, Parties and Slavery {Am. Nation, XVIII), ch. i. 



§ 44] HISTORICAL 71 

Additional Readings. — J. F. Rhodes, United States, 1; 
E. E. Sparks, United States, II, ch. viii; G. T. Curtis, Con- 
stitutional History, II, ch. viii; J. T. Morse, Abraham Lincoln, 
I, ch. iv; F. Bancroft, William H. Seivard, I, chs. xiv, xv. 

Sources. — Contemporaries, III, §§ 185-189; IV, §§ 7-22. 
Source-Book, § 106; W. MacDonald, Select Documents, No, 69. 

§ 44. (1841-1850) Lectures on Territory and Slavery. (Lects. 
51-56.) 

Lect. 51. (1840-1844) Whig Policy; Election of 1836 
panic of 1837; Election of 1840; legislative program 
accession of Tyler; bank bills; breach; tariff of 1842 
appointments; John Tyler. 
Bibliography: Manual, § 43; Guide, §191. — Sec- 
ondary Readings: G. P. Garrison, Westward Extension 
(Am. Nation, XVII), ch. iv; J. B. McMaster, United States, 
VI, 593-637. — Additional Readings: H. Von Hoist, Con- 
stitutional History, II, ch. vi; E. E. Sparks, United States, II, 
ch. vii; C. Schurz, Henry Clay, I, chs. xxii, xxiii. — Sources: 
L. G. Tyler, Letters and Times of the Tylers, II, chs. i-vi; 
Messages in J. D. Richardson, Messages and Papers, IV, 
passim. 

[Class-room Paper No. 17. — Governmental Powers 
of the States. — Manual, § 151.] 

Lect. 52. (1783-1846) Northeastern and Northwest- 
ern Boundaries: negotiations; treaty of 1783; dis- 
covery of Columbia (1792); commission of 1798; Lewis 
and Clark expedition (1806); joint occupation (1818); 
northwestern arbitration (1827-1831); Aroostook War 
(1838-39); Ashburton treaty (1842); Oregon treaty 
(1846). 
Bibliography: Manual, §§ 73, 74, 79, 80; Guide, 
§ 192. — Secondary Readings: G. P. Garrison, Westward 
Extension (Am. Nation, XVII), chs. v, xi; J. B. McMaster, 



72 LECTURES AND READINGS [§ 44 

United States, VI, 421-453. — Additional Readings: A. B. 
Hart, Foundations, ch. iii; H. H. Bancroft, Pacific States, 
XIV, ch. iii; XVII, ch. iii. — Sources: Senate Executive 
Documents, 48 Cong., 2 sess., No. 1, part ii, 373, 415, 432, 
438; H. Gallatin, Northeastern Boundary; J. B. Moore, 
Arbitrations, I, 1-215; W. MacDonald, Select Documents, 
No. 70, 74. 

Lect. 53. (1837-1845) Annexation of Texas: Jackson's 

hesitancy; Van Buren's objections; Texan overtures; 

Tyler's hopes; abolition protests; Mexican relations; 

annexation draft treaty (1844); Election of 1844; joint 

resolution (1845); admission; Sara Houston. 

Bibliography: Manual, §§79, 80; Guide, §193. — 

Secondary Readings: G. P. Garrison, Westward Extension 

(Am. Nation, XVII), chs. vi-x; J. Schouler, United States, 

IV, 302-308, 441-481; J. B. McMaster, United States, VI, 
458-463. — Additional Readings: H. Von Hoist, Consti- 
tutional History, II, ch. vii; III, ch. iii; G. P. Garrison, 
Texas, chs. xi-xxii; H. Bruce, Sam Houston. — Sources: 
Contemporaries, III, §§ 185-189; texts in Statutes at Large, 

V, 797-798. — W. MacDonald, Select Documents, No. 71. 

Lect. 54. (1846-1848) The Mexican War: causes; Slideli 
Mission (1845); Taylor's advance (1846); declaration; 
California; New Mexico; campaigns; capture of Mexico 
(1847); peace of 1848; Jaraes K. Polk. 
Bibliography: Manual, § 152; Guide, § 194. — Sec- 
ondary Readings: G. P. Garrison, Westward Extension 
(Am. Nation, XVII), chs. xiii-xv; J. Schouler, United 
States, IV, ch. xviii; E. E. Sparks, United States, II, ch. viii; 
E. G. Bourne, Essays in Historical Criticism, No. 9. — 
Sources: Contemporaries, IV, §§ 7-14; House Executive 
Documents, 29 Cong., 1 sess.. No. 196; Polk in J. D. Rich- 
ardson, Messages and Papers, IV, passim; W. MacDonald, 
Select Documents, Nos. 72, 73, 76. 



§ 44] HISTORICAL 73 

[Class-room Paper No. 18. — Ethics of the Mexican 
War. — Manual, § 152.] 

Lect. 55. (1846-1849) Wilmot Proviso and Crisis of 
Territorial Slavery: Polly's purposes; two million 
bill; Proviso (1846); military governments; organiza- 
tion of Oregon (1848); extension of the Constitution; 
executive regulations; supreme court; dead-lock; elec- 
tion of 1848; Lewis Cass. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§ 79, 80, 163, 219; Guide, 
§ 196. — Secondary Readings: G. P. Garrison, Westward 
Extension (Am. Nation, XVII), chs. xvi, xix; J. F. Rhodes, 
United States, I, 90-93. — Additional Readings: A. C. 
]\lcLaughlin, Lewis Cass. — Sources: Contemporaries, IV, 
§§ 15-18; Text of Wilmot Proviso, Feb. 1, 1847, Congres- 
sional Globe, 29 Cong., 2 sess., 303, and App. 

Lect. 56. (1849-1850) Compromise of 1850: Clay's reso- 
lutions; omnibus bill; Webster; Calhoun; Davis; 
Chase; Sumner; death of Taylor; acts passed; Texas; 
California; New Mexico; Utah; fugitives; domestic 
slave trade; Daniel Webster. 
Bibliography: Manual, §153; Guide, §197. — Sec- 
ondary Readings: G. P. Garrison, Westward Extension 
(Am. Nation, XVIII), ch. xx; T. C. Smith, Parties and 
Slavery (Am. Nation, XVIII), chs. i, ii; J. F. Rhodes, 
United States, I, ch. ii. — Additional Readings: E. E. 
Sparks, United States, II, ch. ix; J. Schouler, United States, 
V, 191-212; C. Schurz, Henry Clay, II, ch. xxvi; H. C. 
Lodge, Daniel Webster, ch. ix; N. Hapgood, Daniel Webster; 
A. B. Hart, Salmon P. Chase, ch. v. — Sources: Contem- 
poraries, IV, §§ 19-22; Source-Book, § 106; A. Johnston, 
Am. Orations, II, 123-218; W. MacDonald, Select Docu- 
ments, Nos. 78-83; Debates in Congressional Globe, 31 
Cong., 1 sess. 

[Class-room Paper No. 19. — Control of Acquired 
Territory. — Manual, § 153.] 



74 LECTURES AND READINGS [§45 

§ 45. (1850-1860) Readings on the Issue Joined. 

Bibliography. — Mawwa/, §46; Guide, §§200-203; T. 
C. Smith, Parties and Slavery {Am. Nation, XVIII), ch. xxi; 
New Eng. Hist. Teachers' Assoc, Historical Sources, § 86. 

Secondary Readings. — T. C. Smith, Parties and 
Slavery {Am. Nation, XVIII), ch. xvii; J. Schouler, United 
States, V, chs. xxi, xxii; E. E. Sparks, United States, II, chs. 
xi, xii; M. G. McDougall, Fugitive Slaves, §§ 26-32, 51-62, 
80-83. 

Additional Readings. — J. F. Rhodes, United States, 
II, III; W. G. Brown, Stephen A. Douglas, chs. ii-v; J. Macy, 
Political Parties, chs. xx-xxii; M. Storey, Charles Sumner , 
chs. vii-xi; J. F. Morse, Abraham Lincoln, I, chs. iv-vi; A. 
B. Hart, Salmon P. Chase, ch. v-vii. 

Sources. — Contemporaries, IV, §§34-48; Source-Book, 
§§ 110-112; Am. Hist. Leaflets, Nos. 2, 23; A. Lincoln, 
Works, I, 240 et seq. (debates with Douglas). 

§ 46. (1850-1860) Lectures on the Issue Joined. (Lects. 
57-63.) 

Lect. 57. (1850-1860) Fugitive Slaves: Shadrach; Chris- 
tiana (1851); Burns (1854); Wellington (1858); Booth; 
Underground Railroad; new personal liberty bills; 
effect on North; on South; Wendell Phillips. 
Bibliography: Manual, §45; Guide, §198; M. G. 
McDougall, Fugitive Slaves, Apps. A-D. — Secondary 
Readings: T. C. Smith, Parties and Slavery {Am. Nation, 
XVIII), ch. xix; M. G. McDougall, Fugitive Slaves, §§52- 
83; W. H. Siebert, Underground Railroad, chs. iii, vi, xi. — 
Additional Readings: J. F. Rhodes, United States, II, 
ch. x; J. Schouler, United States, V, 204-225, 294-296; T. W. 
Higginson, Wendell Phillips; C. F. Adams, Richard H. Dana, 
I, chs. xiv, XV. — ^ Sources: Contemporaries. IV, §§ 29-33; 
Source-Book, § 107; A. Johnston, ,4m. Orations, II, 219-340. 



§ 46] HISTORICAL 75 

Lect, 58. (1852-1854) Kansas Nebraska Bill and 
Cuba: Election of 1852; Western country; Indians; 
Nebraska bills (1849-1852); Nebraska bill (1854); 
Douglas's reports; Appeal of Independent Democrats; 
debate; passage; Black Warrior episode; Ostend Mani- 
festo; Stephen A, Douglas. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§154, 191; Guide, §199. — 
Secondary Readings: T, C. Smith, Parties and Slavery 
{Am. Nation, XVIII), ch. vii; A. B. Hart, Salmon P. Chase, 
ch. v; J. F. Rhodes, United States, I, 421-500; II, 10-42; 
J. Schouler, United States, V, 280-293. — Additional 
Readings: H. Von Hoht, Constitutional H istory, TV, chs.Yi, 
vii; V, ch. i; W. G. Brown, Stephen A. Douglas. — Sources: 
Contemporaries, IV, § 34; Am. Hist. Leaflets, Nos. 2, 17; 
W. MacDonald, Select Documents, Nos. 85-88; A. Johnston, 
Am. Orations, III, 3-87. 

Lect. 59. (1854-1857) Struggle for Kansas: North- 
ern aid societies; border ruffians; election for delegate; 
election for legislature; slavery legalized; free state 
organization; civil war; John Brown; governors; in- 
vestigation by Congress. 

Bibliography: Manual, § 150; Guide, § 200; T. C. 
Smith, Parties and Slavery (Am. Nation, XVIII), ch. xxi. — ■ 
Secondary Readings: T. C. Smith, Parties and Slavery 
{Am. Nation, XVIII), chs. ix, xi, xv; J. F. Rhodes, United 
States, II, chs. vii-ix. — Additional Readings: J. Schouler, 
United States, V, 315-363, 382-399, 424, 425; H. Von Hoist, 
Constitutional History, V, chs. iii, viii; VI, chs. iv, v; Nicolay 
and Hay, Abraham Lincoln, I, chs. xxii-xxv; II, chs. i-vi. — 
Sources: Contemporaries, IV, §§ 36-40; Source-Book, §§108, 
109; W. MacDonald, Select Documents, Nos. 90, 92; A. 
Johnston, Am. Orations, III, 88-120; Old South Leaflets, 
No. 83. 



76 LECTURES AND READINGS [§ 46 

[Class-room Paper No. 20. — Principles of Popular 
Sovereignty and the Government of Organized Ter- 
ritory. — Manual, § 154.] 

Lect. 60. (1854-1857) Rise of the Republican Party: 
Know-Nothings; Anti-Nebraska; "Republican" Con- 
ventions (1854); fusions; national party (1855); Elec- 
tion of 1856; Salmon P. Chase. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§103, 104; Guide, §201. — 
Secondary Readings: T. C. Smith, Parties^ and Slavery 
(Am. Nation, XVIII), chs. iv, viii, xii; J. F. Rhodes, United 
States, II, 45-97, 177-185; A. B. Hart, Sabnon P. Chase, 
eh. vi. — Additional Readings: J. A. Woodburn, Politi- 
cal Parties, ch. vii; J. Schouler, United States, V, ch. xxi; 
J. Macy, Pdlitical Parties, ch. xiii; H. Von Hoist, Constitu- 
tional History, V, chs. vii, ix. — Sources: Contemporaries, 

IV, § 35. 

Lect. 61. (1857-1860) Dred Scott Decision: Supreme 
Court; Prigg decision (1842); Van Zandt (1849); Dred 
Scott lower cases; appeals; decision (1857); protests; 
Lecompton bill (1858); Lincoln's campaign against 
Douglas (1858); Cooper Union speech (1860); Roger 
B. Taney. 
Bibliography: Manual, §150; Guide, §§201, 202.— 
Secondary Readings: T. C. Smith, Parties and Slavery 
(Am. Nation, XVIII), ch. xv; J. F. Rhodes, United States, 
II, 249-267; E. E. Sparks, United States, II, ch. xi. — 
Additional Readings: S. Tyler, Roger B. Taney, ch. v; 
H. Vort Hoist, Constitutional History, VI, ch. i; G. T. Curtis, 
James Buchanan, II, chs. viii-xviii. — Sources: Contempo- 
raries, TV, §§41-46; Source-Book, §110; Am. Hist. Leaf- 
lets, No. 23; M. Hill, Liberty Documents, ch. xxi; Dred Scott 

V. Sanford, 19 Howard, 393; Lincoln and Douglas Debates; 
A. Johnston, Am. Orations, III, 29-194; W. MacDonald, 
Select Documents, No. 91. 



§ 47] HISTORICAL 77 

[Class-room Paper No. 21. — Principles op Citizen- 
ship AND Rights of Non-Citizens. — Manual, § 155.] 

Lect. 62. (1857-1859) Principles op Radical Aboli- 
tion: political abolitionists; come-outers; Garrison; 
Phillips; Chase; Brown's plans; Harper's Ferry raid; 
trial; results; John Brown. 
Bibliography: Guide, §202. — Secondary Readings: 
F. E. Chad wick, Causes of the Civil War (Am. Nation, XIX), 
ch. v; J. F. Rhodes, United States, II, 360-416; J. Schouler, 
United States, V, 437-449; H. Von Hoist, Constitutional 
History, VIII, ch. i. — Additional Readings: C. E. Merriam, 
Political Theories, 206-226; H. Von Hoist, John Brown; 
F. Sanborn, John Brown. — Sources: Contemporaries, IV, 
§§ 45-48; Source-Book, § 112; J. Redpath, John Brown; 
Old South Leaflets, IV, No. 84. 

Lect. 63. (1859-1860) Presidential Election op 1860: 
Davis Resolutions; Charleston convention; Baltimore 
conventions; bolt; Douglas; Breckenridge; Republican 
candidates; Chicago convention; Lincoln nominated; 
Constitutional Union party; campaign; threats of 
secession; result; Abraham Lincoln. 
Bibliography: Guide, § 203. — Secondary Readings: 
F. E. Chad wick. Causes of the Civil War (Am. Nation, XIX), 
ch. vii; J. F. Rhodes, United States, II, 417-500; C. Schurz, 
Abraham Lincoln. — Additional Readings: J. Schouler, 
United States, V, ch. xxii, sect. 2; J. T. Morse, Abraham 
Lincoln, 1, ch. vi; F. Bancroft, William H. Seward, I, ch. 
xxiv. — Sources: Contemporaries, IV, §§49-52; Source- 
Book, § 111. 

§ 47. (1860-1861) Readings on Coming on of the Civil War. 

Bibliography. — Mawi/o./, §48; Guide, §§206, 207; T. 
C. Smith, Parties and Slavery (Am. Nation, XVIII), ch. 



78 LECTURES AND READINGS [§47 

xxi; F. E. Chadwick, Causes of the Civil War (Am. Nation, 
XIX), ch. XX ; New Eng. Hist. Teachers' Assoc, Historical 
Sources, § 87. 

Secondary Readings. — T. C. Smith, Parties and Slav- 
ery {Am. Nation, XVIII), chs. xix, xx; F. E. Chadwick, 
Causes of the Civil War (Am. Nation, XIX); J. F. Rhodes, 
United States, III, chs. xiii, xiv; J. C. Reed, The Brothers' 
War. 

Additional Readings. — J. Schouler, United States, V, 
■ch. xxii; E. E. Sparks, United States, II, chs. xiii, xiv; H. 
Von Hoist, Constitutional History, VI, chs. vi-vii; F. Ban- 
croft, William H. Seward, II, chs. xxv, xxvii, xxix; G. T. 
Curtis, Constitutional History, II, ch. x; J. S. Landon, Con- 
stitutional History, ch. xi; J. T. Morse, Abraham Lincoln, I, 
ch. vii; A. H. Stephens, War between the States, II, chs. 
xviii-xx; A. B. Hart, Salmon P. Chase, chs. vii, viii; J. Davis, 
Confederate Government, 1, Part iii; J. C. Ropes, Story of 
the Civil War, 1, ch. vii; Nicolay and Hay, Abraham Lin- 
coln, II. 

Sources. — Contemporaries, IV, §§53-74; Source-Book, 
§§113-116; Am. Hist. Leaflets, Nos. 12, 18; W. Mac- 
Donald, Select Documents, Nos. 93-97; Abraham Lincoln, 
Works, I, 652-695; II, 1-33. 

§ 48. (1860-1861) Lectures on Coming on of the Civil War. 
(Lects. 64^70.) 

Lect. 64. (1850-1861) Causes of Secession: personal; 
states rights; sectional feeling; slavery; Robert Toombs. 

Bibliography: Manual, §47; Guide, §205. — Sec- 
ondary Readings: T. C. Smith, Parties and Slavery (Am. 
Nation, XVIII), chs. xix, xx; F. E. Chadwick, Causes of 
the Civil War (Am. Nation, XIX), chs. ii, iv, vi, viii; J. F. 
Rhodes, United States, III, 115-125; E. E. Sparks, United 
States, II, ch. xiii. — Additional Readings: H. Von Hoist, 
Constitutional History, VII, chs. vi-viii; R. Toombs in A. H. 



§ 48] HISTORICAL 79 

Stephens's War between the States, II, App.; P. A. Stovall, 
Robert Toombs. — Sources: Contemporaries, TV, §§51-57; 
A. Johnston, Am. Orations, III, 230-274, 294-311. 

Lect. 65. (1789-1861) Theory of Secession: compari- 
son with interposition and nulUiication; basis in unity 
of sovereignty; enunciations; constitutional test; ex- 
pediency; Alexander H. Stephens. 
Bibliography: Manual, § 156; Guide, § 205. — Sec- 
ondary Readings: F. E. Chadwick, Causes of the Civil 
War (Am. Nation, XIX), ch. iii; J. F. Rhodes, United 
States, III, 127-216; A. H. Stephens, War between the States, 
I, ch. xi. — Additional Readings: W. W. Willoughby, 
Constitutional System, ch. iv; H. Von Hoist, Constitutional 
History, VII, ch. viii; C. E. Merriam, Political Theories, ch. 
vii, § 2; H. Cleveland, Alexander H. Stephens. — Sources: 
Contemporaries, IV, §§ 53-57; J. Davis, Rise and Fall of 
Confederate Government, I; A. Johnston, Am. Orations, III, 
320-329; P. C. Centz, Republic of Republics; Am. Hist. 
Leaflets, No. 12 (ordinances). 

[Class-room Paper No. 22. — Doctrine of Secession. 
— Manual, § 156.] 

Lect. 66. (Oct. 1860-Jan. 8, 1861) First Crisis: Scott's 
views; Black's opinion; Buchanan's message; House 
Committee of 33; Senate Committee of 13; "erring 
sisters"; secession of South Carolina (Dec. 20); Ander- 
son in Sumter (Dec. 26); cabinet crisis; coercion mes- 
sage (Jan. 8); Lincoln's part; James Buchanan. 
Bibliography: Manual, §156; Guide, §207. — Sec- 
ondary Readings: F. E. Chadwick, Causes of the Civil 
War {Am. Nation, XIX), ch. xi; J. F. Rhodes, United 
States, III, 242-280; H. Von Hoist, Constitutional History, 
VII, ch. ix. — Additional Readings: G. T. Curtis, James 
Buchanan, II, ch. viii; A. B. Hart, Salmon P. Chase, ch. 
vii; Nicolay and Hay, Abraham Lincoln, III, passim. — 



80 LECTURES AND READINGS [§48 

Sources: Contemporaries, IV, §§64-67; J. Buchanan, Mr. 
Buchanan's Administration; W. MacDonald, Select Docu- 
ments, Nos. 90, 91; Buchanan's messages in Richardson's 
Messages and Papers, V, 626-659. 

Lect. 67. (Dec. 20, 1860-Feb. 28, 1861) Progress op 
Secession: South CaroUna (Dec); six cotton states 
(Jan., Feb.); Confederate States of America; Anderson 
in Sumter; cabinet on Star of the West; confusion in 
Washington; William L. Yancey. 
Bibliography: Manual, §156; Guide, §206. — Sec- 
ondary Readings: F. E. Chad wick, Causes of the Civil 
War (Am. Nation, XIX), ch. ix; J. F. Rhodes, United 
States, III, 291-300; H. Von Hoist, Constitutional History, 
VII, ch. X. — Additional Readings: Nicolay and Hay, 
Abraham Lincoln, III, passim; J. W. DuBose, W. L. Yan- 
cey; J. M. Curry, Southern States. — Sources: Contempora- 
ries, IV, §§ 58-62; ordinances in Am. Hist. Leaflets, No. 12, 
and Am. Annual Cyclopcedia, 1861; W. MacDonald, Select 
Documents, No. 94. 

Lect. 68. (Jan. 9, 1861-March 3, 1861) Second effort 
AT Compromise: coercion reports; Crittenden compro- 
mise; Peace Conference; Lincoln's attitude; Corwin 
amendment; predictions of separation; Lincoln's jour- 
ney; William H. Seward. 
Bibliography: Guide, §207. — Secondary Readings: 
F. E. Chad wick. Causes of the Civil War (Am. Nation, 
XIX), chs. xi, xvi. — Additional Readings: J. F. 
Rhodes, United States, III, 290, 305-308; F. Bancroft, 
William H. Seward, II, ch. xxviii; H. Von Hoist, Con- 
stitutional History. VII, ch. xi;' A. B. Hart, Salmon P. 
Chase, ch. viii; Nicolay and Hay, Abraham Lincoln, III; 
F. H. Alfriend, Jefferson Davis. — Sources: Contempora- 
ries, IV, §§63-69; A. Johnston, Am. Orations, III, 275- 
293, 312-319; W. MacDonald, Select Documents, No. 96; 
R. Davis, Recollections of Mississippi. 



§ 48] HISTORICAL 81 

Lect. 69. (March 4, 1861— April 1, 1861) President 
Lincoln's Policy: cabinet; appointments; removals; 
southern commissions; doctrine of Union; cabinet 
conferences; Seward's memorandum (April 1). 
Bibliography: Manual, §§157, 158; Guide, §208.— 
Secondary Readings: F. E. Chad wick, Causes of the Civil 
War (Am. Nation, XIX), ch. xvii; A. B. Hart, Salmon P. 
Chase, ch. viii; J. F. Rhodes, United States, III, 316-320; 
J. Schouler, United States, VI, 1-25; J. Davis, Confederate 
Government, 1, part iii, ch. ix. — Additional Readings: 
Nicolay and Hay, Abraham Lincoln, III, chs. xxi, xxii; F. 
Bancroft, William H. Seward, II, ch. xxix; J. T. Morse, 
Abraham Lincoln, I, ch. ix; G. C. Gorham, Edwin M. Stan- 
ton, chs. xxv-xxviii. — Sources: Conteinporaries, IV, §66; 
Am,. Hist. Leaflets, No. 18; A. Johnston, Am. Orations, IV, 
16-31; A. Lincoln, Works, II, ch. i, et seq. 

Lect. 70. (April 2, 1861-JuIy 4, 1861) Outbreak of the 
Civil War: Lincoln's decision; military plans; Sumter 
captured (April 14, 1861); call for troops; blockade 
proclamations; four additional secessions; armies raised; 
responsibility; special session of Congress. 
Bibliography: Manual, §157; Guide, §§208,209.— 
Secondary Readings: F. E. Chad wick. Causes of the Civil 
War {Am. Nation, XIX), ch. xix; J. K. Hosmer, Appeal 
to Arms {Am. Nation, XX), ch. iii; J. F. Rhodes, United 
States, III, 325-380; J. Schouler, United States, VI, 26-49. 
— Additional Readings: Nicolay and Hay, Abraham Lin- 
coln, III, chs. xxiii-xxvi; J. T. Morse, Abraham Lincoln, 1, 
chs. viii, ix; J. C. Ropes, Story of the Civil War, I, chs. vi- 
xii. — Sources: Contemporaries, §§70-74; Source-Book, 
§ 115; Lincoln's first message in J. D. Richardson, Mes- 
sages and Papers, VI, 20-31. 

[Class-room Paper No. 23. — Responsibility for the 
Civil War. — Manual, § 157.] 



82 LECTURES AND READINGS [§49 

§ 49. (1861-1865) Readings on the Civil War. 

Bibliography. — Manual, §§50, 81, 82, 188; Guide, 
§§210-214; J. K. Hosmer, Appeal to Arms (Am. Nation, 
XX), ch. xxi; J. K. Hosmer, Outcome of the Civil War (Am. 
Nation, XXI), ch. xviii; New England Hist. Teachers' 
Assoc, Historical Sources, § 88. 

Secondary Readings. — J. K. Hosmer, Appeal to Arms 
(Am. Nation, XX); J. K. Hosmer, Outcome of the Civil 
War (Am. Nation, XXI); J. T. Morse, Abraham Lincoln, I, 
chs. viii-xii; II; J. T. Henderson, Stonewall Jackson. 

Additional Readings. — J. F. Rhodes, United States, 
III, IV; J. Schouler, United States, VI; J. G. Nicolay in 
Cambridge Modern Hist., VII, 443-558; J. C. Ropes, Story 
of the Civil War, I, II; T. A. Dodge, Bird's Eye View of the 
Civil War; W. Wilson, American People, IV, 145-312; 
E. A. Pollard, The Lost Cause; A. H. Stephens, War between 
the States, 1, ch. ii. 

Sources. — Contemporaries, TV, §§75-140; Source-Book, 
§§ 115-126; W. MacDonald, Select Documents, No. 97; 
Am. Annual Cyclopcedia, 1861-1865; R. Stiles, Four Years 
with Marse Robert. 

§ 50. (1861-1865) Lectures on the Civil War. (Lects. 71-78.) 

Lect. 71. (1861-1865) The North during the War: 
spirit; divisions; martial law; resources; enlistments; 
business; patriotic literature. 

Bibliography: Manual, §§49, 81, 82, 188; Guide, 
§ 204. — Secondary Readings: J. K. Hosmer, Appeal to 
Arms (Am. Nation, XX), ch. i; J. K. Hosmer, Outcome of 
the Civil War (Am. Nation, XXI), chs. iv, xv; J. F. Rhodes, 
United States, V; 189-342; A. B. Hart, Practical Essays, No. 
11; Nicolay and Hay, Abraham Lincoln; J. G. Nicolay 
in Cambridge Modern Hist., VII, 568-602. — Sources: 
Contemporaries, §§ 75-79, 84-90; Source-Book, § 115; W. H. 
Russell, My Diary North and South. 

[Class-room Paper No. 24. — Lincoln's Democracy.] 



§ 50] HISTORICAL 83 

Lect. 72. (1861-1865) The South during the War: 
population; negroes and whites; enlistments; sacrifices; 
finance; paper money; social life; patriotic literature; 
Jefferson Davis. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§158, 159, 188; Guide, §209. 
— Secondary Readings: J. K. Hosmer, Appeal to Arms 
{Am. Nation, XX), ch. i; J. K. Hosmer, Outcome of the Civil 
War (Am. Nation, XXI), chs. iv, xvi; J. F. Rhodes, United 
States, V, 343-482; A. B. Hart, Practical Essays, No. 11.— 
Additional Readings: T. H. Alfriend, Jefferson Davis; 
J. L. M. Curry, Confederate Government; J. C. Schwab, Con- 
federate States of America, passim; Cambridge Modern Hist., 
VII, ch. xix. — Sources: Contemporaries, IV, §§ 80-83, 
91-95; Source-Book, §§117, 122; J. B. Jones, Rebel War 
Clerk's Diary; E. Eggleston, Rebel's Recollections. 

Lect. 73. (1861-1863) The Military Problem: Bull 

Run (July, 1861); Eastern army; Western army; navy; 

advance into Tennessee; Peninsular campaign (1862); 

Mississippi River; Fredericksburg (1862); Chancel- 

lorsville (1863); Northern commanders; George B. 

McClellan. 

Bibliography: Guide, § 210. — Secondary Readings: 

J. K. Hosmer, Appeal to Ai^ms (Am. Nation, XX), chs. ii- 

viii, xv-xvii; J. F. Rhodes, United States, III, ch. xvi; 

IV, chs. xvii-xix; J. Schouler, United States, VI, ch. i. — 

Additional Readings: J. C. Ropes, Story of the Civil War, 

I, chs. vi-xii; Cambridge Modern Hist., VII, chs. xiv, xv. — - 

Sources: Contemporaries, IV, §§ 102-116; U. S. Grant, 

Memoirs, I, ch. xxi; G. B. McClellan, Own Story; J. E. 

Johnston, Narrative. 

Lect. 74. (1861-1863) Diplomacy of the Civil War: 
Southern envoys; Northern representatives; neutrality 
proclamations; Trent; England and recognition; crui- 
sers; blockade; captives; effect of Northern victories; 
French in Mexico; Charles Francis Adams. 



84 LECTURES AND READINGS [§50 

Bibliography: Manual, §§81, 82, 188-190; Guide, 
§ 212. — Secondary Readings: J. K. Hosmer, Appeal to 
Arms (Am. Nation, XX), ch. xx; J. W. Foster, Century of 
Am. Diplomacy, ch. x; J. F. Rhodes, United States, III, 
519-542; IV, 76-94, 337-394. — Additional Readings: 
J. Schouler, United States, VI, ch. i; C. F. Adams, Jr., 
Charles Francis Adams; J. M. Callahan, Diplomatic Rela- 
tions of Confederate States; J. D. Bullock, Secret Service of 
Confederate States. — Sources : Contemporaries, IV, § § 98- 
100; J. B. Moore, Digest, passim; J. B. Moore, International 
Arbitrations, passim. 

[Class-room Paper No. 25. — Military Powers of 
THE President. — Manual, § 159.] 

Lect. 75. (1861-1865) Financial Problems of the 

Civil War: balance sheet (1860); loans; treasury notes; 

legal tenders; national banks; tariff of 1861; internal 

revenue; balance sheet (1866). 

Bibliography: Manual, §§117, 118; Guide, §211; 

D. R. Dewey, Financial History, §§ 116, 126. — Secondary 

Readings: J. K. Hosmer, Outcome of the Civil War {Am. 

Nation, XXI), ch. i; D. R. Dewey, Financial History, chs. 

xi-xvi; A. B. Hart, Salmon P. Chase, chs. ix, xi; H. White, 

Money and Banking, 130-164. — Additional Readings: 

F. W. Taussig, Tariff History, 155-170. — Sources: Acts 

in Statutes at Large, XII, 292, 345, 432, 709; XIII, 99-118. 

Lect. 76. (1862-1865) Abolition of Slavery: border 
state feeling; contrabands; territories (1862); District 
of Columbia (1862); compensated emancipation; colo- 
nization; preliminary proclamation (1862); final pro- 
clamation (Jan. 1, 1863); action by states; election of 
1864; 13th Amendment (1865); Abraham Lincoln. 
Bibliography: Manual, § 159; Guide, § 214. — Sec- 
ondary Readings: J. K. Hosmer, Appeal to Arms (Am. 
Nation, XXI), ch. xiv; J. F. Rhodes, United States, IV, 



§ 50] HISTORICAL 85 

212-219; A. B. Hart, Salmon P. Chase, ch. x; J. T. Morse, 
Abraham Lincoln, II, chs. i, iv, xii. — Additional Read- 
ings: Nicolay and Hay, Abraham Lincoln, VI, chs. v-viii, 
xvii, xix; X, ch. iv. — Sources: Contemporaries, IV, §§ 124- 
131; Source-Book, §§ 12l)-126; Statutes at Large, XII, 376- 
378, 432 (ch. cxi); Proclamations Nos. 16, 17; Ibid., pp. 
1266-1269; Proclamation No. 52; Ibid., XIII, 774-775; 
Emancipation Proclamation (No. 16) in J. D. Richardson, 
Messages and Papers, VI, 96-98; A. Johnston, Am. Ora- 
tions, IV, 123-128. 

Lect. 77. (1863-1865) Military Success of the North: 
Gettysburg (1863); Vicksburg; Chattanooga; Georgia 
campaign (1864); Virginia campaign; Mobile; March to 
the Sea; Appomattox (April 1865); rival commanders; 
R. E. Lee. 
Bibliography: Guide, §120. — Secondary Readings: 
J. K. Hosmer, Appeal to Arms (Am. Nation, XX), chs. 
xviii, xix; J. K. Hosmer, Outcome of the Civil War (Am. 
Nation, XXI), chs. iii, vi, vii, xi, xii, xiv, xvii. — Addi- 
tional Readings: Nicolay and Hay, Abraham Lincoln, 
VII-IX; J. F. Rhodes, United States, IV, V, passim; J. 
Schoiiler, United States, VI, passim. — Sources: Contem- 
poraries, IV, §§ 118-120, 123, 132-140; Source-Book, §§ 121- 
125; G. H. Gordon, War Diary. 

Lect, 78. (1865) Problems of the end of the War: 
armies dissolved; accounts and materials; negroes; 
Southern whites; rebellious states; Thaddeus Stevens. 
Bibliography: Manual, §164. — Secondary Read- 
ings: W. A. Dunning, Reconstruction (Am. Nation, XXII), 
ch. i; J. F. Rhodes, United States, VI, ch. xxxviii; E. E. 
Sparks, United States, II, ch. xvi. — Additional Readings: 
A. B. Hart, Salmon P. Chase, chs. xiii, xiv; S. A. McCall, 
Thaddeus Stevens, ch. xiii; W. A. Dunning, Essays on the 
Civil, War and Reconstruction, chs. i-iii. — Sources: Con- 



86 LECTURES AND READINGS [§ 50 

temporaries, IV, §§ 141-157; Source-Book, § 130; M. Hill, 
Liberty Documents, ch. xxiii; A. Johnston, Am. Orations, 
IV, 129-180. 

§ 51. (1865-1884) Readings on Reconstruction and Reorgan- 
ization. 

Bibliography. — Manual, §§52, 160; J. K. Hosmer, 
Outcome of the Civil War {Am. Nation, XXI), ch. xviii; A. 
P. C. Griffin, Bibliography of XIV and XV Amendments; 
W. A. Dunning, Reconstruction (Am. Nation, XXII), ch. 
xxii; New Eng. Hist. Teachers' Assoc, Historical Sources, 
§§ 89, 90; W. L. Fleming, Home Syllabus, Reconstruction. 

Secondary Readings. — W. A. Dunning, Reconstruction 
{Am. Nation, XXII), passim; W. W. Willoughby, Constitu- 
tional System, 85-99; J. K. Hosmer, Outcome of the Civil 
War {Am. Nation, XXI), chs. viii, xiii. 

Additional Readings. — J. F. Rhodes, United States, V, 
ch. xxx; VI, chs. xxxi, xxxii, xxxiv, xxxvi; A. B. Hart, 
Salmon P. Chase, chs. xiii, xiv; E. E. Sparks, United States, 
II, ch. xv; W. Wilson, American People, V, ch. i; J. G. 
Blaine, Twenty Years of Congress, II, chs. iii-xxvii. 

Sources. — Contemporaries, IV, §§ 141-157; Source-Book, 
§§ 127-132; M. Hill, Liberty Documents, ch. xxiii; W. L. 
Fleming, Documentary Hist, of Reconstruction, I, II; E. 
McPherson, Political Hist, during Reconstruction; W. Mac- 
Donald, Select Statutes, Nos. 42, 52, 56, 62, 64, 67, 69, 72, 
74, 81-85, 91, 92, 99. 

§ 52. (1865-1884) Lectures on Reconstruction and Reorgan- 
ization. (Lects. 79-83.) 

Lect. 79. (1864-1866) Controversy over Reconstruc- 
tion: Lincoln's plan (1864); Davis-Wade Bill; assassi- 
nation (1865); Johnson's plan; individuals; conquered 
provinces; state suicide; forfeited rights; Congressional 
plan (1866) 



§ 52] HISTORICAL 87 

Bibliography: Manual, §§ 51, 160. — Secondary 
Readings: W. A. Dunning, Reconstruction {Am. Nation, 
XXII), chs. ii-v; J. F. Rhodes, United States, VI, ch. xxxiii. 

— Additional Readings: A. B. Hart, Salmon P. Chase, 
ch. xiii; W. W. Willoughby, Constitutional System, ch. iv. 

— Sources: Contemporaries, IV, §§ 148-150; A. Johnston, 
Am. Orations. IV, 149-188. 

[Class-room Paper No. 26. — Constitutional Princi- 
ples OF Reconstruction. — Manual, § 160.] 

Lect. 80. (1867-1871) Process of Reconstruction: 
statutes; new constitutions; negro suffrage; military 
governors; 14th amendment (1868); election of 1868; 
rebels disqualified by states; carpet bag governments; 
15th amendment (1870). 
Bibliography: Manual, § 160. — Secondary Read- 
ings: W. A. Dunning, Reconstruction {Am. Nation, XXII), 
chs. vi-vii, xi; A. B. Hart, Salmon P. Chase, ch. xiv; E. E. 
Sparks, United States, II, ch. xv. — Additional Readings: 
J. F. Rhodes, United States, VI, ch. xxxi. — Sources: 
Contemporaries, IV, §§ 151-157; W. L. Fleming, Documen- 
tary Hist, of Reconstruction; Am. Annual Cyclopoedia, 1866- 
1871; E. McPherson, Hist, of Reconstruction, passim. 

Lect. 81. (1871-1877) Counter-Reconstruction: taxes; 

schools; justice; KuKlux; investigation; force acts; 

election of 1872; scraps; rival governments; election 

of 1876; disputed count (1877); troops removed (1877); 

U. S. Grant. 
Bibliography: Manual, § 160. — Secondary Read- 
ings: W. A. Dunning, Reconstruction {Am. Nation, XXII), 
chs. xv-xvii; J. F. Rhodes, United States, VII, chs. xli, 
xlii. — Additional Readings: J. G. Blaine, Twenty Years 
of Congress, II, chs. xvii, xix; M. L. Avary, Dixie after the 
War. — Sources: Contemporaries, IV, § 158; Source-Book, 
§ 132; W. L. Fleming, Documentary Hist, of Reconstruction, 
II, ch. xii. 



88 LECTURES AND READINGS [§ 52 

Lect. 82. (1867-1883) Political Reform: civil service 
bills (1867-1869); first commission (1871-1873); assess- 
ments; political activity; corruption; investigations; 
election of 1880; assassination of Garfield; Arthur; 
Civil Service Act (1883); second commission; James 
A. Garfield. 
Bibliography: Manual, § 213; Actual Government, 
§ 128. — Secondary Readings: E. E. Sparks, National 
Development (Am. Nation, XXIII), chs. x, xii; A. B. Hart, 
Practical Essays, ch. iv; J. A. Woodburn, Political Parties, 
chs. xiii-xxi; J. F. Rhodes, United States, VI, ch. xl. — 
Additional Readings: C. R. Fish, Civil Service and Patron- 
age, ch. x; M. Ostrogorski, Democracy and Political Parties, 
II, ch. ix. — Sources: Contemporaries, IV, §§159-161; 
Source-Book, §§ 133, 137; Civil Service Act in Statutes at 
Large, XXII (403); A. Johnston, Am. Orations, IV, 367- 
420. 

Lect. 83. (1866-1887) Problems of Commercial Or- 
ganization: Crisis of 1866; crisis of 1873; railroads; 
consolidations; labor organizations; strikes; discus- 
sions in Congress; Interstate Commerce Act (1887). 

Bibliography: Manual, §§ 161, 222; D. R. Dewey, 
Financial History, §§ 176, 185, 195; A. P. C. Griffin, List of 
Books on Banks and Banking. — Secondary Readings: 
E. E. Sparks, National Development (Am. Nation, XXIII), 
chs. V, xviii; D. R. Dewey, National Problems {Am. Nation, 
XXIV), ch. xii. — Additional Readings: D. R. Dewey, 
Financial History, chs. xviii-xx; E. E. Sparks, United 
States, II, ch. xvii; Cambridge Modern History, VII, ch. 
xxii. — Sources: Contemporaries, IV, §§162-172; Source- 
Book, § 136; A. Johnston, Am. Orations, 238-366. 

[Class-room Paper No. 27. — Regulation of Com- 
merce. — Manual, § 161.] 



§ 53] HISTORICAL 89 

§ 53. (1885-1907) Readings on American Empire. 

Bibliography. — Manual, §§ 54, 85, 86, 194-196; Actual 
Government, § 160; A. P. C. Griffin, List of books relating 
to Colonization; J. H. Latane, America as a World Power 
(Am. Nation, XXV), ch. xix; New England Hist. Teachers' 
Assoc, Historical Sources, §§ 9()-92. 

Secondary Readings. — A. C. Coolidge, United States as 
a World Power, chs. vi-xix; D. R. Dewey, National Develop- 
ment (Am. Nation, XXIV), chs. i, xix; J. H. Latane, 
America as a World Power (Am. Nation, XXV); W. W. 
Willoughby, Constitutional System, chs. xi-xiv, xvii. 

Additional Readings. — J. A. Woodburn, Am. Repub- 
lic, ch. viii; E. E. Sparks, United States, II, ch. xviii; W. F. 
Willoughby, Territories and Dependencies; Cambridge Mod- 
ern Hist., VII, ch. xxi. 

Sources. — Contemporaries, IV, §§ 173-196; Source-Book, 
§145. 

§ 54. (1885-1907) Lectures on American Empire. (Lects. 
84^90.) 

Lect. 84. (1883-1897) The Tariff: war tariff; reductions; 
commission of 1882; tariff of 1883; election of 1884; 
iron manufacture; election of 1888; McKinley tariff 
(1890); election of 1892; Wilson tariff (1894); elec- 
tion of 1896; Dingley tariff (1897). 
Bibliography: Manual, §§53, 85, 86, 194-196; Actual 
Government, § 171; D. R. Dewey, Financial History, §§ 185, 
195. — Secondary Readings: E. E. Sparks, National De- 
velopment (Am. Nation, XXIII), ch. xvii; D. R. Dewey, 
National Problems (Am. Nation, XXIV), chs. iv, xi, xvii. — 
Additional Readings: D. R. Dewey, Financial History, 
II chs. xix, xx; F. W. Taussig, Tariff History, ch. iv; E. Stan- 
wood, Am. Tariff Controversies, II, chs. xvi, xvii. — Sources: 
Contemporaries, IV, § 166; text of tariff acts in Statutes at 
Large, XXII, 488; XXVI, 567; XXVIII, 508; XXX, 151. 



90 LECTURES AND READINGS [§ 54 

Lect. 85. (1878-1900) Currency: silver; crisis of 1873; 
silver act of 1878; resumption (1879); "friends of 
silver"; Sherman act (1890); crisis of 1894; repeal of 
silver act; election of 1900; gold standard act (1900); 
W. J. Bryan. 

Bibliography: Manual, §§ 117-120; Actual Govern- 
ment, §207; D. R. Dewey, Financial History, §§ 169, 185. 
— Secondary Readings: E. E. Sparks, National Develop- 
ment (Am. Nation, XXIII), ch. ix; D. R. Dewey, National 
Problems (Am. Nation, XXIV), chs. v, xiv, xvi, xx; 
J. H. Latane, America as a World Power (Am. Nation^ 
XXV), ch. vii. — Additional Readings: D. R. Dewey, 
Financial History, chs. xvii, xix; H. White, Money and 
Banking, 60-217. — Sources: Contemporaries, IV, §§168- 
172; Statutes at Large, XXXI, 45. 

[Class-room Paper No. 28. — Federal Control over 
Corporations. — Manual, § 162.] 

Lect. 86. (1867-1895) American Diplomacy: Alabama 
claims (1868); Cuba (1868); Geneva arbitration (1872) 
fisheries; Isthmus canal; French company (1879) 
Alaska seals (1886); Samoa (1889); Hawaii (1893) 
Venezuela (1895); John Hay. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§ 83, 84; Actuxil Govern- 
ment, § 188; A. P. C. Griffin, Bibliography of International 
Law. — Secondary Readings: D. R. Dewey, National 
Problems {Am. Nation, XXIV), chs. vii, xiii; J. H. Latane, 
America as a World Power (A^n. Nation, XXV), ch. vi; 
A. B. Hart, Foundations, §§11, 27, 28, 33, 39-41; J. 
W. Foster, Century of Am. Diplomacy, ch. xi; J. W. Fos- 
ter, Diplomacy in the Orient, chs. x-xii; — Additional 
Readings: J. B. Moore, Am. Diplomacy, ch. x; J. M. Calla- 
han, Cuba; J. M. Callahan, Neutrality of Am. Lakes; A. C. 
Coolidge, U. S. as a World Poiver, chs. x-xix. — Sources: 
Contemporaries, IV, §§ 173-179, 185, 192-196; Statutes at 



§ 543 HISTORICAL 91 

Large (see Index, " Treaties "); J- B. Moore, Arbitrations (see 
Index); J. B. Moore, Digest (see Index); W. M. Malloy, 
Compilation of Treaties in Force (see Index). 

Lect. 87. (1895-1899) Cuba and the Spanish War: 
Cuban trade; second revolution (1895); filibusters; 
intervention (1898); capture of Manila; Cuban Cam- 
paign; Porto Rico; peace; cessions; William McKinley. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§85, 86, 194; A. P. C. Grif- 
^ fin. Bibliography of Cuba. — Secondary Readings: J. H. 
Latane, America as a World Power (Am. Nation, XXV), 
chs. i-iv; A. B. Hart, Foundations, ch. iv; J. W. Foster, 
Diplomacy in the Orient, ch. xiii; A. C. Coolidge, U. S. as a 
World Power, ch. vi. — Additional Readings: H. C. 
Lodge, War with Spain; T. Roosevelt, The Rough Riders; 
R. A. Alger, Spanish- American War. — Sources: Contem- 
poraries, IV, §§ 180-185, 189; Source-Book, §§ 140-144. 

Lect. 88. (1898-1903) New Dependencies: Philippine 
I insurrections; Pacific Islands; Porto Rico; tariffs; in- 

sular decisions (1900); government; protectorate; Wil- 
liam H. Taft. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§ 163, 218, 219; Actual Gov- 
, ernment, § 160; A. P. C. Griffin, Bibliography of the Phil- 
ippine Islands. — Secondary Readings: J. H. Latane, 
America as a World Power {Am. Nation, XXV), chs. viii, 
ix; W. F. Willoughby, Territories and Dependencies; W. W. 
Willoughby, Constitutional System, chs. xi-xiv, xvii. — 
Additional Readings: A. B. Hart, Foundations, ch. v; 
, A. C. Coolidge, U. S. as a World Power, ch. vii. — Sources: 
Contemporaries, IV, §§ 186-191; Source-Book, § 143; M. 
Hill, Liberty Documents, ch. xxiv. 

[Class-room Paper No. 29. — Dependencies. — Manual, 
§ 163.J 



92 LECTURES AND READINGS [§54 

Lect. 89. (1895-1903) The Panama Canal and the 
Monroe Doctrine: effect of the Spanish War; Suez; 
surveys; commission (1900); British treaties; negoti- 
ations with Colombia; Republic of Panama (1903); 
treaty with U. S; invasion of Venezuela (1902-1903); 
Pan-American Congress (1906); Drago doctrine. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§ 85, 86, 196; Actual Govern- 
ment, § 160. — Secondary Readings: E. E. Sparks, Na- 
tional Development {Am. Nation, XXIII), ch. xiii; J. H. 
Latane, America as a World Power (Am. Nation, XXV), 
chs. xii, xv; W. F. Johnston, Four Centuries of the Panama 
Canal, chs. viii-xii; J. B. Moore, Digest, VI, ch. xx; A. B. 
Hart, Foundations, ch. vii. — Additional Readings: A. C. 
Coolidge, U. S. as a World Power, ch. v; T. B. Edgington, 
The Monroe Doctrine. — Sources: Contemporaries, §§195, 
196; Am. Hist. Leaflets, No. 34; Senate Documents, 47 Cong., 

1 sess.. No. 194; 56 Cong., 1 sess., No. 237; 57 Cong., 1 sess.. 
No. 54; House Reports, 46 Cong., 3 sess.. No. 390; 50 Cong., 

2 sess.. No. 4167. 

Lect. 90. (1865-1903) Problems op Administrative Re- 
sponsibility: combinations; trusts; Wall Street; com- 
missions; "day in Court"; legislatures; the boss; the 
leader; Theodore Roosevelt. 
Bibliography: Manual, § 164; Actvxil Government, § 120; 

E. McClain, Constitutional Law, § 121. — Secondary Read- 
ings: A. B. Halt, National Ideals (Am. Nation, XXVI), ch. 
xiii; E. McClain, Constitutional Law, ch. xx; James Bryce, 
Am. Commonwealth, 1, chs. v-viii. — Additional Readings: 

F. J. Goodnow, Politics and Administration, chs. iv-x; J. 

A. Fairlie, National Administration; J. A. Fairlie, Muni- 
cipal Administration; F. J. Goodnow, Administrative Law; 

B. Wyman, Administrative Law. — Sources: Contemporaries, 
IV, §§ 197-209. 

[Class-room Paper No. 30. — Administrative Respon- 
sibility. — Manual, § 164.] 



§§57] BRIEF HISTORICAL 93 

§ 55. (1775-1903) Thirty Lectures on the History of the 
United States. (Course B.) 

This course is intended to cover in outline the whole 
period of American history; dwelling less on details — for 
which the readings must supply the material — than on 
the salient points, the evidences of national standards and 
the results. 

The course will include six "class-room papers" {Man- 
ual, § 165), and one "library report" {Manual, §§ 231-253). 

§ 56. (1775-1789) Readings on Process of Union. 

Bibliography. — AfanwaZ, §§29, 30, 101, 102, 136, 
203; Guide, §§ 146-156; New Eng. Hist. Teachers' Assoc, 
Historical Sources, §§ 65, 69, 73-79. 

Secondary Readings. — A. B. Hart, Essentials in Am. 
Hist., chs. vi, vii, ix, xliv; A. B. Hart, National Ideals {Am. 
Nation, XXVI), chs. vii, viii; A. C. McLaughlin, Confedera- 
tion and Constitution {Am. Nation, X), chs. xi-xviii; Cam- 
bridge Modern History, VII, ch. viii; A. Johnston, Political 
History (Woodburn ed.), chs. iv, v. 

Additional Readings. — J. S. Landon, Constitutional 
History, chs. ii-vii; R. Hildreth, United States, III; S. G. 
Fisher, Evolution of the Constitution; A. C. Coolidge, U. S. 
as a World Power, ch. i; E. E. Sparks, United States, I, chs. 
i-vi; J. K. Hosmer, Anglo-Saxon Freedom; R. Frothingham, 
Rise of the Republic. 

Sources. — Contemporaries, II, §§130-133, 138-144; 
Source-Book, §§ 48-70; M. Hill, Liberty Documents, chs. i-xii. 

§ 57. (1775-1789) Lectures on Process of Union. (Lects. 

1-8.) 

Lect. 1. Methods and Materials: point of view; lec- 
tures; text-book; readings; class-room papers; library 
reports; examinations; bibliographies; aids; secondary 
books; sources. 
See description of the course and its methods in Manualf 

§§2-13, 16-18. 



94 LECTURES AND READINGS [§57 

Lect. 2. (1497-1763) Subdivisions of America: Spain; 
England; Portugal; France; Holland; English Colo- 
nies; proclamation of 1763; Christopher Columbus. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§66, 167, 171, 172; Guide, 
§§81-99. — Secondary Readings: E. P. Cheyney, Euro- 
pean Background {Am. Nation, I), chs. i-v; Cambridge 
Modern Hist., VII, chs. ii-iv; R. Hildreth, United States, 
II, chs. xxvii, xxix. — Additional Readings: E. G. 
Bourne, Spain in America (Am. Nation, III); R. G. Thwaites, 
France in America {Am. Nation, VII); L. G. Tyler, Eng- 
land in America {Am. Nation, IV); E. Channing, United 
States, I, II; E. B. Greene, Provincial America {Am. Nation, 
VI), chs. xi7xiii. — Sources: Contemporaries, II, §§122- 
128; W. MacDonald, Select Charters, No. 55; Am. Hist. 
Leaflets, No. 5. 

Lect. 3. (1607-1775) The English Colonies: early 
efforts; Southern group; New England group; middle 
group; consolidations; unions; English common law; 
English control; acts of trade; the Empire; John Win- 
throp. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§67-70, 168, 169; Guide, 
§§90-104. — Secondary Readings: E. B. Greene, Pro- 
vincial America {Am. Nation, VI), chs. xi-xiii; E. Channing, 
United States, I, chs. xviii-xix; G. L. Beer, Commercial 
Policy of England toward the Colonies, chs. i-iv; W. B. 
Weeden, Social and Economic History of New England, I, 
ch. vii. — Additional Readings: L. G. Tyler, England in 
America {Am. Nation, IV); J. A. Doyle, English in America; 
J. R. Seeley, Growth of British Policy, 1, parts ii-iv; C. M. 
Andrews, Colonial Self Government {Am. Nation, V); P. S. 
Reinsch, Colonial Government. — -Sources: Contemporaries, 
1, §§34-54; II, §§45, 46, 85-87; W. MacDonald, Select 
Charters, Nos. 22, 23, 25, 28, 34. 



§57] BRIEF HISTORICAL 95 

Lect. 4. (1607-1775) The English Colonists: numbers; 

races; distribution; occupations; social life; religion; 

education; literature; common institutions; Benjamin 

Franklin. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§29, 30, 99, 100, 192, 201, 
225; Guide, §145. — Secondary Readings: A. B. Hart, 
National Ideals {Am. Nation, XXVI), ch. iii; C. D. Wright, 
Practical Sociology §§ 9-32, 60-71; Cambridge Modern 
History, VII, ch. ii; E. E. Sparks, Expansion of the Am. 
People, Yl-^T; J. T. Morse, Benjamin Franklin; R. G. 
Thwaites, The Colonies, chs. i, v, viii, x; J. T. Morse, Benja- 
Tuin Franklin. — Additional Readings: H. E. Scudder, 
Men and Manners a Century ago; E. Eggleston, Transit 
of Civilization; E. Eggleston, Beginners of a Nation; W. E. 
H. Lecky, England. — Sources: Contemporaries, II, §§80- 
108; Source-Book, §§28-35, 41-47; M. Hill, Liberty Docu- 
ments, ch. xi. 

Lect. 5. (1607-1775) Ideals of the Americans: free- 
dom; taxation; equality; individual rights; moral 
standards; representation; suffrage; parliamentary priv- 
ilege; compact; written charters; "the constitution"; 
James Otis. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§29, 30, 101, 102, 142, 199; 
Guide, §§142, 146-149, 154-156. — Secondary Readings: 
A. B. Hart, National Ideals (Am. Nation, XXVI), ch. i; 
C. E. Merriam, Am. Political T/icortes. — Additional 
Readings: T. Roosevelt, Am. Ideals, chs. i-vii; W. W. 
Willoughby, Constitutional System, chs. i, ii. — Sources: 
Contemporaries, II, §§ 130-161; T. Jefferson, Works, passim, 
see M. Hill, Liberty Documents, chs. xi, xii. 

[Class-room Paper No. 1. — Political Ideals of the 
Americans. — Manuxil, § 165.] 



96 LECTURES AND READINGS [§57 

Lect. 6. (1775-1783) Issues of the Revolution: trade; 
religion; English officials; boundaries; downfall of Colo- 
nial governments; new states; military problem; inde- 
pendence; army; finances; written constitution; Samuel 
Adams. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§71, 72; Guide, §§39-48. — 
Secondary Readings: G. E. Howard, Preliminaries of the 
Revolution {Am. Nation, VIII), chs. xii-xviii; C. H. Van 
Tyne, American Revolution {Am. Nation, IX), chs. i, and 
passim; Cambridge Modern History, VII, ch. viii. — Addi- 
tional Readings: R. Hildreth, United States, III, chs. 
xxxi, and passim; J. W. Foster, Century of Am. Diplomacy, 
chs. i, ii; J. Fiske, Am. Revolution; G. 0. Trevelyan, Am. 
Revolution, I, chs. iii-ix; R. Frothingham, Rise of the Re- 
public. — Sources: Contemporaries, II, §§ 191-204; J. Sparks, 
Diplomatic Correspondence of the Am. Revolution. 

Lect. 7. (1781-1783) Issues of the Confederation: 
draughting a constitution (1778-1779); Articles of 
Confederation (1781); organization; finances; commerce; 
state legislation; disturbances; foreign relations, Missis- 
sippi; Robert Morris. 
Bibliography: Manned, §§ 71-72; Guide, §§ 142, 149- 
153. — Secondary Readings: A. C. McLaughlin, Confed- 
eration and Constitution {Am. Nation, X), chs. i-iii; D. R. 
Dewey, Financial History, ch. ii; R. Hildreth, United 
States, III, chs. xxxv, xxxviii-lxv; J. B. Moore, Digest, V, 
§ 734. — Additional Readings: J. Fiske, Critical Period; 
J. B. McMaster, United States, I. — Sources: Contempo- 
raries, III, §§ 10-15, 19. 

Lect. 8. (1763-1788) Opening of the West: English 
frontier explorations; Valley of Virginia; Watagua; 
Kentucky; George Rogers Clark (1779); vote of 1780; 
State of Franklin; Ordinance of 1784; Ohio Company; 
Northwest Ordinance (1787); Manasseh Cutler. 



§59] BRIEF HISTORICAL 97 

Bibliography: Manual, §§26, 29, 30, 167, 168, 171; 
Guide, §§77, 78, 144, 150. — Secondary Readings: A. B. 
Hart, National Ideals {Am. Nation, XXVI), chs. i, ii; C. H. 
Van Tyne, American Revolution (Am. Nation, IX), ch. xv; 
A. C. McLaughlin, Confederation and Constitution (Am. 
Nation, X), ch. vii. — Additional Readings: B. A. Hins- 
dale, Old Northwest, chs. v-xix; T. Roosevelt, Winning of 
the West, I, passim; G. Bancroft, United States (last rev.), Ill, 
chs. xxvii, xxx; VI, chs. iii, vi. — Sources: Contemporaries, 
II, §§ 134-137; Am. Hist. Leaflets, Nos. 16, 32. 

§ 58. (1789-1829) Readings on Strengthening of the Union. 

Bibliography. — ilfawua/, §§31, 32, 37, 77, 78, 109, 
112; Guide, §§ 174-179; New Eng. Hist. Teachers' Assoc, 
Historical Sources, § § 79-83. 

Secondary Readings. — A. C. McLaughlin, Confedera- 
tion and Constitution (Am. Nation, X), ch. xix; K. C. Bab- 
cock, Rise of Am. Nationality (Am. Nation, XIII), chs. 
xiii-xviii; J. S. Bassett, Federalist System (Am. Nation, 
XI), chs. i-iii, xii; F. J. Turner, Rise of the New West (Am. 
Nation, XIV), chs. i, vi, vii, xii. 

Additional Readings. — E. E. Sparks, United States, 1, 
ch. xix; A. Johnston, Political History (Woodburn ed.), 
I, ch. xvii. 

Sources. — Contemporaries, III, §§54-150; Source-Book, 
§§71-88; Am. Hist. Leaflets, Nos. 8, 18, 28, 30; W. Mac- 
Donald, Select Documents, Nos. 6-46. 

§ 59. (1789-1829) Lectures on Strengthening of the Union. 
(Lects. 9-15.) 

Lect. 9. (1787-1793) The Federal Constitution: de- 
fects of the Confederation; proposed amendments; con- 
temporary suggestions; Annapolis Convention (1786); 
call; delegates; Federal Convention (May, 1787); 
methods; difficulties; compromises; completion; sub- 
mission; state conventions; difficulties; ratifications; 



98 LECTURES AND READINGS [§59 

elections; organization (1789); Congress; departments; 

courts; James Madison. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§ 101, 102; Guide, §§56-58. — 
Secondary Readings: A. B. Hart, Essentials of Am. Hist., 
chs. xii-xx; A. C. McLaughlin, Confederation and Constitu- 
tion (Am. Nation, X), chs. xi-xviii; W. W. Willoughby, 
Constitutional System, ch. iii. — Additional Readings: J. 
Bryce, Am. Commonwealth, I, chs. xxxi-xxx viii ; J. A. Jame- 
son, Constitutional Conventions, chs. i-iii; J. A. Kasson, Evo- 
lution of the Constitution; S. E. Baldwin, Political Institu- 
tions, chs. ii, iii; A. Johnston, Political History (Woodburn 
ed.), chs. iv, v; R. Hildreth, United States, III, ch. xlvii; 
E. E. Sparks, United States, I, chs. v-vii; J. S. Landon, 
Constitutional Hist., chs. v-vii. — Sources: Am. Hist. Leaflets, 
No. 8; Contemporaries, III, §§ 64-75. 

Lect. 10. (1793-1801) Parties and Political Organi- 
zation: lines of division; leaders; Federalists; Repub- 
licans; foreign policy; Whiskey Rebellion (1794); 
French War (1798); election of 1800-1801; Alexander 
Hamilton. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§ 33, 34, 103, 104; Guide, 
§ 160. — Secondary Readings: A. B. Hart, National 
Ideals (Am. Nation, XXVI), ch. ix; J. S. Bassett, Federalist 
System (Am. Nation, XI), chs. iii, xix; J. A. Woodburn, 
Political Parties, ch. ii. — Additional Readings: H. Adams, 
United States, 1, chs. iii-v; J. Macy, Political Parties, ch. ii. 
— Sources: Contemporaries. Ill, §§ 85-91; Source-Book, 
§§ 71-76. 

Lect. 11. (1801-1815) Evidences of National Weak- 
ness: Jefferson; policy; annexation of Louisiana (1803); 
Barbary Wars; neutral trade; embargo; Madison; War 
of 1812; peace of Ghent (1814); Thomas Jefferson. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§ 35, 36, 73, 74; Guide, §§ 167- 

173. — Secondary Readings: E. Channing, Jeffersonian 



§59] BRIEF HISTORICAL 99 

System {Am. Nation, XII), chs. xiii-xx; K. C. Babcock, 
Rise of Am. Nationality {Am. Nation, XIII), chs. i-xii; 
E. E. Sparks, United States, 1, chs. xvi, xvii. — Additional 
Readings: J. B. McMaster, United States, III, chs. xviii- 
xxi; H. Adams, United States, IV, chs. iv-xix; J. W. Foster, 
Century of Am. Diplomacy, ch. vi. — Sources: Contempo- 
raries, III, §§106-129; Source-Book, §§78-87; W. Mac- 
Donald, Select Documents, Nos. 24-32. 

[Class-room Paper No. 2. — Jeffersonian Democracy. 
— Manual, § 124.] 

Lect. 12. (1801-1821) Expansion Westward: numbers; 
routes of travel; new social life; new states; influence 
on politics; Missouri Compromise; Henry Clay. 
Bibliogaphy: Manual, §§ 35-38, 73, 74, 178; Guide, 
§§ 168, 180. — Secondary Readings: E. Channing, Jeffer- 
sonian System {Am. Nation, XII), chs. iv-vii; F. J. Turner, 
Rise of the New West {Am. Nation, XIV), chs. v-viii; T. 
Roosevelt, Winning of the West, IV, ch. vi. — Additional 
Readings: H. Adams, United States, II, chs. i-vi; E. E. 
Sparks, Expansion of the American People, chs. xvii-xxv; 
B. A. Hinsdale, Old Northwest, chs. xvi-xix. — Sources: 
Contemporaries, III, §§111-141; Source-Book, §§78-94; 
T. Roosevelt, Thomas H. Benton, chs. i-iii. 

Lect. 13. (1815-1829) Commerce and Transportation: 
trade; manufactures; banks; commerce; steamboats; 
constitutional question of internal improvements; Cum- 
berland Road; fisheries; surveys; infant railroads; 
DeWitt Clinton. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§ 38, 77, 78, 138, 143; Guide, 
§§ 174-179. — Secondary Readings: D. R. Dewey, Finan- 
\i cial Hist., ch. vii; K. C. Babcock, Rise of Am. Nationality 
{Am. Nation, XIII), chs. xiii-xv; F. J. Turner, Rise of the 
New West {Am. Nation, XIV), chs. ix, xiii. — Additional 
Readings: J. B. McMaster, United States, IV, chs. xxx- 

L. ore. 



100 LECTURES AND READINGS [§59 

xxxiii; F. W. Taussig, Tariff Histonj, 1-67; A. B. Hart, 
National Ideals {Am. Nation, XXVI), ch. xvi; J. S. Young, 
Cumberland Road; A. B. Hollins, Old National Road. — 
Sources: Contemporaries, III, §§ 129, 134. 

Lect. 14. (1807-1826) Policy toward Latin-America 
French in Spain (1807); revolts; restoration (1814) 
new revolts; trade; recognition; Canning's proposition 
Monroe's message (1823); Panama Congress (1826) 
John Quincy Adams. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§ 37, 38, 77, 78, 145, 172, 182, 
183; Guide, §§168, 178. — Secondary Readings: F. J. 
Turner, Rise of the New West {Am. Nation, XIV), ch. xii; 
K. C. Babcock, Rise of Am. Nationality {Am. Nation, XIII), 
ch. xvii; W. C. Ford, John Quincy Adams, and the Monroe 
Doctrine {Am. Hist. Review, VII, 676-696; VIII, 28-52). 
— Additional Readings: A. B. Hart, Foundations, ch. vii; 
J. T. Morse, John Quincy Adams; J. B. Moore, Digest, VI, 
ch. XX ; W. F. Reddaway, Monroe Doctrine; A. B. Hart, 
Monroe Doctrine in its Territorial Application. — Sources: 
Contemporaries, III, §§ 142-150; W. MacDonald, Select 
Documents, No. 34. 

[Class-room Paper No. 3. — Monroe Doctrine. — 
Manual, § 145.] 

Lect. 15. (1787-1829) Political Results of Half a 
Century: population; movement; suffrage; qualifica- 
tions for office; elective officials; elective judges; city 
governments; national spirit; relation to rest of the 
world; Martin Van Buren. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§33-37. — Secondary Read- 
ings: J. S. Bassett, Federalist System {Am. Nation, XI); 
F. J. Turner, Rise of the Neio West {Am. Nation, XIV), 
ch. xv; A. B. Hart, National Ideals {Am. Nation, XXVI), 
ch. xiv. — Additional Readings: H. Von Hoist, United 
States, I, 168-180; A. Johnston, Political History, chs. vii-xii; 



§61] BRIEF HISTORICAL 101 

J. T. Morse, Thomas Jefferson, chs. vii-xii. — Sources: Con- 
temporaries, III, §§ 99-105, 150; J. D. Richardson, Messages 
and Papers, II, passim. 

§ 60. (1829-1865) Readings on Danger to the Union. 

Bibliography. — Manual, §§ 41, 43, 44, 141, 149; Guide, 
§§ 183-189; New Eng. Hist. Teachers' Assoc, Historical 
Sources, § § 84-88. 

Secondary Readings. — A. B. Hart, Essentials of Am. 
Hist., chs. xxi-xxx; F. J. Turner, Rise of the New West 
{Am. Nation, XIV), ch. xix; W. MacDonald, Jacksonian 
Democracy {Am. Nation, XV), chs. v, ix; A. B. Hart, 
Slavery and Abolition {Am. Nation, XVI), chs. iv-xix; 
F. E. Chadwick, Causes of the Civil War {Am. Nation, 
XIX); J. K. Hosmer, Appeal to Arms {Am. Nation, XX). 

Additional Readings. — E. E. Sparks, United States, 
II, chs. iv, vi, viii-xiv; J. B. McMaster, United States, VI; 
J. F. Rhodes, United States, I-V. 

Sources. — Contemporaries, III, §§151-189; IV, §§ 7- 
14; Source-Book, §§90-126. 

§ 61. (1829-1865) Lectures on Danger to the Union. (Lects. 
16-22.) 

Lect. 16. (1829-1861) American Genius: statesmen; pul- 
pit; education; literature; philanthropy; journalism; 
inventions; corporate management; politicians; Ralph 
Waldo Emerson. 

Bibliography: Manual, §§ 41-50; Guide, § 180. — Read- 
ings: A. B. Hart, National Ideals {Am. Nation, XXVI), ch. 
xii; B. Wendell, Literary History of America, books IV-VI; 
A. B. Hart, Slavery and Abolition {Am. Nation, XVI), ch. 
ii. — Additional Readings: E. E. Sparks, Expansion of 
the American People, chs. xxvi-xxviii; C. D. Wright, Indus- 
trial Evolution, chs. x, xi. — Sources: Contemporaries, III, 
§§ 151-157, 165-168. 



102 LECTURES AND READINGS [§61 

Lect. 17. (1829-1841) New National Democracy: effect 
of West; effect of South; Andrew Jackson; spoils sys- 
tem; bank; tariff; nullification; deposits; lands; sur- 
plus; election of 1836; panic of 1837; sub-treasury; 
Andrew Jackson. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§39, 40, 147; Guide §§180- 
185. — Secondary Readings: W. MacDonald, Jacksonian 
Democracy {Am. Nation, XV), chs. iii-v, xi, xiv, xvii, xviii; 
J. B. McMaster, United States, VI, ch. Ivii; E. E. Sparks, 
United States, II, ch. i. — Additional Readings: J. A. 
Woodburn, Political Parties, ch. iv; E. Stanwood, Hist, of 
the Presidency, chs. xi, xiv; W. G. Sumner, Andrew Jackson; 
C. E. Merriam, Political Theories, ch. v. — Sources: Con- 
temporaries, III, §§ 158-164; W. MacDonald, Select Docu- 
ments, Nos. 46-68; Source-Book, § 102. 

Lect. 18. (1619-1861) Negro Slavery: English; Indian;, 
indentured servants; African trade; state emancipa- 
tions (1777-1804); national questions; status of slaves; 
territorial questions; effects of slavery; John C. Calhoun. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§42-45, 99, 100, 150, 152; 
Guide, §§152, 161, 177, 186-194, 196-203. — Secondary 
Readings: M. S. Locke, Anti-Slavery in America, chs. i-iii, 
V, vi; A. B. Hart, Slavery and Abolition (Am. Nation, XVI), 
chs. iv-x. — Additional Readings: J. F. Rhodes, United 
States, I-V, passim; W. G. McDougall, Fugitive Slaves; W. 
E. B. DuBois, Suppression of the Slave Trade; W. H. Sie- 
bert. Underground Railroad. — Sources: Contemporaries, 
III, §§ 10, 65, 135, 136, 169-189; IV, §§ 15-48. 

Lect. 19. (1831-1861) The Abolition Controversy: 
early; New England; middle states; West; principles; 
propaganda; efforts to silence; effect on the South; 
effect on the North; William Lloyd Garrison. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§41-43; Guide, § 187. — Sec- 
ondary Readings: A. B. Hart, Slavery and Abolition {Am, 



§61] BRIEF HISTORICAL 103 

Nation, XVI), chs. xii-xviii, xxi; J. B. McMaster, United 
States, VI, 271-298; E. E. Sparks, United States, II, ch. vi; 
H. Von Hoist, United States, II, ch. ii. — Additional 
Readings: J. Schouler, United States, TV, 202-228, 296- 
313; A. B. Hart, Salmon P. Chase, chs. iii, iv; O. Johnson, 
William. Lloyd Garrison. — Sources: Contemporaries, III, 
§§ 174-178; Source-Book, §§ 74-101; Old South Leaflets, IV, 
Nos. 78-82. 

Lect. 20. (1829-1861) Territorial Expansion: Maine 
(1842); Texas (1845); Oregon (1846); Mexican War 
(1846); CaUfornia and New Mexico (1848); Gadsden 
(1853); designs in Cuba and Central America; develop- 
ment of West; territories and slavery; Daniel Webster. 
Secondary Readings: G. P. Garrison, Westward Exten- 
sion (Am. Nation, XVII), chs. i, ii, vi-x; E. E. Sparks, United 
States, II, chs. vii, viii; J. B. McMaster, United States, VI, 
458-463. — Additional Readings: H. Von Hoist, United 
States, II, ch. vii; III, ch. iii. — Sources: Contemporaries, 
III, §§ 185, 189; IV, §§ 7-22; W. MacDonald, Select Docu- 
ments, No. 71; Source-Book, §§ 103, 106. 

Lect. 21. (1854-1861) Causes of Civil War: intensity 
of feeling; territories; fugitives; personal liberty bills; 
Dred Scott (1857); John Brown (1859); election of 
Lincoln (1860); compromise; coercion; Fort Sumter; 
William H. Seward. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§45, 46, 150, 154, 191; Guide, 
§§ 200-203. — Readings: T. C. Smith, Parties and Slavenj 
{Am. Nation, XVIII), ch. xvii; F. E. Chad wick, Causes of 
the Civil War (Am. Nation, XIX). — Additional Read- 
ings: A. B. Hart, Salmon P. Chase, ch. v; J. F. Rhodes, 
United States, II; III; E. E. Sparks, United States, II, chs. 
xi, xii. — Sources: Contemporaries, IV, §§29-74; Source- 
Book, §§ 107-114; Am. Hist. Leaflets, Nos. 2, 23. 

[Class-room Paper No. 4. — ■ Responsibility for the 
Civil War. — Manual, § 157.] 



104 LECTURES AND READINGS [§61 

Lect. 22. (1861-1865) Lessons of the Civil War: out- 
break; lack of preparation; military problem; blockade; 
campaigns; commanders; resources; paper money; civil 
life; emancipation; end of the war; Abraham Lincoln. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§49, 50, 81, 82, 188; Guide, 
§§ 204-214. — Secondary Readings: J. K. Hosmer, Appeal 
to Arms {Am. Nation, XX), chs. xiv, xx; J. K. Hosmer, 
Outcome of the Civil War (Am. Nation, XXI), chs. i, iv, 
viii, ix, xv-xvii; A. B. Hart, Practical Essays, No. 11. — 
Additional Readings: J. F. Rhodes, United States, IH-V; 
J. W. Foster, Century of Am. Diplomacy, ch. x; Cambridge 
Modern Hist., VII, chs. xviii, xix; J. Schouler, United 
States, VI, ch. i. — Sources: Contemporaries, IV, §§75- 
140; Source-Book, §§ 115-126. 

§ 62. (1865-1903) Keadings on National Readjustment. 

Bibliography. — Manwa7, §§51, 52, 160; New Eng. 
Hist. Teachers' Assoc, Historical Sources, §§ 89-92. 

Secondary Readings. — A. B. Hart, Essentials of Am. 
Hist., chs. xxxi-xxxvi; J. K. Hosmer, Outcome of the Civil 
War {A7n. Nation, XXI), chs. viii, xiii; W. A. Dunning, 
Reconstruction (Am. Nation, XXII); W. W. Willoughby, 
Constitutional System, 85-99. 

Additional Readings. — J. F. Rhodes, United States, 
V, ch. XXX ; VI, chs. xxxi-xxxvi; A. B. Hart, Salmon P. 
Chase, chs. xiii-xiv; A. C. Coolidge, U. S. as a World Power, 
ch. vii; E. E. Sparks, National Development {Am. Nation, 
XXIII), chs. i, vi; J. H. Latane, America as a World Power 
(Am. Nation, XXV), chs. i-iv, vi, xii, xv. 

Sources. — Contemporaries, IV, §§ 141-157, 180-196; 
Source-Book, §§ 127-145. 

§ 63. (1865-1907) Lectures on National Readjustment. 
(Lects. 23-30.) 

Lect. 23. (1865-1877) Reconstruction: problems; Lin- 
coln's plan; Johnson's plan; congressional plan; stat- 



§63] BRIEF HISTORICAL 105 

utes (1867); military governments; negro suffrage; 

three amendments; new state governments; KuKlux 

(1871); force acts; rival governments; election of 1876; 

troops withdrawn (1877); James G. Blaine. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§51, 52, 160. — Secondary 
Readings: W. A. Dunning, Reconstruction {Am. Nation, 
XXII), chs. ii-vii, xi; A. B. Hart, Salmon P. Chase, chs. 
xiii, xiv. — Additional Readings: J. F. Rhodes, United 
States, VI, chs. xxxi, xxxiii; W. W. Willoughby, Constitu- 
tional System, ch. iv. — Sources: Contemporaries, IV, 
§§ 141-157; Source-Book, §§ 127-132. 

Lect. 24. (1867-1907) Finances and Financiers: war 
debts; reduction; repudiations; greenbacks; taxation; 
banks; silver (1878); resumption (1879); tariffs (1883- 
1897); public debts; panics; John Sherman. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§51-54, 117-120, 161, 222.— 
Secondary Readings: D. R. Dewey, Financial Hist., 
chs. xvii-xx; E. E. Sparks, National Development (Am. 
Nation, XXIII), ch. ix; D. R. Dewey, National Problems 
{Am. Nation, XXIV), chs. v, xiv, xx; J. H. Latane, Amer- 
ica as a World Power {Am. Nation, XXV), ch. vii. — 
Sources: Contemporaries, IV, §§ 158-172; Source-Book, 
§136. 

Lect. 25. (1866-1907) Immigrants and Land-seekers: 
rate of immigration; westward movement; new states; 
status of aliens; effect on institutions; Chinese; Japanese. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§99, 100, 119, 120, 155.— 
Readings: E. E. Sparks, National Development {Am. Nation, 
XXIII), chs. V, xiv; J. H. Latane, America as a World 
Power {Am. Nation, XXV), ch. xvii; C. D. Wright, Practi- 
l( cal Sociology, ch. vii; H. G. Wells, Future of America; ch. 
ix; A. B. Hart, National Ideals {Am. Nation, XXVI), ch. 
iii. — Additional Readings: R. Mayo-Smith, Emigration 
and Immigration; P. F. Hall, Immigration; J. R. Commons, 



106 LECTURES AND READINGS [§ 6S 

Races and Immigrants. — Sources: Commissioner of Immi- 
gration, Reports; Industrial Commission, Report, XV. 

[Class-room Paper No. 5. — Limitations on Immigra- 
tion. — Manual, § 225.] 

Lect. 26. (1867-1907) Commerce and Transportation: 
railroads; land grants; canals; consolidations; panic of 
1873; internal improvements; subsidies to steamers; 
interstate commerce act (1887); Sherman act (1890); 
Elkins act (1903); rate regulation act (1907); meat 
bill; drug bill; Panama Canal. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§119, 120, 138, 143. — Sec- 
ondary Readings: A. B. Hart, National Ideals {Am^ 
Nation, XXVI), chs. xiii, xvi; E. McClain, Constitutional 
Law, chs. xiv, xv; E. E. Sparks, National Development {Am. 
Nation, XXIII), ch. xiii. — Additional Readings: E. R. 
Johnson, Am. Railway Transportation ; J. H. Latane, 
America as a World Power {Am. Nation, XXV), ch. xii; 
W. F. Johnson, Four Centuries of the Canal, chs. vi-xvii. 

— Sources: Interstate Commerce Commission, Reports; 
Commissioner of Navigation, Reports; Industrial Commis- 
sion on Transportation, Report, IV, 1-32; Contemporaries,, 
IV, §§ 162-167. 

Lect. 27. (1867-1907) Industrial Combinations: cor- 
porations; Standard Oil; trusts; combines; labor organ- 
izations; strikes; syndicates; Wall Street; traction 
companies; effect on politics. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§ 119, 120; Actual Government. 
§207. — Secondary Readings: Actual Government, §§2()S- 
209, 212; A. B. Hart, National Ideals {Am. Nation, XXVI), 
ch. xiii; D. R. Dewey, National Problems {Am. Nation, 
XXIV), ch. xii; J. Bryce, Am. Commonwealth, II, ch. civ. 

— Additional Readings: C. D. Wright, Practical Soci- 
ology, ch. xxiv; F. H. Giddings, Democracy and Empire, ch. 
vii; E. R. A. Seligman, Economics, ch. vii. — Sources: 
Contemporaries, IV, §§ 203-209. 



§63] BRIEF HISTORICAL 107 

Lect. 28. (1867-1907) Administrative Reform: civil 
service; act of 1883; state acts; classified service; 
cities; boards and commissions; responsible executives; 
decisions by commissions. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§ 53, 54, 164; Actual Govern- 
ment, § 120. — Secondary Readings: A. B. Hart, National 
Ideals {Am. Nation, XXVI), ch. xiii; E. McClain, Constitu- 
tional Law, ch. xx; J. A. Fairlie, National Administration; 
J. A. Fairlie, Municipal Administration. — Additional 
Readings: F. J. Goodnow, Politics and Administration, 
chs. iv-x; B. Wyman, Administrative Law. — Sources: 
Source-Book, § 137: U. S. Statutes at Large, XXII, 403. 

Lect. 29. (1867-1907) Dependencies: Alaska (1867); 

seal question; northwestern states; annexation of 

Hawaii (1898); Porto Rico and Philippines (1899); 

Tutuila; Cuban protectorate; Insular decisions (1900- 

1901); William McKinley. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§ 53, 54, 163, 218, 219. — Sec- 
ondary Readings: J. H. Latane, America as a World 
Power (Arn. Nation, XXV), chs. viii, ix; A. B. Hart, Foun- 
dations, ch. v; A. C. Coolidge, U. S. as a Woi-ld Power, ch. 
vii. — Additional Readings: W. W. Willoughby, Consti- 
tutional System, chs. xi-xiv, xvii; W. F. Willoughby, Terri- 
tories and Dependencies. — Sources: Contemporaries, IV, 
§§ 186-191; Source-Book, § 149. 

[Class-room Paper No. 6. — Dependencies. — Manual, 
§ 163.] 

Lect. 30. (1880-1907) The World Power: isthmus ques- 
tion (1880); South America (1881); Chile (1890); 
Venezuela (1895); Spanish War (1898); Isthmus (1903); 
Hague (1907); responsil)i!ity; Theodore Roosevelt. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§53, 54, 85, 86, 194-196; 

Actual Government, §160. — Secondary Readings: J. H. 

Latane, America as a World Power (Am. Nation, XXV); 



108 LECTURES AND READINGS [§63 

A. C. Coolidge, U. S. as a ]Vorld Power, chs. vi-xix; D. R. 
Dewey, National Development (Am. Nation, XXIV), chs. 
i-xix. — Additional Readings: W. W. Willoughby, Con- 
stitutional System, chs. xi-xiv, xvii; J. A. Woodburn, Ameri- 
can Republic, ch. viii; A. B. Hart, Foundations, ch. vii. — 
Sources: Contemporaries, IV, §§ 173-196; Am. Hist. Leaf- 
lets, No. 34, Source-Book, § 145. 

§ 64. Ninety Lectures in American Diplomacy (Course C). 

The course covers the whole field of diplomacy respect- 
ing America. The first half-year will include the period 
from 1492 to about 1822; the second half-year covers the 
time from 1822 to the present day. 

Abbreviated references in this list are as follows: 

J. B. Moore, Arbitrations. — John Bassett Moore, History 
and Digest of the International Arbitrations to which the 
United States has been a Party (6 vols., Washington, 1895). 

Contemporaries. — Albert Bushnell Hart, American His- 
tory told by Contemporaries (4 vols., N. Y., 1897-1901). 

J. B. Moore, Digest. — John Bassett Moore, A Digest of 
International Law (8 vols., Washington, 1906). 

Foundations. — Albert Bushnell Hart, The Foufidations 
of American Foreign Policy (N. Y., 1901). 

Guide. — Edward Channing and Albert Bushnell Hart, 
Guide to the Study of American History (Boston, 1896). 

Manual. — This book (Cambridge, 1908). 

Source-Book. — Albert Bushnell Hart, Source-Book of 
American History (N. Y., 1899). 

The references appended to the separate lectures are to 
selected monographs or to special treatment in secondary 
works; they do not in general include detailed references to 
books included in the parallel readings nor to sources; 
and they call attention to only a small part of the avail- 
able literature. 



§66] DIPLOMATIC 109 

§ 65. (1492-1607) Readings on European Claims to America. 

Bibliography. — Manual, §167; Guide, §§82-87, 92- 
95. 

Secondary Readings. — E. G. Bourne, Spain in America 
(Am. Nation, III), chs. i-iii, v-vii, x-xiv; L. G. Tyler, England 
in America {A)n. Nation, IV), ch. i; R. G. Thwaites, France 
in America (Am. Nation, VII), ch. i; R. Hildreth, United 
States, I, ch. i; E. Channing, United States, I, chs. i-v. 

Additional Readings. — J. A. Woodburn, in Stepping 
Stones of Am. History, ch. i; J. R. Seeley, Expansion of 
England, course 1, lects. 3-7; J. Winsor, Christopher Colum- 
bus; J. Winsor, Narrative and Critical Hist., II; III, chs. 
i-iv; IV, chs. i, ii; J. Fiske, Discovery of America; J. B. 
Moore, Digest, § § 80, 81 ; Cambridge Modern History, VII, 
chs. i-iv. 

§ 66. (1492-1607) Lectures on European Claims to America. 

(Lects. 1-5.) 

Lect. 1. Aims, methods, and materials of the course: 
BibHography and suggestions in Manual, §§ 1-13, 
19-21, 166-197, 270-282; A. B. Hart, Foundations, 
ch. viii; Guide, §§ 17, 21, 25, 28, 29, 32, 35. 

Lect. 2. (1300-1500) Territorial and Commercial con- 
ceptions: rivah'ies in Europe; conditions of foreign 
trade; Oriental trade. 
Bibliography: Guide, §61. — Secondary Readings: E. 

P. Clieyney, European Background (Am. Nation, I), chs. i-v; 

E. G. Bourne, Spain in America (Am. Nation, III), ch. i; E. 

Channing, United States, I, ch. i; J. R. Seeley, Growth of 

British Policy, I, part i, ch. vi. — Sources: Contemporaries, 

I, §§44-47. 

Lect. 3. (1492-1500) Discovery op America: interna- 
tional significance; diplomatic adjustments; Bull of 
1493; treaty of Tordesillas. 



110 LECTURES AND READINGS [§66 

Bibliography: Manual, ^ 1Q7; Guide, §§82-84. — Sec- 
ondary Readings: E. G. Bourne, Spain in America {Am. 
Nation, III), chs. ii-iv; E. Channing, United States, I, ch. i; 
R. G. Thwaites, France in America (Am. Nation, Nil), ch. i; 
W. F. Johnson, Four Centuries of the Canal, ch. i. — Addi- 
tional Readings: J. Winsor, Columbus; J. Fiske, Discovery 
of America; H. Harisse, Diplomatic Hist, of America. — 
Sources: Contemporaries, I, §§ 17-20; Source-Book, § 1. 

[Class-room Paper No. 1. — Principles' of European 
Claims to Wild Territory. — Manual, § 167.] 

Lect. 4. (1500-1600) Spanish and French Claims: dis- 
coveries; explorations; colonies; rivalries. 
Bibliography: Manual, §172; Guide, §§85-99. — Sec- 
ondary Readings: E. G. Bourne, Spain in America (Am. 
Nation, III), chs. vi-xvi; R. G. Thwaites, France in America 
(Am. Nation, VII), ch. i; E. Channing, United States, I, 
chs, ii-iv. — Additional Readings: F. Parkman, France 
in the New World, 1-222; J. Fiske, Discovery of America, II; 
R. G. Watson, Spanish and Portuguese in South America, I; 
J. Winsor, Narrative and Critical Hist., II, chs. iii-viii. — 
Sources: Contemporaries, I, §§6, 21-25, 34-36; Hakluyt, 
Voyages. 

Lect. 5. (1496-1600) English Claims: discoveries; the 
Cabots; John Rut; Gilbert and Raleigh; navigators. 
Bibliography: Manual, §171; Guide, §§92-95. — Sec- 
ondary Readings: E. G. Bourne, Spain in America (Am. 
Nation, III), ch. v; L. G. Tyler, England in America (Am. 
Nation, IV), chs. i, ii; E. Channing, United States, I, ch. v. 
— Additional Readings: J. A. Doyle, English Colonies, I, 
ch. iv; C. P. Lucas, Historical Geography, V, ch. i; J. Winsor, 
Mississippi Basin, ch. xv. — Sources: Contemporaries, 
I, §§26-33, 48; Source-Book, §§2, 4, 5; E. Arber, First 
three English Books on America. 



§68] DIPLOMATIC 111 

§ 67. (1607-1689) Readings on Rival Colonial Systems. 

Bibliography. — MawwaZ, §167; Guide, §§ 90, 91, 97, 
104. 

Secondary Readings. — L. G. Tyler, England in America 
{Am. Nation, IV), chs. iii-xvii; R. G. Thwaites, France in 
America {Am. Nation, VII), chs. i-iv; E. Channing, United 
States, 1, chs. vii-xix; F. Parkman, Pioneers of New France, 
208-420. 

Additional Readings. — J. A. Doyle, English in Amer- 
ica, chs. vi-xii; W. B. Munro, Seigniorial System, chs. ii-x; 
J. R. Seeley, Growth of British Policy, I, parts ii-iv; Justin 
Winsor, Cartier to Frontenac; Justin Winsor, Narrative and 
Critical Hist., Ill, chs. v, vi; IV, chs. iii, v, viii, ix. 

Sources. — Contemporaries, I, §§34-54; Documents re- 
lating to the Colonial Hist, of New York (see Index vol.); 
E. Arber, Pilgrim Fathers. 

§ 68. (1607-1689) Lectures on Rival Colonial Systems. 
(Lects. 6 -9.) 

Lect. 6. (1600-1700) Treaties with the Indians: nego- 
tiations; councils; interpreting; land cessions; alliances. 

Bibliography: Manual, § 168. — Secondary Readings: 
L. Farrand, Basis of American History {Am. Nation, II), chs. 
vi-xvi; E. Channing, United States, I (see Index); F. W. 
Hodge, Handbook of American Indians (Bureau of Am. 
Ethnology, Bulletin, No. 30); R. Hildreth, United States, I 
(see index in vol. VI). — Sources: W. W. Hening, Stat- 
utes, I, 104-109, 323-326, 382-384, 458-459; Contempora- 
ries, I, §§60, 64, 91, 92, 113, 123, 127, 133, 152; C. C. 
Royce, Indian Land Cessions in the U. S. (Bureau of Am. 
Ethnology, Eighteenth Annual Report, 1896-97), 527-646. 

[Class-room Paper No. 2. — Theory of Indian Land 
Holding. — Manual, § 168.] 



112 LECTURES AND READINGS [§68 

Lect. 7. (1600-1689) English international Relations 

IN America: treaties of St. Germain (1632); Westphalia 

(1648); Breda (1667); Madrid (1670). 

Bibliography: Guide, §§90, 91, 131. — Secondary 

Readings: L. G. Tyler, England in America (Am. Nation, 

IV), ch. xvii; E. Channing, United States, I, 108, 461-485; 

II, ch. viii. — Sources: Contem/poraries, I, §§37, 43; 

Source-Book, § 36; General Collection of Treatys (London, 

1732), I, 1-38, (Westphalia); 127-135, (Breda); 162-167, 

(Madrid) ; see also George Chalmers, Collection of Treaties. 

Lect. 8. (1600-1664) Dutch and Swedes Expelled: 
Dutch settlement (1618); Thirty Years War; Swedish 
settlement (1638); Dutch annexations (1655); Conquest 
of Dutch (1664); Willem Usselinx. 
Bibliography: Guide, §§ 104, 107; J. F. Jameson, Willem 
Usselinx, Am. Hist. Assoc, Papers, II, 349-368. — Sec- 
ondary Readings: L. G. Tyler, England in America (Am. 
Nation, IV), ch. xvii; E. Channing, United States, I, ch. 
xvii; C. M. Andrews, Colonial Self-Government (Am. Nation, 
V), ch. V. — Additional Readings: R. Hildreth, United 
States, I, ch. xiii; J. Fiske, Dutch and Quaker Colonies, I, 
chs. iv-ix. — Sources: Contemporaries, I, §§150-155, 158, 
159; Documents relating to the Colonial Hist, of New York 
(see Index vol.). 

Lect. 9. (1660-1770) British Acts of Trade: statutes; 
commissions; smuggling; piracy; Edward Randolph. 
Bibliography: Manual, § 169; Guide, § 133. — Sec- 
ondary Readings: C. M. Andrews, Colonial Self-Govern- 
ment (Am. Nation, V), chs. i, xix; E. Channing, United 
States, I, chs. xviii, xix; E. Channing, Navigation Laws; 
G. L. Beer, Commercial Policy of England toward the Colo- 
nies, chs. i-iv; E. L. Lord, Industrial Experiments in the 
British Colonies. — Additional Readings: W. J. Ashley, 
Surveys, Historic and Economic, 309-360; P. S. Reinsch, 



§ 70] DIPLOMA TIC 113 

Colonial Government, chs. v, xiv, xv; W. B. Weeden, Social 
and Econ. Hist, of Neiv England, I, ch. vii. — Sources: 
Contemporaries, I, §§ 83, 154; IT, §§ 19, 45, 46, 85, 87; Am. 
Hist. Leaflets, No. 19; W. MacDonald, Select Charters, Nos. 
22, 23, 25, 28, 34; E. Randolph, Letters. 

[Class-room Paper No. 3. — Execution of the British 
Acts of Trade. — Manual, § 170.] 

§ 69. (1689-1775) Readings on Struggle for Supremacy in 
America. 

Bibliography. — Mam/a/, § 170; Guide, §§ 131, 132. 

Secondary Readings. — E. Channing, United States, II, 
chs. xxii, xxiii; E. B. Greene, Provincial America (Am. 
Nation, VI), chs. vii-x; R. G. Thwaites, France in America 
(Am. Nation, VII), chs. vi, vii, x-xvii; R. Hildreth, United 
States, II, chs. xx, xxii, xxv, xxvi; M. Burrows, Foreign 
Policy of Great Britain, chs. iii-vi. 

Additional Readings. — • A. T. Mahan, Influence of Sea 
Power on Hist. 1600-1783; W. E. H. Lecky, England in 
the Eighteenth Century, I-III; F. Parkman, Frontenac and 
New Franch; Half Century of Conflict; Montcalm and Wolfe; 
S. Walpole, Foreign Relations, ch. i; J. Winsor, Narrative 
and Critical Hist., IV, chs. iv, vii; V, chs. i, vii, viii; J. 
Winsor, Mississippi Basin; Cambridge Modern Hist., VII, 
chs. ii-iv; J. A. Doyle, English Colonies. 

Sources. — Contemporaries, II, §§117-119; Documents 
relating to the Colonial Hist, of New York (see Index vol.); 
Collection of Treatys (1732). 

§ 70. (1689-1775) Lectures on Struggle for Supremacy in 

America. (Lects. 10-15.) 

Lect. 10 (1689) Status of International Law: pub- 
licists; sovereignty; intercourse; the Levant; neutrality; 
privateers; prizes; mercenaries; armies in the field; 
title to wild territory; piracy; authentication of vessels; 
balance of power. 



114 LECTURES AND READINGS [§70 

Bibliography: Manual, § 170. — Secondary Readings: 
H. Wheaton, Hist, of the Law of Nations; Wilson and Tucker, 
International Law, §§9, 12, 23, 35; T. J. Lawrence, Inter- 
national Law, §§ 30-41; J. B. Moore, Digest, 1, §§1, 2; 
C. Calvo, Le Droit International, I, 35-47; E. S. Creasy, 
International Law, chs. ii-v; T. D. Woolsey, International 
Laid, App. 

Lect. 11. (1689-1740) Intercolonial Wars: Spanish 
Succession; Louisiana (1699); Indian allies; treaty of 
Ryswick (1697); of Utrecht (1713); Asiento (1713); 
boundaries of Florida; treaty of Seville (1729); of 
Pardo (1739); Louis XIV. 

Bibliography: Guide, §131. — Secondary Readings: 
E. Channing, United States, II, ch. xxii; E. B. Greene, Pro- 
vincial America {Am. Nation, VI), chs. vii-x; R. Hildreth, 
United States, II, chs. xx, xxii; J. W. Gerard, Peace of 
Utrecht. — Soxjuces: Contemporaries, II, §§117-121; W. 
MacDonald, Select Charters, Nos. 45, 47; W. Coxe, Robert 
Walpole; Collection of Treatijs (London, 1732), I, 309-317 
(Ryswick); III, 398-492 (Utrecht); 375-397 (Asiento); IV, 
201-209 (Seville); 213-216 (Cherokee Treaty); House of 
Commons, Journals, XXIII, 213 (Pardo). 

Lect. 12. (1740-1756) Intercolonial Wars renewed: 

claims on the Ohio; sea power; peace of Aix la Chapelle 

(1748); war in the West (1754); European w^ar (1756); 

Robert Walpole. 

Bibliography: Guide, §132. — Secondary Readings: 

R. G. Thwaites, France in America {Am. Nation, VII), chs. 

vii, ix-xi; R. Hildreth, X/'mted States, II, cl;. xxv; Cambridge 

Modern History, VII, ch. iv; A. T. Mahan, Sea Power, chs. 

vii, viii. — Sources: Contemporaries, II, §§122-127; W. 

Coxe, Memoirs of Sir Robert Walpole; W. MacDonald, Select 

Charters, No. 51 (treaty of Aix la Chapelle). 



§70] DIPLOMATIC 115 

Lect. 13. (1756-1763) Seven Years War: privateering; 
neutral trade; rule of 1756; treaty of Paris (1763); 
reconstruction of the map of America; Earl of Chatham. 

Bibliography: Manual, §170; Guide, §132. — Secon- 
dary Readings: E. Channing, United States, ch. xxiii; R. 
G. Thwaites, France in America {Am. Nation, VII), chs. 
xii-xvii; R. Hildreth, United States, II, chs. xxvi, xxvii; 
H. Wheaton, Hist of the Law of Nations, 200-229; J. B. 
Moore, Digest, VII, §180. — Additional Readings: F. 
Parkman, Montcalm and Wolfe; B. Fernow, Ohio V-alley in 
Colonial Days, chs. iv-vii. — Sources: Contempoi'aries, II, 
§§ 128, 129; Source-Book, §§ 38-40; Am. Hist. Leaflets, No. 
5; G. S. Kimball, Correspondence of William Pitt. 

[Class-room Paper No. 4. — Rule of 1756. — Manual, 
^ 170.] 

Lect. 14. (1689-1775) Imperial Relations: Sugar Act 
(1733); Sugar Act (1764); local negotiations; relations 
with French and Spanish colonies; representation in 
England; Proclamation of 1763; Quebec Act (1774). 
Bibliography: Guide, §§133, 135. — Secondary Read- 
ings: E. B. Greene, Provincial America {Am. Nation, VI), 
chs. xi-xiii; G. E. Howard, Preliminaries of the Revolution 
{Am. Nation, VIII); R. Hildreth, United States, II, chs. 
xxviii, xxix. — Additional Readings: T. Roosevelt, Win- 
ning of the West, I; V. Coffin, Province of Quebec, chs. v, vi. 
— Sources: Contemporaries, II, § 73; W. MacDonald, Select 
Charters, No. 55; 6 Geo. II, ch. xiii (Sugar Act, 1733); 
4 Geo. Ill, ch. XV. (Sugar Act, 1764); 14 Geo. Ill, ch. Ixxxiii 
(Quebec Act); Ain. Hist. Leaflets, No. 5. 

Lect. 15. (1689-1775) Foreign Immigration: English; 

Huguenot; German; Scotch-Irish; Irish; West Indian; 

slave-trade; naturalization and denization. 

Bibliography: Guide, § 145. — Readings: E. B. Greene, 

Provincial America {Am. Nation, VI), ch. xiv; J. R. Com- 



116 LECTURES AND READINGS [§70 

mons, Races and Immigrants, ch. ii; F. B. Dexter, Estimates 
of Colonial Population; P. F. Hall, Immigration, ch. i; R. 
Mayo-Smith, Emigration and Immigration, 12-15, 33-40; 
E. E. Proper, Colonial Immigration Laws. 

[Class-room Paper No. 5. — Bases of English Claims 
TO America. — Manual, § 171.] 

§ 71. (1775-1788) Readings on Diplomacy of the Revolution 
and Confederation. 

Bibliography. — Manual, § 174; Guide, §§139, 141; J. 
Winsor, Narrative and Critical Hist., VII; F. Wharton^ 
Diplomatic Correspondence of the Am. Revolution. 

Secondary Readings. — C. H. Van Tyne, Am. Revolu- 
tion (Am. Nation, IX), chs. xii, xvi, xvii; A. C. McLaughlin,. 
Confederation and Constitution (Am. Nation, X), chs. i, ii, 
vi; J. W. Foster, Century of Am. Diplomacy, chs. i, ii; H. 
Wheaton, Hist, of the Law of Nations, 290-309. 

Additional Readings. — R. Hildreth, United States, III, 
chs. XXXV, xxxviii, xxxix, xlv; J. B. Moore, Digest, V, § 734; 
A. B. Hart, Foundations, §§ 1-5, 14, 23, 42-44, 57-61; F. 
Wharton, Diplomatic Correspondence of the Am. Revolution, 
I, Introduction; E. E. Hale, Franklin in France, I; W. E. H. 
Lecky, England in the Eighteenth Century, IV, chs. xiv, xv; 
J. T. Morse, John Adams, chs. vii-ix; G. Pellew, John Jay, 
chs. vi-ix; W. H. Trescot, Diplomacy of the Revolution; T. 
Lyman, Am. Diplomacy, I, chs. i-vii, xi-xiii; J. Winsor, 
Narrative and Critical Hist., VI, chs. vii-viii; VII, chs. i, 
ii, iii (Note A). 

Sources. — J. Sparks, Diplomatic Correspondence of the 
Am. Revolution (12 vols.); F. Wharton, Diplomatic Cor- 
respondence of the Am. Revolution (6 vols.); Secret Journals 
of Congress (4 vols.) ; Diplomatic Correspondence, (1783-1789); 
Works of Benjamin Franklin; John Adams; John Jay; Silas 
Deane; Thomas Jefferson. 



§ 72] DIPLOMA TIC 117 

§ 72. (1775-1788) Lectures on Diplomacy of the Revolution 
and Confederation. (Lects. 16-25.) 

Lect. 16. (1775-1781) The United States as a Foreign 
Power: organization; committees; representatives 
abroad; Declaration of Independence; secretary; foreign 
recognition; Robert R. Livingston. 
Bibliography: Manual, § 30; Guide, §§ 136, 137, 153. — 
Secondary Readings: J. B. Moore, Am. Diplomacy, ch. i; C. 
H. Van Tyne, Am. Revolution {Am. Nation, IX), clis. iv, v, 
xii; R. Hildreth, United States, III, ch. xxxv. — Addi- 
tional Readings: F. Wharton, Diplomatic Correspondence, 
I, Introd.; W. E. Curtis, U. S. and Foreign Powers, ch. i. — 
Sources: Contemporaries, II, §§ 184-189, 199; Journals of 
the Continental Congress, passim (see Index) ; U. S. Treaties 
and Conventions, 296-314; F. Wharton, Diplomatic Cor- 
respondence of the Am. Revolution, passim. 

Lect. 17. (1775-1782) Military and Naval Questions: 
belHgerency; privateering; prize; spies; prisoners; con- 
quests; John Paul Jones. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§ 169, 174. — Secondary 
Readings: C. H. Van Tyne, Am. Revolution (Am. 
Nation, IX), chs. v-x, xvii; A. C. McLaughlin, Confedera- 
tion and Constitution {Am. Nation, X), ch. i; R. Hildreth, 
United States, III, chs. xxxv, xxxix. — Additional Read- 
ings: Cambridge Modern History, VII, ch. vii; J. B. Moore, 
Digest, I, § 60. — Sources: Contemporaries, II, §§ 177, 178, 
183, 194, 201, 213, 214; Correspondence in F. Wharton, 
Diplomatic Correspondence (see Index). 

Lect. 18. (1776-1778) Negotiations with France: loans; 

Spanish relations; treaties of 1778; subsidies; war 

with England; Silas Deane. 
Bibliography: Manual, §174; Guide, §139. — Secon- 
dary Readings: C. H. Van Tyne, Am. Revolution (Am. 
Nation, IX), ch. xii; R. Hildreth, United States, III, chs. 



118 LECTURES AND READINGS [§72 

xxxviii, xxxix. — Additional Readings: J. B. Moore^ 
Digest, V, §821; H. Doniol; Participation de la France, N^ 
passim. — Sources: Contemporaries, II, § 199; N. Y. Hist. 
Society, Deane Papers; treaties in U. S. Treaties and 
Conventions, 296-389; Correspondence in F. Wharton,. 
Diplomatic Correspondence (see Index). 

[Class-room Paper No. 6. — Execution of the 
Spanish Colonial Policy. — Manual, § 172.] 

Lect. 19. (1778-1782) Commercial Negotiations: Con- 
tinental relations; Armed Neutrality (1780); Dutch 
treaty (1782); other negotiations; John Jay. 
Bibliography: Manual, §174; Guide, §153. — Secon- 
dary Readings: C. H. Van Tyne, Am. Revolution {Am. 
Nation, IX), ch. xvii; A. C. McLaughlin, Confederation and 
Constitution {Am. Nation, X), ch. i; R. Hildreth, United 
States, III, ch. xli. — Sources: John Jay, Works, passim; 
U. S. Treaties and Conventions, 749-760; Correspondence in 
F. Wharton, Diplomatic Correspondence (see Index). 

Lect. 20. (1776-1782) Negotiations with England: 
peace proposition of 1776; negotiations of 1778; in- 
structions of 1778; instructions of 1781; commissioners 
to Paris; John Adams. 
Bibliography: Manual, §174; Guide, U 139, 141. — 
Secondary Readings: C. H. Van Tyne, Am. Revolu- 
tion {Am. Nation, IX), chs. xiii, xvii; A. C. McLaughlin, 
Confederation and Constitution {Am. Nation, X), ch. i. — 
Additional Readings: R. Hildreth, United States, III, 
ch. xlv; J. W. Foster, Century of Am. Diplomacy, ch. i. — 
Sources: W. B. Donne, Correspondence of George III and 
Lord North; J. Adams, Works, VII; instructions in Secret 
Journals of Congress; Journals of the Continental Congress 
(Ford ed.); correspondence in J. Adams, Works, VIII; F. 
Wharton, Diplomatic Correspondence (see Index). 



§ 72] DIPLOMA TIC 1 1 9 

Lect. 21. (1776-1781) Territorial Conquests: Canada; 
New Providence; Whitehaven; Six Nations; Northwest; 
Southwest; George Rogers Clark. 
Bibliography: Manual, §173; Guide, §150. — Sec- 
ondary Readings: C. H. Van Tyne, Am. Revolution {Am. 
Nation, IX), ch. xv; R. Hildreth, United States, III, ch. 
xxxviii. — Additional Readings: W. F. Johnson, Cen- 
tury of Expansion, ch. iii; T. Roosevelt, Winning of the 
West, II, III; J. Winsor, Westwa7-d Movement; B. A. Hins- 
dale, Old Northwest. — Sources: Contemporaries, II, §201; 
Source-Book, §§ 66, 67; Am. Hist. Leaflets, Nos. 22, 32. 

Lect. 22. (1776-1788) Early Territorial Policy of 
THE United States: Indian affairs; County of Illi- 
nois (1779); Resolution of 1780; Indian Treaties; Ordi- 
nance of 1784; Land Ordinance (1785); Northwest 
Ordinance (1787). 
Bibliography: Manual, §173; Guide, §150. — Sec- 
ondary Readings: C. H. Van Tyne, A7n. Revolution (Am. 
Nation, IX), ch. xv; A. C. McLaughlin, Confederation and 
Constitution (Am. Nation, X), ch. vii; W. F. Johnson, 
Century of Expansion, chs. i, ii.. — Additional Readings: 
R. Hildreth, United States, III, ch. xxxviii; T. Roosevelt, 
Winning of the West, II, III. — Sources: Contemporaries, 
II, §201; W. MacDonald, Select Documents, No. 4; Am. 
Hist. Leaflets, Nos. 5, 16. 

[Class-room Paper No. 7." — Territorial Policy dur- 
ing THE Revolution and Confederation. — Manual, 
§ 173.] 

Lect. 23. (1782-1783) Negotiations for Peace: Euro- 
pean status; negotiations; Vergennes; preliminary treaty 
of Paris (1782); European adjustments; definitive 
treaty (1783); Benjamin Franklin. 
Bibliography: Manual, § 174; Guide, § 141. — Sec- 
ondary Readings: A. C. McLaughlin, Confederation and 



120 LECTURES AND READINGS [§72 

Constitution (Am. Nation, X), ch. ii; R. Hildreth, United 
States, III, ch. xlv; J. B. Moore, Am. Diplomacy, ch. i; 
J. B. Moore, Digest, V, §§ 824, 825. — Sources: Contempo- 
raries, II, §§ 215-217; III, § 48; W. MacDonald, Select Docu- 
ments, No. 3; Correspondence in F. Wharton, Diplomatic 
Correspondence (see Index). 

[Class-room Paper No. 8. — Breaking the Instruc- 
tions OF Congress at Paris. — Manual, § 174.] 

Lect. 24. (1782-1788) General Commercial Negotia- 
tions: Swedish treaty (1783); Prussian treaty (1785); 
Barbary powers; Spanish boundary; Mississippi ques- 
tion; draft treaty with Spain (1786); French consular 
convention (1788); Thomas Jefferson. 
Bibliography: Manual, § 181; Guide, § 152. — Sec- 
ondary Readings: A. C. McLaughlin, Confederation and 
Constitution (Am. Nation, X), ch. v; R. Hildreth, United 
States, III, ch. xlvi; J. B. Moore, Digest, V, §§ 821, 889; E 
Schuyler, Am. Diplo7nacy, ch. ix. — Sources: Contempo- 
raries, III, § 26; H. S. Randall, Thomas Jefferson, 1, chs. xi- 
xiii; Earl of Sheffield, Observations; Correspondence in Dip- 
lomatic Correspondence of the U. S. {1783-1789), passim. 

Lect. 25. (1783-1788) Relations with England: boun- 
daries; West Indian trade; commerce; posts; debts; 
Negroes; loyalists; William Pitt. 
Bibliography: Manual, §173; Guide, §153. — Read- 
ings: A. C. McLaughlin, Confederation and Constitution 
{Am. Nation, X), ch. vi; R. Hildreth, United States, III, 
ch. xlvi; J. B. Moore, Arbitrations, I, 1-5, 90-118, 271-273. 
— Additional Readings: Earl Russell, Charles James Fox; 
Earl Stanhope, William Pitt. — Sources: Contemporaries, 
III, §§ 49-53, 92. Correspondence in Diplomatic Cor- 
respondence of the U. S. {1783-1789), passim. 



§74] DIPLOMATIC 121 

§ 73. (1789-1815) Readings on Complications of the Napo- 
leonic Wars. 

Bibliography.— ManwaZ, §§33-36; Guide, §§162, 164, 
170-172. 

Readings. — J. S. Bassett, Federalist System {Am. 
Nation, XI), chs. vi, viii, xv, xvi; E. Channing, Jefferson- 
ian System (Am. Nation, XII), chs. xiii, xv-xx; Cambridge 
Modern History, VII, chs. ix-x; IX; J. B. Moore, Am. 
Diplomacy, ch. ii; J. W. Foster, Century of Am. Diplomacy, 
chs. iv-vii. 

Additional Readings. — A. T. Mahan, Influence of Sea 
Power upon the French Revolution and Empire; D. C. Gil- 
man, James Monroe, chs. iii, iv; T. Lyman, Am. Diplomacy, 
I, chs. vi-x; W. H. Trescot, Diplomatic Hist, of the Admin- 
istrations of Washington and Adams; J. Winsor, Narrative 
and Critical Hist., VII, ch. vii; H. Adams, United States. 

Sources. — Contemporaries, III, §§93-98, 111-129; Am. 
State Papers, Foreign, I-IV; J. B. Moore, Digest, VII, passim; 
works of Gouverneur Morris; James Monroe; John Jay; John 
Adams; Rufus King; Thomas Jefferson; James Madison; 
John Quincy Adams; Albert Gallatin; Henry Clay. 

§ 74. (1789-1815) Lectures on Complications of the Napo- 
leonic Wars. (Lects. 26-41.) 

Lect. 26. (1789) Status op International Law: balance 
of powers; status of weak powers; dependencies; feder- 
ations; neutral trade; tradition of isolation of the United 
States; George Washington. 
Bibliography: Manual, § 175. — Secondary Readings: 
J. B. Moore, Digest, VII, § 1336; Wilson and Tucker, Inter- 
national Law, §§12&, 122, 130; H. Wheaton, Hist, of the 
Law of Nations, 78-88, 106-175; M. Burrows, Foreign Policy 
of Great Britain, chs. vii, viii. — Sources: Contemporaries, 
III, § 26; M. Hill, Liberty Documents, ch. xviii; illustrations 
in treatises on international law. 



122 LECTURES AND READINGS [§74 

Lect. 27. (1789-1907) Department of State: organiza- 
tion; development; officials; appointment; functions; 
removal; directing minds; foreign representatives. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§31, 212; Guide, §157. — 

Secondary Readings: J. S. Bassett, Federalist System (Am. 

Nation, XI), ch. i; J. A. Fairlie, National Administration,. 

ch. vi; J. W. Foster, Practice of Diplomacy; R. Hildreth,, 

United States, IV, 102-109. — Additional Readings: E. 

Schuyler, Am. Diplomacy, chs. i-iii; W. E. Curtis, U. 

S. and Foreign Powers, ch. i. — Sources: Contemporaries^ 

III, §§ 85, 86; J. B. Moore, Digest, passim (see Index). 
[Class-room Paper No. 9. — American Policy of 

Isolation. — Manual, § 175.] 

Lect. 28. (1789-1794) Relations with England: Nootka 
Sound Convention (1790); Discovery of River Colum- 
bia (1792); negotiations with Hammond; execution 
of treaty of 1783; loyalists; posts; debts; negroes; 
West India trade; Gouverneur Morris. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§32, 76. — Secondary Read- 
ings: J. S. Bassett, Federalist System (Am. Nation, XI), ch. 
iv; J. B. Moore, Digest, V, § 826; J. B. Moore, Arbitrations, 
I, 273, 274. — Additional Readings: T. Roosevelt, Gouv- 
erneur Morris, chs. vii-x; R. Hildreth, United States, IV, 
223, 224. — Sources: Contemporaries, III, §92; Corre- 
spondence in Am. State Papers Foreign, I (see Index). 

Lect. 29. (1789-1793) France and Neutrality: Revo- 
lution; proclamation of 1793; effect of treaties; diplo- 
macy of Genet; Alexander Hamilton. 
Bibliography: Manual, §176; Guide, §162. — Secon- 
dary Readings: J. S. Bassett, Federalist System (Am, 
Nation, XI), ch. vi; J. B. Moore, Am. Diplomacy, ch. ii; J. 
B. Moore, Digest, V, § 821. — Additional Readings: J. B. 
Moore, Arbitrations, V, 4399-4414; H. C. Lodge, George 
Washington, II, ch. iv; H. C. Lodge, Alexander Hamilton, 



§74] DIPLOMATIC 123 

ch. viii; R. Hildreth, United States, IV, 411-477. — Sources: 
Contemporaries, 111, §§ 92-95; text of neutrality procla- 
mation in Richardson, Messages and Papers, I, 138. 

Lect. 30. (1793-1796) Neutral Trade: English captures; 
contraband; impressment; Jay Treaty (1794); ratifica- 
tion (1796); Edmund Randolph. 
Bibliography: Manual, §176; Guide, §162. — Secon- 
dary Readings: J. S. Bassett, Federalist System (Am. 
Nation, XI), ch. viii; R. Hildreth, United States, IV, 539- 
615; J. B. Moore, Digest, V, § 827; J. B. Moore, Diplomacy, 
ch. ii; J. B. Moore, Arbitrations, I, 299-316. — Additional 
Readings: G. Pellew, John Jay; A. Johnston, Political His- 
tory (Woodburn ed.), I, ch. viii. — Sources: Contempo- 
raries, III, §§ 96, 97; E. Randolph, Vindication of Mr. 
Randolph's Resignation; text of Jay treaty in U . S. Treaties 
and Conventions, 379; Correspondence in Am. State Papers 
Foreign, 1, passim. 

Lect. 31. (1789-1802) Adjustment with Spain: Designs 
on Louisiana; treaty of the Escurial (1795); Miranda 
project (1798); deposit withdrawn (1798); French in- 
fluence; draft convention of 1802; C. C. Pinckney. 
Bibliography: Manual, §34; Guide, §162. — Secon- 
dary Readings: J. S. Bassett, Federalist System (Am. 
Nation, XI), ch. v; R. Hildreth, United States, IV, 569, 
570; V, 238; J. B. Moore, Digest, V, § 883. — Additional 
Readings: J. B. Moore, Arbitrations, II, 991-1005; E. 
Schuyler, Am. Diplomacy, 271-281. — Sources: Text of 
Treaties in U. S. Treaties and Conventions, 1006-1014 
(Treaty of 1795); Am. State Papers, Foreign, II, 475, 476 
(Convention of 1802). 

Lect. 32. (1794-1800) Collision with France: Monroe 
episode (1794-1796); Pinckney episode (1797); X. Y. Z. 
episode (1797); informal war (1798); treaty of 1800; 
spoliation claims; James Monroe. 



124 LECTURES AND READINGS [§74 

Bibliography: Manual, §§34, 176; Guide, §164. — 
Secondary Readings: J. S. Bassett, Federalist System (Am. 
Nation, XI), chs. xv, xvi; R. Hildreth, United States, IV, 
645-704; V, 94-159; J. B. Moore, Arbitrations, V, 4414- 
4432; D. C. Gilman, James Monroe. — Additional Read- 
ings: A. Johnston, Political History (Woodburn ed.), ch. 
ix; J. B. Moore, Digest, V, §821. — Sources: Contempo- 
raries, III, § 99; J. Monroe, View of the Conduct of the Exe- 
cutive; Text of treaties in U . S. Treaties and Conventions, 
322-330; text of X. Y. Z. in Am. State Papers Foreign, II, 
150, et seq. 

[Class-room Paper No. 10. — Was France Entitled 
TO Complain of the Jay Treaty? — Manual, § 176.] 

Lect. 33. (1796-1802) Adjustment with England: neu- 
tral trade; impressments; debts; boundary commis- 
sions (1798); Robbins case; Rufus King. 

Bibliography: Manual, §§34, 36; Guide, §170. — Sec- 
ondary Readings: J. S. Bassett, Federalist System (Am. 
Nation, XI), ch. xix; R. Hildreth, United States, V, 220- 
225; J. B. Moore, Arbiiratiqns, 1, 5-43 (boundaries), 271- 
298 (debts), 316-349 (neutral trade); H. Wheaton, Hist, of 
the Law of Nations, 345-401. — Sources: U. S. Treaties 
and Conventions, 395-399. 

[Class-room Paper No. 11. — Allegiance and Im- 
pressments. — Manual, § 177.] 

Lect. 34. (1800-1815) Napoleon Bonaparte; rise in 
France; ambitions; European treaties; colonial policy; 
influence on international law; relation to American 
diplomacy. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§34,36. — Secondary Read- 
ings: E. Channing, Jeffersonian System (Am. Nation, XII), 
chs. V, xiii, xviii; W. M. Sloane, Napoleon's Plans for a 
Colonial System (Am. Hist. Review, IV, 439-455). — Addi- 
tional Readings: W. M. Sloane, Napoleon Bonaparte; H. 



§74] DIPLOMATIC 125 

Adams, United States, II-VI (see Index vol.); Cambridge 
Modern History, IX; J. C. Ropes, First Napoleon. — Sources: 
Contemporaries, III, § 112; Am. State Papers Foreign, II, 
III (see Index). 

Lect. 35. (1800-1803) Annexation of Louisiana: Treaty 
of St. Ildefonso (1800); treaty of 1803; claims, boun- 
daries, rights of inhabitants; Robert R. I^ivingston. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§36, 178; Guide, §168.— 
Secondary Readings: E. Channing, Jeffersonian System 
{Am. Nation, XII), chs. iv-vi; H. Adams, United States, II, 
chs. ii-vi; T. Roosevelt, Winning of the West, IV, 261-286. — 
Additional Readings: A. B. Hart, Foundations, §§7, 25, 
46, 62-66; J. B. Moore, Digest, I, § 101; J. B. Moore, Arbi- 
trations, V, 4432-4446; F. A. Ogg, Louisiana, chs. x, xi; 
W. E. Cm'tis, U. S. and Foreign Powers, ch. xiii; A. John- 
ston, Political History (Woodburn ed.), I, ch. xiii; J. K. 
Hosmer, Louisiana Purchase. — Sources: Contemporaries, 
III, §§111-14; Treaty of St. Ildefonso, A. de Clercq, 
Recueil des Traites, 1, 411-413; Treaty of 1803, U. S. Treaties 
and Conventions, 331-342; Am. State Papers, Foreign, II. 

Lect. 36. (1803-1812) West Florida Question: asser- 
tions (1803); French attitude; breach with Spain 
(1806); annexations of 1810, 1812, 1813; diplomatic 
relations. 

Bibliography: Manual, §36; Guide, §168. — Secon- 
dary Readings: J. B. Moore, Digest, I, § 102; E. Channing, 
Jeffersonian System (Am. Nation, XII), ch. xi; H. Adams, 
United States, II, ch. iii; III, ch. v; J. B. Moore, Arbitra- 
tions, V, 4487-4494, 4519-4524. — Additional Readings: 
R. Hildreth, United States, V, 568-577; W. E. Curtis, U. S. 
and Foreign Powers, ch. xiv. — Sources: Correspondence 
in Am. State Papers Foreign, II, III (see Index). 

[Class-room Paper No. 12. — Status of Territory 
Annexed but not yet Organized. — Manual, § 178.] 



126 LECTURES AND READINGS [§74 

Lect. 37. (1795-1815) Barbary Wars: Treaties of trib- 
ute (1795-1800); Tunis; Tripoli; Algiers; treaties. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§35, 36. — Secondary Read- 
ings: E. Charming, Jeffersonian System (Am. Nation, XII), 
ch. iii; H. Adams, United States, II, ch. xviii; J. B. Moore, 
Digest, V, §§783-787; J. B. Mo.ore, Diplomacy, ch. iii. — 
Additional Readings: I. N. Hollis, The Constitution; E. 
Schuyler, Diplomacy, ch. iv; R. Hildreth, United States, V, 
482-484, 529, 561-563; VI, 577, 578. — Sources: Contem- 
poraries, II, § 108; text of treaties in U. S. Treaties and 
Conventions, 1081-1089 (Tripolis); 1090-1095 (Tunis); 1-15 
(Algiers); correspondence in Am. State Papers Foreign, II, 
III, passipi (see Index). 

Lect. 38. (1795-1807) Neutral Trade: British and 
American decisions; impressments; draft treaty of 
1806; orders and decrees (1806-07); Chesapeake- 
Leopard (1807); President Thomas Jefferson. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§35, 36, 179; Guide, §170.— 
Secondary Readings: E. Channing, Jeffersonian System 
(Am. Nation, XII), ch. xv; H. Adams, United States, III, 
chs. ii-iv, xvi-xviii; IV, chs. i-iv; J. B. Moore, Digest, II, 
§§317, 318; J. B. Moore, Arbitrations, V, ' 4447-4452. — 
Additional Readings: S. H. Gay, James Madison, chs. xv, 
xvii; M. Burrows, Foreign Policy of Great Britain, chs. ix- 
xi. — Sources: Contemporaries, III, §§116-121; Source- 
Book, §§79, 81; text of orders and decrees in Am. State 
Papers Foreign, II, 727, 805; condenmations of vessels in 
W. P. Cobbett, Cases, 166, et seq. 

Lect. 39. (1806-1811) Assertion of neutral Rights: 
non-importation (1806); embargo (1807); non-inter- 
course (1808); draft Erskine treaty (1809); French 
decrees (1810); non-intercourse (1811); Jackson, Rose, 
and Foster missions; James Madison. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§35, 36, 179; Guide, §171. — 



§74i| DIPLOMATIC 127 

Secondary Readings: E. Channing, Jejfersonian System 
(Am. Nation, XII), chs. xvi-xix; J. T. Morse, Thomas Jef- 
ferson, ch. xvii; K. C. Babcock, Rise of Am. Nationality, 
(Am. Nation, XIII), ch. iii. — Additional Readings: H. 
Adams, United States, IV, V; S. H. Gay, James Madison, 
<;hs. xvii, xviii; J. B. Moore, Arbitrations, V, 4452-4456; 
A. T. Mahan, Sea Power and its Relation to the War of 1812, 

I, chs. iii, iv. — Sources: Contemporaries, III, § 122; 
Source-Book, § 82; W. MacDonald, Select Documents, Nos. 
27, 28; restrictive Statutes in U. S. Statutes at Large, II, 
451, 453, 473, 499, 506, 528, 547, 550, 605, 651; draft trea- 
ties and decrees in Am. State Papers Foreign, III, 29, 80- 
220, 262. 

[Class-room Paper No. 13. — Were the Orders in 
Council and Decrees Contrary to International Law? 
— Manual, § 179.] 

Lect. 40. (1811-1815) War of 1812: Indian hostilities 
(1811); Pinkney's ultimatum (1811); declaration of 
war (1812); belligerent rights; prisoners; privateering 
and prizes; destruction of cities; use of neutral terri- 
tory; conquests. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§35, 36; Guide, §172. — Sec- 
ondary Readings: E. Channing, Jeffersonian System (Am. 
Nation, XII), ch. xx; K. C. Babcock, Rise of Am. Nation- 
ality (Am. Nation, XIII), chs. v-ix; H. Adams, United 
States, VI- VIII (see Index vol.); T. Roosevelt, Naval War 
of 1812; S. H. Gay, James Madison, ch. xix. — Additional 
Readings: G. Coggeshall, A7n. Privateers; A. Johnston, 
Political History (Woodburn ed.), I, ch. xv; J. B. Moore, 
Digest, II, § 319; J. B. Moore, Arbitrations, II, 1071-1132; 
R. Hildreth, United States, VI, chs. xxv-xxix; A. T. Mahan, 
Sea Power and its Relation to the War of 1812, 1, chs. v-viii; 

II, chs. ix-xvii. — Sources: Contemporaries, III, §§124, 
127; Source-Book, §§83-86; W. MacDonald, Select Docu- 



128 LECTURES AND READINGS [§74 

ments, Nos. 29, 30; Correspondence in Am. State Papers 
Foreign, IV, passim. 

Lect. 41. (1812-1815) Peace with England: Napoleon's 
Russian campaign (1812); mediation (1812-1813); 
negotiations (1813-1814); fisheries; St. Lawrence; 
restoration of territory; Treaty of Ghent (1814). 
Bibliography: Manual, §§35, 36; Guide, § 172. — Sec- 
ondary Readings: K. C. Babcock, Rise of Am. Nationality 
(Am. Nation, XIII), ch. x; H. Adams, United States, IX, 
chs. i-v; J. B. Moore, Digest, II, § 313; A. T. Mahan, Sea 
Power and its Relations to the War of 1812, II, ch. xviii, — 
Additional Readings: C. Schurz, Henry Clay, ch. vi; J. T. 
Morse, John Quincy Adams, 74-98; J. A. Stevens, Albert 
Gallatin, ch. viii. — Sources: Contemporaries, III, §§128, 
129; Source-Book, § 87; W. MacDonald, Select Documents^ 
No. 31; treaty in U. S. Treaties and Conventions, 399-404. 

§ 75. (1815-1829) Readings on Commerce and Boundaries. 
Bibliography. — Manual, §§ 76, 180; Guide, §§ 164, 174, 

178. 

Secondary Readings. — K. C. Babcock, Rise of Am. 
Nationality (Aw. Nation, XIII), chs. xiv, xvi; J. B. Moore, 
Digest, I, §§ 132, 136-143; V, §§830, 832, 835, 880; E. Chan- 
ning, Jeffersonian System {Am. Nation, XII), ch. vii; A. B. 
Hart, Foundations, § 24; F. J. Turner, Rise of the New West 
{Am. Nation, XIV), chs. vii, xiv, xvii. 

Additional Readings. — J. B. Moore, Am. Diplomacy, 
chs. iv, v; J. B. McMaster, United States, VI, ch. Ivii; J. B. 
Henderson, Am. Diplomatic Questions, 472-501; R. Green- 
how, Oregon, chs. viii-xvi. 

Sources. — Contemporaries, III, 115; Source-Book, §90; 
F. Snow, Treaties and Topics, 427-445. 

§ 76. (1815-1829) Lectures on Commerce and Boundaries. 
(Lects. 42-45.) 



§76] DIPLOMATIC 129 

Lect. 42. (1815-1818) British Trade and Fisheries: 
controversies; commercial treaties (1815); Fishery con- 
vention (1818); restoration of territory; West Indies. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§37, 38, 180; Guide, §174.— 
Secondary Readings: K. C. Babcock, Rise of Am. Nation- 
ality {Am. Nation, XIII), ch. xvi; J. B. Moore, Digest, V, 
§§830, 832; J. B. Moore, Am. Diplomacy, ch. iv. — Addi- 
tional Readings: J. B. Moore, Arbitrations, I, 350-390 
(slaves), 703-710 (fisheries); C. Isham, The Fisheries, 1- 
49; J. B. Henderson, Am. Diplomatic Questions, 472-501. — 
Sources: F. Snow, Treaties and Topics, 427-445; treaties 
in U. S. Treaties and Conventions, 410-413, 415-417. 

[Class-room Paper No. 14. — Northeastern Fishery 
Rights. — Manual, § 180.] 

Lect. 43. (1803-1828) Oregon Question: Lewis and 

Clark expedition (1803-1806); Hudson Bay Company; 

Astoria settlement (1810); joint occupation (1818); 

Russian treaty (1824); renewed joint convention 

(1828). 
Bibliography: Manual, §§37, 38; Guide, § 168. — Sec- 
ondary Readings: E. Channing, Jeffersonian System (Am. 
Nation, XII), ch. vii; K. C. Babcock, Rise of Am. Nation- 
ality (Am. Nation, XIII), ch. xvi; J. B. Moore, Digest, V, 
§§835, 880. — Additional Readings: R. Greenhow, Ore- 
gon, chs. viii-xvi; H. H. Bancroft, Pacific States, XXII, chs. 
vii-ix; XXIII, chs. i-xvi. — Sources: Contemporaries, III, 
§ 115; Source-Book, § 80; treaties in U. S. Treaties and Con- 
ventions, 416; correspondence in Am. State Papers Foreign, 
Y, 214, 232, 583, 784. 

Lect. 44. (1798-1831) Northeastern Boundary: status 
of New Brunswick; commission of 1798; commission of 
1818; status of Maine; lake boundary (1822); Lake of 
the Woods (1827); arbitration treaty (1827); award 
declined (1831). 



130 LECTURES AND READINGS [§76 

Bibliography: Manual, §§37, 38. — Secondary Read- 
ings: A. B. Hart, Foundations, § 24; J. B. Moore, Digest, I, 
§§ 132, 136-143, 158; J. B. Moore, Arbitrations, I, 45-138, 
162-195. — Sources: A. Gallatin, Memoir on Northeastern 
Boundary; U. S. Treaties and Conventions, 396, 397, 405- 
409, 426, 427, 429-431; Correspondence in Am. State Papers 
Foreign, 1, 90, 99, 100; III, IV, V, passim (see Index). 

Lect. 45. (1817-1846) Commercial Diplomacy: counter- 
vailing legislation; tariff policy; commercial treaties; 
repeal of British corn laws and colonial system. 
Bibliography: — Secondary Readings: K. C. Bab- 
cock, Rise of Am. Nationality (Am. Nation, XIII), chs. xiv, 
xvi; F. J. Turner, Rise of the New West {Am. Nation, XIV), 
chs. vii, xiv, xvii; W. G. Sumner, Andrew Jackson, 194- 
206. — Additional Readings: J. B. Moore, Am. Diplo- 
macy, ch. v; J. B. McMaster, United States, VI, ch. Ivii; E. 
Schuyler, Am. Diplomacy, ch. ix. — Sources: U. S. Treaties 
and Conventions, 410-412, 428; Correspondence in Am. 
State Papers Foreign, IV-VI, passim (see Index). 

[Class-room Paper No. 15. — Navigation of the 
Mississippi and St Lawrence Rivers. — Manual, § 181.] 

§ 77. (1815-1829) Readings on Latin-American Diplomacy 
and the Monroe Doctrine. 

Bibliography. — Manual, §§37, 38, 145, 183; Guide, 
§ 178; D. C. Gilman, James Monroe, App. iv. 

Readings. — F. J. Turner, Rise of the New West (Am. 
Nation, XIV), ch. xii; A. B. Hart, Foundations, §§8, 68-75; 
W. F. Reddaway, Monroe Doctrine; W. C. Ford, John Quincy 
Adams and the Monroe Doctrine (Am. Hist. Review, VII, 
676-696; VIII, 28-52); J. H. Latane, Diplomatic Relations 
of the United States and Spanish America, 1-103; T. B. 
Edgington, Monroe Doctrine, chs. i-iv; A. B. Hart, Monroe 
Doctrine in its Territorial Extent and Application (U. S. 
Naval Institute, Proceedings, XXXII, No. 3). 



§78] DIPLOMATIC 131 

Additional Readings. — J. B. Moore, Digest, VI, ch. xx; 
J. B. Moore, Am. Diplomacy, ch. vi; J. W. Foster, Century 
of Am. Diplomacy, chs. vii, xii; D. C. Gilman, James Monroe, 
ch. vii; J. B. Henderson, Am. Diplomatic Questions, part iv, 
289-450; li. M. Keasbey, Nicaragua Canal and Monroe 
Doctrine, §§ 52-58; T. Lyman, Am. Diplomacy, II, chs. ix- 
xiv; J. T. Morse, John Quincy Adams, ch. ii; T. Roosevelt, 
American Ideals, ch. xi. 

Sources. — Contemporaries, III, §§142-150; Am. Hist. 
Leaflets, No. 4; John Quincy Adams, Memoirs, IV-VIII, 
passim; Richard Rush, Memoirs of a Residence at the Court 
of Lorulon, especially chs. xx-xxiv; works of James Monroe, 
Albert Gallatin, Henry Clay. 

§ 78. (1815-1829) Lectures on Latin-American Diplomacy 
and the Monroe Doctrine. (Lects. 46-50.) 
Lect. 46. (1808-1818) Spanish America: Condition of 
Spain; English in the Plata (1806); risings in America; 
Bourbon restoration (1814); Spanish American states. 

Bibliography: Manual, §§37, 38; Guide, §178. — 
Secondary Readings: Cambridge Modern History, VII, ch. 
xi; J. B. Moore, Digest, I, §28; VI, § 929. — Additional 
Readings: J. Winsor, Narrative and Critical History, VIII, 
chs. iv, v; J. B. Moore, Arbitrations, V, 4487-4495, 4533- 
4547; H. H. Bancroft, Mexico, IV. — Sources: Am. State 
Papers Foreign, III, (see Contents). 

Lect. 47. (1814-1821) The Floridas: invasion of 1812; of 
1814; of 1818; negotiation; treaty of cession (1819); 
claims; ratification (1821). 
Bibliography: Manual, §§37, 38; Guide, §176. — 
Secondary Readings: K. C. Babcock, Rise of Am. Na- 
tionality {Am. Nation, XIII), ch. xvii; W. F. Johnson, Cen- 
tury of Expansion, ch. v; R. Hildreth, United States, VI, ch. 
xxxii; J, B. Moore, Digest, V, § 884. — Additional Read- 



132 LECTURES AND READINGS [§78 

INGS: J. B. Moore, Diplomacy, 223-232; J. B. Moore, Arbi- 
trations, V, 4495-4531; J. T. Morse, John Quincy Adams, 
108-127; W. E. Curtis, U. S. and Foreign Powers, ch. xiv. 

— Sources: Contemporaries, III, §§143, 144; L. de Onis, 
Memoir; Treaties in U. S. Treaties and Conventions, 1016- 
1022. 

Lect. 48. (1815-1823) Recognition of the Latin- 
American States: Cuba; Isthmus; Holy Alliance 
(1815); European Congresses (1818-1822); Russian 
claims on the Pacific; pressure in Congress; investigat- 
ing agents; recognition (1822); George Canning. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§ 37, 38, 182, 183; Guide, § 178. 

— Secondary Readings: F. J. Turner, Rise of the New 
West (Am. Nation, XIV), ch. xii; T. B. Edgington, Monroe 
Doctrine, chs. i-iii; F. L. Paxson, Independence of South 
American Republics; J. B. Moore, Digest, I, §§ 29-36; VI, 
§ 900; J. B. Moore, Arbitrations, I, 755-757. — Additional 
Readings: W. E. Curtis, U. S. and Foreign Powers, ch. iii; 
J. T. Morse, John Quincy Adams, 129-147. — Sources: 
A. G. Stapleton, Political Life of George Canning, 1, chs. ii, 
iii; H. W. V. Temperly, George Canning; Contemporaries, 
III, §§ 142, 145, 146. 

[Class-room Paper No. 16. — Doctrine of the Recog- 
nition of New States. — Manual, § 182.] 

Lect. 49. (1822-1823) The Monroe Doctrine. 

Bibliography: Manual, §§37, 38, 183; Guide, §178. — 
Secondary Readings: F. J. Turner, Rise of the New West 
{Am. Nation, XIV), ch. xii; W. C. Ford, John Quincy Adams 
and the Monroe Doctrine {Am. Hist. Review, VII, 676-696; 
VIII, 28-52; A. B. Hart, Monroe Doctrine in its Territorial 
Extent and Application (U. S. Naval Institute, Proceedings, 
XXXII, No. 3); A. Johnston, Political History (Woodburn 
ed.), I, ch. xvi. — Additional Readings: A. B. Hart, 
Foundations, ch. vii; W. E. Curtis, U. S. and Foreign Powers^ 



§ 79] DIPLOMATIC 133 

ch. vii; J. B. Moore, Digest, VI, §§930-938; J. B. Moore, 
Arbitrations, I, 757-762; T. B. Edgington, Monroe Doctrine, 
chs. i-iv; W. F. Reddaway, Monroe Doctrine; A. C. Coolidge, 
U. S. as a World Power, ch. v. — Sources: Contemporaries, 
III, §§ 147, 148; M. Hill, Liberty Documents, ch. xx; Am. 
History Leaflets, No. 4; John Quincy Adams, Memoirs, IV, 
passim (see Index). 

Lect. 50. (1823-1826) The Panama Congress: Bolivar; 
Hayti; Cuba; attitude of Senate; meeting; Henry Clay. 

Bibliography: Manual, §§37, 38, 183; Guide, §179.— 
Secondary Readings: T. B. Edgington, Monroe Doctrine, 
ch. iv; J. B. Moore, Digest, VI, § 940; J. M. Callahan, Cuba 
and International Relations, ch. v; C. Schurz, Henry Clay, I, 
ch. xi. — Sources: Contemporaries, §§149, 150; Corre- 
spondence in Am. State Papers, Foreign, VI, 356, 383, 554. 

[Class-room Paper No. 17. — Extent of the Monroe 
Doctrine. — Manual, § 183.] 

§ 79. (1829-1861) Readings on Aggressive Foreign Policy. 

Bibliography. — Manual, §§39, 40, 43, 44; Guide, 
|§ 181, 193, 194. 

Readings. — W. MacDonald, Jacksonian Democracy (Am. 
Nation, X), ch. xii; G. P. Garrison, Westward Extension 
(Am. Nation, XVIII), chs. xi, xiii; A. B. Hart, Foundations, 
§§ 9, 10, 16-18, 24-26, 37, 38, 48-52; J. W. Foster, Century 
of Am. Diplomncy, chs. viii, ix. 

Additional Readings. — J. F. Rhodes, United States, 
II; J. B. McMaster, United States, VI; W. F. Johnson, Cen- 
tury of Expansion, chs. v, vi; H. Von Hoist, Constitutionxil 
Hist., II, ch. vii; III; IV, ch. ii; V, chs. i, x. 

Sources. — Contemporaries, III, §§ 185-189; IV, §§7-14, 
46; see A. B. Hart, Foundations, §§8, 16-18; Works of 
Daniel Webster, John C. Calhoun. 



134 LECTURES AND READINGS [§80' 

§ 80. (1829-1861) Lectures on Aggressive Foreign Policy 
(Lects. 51-65.) 

Lect. 51. (1829-1841) Spoliation claims: readjustment; 
treaties; French imbroglio; Andrew Jackson. 

Bibliography: Manual, §§39, 40, 184; Guide, § 181. — 
Secondary Readings: W. MacDonald, Jacksonian Democ- 
racy {Am. Nation, XV), ch. xii; W. G. Sumner, Andrew 
Jackson, chs. viii, xv; J. B. Moore, Arbitrations, V, 4457- 
448 (France), 4549-4589 (Denmark and Naples). — 
Additional Readings: J. B. McMaster, United States, VI, 
ch. Ix. — Sources: U. S. Treaties and Conventions, 34,5— 
347; Correspondence in U. S. Documents, serial numbers 96^ 
114, 261, 268, 269, 271, 272, 274, 276, 279, 280, 281, 286, 
288, 289, see Indexes. 

Lect. 52. (1815-1842) Diplomacy of Slavery: Treaty of 

Ghent (1841); colonization; Liberia; draft treaty on 

slave-trade (1824); cases in British colonies; (1831— 

1841); L'Amistad Case (1839); Quintuple treaty (1842). 

Bibliography: Manual, §§37-40, 187; Guide, §189. — 

Secondary Readings: A. B. Hart, Slavery and Abolition 

{Am. Nation, XVI), ch. xix; W. E. B. DuBois, Suppression 

of the Slave Trade, §§ 68-73; J. B. Moore, Digest, II, § 310; 

V, § 833; J. B. Moore, Arbitrations, I, 391-425; A. C. 

McLaughlin, Lewis Cass, ch. vi. — Additional Readings: 

Lawrence's Wheaton, note 42; E. Schuyler, Am. Diplomacy, 

233-257; J. B. McMaster, United States, VI, 605-622.— 

Sources: Contemporaries, III, § 182; U. S. Treaties and 

Conventions, 432-438. 

Lect. 53. (1829-1842) Texan Diplomacy: Mexican boun- 
dary treaty (1832); independence (1836); recognition 
(1837); diplomatic relations; plans of annexation; 
Mexican claims convention (1839); John Tyler. 
Bibliography: Manual, § 40; Guide, §193. — Sec- 
ondary Readings: G. P. Garrison, Westward Extension {Am, 



§80] DIPLOMATIC 135 

Nation, XVII), chs. v-viii; G. P. Garrison, Texas, chs. xiii- 
xix; J. B. Moore, Digest, I, §§ 37, 103; J. B. Moore, Arbi- 
trations, II, 1209-1245. — Additional Readings: H. H. 
Bancroft, Texas, II, chs. xii, xiii; J. B. McMaster, United 
States, VI, 251-270, 459-463. — Sources: Contemporaries, 
III, §§ 185, 186; text of treaties in U. S. Treaties and 
Conventions, 661-663. 

[Class-room Paper No. 18. — Responsibility of a 
Government for not Carrying out a Treaty. — 
Manual, § 184.] 

Lect. 54. (1831-1842) Northeastern Boundary: Caro- 
line affair (1837); McLeod affair (1841); attitude of 
Maine; Ashburton treaty (1842); "Battle of the Maps" ; 
Daniel Webster. 
Bibliography: Manual, § 40; Guide, § 192. — Sec- 
ondary Readings: G. P. Garrison, Westward Extension 
{Am. Nation, XVI), ch. v; J. B. Moore, Digest, V, §834; 
J. B. Moore, Arbitrations, I, 139-161; H. C. Lodge, Daniel 
Webster, ch. viii. — Additional Readings: G. T. Curtis, 
Daniel Webster, II, chs. xxvii-xxix; J. B. McMaster, United 
States, VI, 429-446, 603-623. — Sources: W. MacDonald, 
Select Documents, No. 70; A. Gallatin, Right of the United 
States to a Northeastern Boundary; U . S. Treaties and Con- 
ventions, 433-437. 

Lect. 55. (1842-1845) Annexation of Texas: agitation; 

draft treaty (1844); joint resolution (1845); designs on 

California; John C. Calhoun. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§41-44; Guide, §193. — Sec- 
ondary Readings: G. P. Garrison, Westward Extension, 
{Am. Nation, XVII), ch. x; G. P. Garrison, Texas, chs. xx, 
xxi; Cambridge Modern History, VII, ch. xii. — Additional 
Readings: W. F.' Johnson, Century of Expansion, ch. vi; 
J. B. Moore, Digest, I, § 103; H. H. Bancroft, Te.ms, II, 
ch. xiv; T. Roosevelt, Thomas H. Benton, 297-315. — 



136 LECTURES AND READINGS [§80 

Sources: Contemporaries, III, §§ 187-189; W. MacDonald, 
Select Documents, No. 71; draft of 1844 in House Documents, 
28 Cong., 1 sess., No. 271, pp. 5-8; joint resolution in U. S. 
Statutes at Large, Y, 797. 

Lect. 56. (1829-1846) Northwestern Boundary: joint 
occupation; American settlement; Whitman myth 
(1842-43); Polk's policy; compromise treaty (1846); 
San Juan question. 

Bibliography: Manual, §§43, 44; Guide, §192. — Sec- 
ondary Readings: G. P. Garrison, Westward Extension 
(Am. Nation, XVII), ch. xi; W. F. Johnson, Century of 
Expansion, ch. vi; J. B. Moore, Digest, V, § 835; J. B. Moore, 
Arbitrations, I, 209-222. — Additional Readings: T. Twiss, 
Oregon Questions; E. G. Bourne, Essays in Historical Criti- 
cism, No. 1; R. Greenhow, Oregon, chs. xvii, xviii. — 
Sources: W. MacDonald, Select Documents, No. 74; U. S. 
Treaties and Conventions, 438, 439. 

Lect. 57. (1845-1846) Mexican War: Slidell negotia- 
tion; declaration; conquests; territorial government; 
military rule; James K. Polk. 

Bibliography: Manual, §§43, 44, 185; Guide, §194. — 
Secondary Readings: G. P. Garrison, Westward Extension 
{Am. Nation, XVII), chs. xiii, xiv; J. B. Moore, Digest, V, 
§ 857. — Additional Readings: G. T. Curtis, James Bu- 
chanan, I, ch. xxi; H. H. Bancroft, Mexico, V, ch. xiii. — 
Sources: Contemporaries, IV, §§ 7-13; Source-Book, § 104; 
W. Thompson, Recollections of Mexico, 223-241; W. Mac- 
Donald, Select Documcjits, Nos. 72, 73; J. D. Richardson, 
Messages and Papers, IV, 385-416, 437-443. 

[Class-room Paper No. 19. — Government of Mili- 
tary Conquests previous to Cession. — Manual, § 185.] 

Lect. 58. (1846-1848) Peace with Mexico: Santa Anna 
episode (1846); Wilmot Proviso; negotiations (1847); 
treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo (1848). 



§80] DIPLOMATIC 137 

Bibliography: Manual, §§ 43, 44; Guide, § 194. — ■ 
Secondary Readings: G. P. Garrison, Westward Extension 
{Am. Nation, XVII), chs. xv, xvi; J. B. Moore, Digest, V, 
§ 858; J. B. Moore, Arbitrations, II, 1245-1286. — Addi- 
tional Readings: E. G. Bourne, Essays in Historical Criti- 
cism, No. 9; H. H. Bancroft, Pacific States, XVII, ch. xxii. 
— Sources: Contemporaries, IV, §§ 14-17; W. MacDonald, 
Select Documents, No. 76; U. S. Treaties and Conventions, 
681-693. 

Lect. 59. (1823-1846) Genesis of the Isthmus ques- 
tion: early Spanish projects; canal plans; interest of 
the U. S. (1838); Colombian treaty (1846). 
Bibliography: Manual, §§40, 196. — Secondary Read- 
ings: G. P. Garrison, Westward Extension (Am. Nation, XVII), 
ch. xviii: W. F. Johnson, Four Centuries of the Canal, ch. 
iii; J. B. Moore, Digest, III, §§336, 337. — Additional 
Readings: J. H. Latane, United States and Spanish America, 
176-185; L. M. Keasbey, Nicaragua Canal and Monroe Doc- 
trine, §§ 57-65, 72-75; J. B. Henderson, American Diplo- 
matic Questions, 65-301. — Sources: Am. Hist. Leaflets, 
No. 34; U. S. Treaties and Conventio7is, 195-206. 

Lect. 60. (1846-1860) Crisis of the Isthmus question: 
Mosquito Coast; Hise's and Squier's draft treaties 
(1849); Clayton-Bulwer treaty (1850); Webster-Ash- 
burton convention (1851); British Claims convention 
(1853); adjustment (I860). 
Bibliography: Manual, § 186. — Secondary Readings: 
T. C. Smith, Parties and Slavery {Am. Nation, XVIII), ch. 
vi; J. B. Moore, Digest, III, §§338-340, 344, 351-356; V, 
§ 836; J. F. Rhodes, United States, I, 199-204; T. B. Edg- 
ington, Monroe Doctrine, chs. vii-ix; I. D. Travis, Clayton- 
Bulwer Treaty. — Additional Readings: W. F. Johnson, 
Four Centuries of the Canal, ch. iv; W. E. Curtis, U. S. and 
Foreign Powers, ch. viii; T. J. Lawrence, Essays on Disputed 



138 LECTURES AND READINGS [§80 

Questions, No. 3; J. B. Moore, Arbitrations, I, 391-425 
(claims), 426-494, 710-712 (fisheries); J. B. Henderson, 
Am. Diplomatic Questions, 104-136, 508-512. — Sources: 
W. MacDonald, Select Documents, No. 77; U. S. Treaties 
and Conventions, 440-447. For a collection of treaties and 
draft treaties see Senate Reports, 56 Cong., 2 sess.. No. 1337. 
[Class-room Paper No. 20. — The Mosquito Ques- 
tion. — Manual, § 186.] 

Lect. 61. (1848-1851) Democratic propaganda: revo- 
lution of 1848; Huelsemann episode (1850); Kossuth 
episode (1851); Koszta incident (1853). 
Bibliography: Manual, 187. — Secondary Readings: 
J. B. Moore, Digest, VI, § 905; F. Bancroft, W. H. Sewardr I, 
eh. xvii; J. F. Rhodes, United States, I, 205, 206, 231-243;. 
H. Von Hoist, Constitutional Hist., IV, 63-100. — Sources: 
Senate Docs., 32 Cong., Spec. Sess., No. 2; House Docs., 32 
Cong., 1 Sess., No. 78; Senate Docs., 33 Cong., 1 Sess., Nos. 
40, 53; House Docs., 33 Cong., 1 Sess., No. 91. 

Lect. 62 (1848-1854) Designs on Cuba: offer of purchase 
(1848); filibusters (1850); tripartite proposition (1851- 
1852); Black Warrior episode (1854); Ostend Manifesto 
(1854); Edward Everett. 
Bibliography: Manual, §191; Guide, §199. — Sec- 
ondary Readings: T. C. Smith, Parties and Slavery {Am. 
Nation, XVIII), ch. vi; J. B. Moore, Digest, VI, § 906; J. F. 
Rhodes, United States, II, 10-44. — Additional Readings: 
J. H. Latane, U. S. and Spanish America, 103-135; J. M. 
Callahan, Cuba and International Relations, chs. vii, ix. — 
Sources: Am. Hist. Leaflets, No. 2. 

Lect. 63. (1840-1860) Beginning of Oriental Rela- 
tions: explorations and squabbles; Hawaii; Chinese 
treaty (1844); Japanese treaty (1854); Hawaii; Pacific 
islands; Caleb Cushing. 



§80] DIPLOMATIC 139 

Bibliography: Manual, § 195. — Secondary Readings: 
J. W. Foster, Diplomacy in the Orient, chs. ii-vii; J. B. 
Moore, Digest, Y, §§797, 798, 845, 846; J. M. Callahan, 
Am. Relations in the Pacific, chs. v-vii. — Additional 
Readings: W. E. Curtis, U. S. and Foreign Powers, ch. 
xix; W. E. Griffis, Arnerica in the East; J. B. Moore, Arbi- 
trations, V, 4627-4637 (Chinese indemnity). — Sources: 
U. S. Treaties and Conventions, 145-178. 

[Class-room Paper No. 21. — Application op Per- 
sonal Status in a Foreign Country. — Manual, § 187.] 

Lect. 64. (1848-1861) Pressure on Latin America: 

Yucatan independence (1848); Isthmus questions; 

Paraguay; William Walker (1857); Nicaragua; Cuba 

(1855-1860); Mexico; James Buchanan. 

Bibliography: Manual, §§194, 196; Guide, §199. — 

Secondary Readings: T. C. Smith, Parties and Slavery 

{Am. Nation, XXIII), ch. xviii; J. B. Moore, Digest, VI, 

§ 942; J. F. Rhodes, United States, II, 351-354; G. T. Curtis, 

James Buchanan, II, ch. x; A. B. Hart, Foundations, § 38. — 

Additional Readings: J. B. Moore, Arhitrations, II, 1361- 

1390 (Isthmus), 1449-1468 (Chile), 1485-1549 (Paraguay), 

1551-1577 (Costa Rica, Ecuador), 1593-1657 (Peru); V, 

4591-4626 (Peru and Brazil). — Sources: J. Buchanan, 

Mr. Buchanan's Administration, ch. xiii; U. S. Treaties and 

Conventions, 681-697, 828-835. 

Lect. 65. (1849-1861) General Diplomatic Questions: 
neutrality in Crimean War (1854-1856); privateering; 
Belt duties; Canadian reciprocity (1854); court dress. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§45, 46. — Secondary Read- 
ings: T. C. Smith, Parties and Slavery (Am. Nation, 
XVIII), ch. xviii; J. B. Moore, Digest, VII, §§ 1169, 1215- 
1220; J. F. Rhodes, United States, II, ch. vi. ^ Additional 
Readings: A. B. Hart, Foundations, § 10; J. Schouler, 
United States, V, 309-314. — Sources: House Docs., 33 
Cong., 1 Sess., No. Ill; 37 Cong., 2 Sess., No. 104. 



140 LECTURES AND READINGS [§81 

§ 81. (1861-1865) Readings on Diplomacy of the Civil War. 

Bibliography. — Manual, §§ 49, 50; Guide, § 212; J. K. 
Hosmer, Appeal to Arms, Outcome of the Civil Wa7' (Am. 
Nation, XX, XXI), critical chapters. 

Secondary Readings. — J. K. Hosmer, Appeal to Ar-ms 
(Aw. Nation, XX), ch. xx; J. K. Hosmer, Outcome of the 
Civil War {Am. Nation, XXI), chs. x, xiii; C. F. Adams, Jr., 
Charles Francis Adams, chs. ix-xviii; J. F. Rhodes, United 
States, III, 415-434, 502-543; IV, 76-95, 337-394. 

Additional Readings. — J. B. Moore, Digest, I, §§38, 
66; II, § 330; J. W. Foster, Century of Am. Diplomacy, ch. 
x; J. Schouler, United States, VI, ch. i, §§6, 13; ch. ii, 
§ 6; F. Bancroft, William H. Seward, II, chs. xxx-xxxviii; 
J. M. Callahan, Diplomatic Hist, of the Southern Confederacy; 
H. Wheaton, International Law (Boyd's ed.), §§412-537; 
J. Bigelow, France and the Confederate Navy; J. D. Bullock, 
Secret Service of the Confederate States. 

Sources. — Contemporaries, IV, §§98-100; Nicolay and 
Hay, Abraham Lincoln, IV, ch. xv; V, ch. ii; VI, chs. ii-iv; 
VII, ch. xiv; VIII, ch. x; F. W. Seward, Seward at Wash- 
ington, III, passim; see Diplomatic Correspondence for the 
period. 

§ 82. (1861-1865) Lectures on Diplomacy of the Civil War. 
(Lects. 66-71.) 

Lect. 66. (1861-1865) Questions of Belligerency: 
blockade proclamations (1861); French and English 
proclamations (1861); Trent affair (1861); Supreme 
Court prize cases; later foreign claims; Abrahaxn Lincohi. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§49, 50; Guide, §212. — 
Secondary Readings: J. F. Rhodes, United States, III, 
502-542; J. K. Hosmer, Appeal to Arms {Am. Nation, 
XXI), ch. XX ; J. M. Callahan, Diplomatic Hist, of the South- 
ern Confederacy, chs. i-v; J. B. Moore, Arbitrations, I, 560- 
623. — Additional Readings: J. B. Moore, Digest, I, § 66; 



§82] DIPLOMATIC 141 

J. R. Soley, Blockade and Cruisers; T. L. Harris, Trent Affair; 
M. Bernard, Neutrality of Great Britain, chs. vi-x. — Sources: 
Contemporaries, IV, §§ 97-99; Diplomatic Correspondence 
(see Index vol.)- 

[Class-room Paper No. 22. — Effect of Lincoln's 
Blockade Proclamations. — Manual, § 188.] 

Lect. 67. (1861-1865) Confederate Diplomacy in 
Europe: first mission; Mason and Slidell; England; 
France; other powers; Pope; secret service. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§49, 50; Guide, § 209. — Sec- 
ondary Readings: J. K. Hosmer, Appeal to Arms {Am. 
Nation, XX), ch. xx; J. F. Rhodes, United States, IV, 76- 
79; J. M. Callahan, Diplomatic Hist, of the Southern Con- 
jederacy, chs. iv, v. — Additional Readings: J. B. Moore, 
Digest, I, § 72; J. Bigelow, France and the Confederate Navy; 
J. T. Scharf, Confederate States Navy, ch. xxvi; J. L. M. 
Curry, Government of Confederate States. — Sources: Con- 
temporaries, IV, § 100; J. D. Richardson, Messages and 
Papers of the Confederacy (see Index); Diplomatic Corre- 
spondence (see Index vol.). 

Lect. 68. (1861-1865) Confederate Cruisers: American 
built; foreign built; question of piracy; responsibility of 
England; captures; prize courts; reception in ports; 
destruction; Charles Francis Adams. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§ 49, 50; — Secondary Read- 
ings: J. K. Hosmer, Outcome of the Civil War (Am. Nation, 
XXI), ch. x; J. B. Moore, Arbitrations, I, 500-623; IV, 
4057-4178; J. F. Rhodes, United States, IV, 80-95; J. M. 
Callahan, Diplomatic Hist, of the Southern Confederacy, chs. 
viii, ix. — Addi'Tional Readings: C. F. Adams, Charles 
Francis Adams; M. Bernard, Neutrality of Great Britain, 
chs. xi, xiv, XV ; R. Semmes, Service Afloat; J. D. Bullock, 
Secret Service; J. T. Morse, Abraham Lincoln, I, ch. xii. — 
Sources: Contemporaries, IV, §§116, 133; Correspondence 



142 LECTURES AND READINGS [§82 

in Diplomatic Correspondence; Foreign Relations; Geneva 
Arbitration (1872-73); see House Documents for 1871, 1872. 

Lect. 69. (1861-1865) Neutral Trade: captures by 
blockaders; West India trade; prize cases; contraband; 
continuous voyages; Lord John Russell. 

Bibliography: Manual, §§49, 50, 189. — Secondary 
Readings: J. B. Moore, Digest, VII, §§ 1249-1265; J. M. 
Callahan, Southern Confederacy, ch. ii; J. F. Rhodes, United 
States, IV, ch. xxii; J. B. Moore, Arbitrations, 1, 692-702; 
M. Bernard, Neutrality of Great Britain, ch. xiii. — Sources: 
F. Snow, Cases in International Law, 462-520, passim; 
P. Cobbett, Cases, 327-330, 335-340; Diplomxxtic Corre- 
spondence (see Index vol.). 

[Class-room Paper No. 23. — Doctrine of Continu- 
ous Voyages. — Manual, § 189.] 

Lect. 70. (1861-1865) Relations between the United 
States and the Confederacy: prisoners; retaliations; 
border trade; secret service; Hampton Roads confer- 
ence (1865); Alexander H. Stephens. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§49, 50. — Secondary Read- 
ings: J. K. Hosmer, Outcome of the Civil War {Am. Nation, 
XXI), ch. xiii; J. F. Rhodes, United States, V, 57-84, 274- 
313; J. M. Callahan, Diplomatic Hist, of the Southern Con- 
federacy, ch. xi; A. B. Hart, Salmon P. Chase, 224-229. — 
Sources: Nicolay and Hay, Abraham Lincoln, X, ch. vi. 

Lect. 71. (1861-1867) The French in Mexico: causes; 

Corwin draft treaty (1861); invasion (1862); Empire 

(1863); intervention of the United States (1866); 

Mexican claims convention (1868); Napoleon III. 

Bibliography: Manual, § 183. — Secondary Readings: 

W. A. Dunning, Reconstruction {Am. Nation, XXII), ch. x; 

J. F. Rhodes, United States, VI, 205-210; J. H. Latane, 

Diplomatic Relations of the U. S. and Spanish America, ch. 



§84] DIPLOMATIC 143 

v; T. B. Edgington, Monroe Doctrine, ch. xv; A. B. Hart, 
Foundations, § 19; J. B. Moore, Digest, VI, §§955-958.— 
Additional Readings: F. Bancroft, William H. Seward, 
II, ch. xl; J. B. Moore, Arbitrations, II, 1287-1358 (claims); 
John B. Henderson, Am. Diplomatic Questions, 389-406. — 
Sources: Correspondence in Senate Docs., 40 Cong., 1 sess., 
No. 20; House Docs., 40 Cong., 1 sess., No. 30; House Docs., 
40 Cong., 2 sess., No. 25; Diplomatic Correspondence (see 
Index vol.). 

§ 83. (1865-1890) Readings on Period of Peaceful Influence. 

Bibliography. — Manual, §§51-54; American Nation, 
critical chapters on authorities. 

Secondary Readings. — W. A. Dunning, Reconstruc- 
tion (Am. Nation, XXII), ch. x; E. E. Sparks, National 
Development (Am. Nation, XXIII), chs. xiii, xiv; D. R. 
Dewey, National Problems (Am. Nation, XXIV), chs. vii, 
xiii; J. W. Foster, Century of American Diplomacy, ch. xi; 
A. B. Hart, Foundations, §§ 19, 20, 27, 28, 39, 40, 53-55; 
J. W. Foster, Am. Diplomacy in the Orient, ch. viii. 

Additional Readings. — J. F. Rhodes, United States, 
VI; VII; T. B. Edgington, Monroe Doctrine, ch. xix; J. M. 
Callahan, Cuba and International Relations, chs. xii, xiii; 
J. H. Latane, Diplomatic Relations of U. S. and Spanish 
America. 

Sources. — Contemporaries, §§173-179; correspondence 
in Diplomatic Correspondence (to 1869); and Foreign Rela- 
tions (from 1870) (see Index vol.). 

§ 84. (1865-1890) Lectures on Period of Peaceful Influence. 

(Lects. 72-79.) 

Lect. 72. (1867-1895) Personal Status: immigration 
and naturalization; German treaty (1868); Chinese 
treaties (1868, 1880); anti-Chinese Statutes of 1882, 
1884, 1888, 1892; Convention of 1894. 



144 LECTURES AND READINGS [§84 

Bibliography: Manual, § 192. — Secondary Readings: 
E. E. Sparks, National Development {Am. Nation, XXIII), 
ch. xiv; J. W. Foster, Am. Diplomacy in the Orient, ch. viii, 
Apps. B, C; J. B. Moore, Digest, V, §§799, 800, 823.— 
Sources: U. S. Treaties and Conventions, 790 (German 
treaty, 1868); 179 (Chinese treaty, 1868) 182; (Chinese 
treaty, 1880); Statutes at Large, XXII, 58-61, (Act of 
1882); XXIII, 115-118 (Act of 1864); XXV, 476-479 (Act 
of 1888); XXVII, 25, 26 (Act of 1892); XXVIII, 1210-1212, 
(Convention of 1894). 

Lect. 73. (1865-1872) The Alabama Controversy: ori- 
gin; Johnson-Clarendon draft treaty (1868); treaty of 
Washington (1871); Geneva award (1872); payment of 
award; Charles Sumner. 

Bibliography: Manual, §54. — Secondary Readings: 
W. A. Dunning, Reconstruction (Am. Nation, XXII), ch. x; 
J. B. Moore, Digest, V, § 838; J. F. Rhodes, United States, 
VI, 335-364; C. F. Adams, Charles Francis Adams, ch. xix; 
A. C. Coolidge, U. S. as a World Power, ch. xiii. — Addi- 
tional Readings: J. B. Moore, Arbitrations, I, 495-554; 
C. F. Adams, Lee at Appomattox, ch. ii; C. Gushing, Treaty 
of Washington; W. E. Darby, International Tribunals, 148- 
164; C. C. Beman, National and Private Alabama Claims; 
G. Bemis, American Neutrality. — Sources: U. S. Treaties 
and Conventions, 478-494; The Geneva Arbitration, House 
Exec. Documents, 42 Cong., 2 sess., Nos. 282, 324 (4 vols.); 
Foreign Relations, 1868; I, 371 (see Index vol.). 

[Class-room Paper No. 24. — Consequential Damages. 
— Manual, § 190.] 

Lect. 74. (1869-1890) Arbitrations: Hudson Bay (1869) 
war claims (1872); San Juan (1872); fisheries (1875) 
French claims (1880); claims courts (1884-1886) 
Delagoa Bay (1890). 
Bibliography: Manual, § 190. — Secondary Readings: 



§84] DIPLOMATIC 145 

J. B. Moore, Digest, VII, §§ 1069-1084; J. F. Rhodes, 
United States, VI, 366-376; W. E. Darby, International 
Tribunals, 172-181. — Additional Readings: J. B. Moore, 
Arbitrations, I, 222-236 (San Juan), 237-270 (Hudson Bay), 
555-560, 623-682 (Geneva), 683-702 (claims), 712-753 
(fisheries); II, 1133-1184 {French claims), 1865-1899 (Del- 
agoa); V, 6439-4685 (claims courts); W. F. Milton, San 
Juan Water Boundary. — Sources: Contemporaries, IV, 
§§ 173, 175; U. S. Treaties and Conventions, 468 (Hudson 
Bay), 494 (claims and San Juan), 499, 500 (fisheries), 356- 
361 (French claims). 

Lect. 75. (1868-1878) Cuba: Cuban War (1868); claims 
(1871); Virginius episode (1873); proposed intervention 
(1875); peace (1878). 

Bibliography: Manual, § 194.^ — Secondary Readings: 
J. B. Moore, Digest, I, § 40; VI, § 907; J. F. Rhodes, United 
States, VII, 29-36; A. B. Hart, Foundations, § 39; J. H. 
Latane, Diplomatic Relations of the U. S. and Spanish 
America, 135-174. — Additional Readings: J. M. Callahan, 
Cuba and International Relations, ch. xii; J. B. Moore, Arbi- 
trations, II, 1007-1069. — Sources: Contemporaries, IV, 
§ 176; Foreign Relations (see Index vol.). 

[Class-room Paper No. 25. — Responsibility for 
Filibusters. — Manual, § 191.] 

Lect. 76 (1864-1876) Projects of American Expan- 
sion: Honduras treaty (1864); Alaska treaty (1867); 
draft of St. Thomas treaty (1867); Nicaragua treaty 
(1867); negotiations with Colombia (1869-1873); 
Seward's San Domingo project (1869); Grant's San 
Domingo project (1871-1876). 
Bibliography: Manual, §§51, 52. — Secondary Read- 
ings: W. A. Dunning, Reconstruction {Am. Nation, XXII), 
ch. x; J. B. Moore, Digest, I, §§ 107, 116-124; V, § 792; 
J. F. Rhodes, United States, VI, 211-214, 335-354.— 



146 LECTURES AND READINGS [§84 

Additional Readings: W. F. Johnson, Century of Expan- 
sion, ch. vii; F. Bancroft, William H. Seward, II, ch. xlii. — 
Sources: U. S. Treaties and Conventions, 566-572 (Hon- 
duras), 939-941 (Alaska), 779-786 (Nicaragua). 

Lect. 77. (1877-1889) Isthmus Question: French canal 
(1879) • Evart's protest (1880); Blaine's protest (1881); 
draft Nicaragua treaty (1884); failure of French com- 
pany (1889); Ferdinand de Lesseps. 
Bibliography: Manual, § 196. — Secondary Readings: 
E. E. Sparks, National Development (Am. Nation, XXIII), 
ch. xiii; D. R. Dewey, National Problems (Am. Nation, 
XXIV), ch. vii; J. B. Moore, Digest, III, §§ 358-362; T. B. 
Edgington, Monroe Doctrine, ch. xix; W. F. Johnson, Four 
Centuries of- the Canal, chs. v-vii. — Additional Readings: 
L. M. Keasbey, Nicaragua Canal and Monroe Doctrine^ 
§§ 124-158; J. B. Henderson, Diplomatic Questions, 137- 
158; F. Snow, Treaties and Topics, 326-347; T. J. Lawrence, 
Essays, No. 3; J. H. Latane, Diplomatic Relations of U. S. 
and Spanish America, ch. iv. — Sources: Am. History 
Leaflets, No. 34; Foreign Relations (see Index vol.). 

Lect. 78. (1881-1893) Hegemony in Latin America: 
Chile-Peru (1881); independence of Brazil (1889); 
Pan-American Congress (1890); Chilean episode (1891- 
1892); James G. Blaine. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§53, 54. — Readings: D. R. 
Dewey, National Problems (Am. Nation, XXIV), ch. xiii; 
J. B. Moore, Digest, VI, § 969; A. B. Hart, Practical Essays, 
No. 5; M. Romero, Mexico and the United States. — Addi- 
tional Readings: J. B. Moore, Arbitrations, II, 1396-1447 
(claims), 1469-1484 (Chile), 1579-1592 (Ecuador), 1659- 
1724 (Venezula), 1529-1853 (Hayti), 1909-2108 (United 
States as arbiter). — Sources: Contemporaries, IV, § 177; 
International Bureau of Am. Republics, Bulletin, No. 1; 



•§84] DIPLOMATIC 147 

Correspondence in Foreign Relations (see Index vol.); F. 
Snow, Treaties and Topics, 312-326. 

[Class-room Paper No. 26. — Right of Expatriation: 
— Manual, § 192.] 

Lect. 79. (1866-1889) Fishery Questions: end of 
Canadian reciprocity (1866); local controversies; ar- 
bitration (1877); draft convention (1884); Bering Sea 
imbroglio (1886). 
Bibliography: Manual, §§63, 154, 193. — Secondary 
Headings: D. R. Dewey, National Problems {Am. Nation, 
XXIV), ch. vii; J. B. Moore, Digest, I, § 172; C. Isham, 
Fisheries, 58-84; J. B. Moore, Arbitrations, I, 763-790; 
■J. B. Henderson, American Diplomatic Questions, 3-29, 
513-525. — Additional Readings: W. E. Curtis, U. S. 
■and Foreign Powers, ch. xii; S. B. Stanton, Behring Sea 
Controversy; C. B. Elliot, Northeastern Fisheries; A. C. 
Coolidge, U. S. as a World Power, ch. xii. — Sources: 
F. Snow, Treaties and Topics, 445-481; Foreign Relations 
{see Index vol.). 

§ 85. (1890-1907) Readings on United States as a World 
Power. 

Bibliography. — Manual, §§53, 54; American Nation, 
(critical chapters on authorities); J. B. Moore, Digest. 

Readings. — J. H. Latane, America as a World Power 
(Am. Nation, XXV); T. A. Coolidge, U. S. as a World 
Power, chs. vi-xi; J. W. Foster, Am. Diplomacy in the Orient, 
chs. xi-xiii; A. B. Hart, Foundations, §§ 11, 12, 21, 27, 29, 
41, 56; A. B. Hart, National Ideals (Am. Nation, XXVI), 
ch. xvii; J. W. Foster, Century of Am. Diplomacy, ch. xii. 

Additional Readings. — Cambridge Modern History, 
VII, ch. xxi; S. E. Baldwin, Modern Political Institutions, 
ch. xiii; C. A. Conant, U. S. in the Orient, chs. vi, vii; J. M. 
Callahan, Ain. Relations in the Pacific; F. H. Giddings, 
Democracy in America, ch. xvii; A. T. Mahan, Interest of 



148 LECTURES AND READINGS [§85 

America in Sea Power; A. T. Mahan, Lessons of the War 
with Spain; A. T. Mahan, Problem of Asia. 

Sources. — Contemporaries, IV, §§ 179-196; Foreign Rela- 
tions, passim (see Index vol.); American Journal of Inter- 
national Law, Supplements. 

§ 86. (1890-1907) Lectures on United States as a World 
Power. (Lects. 80-90.) 

Lect. 80. (1889-1895) Settlement of the Bering Sea. 
Controversy: judicial cases; arbitration treaty; arbi- 
tration of 1893; Alaskan boundary; James A. Bayard. 
Bibliography: Manual, § 193. — Secondary Readings: 

D. R. Dewey, National Problems {Am. Nation, XXIV), ch. 
xiii; J. B. Moore, Digest, I, § 173; J. B. Moore, Arbitrations, 
I, 790-960; John B. Henderson, Am. Diplomatic Questions, 
29-64. — Sources: Contemporaries, IV, § 178; F. Snow,. 
Treaties and Topics, 481-509; Foreign Relations (see Index 
vol.). 

[Class-room Paper No. 27. — Control of Seal 
Catching. — Manual, § 193.] 

Lect. 81. (1885-1900) Pacific Questions: tripartite 
Samoan treaty (1889); Samoan division treaty (1899); 
Hawaiian revolution (1892); annexation (1898); Grover 
Cleveland. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§53, 54. — Secondary Read- 
ings: D. R. Dewey, National Problems {Am. Nation, XXIV) ^ 
ch. xix; J. B. Moore, Digest, I, §§ 108, 110; J. W. Foster, 
Am. Diplomacy in the Orient, chs. xi, xii, Apps. D, E; J. M. 
Callahan, Am. Relations in the Pacific, chs. viii, ix. — 
Additional Readings: J. B. Henderson, Am. Diplomatic 
Questions, 209-288); W. F. Johnson, Century of Expansion, 
ch. viii; W. E. Curtis, U. S. and Foreign Powers, ch. xxi; 

E. J. Carpenter, America in Hawaii, chs. x-xv; A. C. Cool- 
idge, U. S. as a World Power, ch. xvii. — Sources: F. 
Snow, Treaties and Topics, 361-422; U. S. Statutes at Large, 



§86] DIPLOMATIC 149 

XXVI, 1497-1501 (Samoan treaty, 1889); XXXI, 1875- 
1880 (treaty of 1899); XXX, 750 (Joint Resolution, Hawaii). 

Lect. 82. (1894-1897) Venezuelan Episode: claims 

against Latin-American powers; the Guiana boundary; 

crisis of 1895; commission of investigation (1896); 

arbitration (1897); Richard Olney. 

Bibliography: Manual, §§53, 54, 185. — Secondary 

Readings: D. R. Dewey, National Problems (Am. Nation, 

XXIV), ch. xix; J. B. Moore, Digest, VI, § 966; T. B. Edg- 

ington, Monroe Doctrine, ch. xvi; J. B. Moore, Arbitrations, 

I, 962-989 (draft treaty). — Additional Readings: J. B. 

Henderson, American Diplomatic Questions, 411-451; J. H. 

Latane, Diplomatic Relations of U. S. with Spanish America, 

ch. vi; A. C. Coolidge, U. S. as a World Power, ch. xv. ^ 

Sources: Contemporaries, IV, § 179; 55 Cong., 2 sess., No. 

178, Pt. 18, pp. 16-22. 

Lect. 83. (1895-1899) Spanish War: Cuban War (1895); 

agitation; Americans in Cuba; declaration (1898); 

Teller resolution; prizes; conquests of Manila, Santiago, 

Porto Rico. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§53, 54, 194. — Secondary 
Readings: J. H. Latane, America as a World Power (Am. 
Nation, XXV), chs. i-iii; J. B. Moore, Digest, I, § 109; VI, 
§§908, 909; Cambridge Modern History, VII, ch. xxi. — 
Additional Readings: J. M. Callahan, Cuba and Inter- 
national Relations, ch. xiv; J. W. Foster, Am. Diplomacy in 
the Orient, ch. xiii; A. C. Coolidge, U. S. as a World Power. 
ch. vi; S. E. Baldwin, Modern Political Institutions, ch. xiii; 
W. F. Johnson, Century of Expansion, ch. ix; A. T. Mahan, 
Lessons of the War with Spain; T. S. Woolsey, Am. Foreign 
Policy, 7-111; J. H. Latane, Diplomatic Relations of U. S. 
to Latin America, ch. iii. — Sources: Contemporaries, IV, 
§§ 180-184; Source-Book, §§ 140-144; U. S. Statutes at 
Large, XXX, 346. 



150 LECTURES AND READINGS [§86 

Lect. 84. (1898-1907) Peace and its Consequences: 
protocol (1898); treaty of Paris (1899); Piatt resolu- 
tion; occupation of Cuba (1898-1901); Philippine 
question (1899); occupation of Cuba (1906); commercial 
negotiations; William McKinley. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§53, 54, 194. — Secondary 

Readings: J. H. Latane, America as a World Power (Am. 

Nation, XXV), ch. iv; J. B. Moore, Digest, V, §887; VI, 

§ 910; J. W. Foster, Am. Diplomacy in the Orient, App. F. 

— Additional Readings: Cambridge Modern Hist., \ll^ 
ch. xxi; F. W. HoUs, Peace ConfererCce at the Hague; J. B, 
Moore, Arbitrations, V, 5058-5067 (proposed arbitrations). 

— Sources: Contemporaries, IV, § 185; U . S. Statutes at 
Large, XX, 1742, 1743 (Proctocol, 1898), 1754-1762 (Treaty 
of Paris, 1899); Congressional Record 2954 (Piatt resolution). 

[Class-room Paper No. 28. — Protectorate of Cuba. 

— Manual, § 194.] 

Lect. 85. (1893-1907) Commercial Diplomacy: reciproc- 
ity; foreign tariffs; agreements with Germany; inter- 
national railroads; Asiatic boycotts. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§53, 54. — Secondary Read- 
ings: D. R. Dewey, National Problems {Am. Nation, XXIV),. 
ch. xvii; J. H. Latane, America as a World Power (Am. 
Nation, XXV), ch. xvii; J. B. Moore, Digest, V, §774; VI, 
944. — Additional Readings: T. B. Edgington, Monroe 
Doctrine, ch. xvii; E. Schuyler, Am. Diplomacy, ch. ix. — 
Sources: U. S. Statutes at Large, XXVIII, 509-570 (Tariff 
of 1894); XXX, 151-213 (Tariff of 1897). 

Lect. 86. (1898-1907) Colonial Policy: acquisitions; 
military government; civil government; tariff; Supreme 
Court cases (1901); Philippines; William H. Taft. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§ 53, 54, 185; A. P. C. Griffin, 

List of Books relating to Colonizaion. — Secondary Read- 



§86] DIPLOMATIC 151 

iNGs: J. H. Latane, America as a World Power (Am. Nation, 
XXV), chs. V, vii-ix; J. B. Moore, Digest, I, § 94; J. M. 
Callahan, Am. Relations in the Pacific, chs. vi, x. — Addi- 
tional Readings: D. S. Jordan, Imperial Democracy, chs. 
i-iv, vii; A. C. Coolidge, U. S. as a World Power, ch. vii. — 
Sources: Contemporaries, IV, §§ 186-191; M. Hill, Liberty 
Documents, ch. xxiv; Source-Book, § 143; A. H. Howe, 
Insular Cases (House Exec. Docs., 56 Cong., 2 sess.. No. 
509); See also U. S. Supreme Court, Reports, vol. 182, 
pp. 1-39. 

Lect. 87. (1899-1907) Eastern Complications: Chinese 
imbroglio; Boxer rising (1900); intervention; Open 
Door; international agreements; Japanese-Russian War 
(1904); Peace of Portsmouth (1905); San Francisco 
and Vancouver riots (1907); John Hay. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§53, 54, 195. — Secondary 
Readings: J. H. Latane, America as a World Power (At7i. 
Nation, XXV), ch. vi; J. B. Moore, Digest, V, §§808-813; 
J. W. Foster, Am. Diplomacy in the Orient, ch. xiii; App. A. 
— Additional Readings: P. S. Reinsch, World Politics, 
parts ii, v; W. E. Griffis, America in the East; E. Root, 
Real Question under Japanese Treaty (Arn. Journal of Inter- 
national Law), 1, 273-286; A. C. Coolidge, U. S. as a World 
Power, chs. xvii-xix. — Sources: Contemporaries, IV, §§ 193, 
194, 196. 

[Class-room Paper No. 29. — • Policy of the Open 
Door. — Manual, § 195.] 

Lect. 88. (1901-1908) Latin American Relations: Pan- 
American Congress at Mexico (1901) ; Venezuelan claims; 
German expedition (1898); Drago doctrine; conference 
at Rio (1906). 
Bibliography: Manual, §§53, 54. — Secondary Read- 
ings: J. H. Latane, America as a World Power (Am. Nation, 



152 LECTURES AND READINGS [§86 

XXV), chs. X, XV, xvi; J. B. Moore, Digest, I, § 109; VI, 
§967; T. B. Edgington, Monroe Doctrine, ch. xxix. — 
Sources: Bureau Am. Republics, Bulletin, XXII, No. 4, 
pp. 1017-1029. 

Lect. 89. (1899-1907) Canal Diplomacy: Nicaraguan 
project; English treaties (1901-1902); Colombian draft 
(1902); Panama Republic and treaty (1903); canal con- 
struction; Theodore Roosevelt. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§53, 54, 196. — Secondary 
Readings: J. H. Latane, America as a World Power {Am. 
Nation, XXV), ch. xii; J. B. Moore, Digest, III, §§ 344, 363- 
366; W. F. Johnson, Four Centuries of the Canal, chs. viii- 
xii. — Sources: Am. Hist. Leaflets, No. 34; Panama Canal 
Commissions, Reports; U. S. Statutes at Large, XXXII, 
part ii, pp. 1903-1905 (Hay-Pauncefote treaty); Senate 
Documents, 58 Cong., spec. sess. No. 1 (Columbian treaty). 

[Class-room Paper No. 30. — Questions of the 
Isthmus Canal. — Manual, § 196.] 

Lect. 90. (1898-1907) The Hague Conferences: Amer- 
ican-British arbitration draft (1897); Russian sugges- 
tion (1898); first conference (1899); second conference 
(1907); cases adjudicated. 
Secondary Readings: J. H. Latane, America as a World 
Power (Am. Nation, XXV), ch. xiv; J. B. Moore, Digest, 
VII, § 1088. — Additional Readings: W. E. Darby, Inter- 
national Tribunals, 380-485; F. W. HoUs, Peace Conference 
at the Hague. — Sources: American Journal of International 
Law, I, Supplement, 103-166 (Final act of conference of 
1899). 

§ 87. (1775-1907) Thirty Lectures on American Diplomacy 
r Course D). 

This course does not reach back so far into pre-revolu- 
tionary diplomacy as does the longer course (C) ; but begins 



§89] BRIEF DIPLOMATIC 153 

in detail at the outbreak of the Revolution, and comes 
down to 1907. The background of reading may be found 
in great part in the diplomatic chapters of the successive 
volumes of the American Nation and in J. W. Foster, Cen- 
tury of American Diplomacy; and there is a useful literature 
of special works (See Manual, §§ 20, 21); J. B. Moore, Digest, 
and J. B. Moore, Arbitrations, contain a valuable collection 
of sources, easy to use. 

§ 88. (1775-1815) Readings on Basis of American Diplomacy. 

Bibliography. — Manual, §§66, 167, 171, 172; Guide, 
§§ 81-99. 

Secondary Readings. — ■ E. P. Cheyney, European Back- 
ground (Am. Nation, I), chs. v-xi; E. G. Bourne, Spain in 
America (Am. Nation, III), passim; R. G. Thwaites, France 
in America (Am. Nation, VII), passim; L. G. Tyler, England 
in America (Am. Nation, IV), passim. 

Additional Readings. — J. Fiske, Discovery of America, 
passim; J. W. Foster, Century of Am. Diplomacy, ch. i; W. 
H. Trescot, Diplomacy of the Revolution, Introd.; F. Wharton, 
Diplomatic Correspondence of the Revolution, Introd. 

Sources. — Contemporaries, I, §§44-48; Source-Book, 
§§ 1, 2, 4, 5. 

§ 89. (1775-1815) Lectures on Basis of American Diplo- 
macy. (Lects. 1-6.) 

Lect 1. Methods and Materials: scope; point of view; 
use of books; parallel reading; class-room papers; 
library reports; lectures; note-taking; examinations; 
text-books; secondary books; sources; collections. 

Bibliography and suggestions in Manual, §§ 1-13, 19-21; 
166-197, 270-282; A. B. Hart, Foundations, ch. viii. 



154 LECTURES AND READINGS [§89 

Lect. 2. (1493-1775) Pre-Revolutionary Diplomacy 
European claims; rivalry with Spain (1560-1604) 
English Colonies; territorial controversies (1606-1688) 
four inter-colonial wars and treaties (1689-1763); Acts 
of Trade; sea-power; inter-colonial relations; immigra- 
tion; slave trade. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§66, 167, 171, 172; Guide^ 
§§ 81-96. — Secondary Readings: E. G. Bourne, Spain in 
America {Am. Nation, III), chs. iii, v, vi, xii; R. G. Thwaites, 
France in America {Am. Nation, VII), chs. i, vi, viii, ix,. 
xvii; E. Channing, United States, 1, chs. i, iv, vi, xvi. — 
Additional Readings: H. Harrisse, Diplomatic History of 
America; J. Doyle, English Colonies in America, I, ch. iv. — - 
Sources: Contemporaries, 1, §§6, 21-25, 34-36, 48; Source- 
Book, §§ 1-5. 

Lect. 3. (1775-1907) Diplomatic Organization: Com- 
mittees of Congress (1775); envoys; Secretary; instruc- 
tions; constitutional authority; President; Department 
of State; ministers; consuls; negotiations; treaties; rati- 
fication; Benjamin Franklin. 

Bibliography: Manual, §§ 74, 109, 110, 226; Guide, § 157. 
— Secondary Readings: J. S. Bassett, Federalist System 
{Am. Nation, XI), ch. i; J. A. Fairlie, National Administra- 
tion, ch. vi; J. W. Foster, Practice of Diplomacy. — Addi- 
tional Readings: W. E. Curtis, U. S. and Foreign Powers^ 
ch. i; J. B. Moore, Digest, passim. — Sources: Contempo- 
raries, III, §§ 85, 86; Am. State Papers, Foreign; Diplomatic 
Correspondence; Foreign Relations, and other executive 
documents. 

Lect. 4. (1775-1783) Revolutionary Diplomacy: en- 
voys; French aid; Declaration of Independence (1776); 
French treaties (1778); Spain; Holland; conquests in 
the West (1779); armed neutrality (1780); Dutch 
treaty (1782); relations with England; instructions; 



§89] BRIEF DIPLOMATIC 155 

negotiations at Paris (1782); peace (1782); definitive 
treaty (1783); John Jay. 

Bibliography: Manual, §§72, 73; Guide, §§139, 141, 
153. — Secondary Readings: C. H. Van Tyne, Am. Revo- 
lution {Am. Nation, IX), chs. xii, xiii, xvii; A. C. McLaugh- 
lin, Confederation and Constitution {Am. Nation, X), chs. i, 
ii. — Additional Readings: J. B. Moore, Digest, V, § 831; 
J. W. Foster, Century of Am. Diplomacy, ch. i; J. B. Moore, 
Am. Diplomacy, ch. i. — Sources: Contemporaries, II, 
§ 199; J. Adams, Works, VII, passim; text of treaties in 
U. S. Treaties and Conventions (see Index). 

[Class-room Paper No. 1. — Breaking the Instruc- 
tions OF Congress at Paris. — Manual, § 174.] 

Lect. 5. (1783-1788) Diplomacy of the Confedera- 
tion: European commerce; Barbary powers; English 
Commerce; northern posts; loyalists; Negroes; debts; 
Mississippi; John Adams. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§71, 72, 173, 174, 181; Guide, 
150, 152. — Secondary Readings: C. H. Van Tyne, Am. 
Revolution {Am. Nation, IX), ch. xv; A. C. McLaughlin, Con- 
federation and Constitution (Am. Nation, X), chs. ii, v, vi; J. 
B. Moore, Digest, V, §§ 824, 825, 889. — Additional Read- 
ings: E. Schuyler, Am. Diplomacy, ch. ix; J. B. Moore, Arbi- 
trations, I, 1-5, 90-118, 271-273; G. T. Curtis, Constitutional 
Hist., ch. xi; G. Bancroft, Hist, of the Constitution, ch. iii. 
— Sources: Contemporaries, III, 26, 48-53; W. MacDonald, 
Select Documents, No. 3; Am.. Hist. Leaflets, Nos. 22, 32; 
U. S. Treaties and Conventions (see Index). 

Lect. 6. (1789) Principles of International Law: bal- 
ance of power; status of weak powers; publicists; recog- 
nition of new powers; colonial systems; federations; 
neutral trade; contraband; blockade; rule of 1756; free 
ships; law of prize; privateers; prisoners; citizenship; 
tradition of isolation; George Washington. 



156 LECTURES AND READINGS [§89 

Bibliography: Manual, §§ 74, 175. — Secondary Read- 
ings: J. B. Moore, Digest, VII, § 1336; H. Wheaton, Hist, 
of the Law of Nations, 78-88, 106-175; Wilson and Tucker, 
International Law, §§ 12b, 122, 130; J. B. Moore, Am. Diplo- 
macy, ch. ii. — Sources: Contemporaries, III, § 26; M. Hill, 
Liberty Documents, ch. xviii. 

§ 90. (1815-1842) Readings on Neutrality and Territorial 
Diplomacy. 

Bibliography. — Manual, §§ 74, 178; Guide, § 162. 

Secondary Readings. — J. W. Foster, Century of Am. 
Diplomacy, chs. iv-vii; J. S. Bassett, Federalist System (Am. 
Nation, XI), chs. vi, viii; E. Charming, Jeffersonian System 
(Am. Nation, XII), chs. iv-vi, xi, xv-xix; J. B. Moore, 
Digest, I, § 101; II, §§ 317, 318; V, §§821, 827, 835, 880, 
883; K. C. Babcock, Rise of Am. Nationality (Am. Nation, 
XIII), ch. xvi; A. B. Hart, Foundations, § 24; F. J. Turner, 
Rise of New West (Am. Nation, XIV), ch. v. 

Additional Readings. — T. Lyman, Diplomacy of the 
U. S.; W. H. Trescot, Diplomatic Hist, of the Administra- 
tions of Washington and Adams. 

Sources. — Contemporaries, III, §§ 92-97, 111-114; Text 
of treaties in U. S. Treaties and Conventions; correspondence 
in Am. State Papers, Foreign, I-VI (see Index). 

§ 91. (1815-1842) Lectures on Neutrality and Territorial 
Diplomacy. (Lects. 7-14.) 

Lect. 7. (1789-1793) Neutrality: French Revolution 

(1789); Nootka Sound (1790); war with England 

(1793); proclamation of neutrality; Genet's mission; 

captures of vessels; impressment; remonstrances; 

northern posts. 

Bibliography: Manual, §§73, 74, 176; Guide, § 162. — 

Secondary Readings: J. S. Bassett, Federalist System 

(Am. Nation, XI), chs. vi, viii; A. Johnston, Political His- 



§91] BRIEF DIPLOMATIC 157 

tory (Woodburn ed.), I, ch. viii; H. C. Lodge, George Wash- 
ington, II, ch. iv. — Additional Readings: H. C. Lodge, 
Alexander Hamilton, ch. viii; J. B. Moore, Digest, V, §§ 821, 
827; J. B. Moove, Arbitrations, 4399-4414. — Sources: Con- 
temporaries, III, §§ 92-97; J. D. Richardson, Messages and 
Papers, 1, 156, et seg. 

Lect. 8. (1794-1799) Commercial Privileges: War fever 
against England (1794); Jay's Mission; Jay treaty; 
ratification (1795); Spanish treaty (1795); appropria- 
tions (1796); protests of France; Monroe's dismissal; 
Pinckney's ill treatment (1797); C. C. Pinckney. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§73, 74, 176; Guide, § 162. — 
Secondary Readings: J. S. Bassett, Federalist System 
(Am. Nation, XI), ch. viii; R. Hildreth, United, States, IV, 
539-615. — Additional Readings: J. B. Moore, Diplomacy, 
ch. ii; G. Pellew, John Jay, chs. x, xi. — Sources: Contem- 
poraries, III, §§ 96, 97; Am. State Papers, Foreign, 1, passim; 
U. S. Treaties and Conventions, 379-394. 

Lect. 9. (1797-1805) Naval Wars: X. Y. Z. mission 

(1797); Miranda project (1798); naval war with France; 

peace with France (1800); convention with Spain 

(1805); Barbary Wars. 

Bibliography: Manual, §§73, 74, 176; Guide, §164. — 

Secondary Readings: J. S. Bassett, Federalist System {Am. 

Nation, XI), chs. xv, xvi; J. B. Moore, Digest, V, §821; 

A. Johnston, Political History (Woodburn ed.), ch. ix. — 

Additional Readings: J. B. Moore, Arbitrations, V, 4414- 

4432; R. Hildreth, United States, V, 94-159. — Sources: 

Contemporaries, III, § 99; Am. State Papers, Foreign, I; II, 

passim; U. S. Treaties and Conventions, 1015. 

Lect. 10. (1800-1806) Louisiana: Napoleon Bonaparte; 
colonial schemes; Treaty of St. Ildefonso (1800); Peace 
of Amiens (1801); renewal of war (1803); Monroe's 
mission; cession of Louisiana (1803); price; boundaries; 



158 LECTURES AND READINGS [§91 

opposition; territorial government; West Florida ques- 
tion; Thomas Jefferson. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§73, 74, 178; Guide, §168. — 
Secondary Readings: E. Channing, Jeffersonian System 
(Am. Nation, XII), chs. iv-vi; A. B. Hart, Foundations, §§7, 
25, 46, 62-66; J. B. Moore, Digest, I, § 101. — Additional 
Readings: J. K. Hosmer, Louisiana Purchase; H. Adams, 
United States, II, chs. ii-vi; F. A. Ogg, Opening of the 
Mississippi, chs. x-xiv. — Sources: Contemporaries, III, 
§§ 111-114; Source-Book, § 78; U. S. Treaties and Conven- 
tions, 331-342; A. de Clercq, Recueil des Traites de la France, 

I, 411-413, (Saint-IIdephonse) ; Am. State Papers, Foreign, 

II, passim. 

Lect. 11. (1803-1811) Neutral Trade; admiralty deci- 
sions; rule of 1756; continuous voyages; continental 
system; orders in council; decrees; embargo (1807); 
negotiations; failure; number of captures. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§73, 74, 179; Guide, §176.— 
Secondary Readings: E. Channing, Jeffersonian System 
{Am. Nation, XII), ch. xv; J. B. Moore, Digest, II, §§ 317- 
318; H. Adams, United States, III, chs. ii-iv. — Additional 
Readings: S. H. Gay, James Madison, chs. xv, xvii; K. C. 
Babcock, Rise of Am. Nationality (Ayn. Nation, XIII), 
ch. iii. — Sources: Contemporaries, III, §§ M6-121; Source- 
Book, §§ 79, 81; Am. State Papers, Foreign, II, 727, 807. 

[Class-room Paper No. 2. — Orders in Council and 
Decrees. — Manual, § 179, cf. Lects. in §§ 35, 36, 73, 74.] 

Lect. 12. (1811-1815) War of 1812: neutral trade; orders 
in council; impressments; Indians; war spirit; declara- 
tion (1812); army; navy; privateers; captures; prison- 
ers; destruction of cities; use of neutral territory; con- 
quests; negotiations; treaty of Ghent (1815). 
Bibliography: Manual, §§73, 74; Guide, §172. — 

Secondary Readings: E. Channing, Jeffersonian System 



§91] BRIEF DIPLOMATIC 159 

{Am. Nation, XII), ch. xx; K. C. Babcock, Rise of Am. 
Nationality (Am. Nation, XIII); J. B. Moore, Digest, II, 
§319. — Additional Readings: A. T. Mahan, Sea Power 
<ind its Relation to the War of 1812, I, chs. v-viii; II, chs. 
ix-xvii; H. Adams, United States, VI-VIII. — Sources: 
Contemporaries, III, §§124, 127; Source-Book, §§83-86; 
W. MacDonald, Select Documents, Nos. 29, 30; U. S. Trea- 
ties and Conventions (see Index); Am. State Papers, Foreign. 

Lect. 13. (1806-1829) Territorial Diplomacy: Oregon 
expedition (1804-1806); Astoria (1810); West Florida 
(1810-1814); Oregon joint occupation (1818); Jackson 
(1818); East Florida (1819); Russian claims (1821); 
northern boundary; arbitration (1827). 
Bibliography: Manual, §§73, 74; Guide, §168. — Sec- 
ondary Readings: E. Channing, Jeffersonian System {Am. 
Nation, XII), ch. vii-xi; K. C. Babcock, Rise of Am.. Nation- 
ality {Am. Nation, XIII), ch. xvi. — Additional Read- 
ings: H. Adams, United States, II, ch. iii; III, ch. v; J. B. 
Moore, Digest, I, § 102; V, §§835, 880; H.H. Bancroft, Pacific 
States, XXII, chs. vii-ix; XXIII, chs. i-xvi; R. Greenhow, 
Oregon, chs. viii-xvi. — Sources: Contemporaries, III, § 115; 
Source-Book, § 80; Am. State Papers, Foreign, passim. 

Lect. 14. (1807-1826) Monroe Doctrine: French Con- 
quest of Spain (1807); colonial insurrections; restora- 
tion (1814); Holy Alliance (1815); second insurrection; 
War of Liberation; commissions; recognition (1822); 
Canning's propositions; Monroe's message (1823); re- 
sponsibility; effect; Russian treaties (1824-25); Panama 
Congress (1826). 
Bibliography: Manual, §§79-82, 186. — Secondary 
Headings: F. J. Turner, Rise of New West {Am. Nation, 
XIV), ch. xii; A. B. Hart, Monroe Doctrine in its Terri- 
torial Extent. — Additional Readings: T. B. Edgington, 
Monroe Doctrine, chs. vii-ix, xv; J. B. Moore, Digest, VI, 



160 LECTURES AND READINGS [§91 

§§955-958; J. B. Henderson, Am. Diplomatic Questions, 
104-136, 508-512; A. B. Hart, Foundations, §19. — 
Sources: W. MacDonald, Select Documents, No. 77; U. S. 
Treaties and Conventions, 931-933; Am. Hist. Leaflets, 
No. 4; Am. State Papers, Foreign, III; IV, passim; J, D. 
Richardson, Messages and Papers, II, 207-209. 

[Class-room Paper No. 3. — Monroe Doctrine. — 
Manual, § 145, cf. § 183.] 

§ 92. (1823-1865) Readings on Diplomacy of Expansion and 
the Civil War. 

Bibliography. — Manwa^, §§49, 50, 79, 80, 185, 191; 
Guide, §§ 193,212. 

Secondary Readings. — G. P. Garrison, Westward Exten- 
sion (Am. Nation, XVII), chs. v-viii, x-xvi; G. P. Garrison, 
Texas, chs. xiii-xix; J. K. Hosmer, Appeal to Arms (Am. 
Nation, XX), ch. xx; J. K. Hosmer, Outcome of the Civil 
War (Am. Nation, XXI), chs. x, xiii; J. W. Foster, Century 
of Am. Diplomacy, ch. x; J. C. Callahan, Diplomacy of the 
Confederate States; Nicolay and Hay, Abraham Lincoln, TV, 
ch. xv; V, ch. ii; VI, chs. ii-iv; VII, ch. xiv; VIII, ch. x. 

Additional Readings. — H. H. Bancroft, Texas, II, chs. 
xii, xiii; Cambridge Modern History, VII, ch. xii; C. F. 
Adams, Charles Francis Adams, chs. ix-xviii. 

SovRCES. — Contemporaries, III, §§185, 186; IV, §§98- 
100; Correspondence in Diplomatic Correspondence, 1861- 
1865. 

§ 93. (1823-1865) Lectures on Diplomacy of Expansion and 
the Civil War. (Lects. 15-23.) 
Lect. 15. (1819-1845) Annexation of Texas: Long 



(1819) 
(1829) 
(1835) 
(1842) 



Austin (1821); plan of purchase; slavery decree 
boundary treaty (1832); Texan revolution 
independence (1836); Jackson (1837); Tyler 

draft of treaty (1844); joint resolution (1845). 



§93] BRIEF DIPLOMATIC 161 

Bibliography: Manual, §§39-50, 79-82. — Secondary 
Readings: G. P. Garrison, Westward Extension {Am. 
Nation, XVII), chs. v-x; J. B. Moore, Digest, 1, §§ 37, 103; 
G. P. Garrison, Texas, chs. xii-xxi. — Additional Read- 
ings: H. Bancroft, Texas, II, chs. xii-xiv; J. B. McMaster, 
United States, VI, 251-270, 459-463. — Sources: Contem- 
poraries. III, 185-189; U. S. Treaties and Conventions, 661- 
663; draft treaty of 1844 in House Docs., 28 Cong., 1 sess., 
No. 271, pp. 5-8. 

Lect. 16. (1831-1842) Northeastern Boundary: arbi- 
tration rejected (1831); Maine; Aroostook War (1839); 
Ashburton treaty (1842); "battle of the maps"; Daniel 
Webster. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§79, 80; Guide, §192. — 
Secondary Readings: G. P. Garrison, Westward Extension 
(Am. Nation, XVI), ch. v; J. B. Moore, Arbitrations, I, 139- 
161. — Additional Readings: J. B. Moore, Digest, V, 
§ 834; G. T. Curtis, Daniel Webster, II, chs. xxvii-xxix; 
J. B. McMaster, United States, VI, 429-446, 603-622.— 
Sources: W. MacDonald, Select Documents, No. 70; U. S. 
Treaties and Conventions, 432-437. 

Lect. 17. (1828-1846) Northwestern Boundary; joint 
occupation renewed (1828); overland to Oregon (1830); 
missions; Whitman legend (1842); controversy (1844); 
compromise treaty (1846); San Juan question. 
Bibliography: Manual §§79-80; Guide, §192. — Sec- 
ondary Readings: G. P. Garrison, Westward Extension 
(Am. Nation, XVII), ch. xi; J. B. Moore, Digest, V, § 835; 
E. G. Bourne, Essays in Historical Criticism, No. 1. — 
Additional Readings: R. Greenhow, Oregon, chs. xvii, 
xviii; J. B. Moore, Arbitrations, I, 209-222. — Sources: 
W. MacDonald, Select Documents, No. 74; U. S. Treaties 
and Conventions, 438-439. 



162 LECTURES AND READINGS [§93 

Lect. 18. (1831-1848) Mexican War: claims; controver- 
sies; effect of Texas (1845); Slidell mission (1845); 
Taylor; declaration of war (1846); campaigns; New 
Mexico; California; City of Mexico (1847); negotiations; 
peace of 1848. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§79, 80, 185; Guide, §194. — 
Readings: G. P. Garrison, Westward Extension (Am. Na- 
tion, XVII), chs. xiii-xvi; J. B. Moore, Digest, V, §§857, 
858. — Additional Readings: G. T. Curtis, James Buch- 
anan, I, ch. xxi; E. G. Bourne, Essays in Historical Criti- 
cism, No. 9; J. B. Moore, Arbitrations, II, 1245-1286. — 
Sources: Contemporaries, IV, §§ 7-17; W. MacDonald, 
Select Documents, Nos. 72, 73, 76; U. S. Treaties and Con- 
ventions, 681-693. 

[Class-room Paper No. 4. — Ethics of the Mexican 
War. — Manual, § 152; cf. lects. in §§ 43, 44, 79, 80.] 

Lect. 19. (1826-1860) Isthmian Canal: early Spanish 
projects; U. S. interested (1826-1837); treaty with 
New Granada (1846); British claims (1849); Clayton- 
Bulwer treaty (1850); controversy; William Walker 
(1857); adjustment (1860). 
Bibliography: Manual, §§79, 80; Guide, §199. — Sec- 
ondary Readings: G. P. Garrison, Westward Extension 
{Am. Nation, XVII), ch. xviii; T. C. Smith, Parties and 
Slavery {Am. Notion, XVIII), ch. xviii; W. F. Johnson, 
Four Centuries of the Canal, ch. iii. — Additional Read- 
ings: J. B. Moore, Digest, III, §§ 336, 337; VI, § 942; J. H. 
Latane, U. S. and Spanish America, 176-185; J. B. Hen- 
derson, Diplomatic Questions, 65-103. — Sources: Am. 
Hist. Leaflets, No. 34; U. S. Treaties and Conventions, 195- 
206, 694-697, 828-835. 

Lect. 20. (1848-1860) Cuba: offer to purchase (1848); 
filibusters; tripartite suggestion (1851); Black War- 



|93il BRIEF DIPLOMATIC 163 

rior (1854); Ostend Manifesto (1854); Buchanan's 

efforts (1859-1860). 
Bibliography: Manual, §§79, 80, 191; Guide, §199. — 
Secondary Readings: T. C. Smith, Parties and Slavery 
{Am. Nation, XVIII), ch. vi; J. B. Moore, Digest, VI, § 906; 
J. F. Rhodes, United States, II, 16-44. — Additional 
Readings; J. H. Latane, U. S. and Spanish America, 103- 
135; J. M. Callahan, Cuba and International Relations, chs. 
vii-ix. — Sources: Am. Hist. Leaflets, No. 2. 

Lect. 21. (1844-1868) The Orient: explorations; Hawaiian 
islands; Chinese treaty (1844); Japanese treaty (1853); 
question of Hawaii; negotiations; Burlingame mission 
(1868). 
Bibliography^: Manual, §§79, 80. — Secondary Read- 
ings: J. W. Foster, Diplomacy in the Orient, chs. ii-vii; 
J. B. Moore, Digest, V, §§797, 798, 845, 846. — Addi- 
tional Readings: J. M. Callahan, Am. Relations in the 
Pacific, chs. v-vii; W. E. Griffis, America in the East; J. B. 
Moore, Arbitrations, V, 4627-4637. — Sources: U. S. 
Treaties and Conventions, 145-178. 

Lect. 22. (1861-1865) Civil War Diplomacy: blockade; 

recognition of belligerency; piracy; Trent; efforts at 

recognition; Alabama; other cruisers; prize cases; 

border relations. 

Bibliography: Manual, §§49, 50, 81; Guide, §212. — 

Readings: J. K. Hosmer, Appeal to Arms {Am. Nation, 

XX), ch. XX ; J. K. Hosmer, Outcome of the Civil War {Am. 

Nation, XXI), chs. x, xiii; J. B. Moore, Digest, I, §§ 38, 66; 

II, § 330. — Additional Readings: C. F. Adams, Charles 

Francis Adams, chs. ix-xviii; J. W. Foster, Century of Am. 

Diplomacy, ch. x; J. M. Callahan, Diplomatic Hist, of the 

Southern Confederacy, IV, §§ 98-100; F. W. Seward, Seward 

at Washington, III, passim; J. D. Richardson, Messages 

und Papers of the Confederacy (see Index ) . 



164 LECTURES AND READINGS [§ 93 

Lect. 23. (1861-1877) Diplomacy with other American 

Powers: Corwin's Mexican convention (1861); French 

invasion; attitude of Seward; Empire of Maximillian 

(1863); Honduras treaty (1864); Alaskan treaty (1867); 

Danish West Indies; warning to Napoleon III; Cuban 

War (1868); San Domingo (1871); Virginius (1873). 

Bibliography: Manual, §§ 81, 82; Guide, §§ 209, 212.— 

Secondary Readings: J. K. Hosmer, Appeal to Arms (Am. 

Nation, IX), ch. xx; J. B. Moore, Digest, I, §§ 62, 72; J. B. 

Moore, Arbitrations, I, 560-623. — Additional Readings: 

J. M. Callahan, Diplomatic Hist, of the Southern Confederacy, 

chs. i-v; J. Bigelow, France and the Confederate Navy; M. 

Bernard, Neutrality of Great Britain, chs. vi-x. — Sources: 

Contemporaries, IV, §§ 97-100; Diplomatic Correspondence, 

1861-1877 (see Index vol.). 

§ 94. (1866-1907) Readings on America as a World Power. 

Bibliography. — Manual, §§ 53, 54, 85. 

Secondary Readings. — A. B. Hart, National Ideals (Am, 
Nation, XXVI), ch. xvii; E. E. Sparks, National Develop- 
ment (Am. Nation, XXIII), chs. xiii, xiv; D. R. Dewey, 
National Problems (Am. Nation, XXIV), chs. vii, xiii; 
J. H. Latane, America as a World Power (Am. Nation, XXV), 
chs. i-xii, xiv-xvii. 

Additional Readings. — A. C. Coolidge, U. S. as a World 
Power, chs. v-xix; J. W. Foster, Am. Diplomacy in the 
Orient, chs. xi-xiii; A. B. Hart, Foundations, §§ 11, 12, 21, 
27, 29, 41, 56; J. W. Foster, Century of Am. Diplomacy, 
ch. xii; C. A. Conant, U. S. in the Orient. 

Sources. — Contemporaries, IV, §§ 179-196. 

§ 95. (1866-1907) Lectures on America as a World Power. 
(Lects. 24-30.) 

Lect. 24. (1867-1877) Relations with Great Britain: 
end of Canadian reciprocity (1866); Alabama claims; 



§95] BRIEF DIPLOMATIC 165 

Johnson-Clarendon convention (1868); Charles Sum- 
ner; Joint High Commission; Treaty of Washington 
(1871); Oregon arbitration (1872); Geneva arbitration 
(1872); payment of award; fisheries arbitration (1877). 
Bibliography: Manual, §§53, 54, 84, 85. — Secondary 
Readings: W. A. Dunning, Reconstruction {Am. Nation, 
XXII), ch. x; J. F. Rhodes, United States, VI, 335, 364; 
A. C. Coolidge, U. S. as a World Power, ch. xiii. — Addi- 
tional Readings: J. B. Moore, Digest, V, § 838; C. Gushing, 
Treaty of Washington; J. B. Moore, Arbitrations, 1, 495- 
554. — Sources: U. S. Treaties and Conventions, 478-494; 
Geneva Arbitration, House Documents, 42 Cong., 2 sess., Nos. 
282, 324 (4 vols.). 

Lect. 25. (1867-1903) The Isthmus: Honduras treaty 
(1864); Nicaragua treaty (1867); negotiations with 
Colombia; French canal (1879); Haj^es' poHcy (1880); 
Nicaragua company (1884); faihire of Panama (1889); 
U. S. commission (1900); British treaty (1902); Colum- 
bian draft treaty (1902); Panama treaty (1903). 
Bibliography: Manual, §§ 83-86, 196. — Secondary 
Readings: E. E. Sparks, National Development (Am. Na- 
tion, XXIII), ch. xiii; D. R. Dewey, National Problems 
(.-Lm. Nation, XXIV), ch. vii; J. H. Latane, America as a 
World Power (Am. Nation, XXV), ch. xii. — Additional 
Readings: W. F. Johnson, Four Centuries of the Canal, 
chs. v-xii; J. B. Moore, Digest, III, §§344, 358-366.— 
Sources: Text of Treaties in U. S. Treaties and Con- 
ventions (see Index); W. M. Malloy, Treaties in Force (see 
Index); Am. Hist. Leaflets, No. 34. 

[Class-room Paper No. 5. — Isthmus Canal. — Manual, 
§ 196; cf. Lects. in §§ 53, 54, 84, 85.] 

Lect. 26. (1868-1907) Immigrants and Emigrants: 
numbers of immigrants; mihtary service; denaturahza- 
tion treaties; Chinese treaty (1880); statutes against 



166 LECTURES AND READINGS [§95 

Chinese (1882-1894); Chinese treaty (1894); restric- 
tions on European immigration; Japanese question. 
(1907). 
Bibliography: Manual, §§ 84, 192. — Secondary Read- 
ings: E. E. Sparks, National Development (Am. Nation, 
XXIII), ch. xiv; J. W. Foster, Am. Diplomacy in the Orient, 
ch. viii; J. B. Moore, Digest, V, §§799, 800, 823. — Addi- 
tional Readings: P. F. Hall, Immigration; J. R. Commons, 
Races and Immigrants. — Sources: U. S. Treaties and 
Conventions, 179-183, 790, 791; U. S. Statutes at Large,. 
XXII, 58-61; XXIII, 115-118; XXV, 47&-479; XXVII, 
25, 26; XXVIII, 1210-1212. 

Lect. 27. (1867-1907) Hegemony in Latin America: 
Cuban War (1868); Virginius affair (1873); proposed 
intervention (1875); peace (1878); 1st Pan-American 
Congress (1890); Chile (1891); Venezula (1895); 2d 
Pan-American Congress (1901); claims; Drago doctrine; 
3d Pan-American Congress (1906); 2d Hague Confer- 
ence (1907). 
Bibliography: Manual, §§83, 84. — Secondary Read- 
ings: D. R. Dewey, National Problems (Am. Nation, XXIV), 
ch. xiii; J. B. Moore, Digest, VI, § 969; A. B. Hart, Prac- 
tical Essays, No. 5. — Additional Readings: J. B. Moore, 
Arbitrations, 1469-1484, 1579-1592, 1659-1724, 1749-1853, 
1909-2108. — Sources: Contemporaries, IV, § 177; F. Snow, 
Treaties and Topics, 312-326; proceedings of Pan-Amer- 
ican Congresses of 1890, 1901, 1906. 

Lect. 28. (1878-1900) Diplomacy of the Pacific: Hawai- 
ian treaty (1878); Samoa (1889); Bering Sea (1886); 
Hawaiian independence (1893); annexation of Hawaii 
(1898); adjustment of Samoa (1899); small Pacific 
islands (1899); Philippines (1899); Bering Sea arbitra- 
tion (1900). 



§95] BRIEF DIPLOMATIC 167 

Bibliography: Manual, §§85, 86, 195. — Secondary- 
Readings: D. R. Dewey, National Problems (Am. Nation, 
XXIV), chs. xxiii, xix; J. W. Foster, Am. Diplomacy in 
the Orient, chs. xi-xii; J. M. Callahan, Am. Relations in the 
Pacific, ch. viii-ix. — Additional Readings: J. B. Moore, 
Digest, I, §§ 108, 110, 173; J. B. Henderson, Am. Diplo- 
matic Questions, 29-64; A. C. Coolidge, U. S. as a World 
Power, ch. xvii. — Sources: Contemporaries, IV, §178; 
F. Snow, Treaties and Topics, 361-422, 481-509; reports of 
the Philippine Commissions. 

Lect. 29. (1898-1899) Diplomacy of the Spanish War: 
Cuban insurrection (1895); filibustering; The Maine 
(1898); War; taking of Philippines; invasion of Cuba; 
invasion of Porto Rico; navy; peace protocol (Aug. 
1898); peace ratified (Feb. 1899); prizes; conquests. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§ 85, '86, 194. — Secondary 
Readings: J. H. Latane, America as a World Power (Am. 
Nation, XXV), chs. i-iv; Cambridge Modern History, VII, 
ch. xxi. — Additional Readings: J. W. Foster, Am. 
Diplomacy in the Orient, ch. xiii; J. B. Moore, Digest, I, 
§ 109; V, §887; VI, §§908-910; A. C. Coolidge, U. S. as 
a World Power, ch. vi; H. C. Lodge, The Spanish War, ch. 
xi. — SouRC?:s: Contemporaries, IV, §§180-185; Source- 
Book, §§ 140-144; U. S. Statutes at Large, XXX, 364, 1742, 
1743, 1754-1762, 2136, 2248, 2273; XXXI, 897, 898. 

[Class-room Paper No. 6. — Control of Acquired 
Territory. — Manual, § 153, cf. §§ 178, 218, 219.] 

Lect. 30. (1899-1907) Dependencies and the East: 
Philippine insurrection (1899); Porto Rico tariff; insular 
decisions (1900-1901); China (1900); Cuban govern- 
ment (1901); Philippine government; treaty of Ports- 
mouth (1905); occupation of Cuba (1906); Japan (1907). 
Bibliography: Manual, §§85, 86, 195. — Secondary 



168 LECTURES AND READINGS [§ 95 

Readings: J. H. Latane, America as a World Power (Am. 
Nation, XXV), chs. v-ix; J. W. Foster, Am. Diplomacy in 
the Orient, ch. xiii; J. B. Moore, Digest, I, § 94; V, §§ SOS- 
SIS. — Additional Readings: A. C. Coolidge, U. S. as a 
World Power, chs. vii, xvii-xix; J. M. Callahan, Am. Rela- 
tions in the Pacific, chs. vi-x. — Sources: Contemporaries, 
IV, §§ 189-196; M. Hill, Liberty Documents, ch. xxiv; 
Source-Book, § 143; Foreign Relations, 1899-1907; U. S. 
Statutes at Large, XXXI, 896 (Cuba). 

§ 96. Ninety Lectures on American Government (Course E). 

Abbreviated references in this list are as follows: 

Actual Government. — Albert Bushnell Hart, Actual Gov- 
ernment as applied under American Conditions (3d ed., 
N. Y., 1908). 

J. Bryce, Am. Commonwealth. — James Bryce, American 
Commonwealth (2 vols., 3d ed., N. Y., 1901). 

Contemporaries. — Albert Bushnell Hart, American His- 
tory told by Contemporaries (4 vols., N. Y., 1897-1901). 

Foundations. — Albert Bushnell Hart, The Foundations 
of American Foreign Policy (N. Y., 1901). 

Guide. — Edward Channing and Albert Bushnell Hart, 
Guide to the Study of American History (Boston, 1896). 

M. Hill, Liberty Documents. — Mabel Hill, Liberty Docu- 
ments with Contemporary Exposition and Critical Comments 
drawn from Various Writers (N. Y., 1901). 

Manual. — This book (Cambridge, 1908). 

Full titles of most of the books cited will be found in the 
Manual (§§11-24), or in Actual Government, Introduction. 

§ 97. Readings on the Fundamentals of American Govern- 
ment. 

Bibliography. — Actual Government, §1; E. McClain, 
Constitutional Law, § 1. 

Secondary Readings. — Actual Government, ch. i; A. B. 



§ 981 GOVERNMENT 169 

Hart, National Ideals (Am. Nation, XXVI), chs. iv-ix, xv; 
E. McClain, Constitutional Law, ch. i; W. W. Willoughby, 
Constitutional System, chs. i, ii; F. A. Cleveland, Growth of 
Democracy, ch. iv; R. L. Ashley, Am. Federal State, ch. i. 

Additional Readings. — J. Bryce, Am. Commonwealth, 
II, chs. xxvi-cxix; T. M. Cooley, Constitutional Law, ch. i; 
C. W. Eliot, Am. Contributions, chs. i-vi; E. L. Godkin, 
Problems of Democracy, Nos. 1, 2, 7, 10; J. A. Woodburn, 
Am. Republic, chs. i, ii; J. K. Hosmer, Anglo-Saxon Free- 
dom; W. E. H. Lecky, Democracy and Liberty, 1, 63-136; 
A. de Tocqueville, Democracy in America, I; C. G. Tiedeman, 
Unwritten Constitution; W. W. Willoughby, Nature of the 
State; S. G. Fisher, Evolution of the Constitution; C. E. 
Merriain, A}7i. Political Theories; J. A. Smith, Spirit of Am. 
Government. 

Sources. — Contemporaries, II, §§45-101; Source-Book, 
§§25-35, 41-52. 

§ 98. Lectures on the Fundamentals of American Govern- 
ment. (Lects. 1-7.) 

Lect. 1. Description op the Course: aim; methods; 
materials; text-books; lectures; class-room papers; 
library reports; examinations; students' collections; 
compilations; secondary books; official sources; non- 
official sources; experience. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§ 1-13, 22-24, 198, 231, 283, 
300; Guide, §§ 30-34; Actual Goiiernment, Introduction. 

Lect. 2. Territorial Basis of National Life: physiog- 
raphy; natural resources; principles of territorial sub- 
division. 

Bibliography: Manual, §§ 29, 30; Actual Government, 
§ 1; Guide, §§ 21, 77, 78, 144; E. R. A. Seligman, Economics, 
§ 15. — Secondary Readings: A. B. Hart, National Ideals 
(Am. Nation, XXVI), chs. i, ii; Actual Government, §§2, 3; 



170 LECTURES AND READINGS [§98 

L. Farrand, Basis of Am. History {Am. Nation, II), chs. i^ 
ii; A. P. Brigham, Geographic Influences in Am.. History. — 
Additional Readings: E. R. A. Seligman, Economics, ch. 
iii; E. C. Semple, Am. History and its Geographic Conditions; 
N. S. Shaler, United States, I, chs. i-iii. 

Lect. 3. The People within the United States: num- 
bers; distribution; origin; races; color; sex; occupa- 
tions; urban and rural. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§29, 30; Guide, §§145, 180, 
204; Actual Government, § 1; E. R. A. Seligman, Economics, 
§20. — Secondary Readings: Actual Government, §§4, 
5; A. B. Hart, National Ideals (Am. Nation, XXVI), ch.. 
iii; C. W. Eliot, Am. Contributions, chs. iv, v; E. R. A. 
Seligman, Economics, ch. iv. — Additional Readings: 
J. R. Commons, Races and Immigrants; C. D. Wright, Prac- 
tical Sociology, chs. ii, iv, vi, viii; N. S. Shaler, Nature and 
Man in America; P. F. Hall, Immigration; A. C. Coolidge, 
U. S. as a World Power, chs. ii, iii; A. Shaw, Political Prob- 
lems, ch. ii. — Sources: Contemporaries, III, §§10-36,. 
203-209; U. S. Census, decennial Reports, and Bulletins. 

Lect. 4. American Society as a Basis of Government: 
family; clubs and orders; churches; education; classes; 
initiative; individuality; public spirit; self-protection. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§29, 30; Actual Government,, 
§ 1. — Secondary Readings: Actual Government, § 6; C. W. 
Eliot, Am. Contributions, chs. ii, iii; C. D. Wright, Practical 
Sociology, chs. v, vi; J. Bryce, Am. Commonwealth, II, chs. 
Ixxvi-lxxx, xci, ex, cxix; A. B Hart, National Ideals {Am. 
Nation, XXVI), chs. x, xix. — Additional Readings: 
E. L. Godkin, Problems of Democracy, ch. i; F. A. Cleve- 
land, Growth of Dc7nocracy, ch. vi; W. W. Willoughby, 
Am. Citizenship, part i, ch. i; H. J. Ford, Am. Politics, 
chs. i-v. 



§ 98] GOVERNMENT 171 

Lect. 5. American Theories of Popular Government: 
status of women; equality; the social compact; democ- 
racy; local self-government; distribution of powers. 
Bibliography: Manual, § 199; Guide, §§ 156, 165, 183, 
205; Actual Government, § 17. — Secondary Readings: 
Actual Government, §§ 18, 19; J. Bryce, Am. Commonwealth, 
II, chs. Ixxvii, Ixxviii, xcvi, xcix, cviii, cix; W. W. Wil- 
loughby, Nature of the State, ch. xiv; A. B. Hart, National 
Ideals (Am. Nation, XXVI), ch. vii; F. A. Cleveland, Growth 
of Democracy, chs. ii-iv, xi; F. J. Goodnow, Politics and 
Administration, ch. i. — Additional Readings: E. L. 
Godkin, Problems of Democracy, ch. ii; A. L. Lowell, Essays 
on Government, Nos. 2, 4; A. C. McLaughlin, Social Compact 
(Am. Hist. Rev., 467-490, April, 1900); C. E. Merriam, 
Am. Political Theories. 

[Class-room Paper No. 1. — Theory of the Social 
Compact. — Manual, § 199.] 

Lect. 6. American Theories of Federal Government: 
precedents; two spheres; division of powers; ultimate 
authority; written constitutions; subordination of laws. 
Bibliography: Manual, § 199; Actual Government, § 17; 
E. McClain, Constitutional Law, § 15. — Secondary Read- 
ings: Actual Government, §§25-27; A. B. Hart, National 
Ideals (Am. Nation, XXVI), ch. viii; J. Bryce, Am. Com- 
monwealth, I, chs. ii-iv, xxvi-xxx; E. McClain, Constitutional 
Law, ch. iii; C. E. Merriam, Theory of Sovereignty, ch. ix. 
— Additional Readings: A. C. McLaughlin, Confederation 
and Constitution (Am. Nation, X), chs. xii-xvii; W. Mac- 
Donald, Jacksonian Democracy (Am. Nation, XV), ch. vi; 
W. W. Willoughby, Constitutional System, chs. i, ii; R. L. 
Ashley, Am. Federal State, § 5; A. B. Hart, Introduction to 
the Study of Federal Government, §§33-40; C. E. Merriam, 
Am. Political Theories, chs. iii, vii; W. W. Willoughby, 
Nature of the State, ch. x; J. S. Landon, Constitutional Hist., 
chs. xvii, xviii. 



172 LECTURES AND READINGS [§98 

[Class-room Paper No. 2. — Theory of the two 
Spheres and op the Unity of American Government. 
— Manual, § 200.] 

Lect. 7. (1606-1907) Historical Development of Amer- 
ican Government: English types; colonies; towns and 
counties; boroughs; control from England; self-reliance; 
Revolutionary governments; federal idea; democrati- 
zation; lack of executive concentration; elective judi- 
ciary; rotation; limitation on legislation; centraliza- 
tion in Civil War; cities. 
Bibliography: Actual Government, § 17. — Secondary 
Readings: Actual Government, §§ 21-24; A. B. Hart, Na- 
tional Ideals {Am. Nation, XXVI), ch. vi; J. Bryce, Am. 
Commonwealth, I, chs. ii-iv, xxi; W. W. Willoughby, Con- 
stitutional System, ch. iii. — Additional Readings: C. M. 
Andrews, Colonial Self-Government (Am. Nation, V), ch. 
ii; J. A. Woodburn, Am. Republic, ch. i; J. A. Kasson, Evo- 
lution of the Constitution, chs. i-iv; R. L. Ashley, Am. 
Federal State, chs. ii-iv; C. E. Merriam, Am. Political Theories, 
chs. i, ii; F. A. Cleveland, Growth of Democracy, chs. ii, xi; 
G. S. Boutwell, Constitution; H. J. Ford, Am. Politics, chs. 
xxvi, xxviii. 

§ 99. Readings on Membership in the Community: Privileges 
and Obligations. 

Bibliography. — Manual, §§ 177, 197, 201; Actual Gov- 
ernment, §§1, 7. 

Secondary Readings. — Actual Government, chs. i, ii; 
W. W. Willoughby, Constitutional System, ch. xv; B. A. 
Hinsdale, Am. Government, chs. xlvii, xlviii; G. S. Boutwell, 
Constitution, chs. x, xxii, xxiii, xliv, liii-lviii, Ixiii, Ixiv; H. 
Von Hoist, Constitutional Law, §§ 72-78, 84-87. 

Additional Readings. — H. Brannon, A Treatise on the 
Fourteenth Amendment; J. W. Burgess, Political Science, I, 



§ 100] GOVERNMENT 173 

174-252; J. M. Cooley, Constitutional Law, ch. iv, §§3, 14, 
chs. xii-xvi; J. J. Lalor, Cyclopcedia of Political Science, 
articles on Cherokee Case, Civil Rights Bill, Dred Scott 
Gase, Ex-Post Facto Laws, Habeas Corpus (U. S.), Jury 
(Trial), Personal Liberty Laws, Petition, Slavery; A. de 
Tocqueville, Democracy in America, I, ch. xviii; C. G. Tiede- 
man, Unwritten Constitution, chs. vi, viii. 

Sources. — M. Hill, Liberty Documents; James Wilson, 
Works, II, ch. xii. 

§ 100. Lectures on Membership in the Community: Privileges 
and Obligations. (Lects. 8-14.) 

Lect. 8. Citizenship and Alien Status: birth; naturali- 
zation; annexation; aliens; "heimathlose"; Chinese; 
Japanese; loss of citizenship. 

Bibliography: Manual, §§ 177, 192, 201; Actual Govern- 
ment, § 7; E. McClain. Constitutional Law, § 192; R. C. 
Ringwalt, Briefs on Public Questions, No. 1. — Secondary 
Readings: Actual Government, §§ 8-10; E. McClain, Con- 
stitutional Law, n 100, 193-196; W. W. Willoughby, Con- 
stitutional System, ch. xv; A. B. Hart, National Ideals (Am. 
Nation, XXVI), ch. iii. — Additional Readings: G. S. 
Boutwell, Constitution, ch. xliv; W. W. Willoughby, Am. 
Citizenship, part i, ch. ii. 

Lect. 9. Special Status of Dependent Peoples: 
Negroes; Indians; Alaskans; Porto Ricans; Filipinos. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§ 194,201; Guide, §§ 185, 196. 
E. McClain, Constitutional Law, § 184; Actual Government, 
§160. — Secondary Readings: Actual Government, §§15, 
164-168; E. McClain, Constitutional Law, §§ 107, 185, 186; 
W. W. Willoughby, Constitutional System, chs. xiii, xiv, 
xvii; R. L. Ashley, Am. Federal State, §§628-630; A. B. 
Hart, National Ideals (Am. Nation, XXVI), ch. iv. — 
Sources: Contemporaries, IV, §§ 186, 191, 204; M. Hill, 



174 LECTURES AND READINGS [§ 100 

Liberty Documents, ch. xxiv; Commissioner of Indian Affairs, 
Reports. 

Lect. 10. Obligations of Citizens and Residents: 
obedience; military service; taxation; public office; 
status of citizens abroad. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§ 155, 177, 182, 187; Actual 
Government, §7; E. McClain, Constitutional Law, § 197. — 
Secondary Readings: Actual Government, § 10; E. McClain, 
Constitutional Law, ch. xxxv; W. W. Willoughby, Constitu- 
tional System, ch. xv; R. L. Ashley, Am. Federal State, ch. 
xxix; W. W. Willoughby, Am. Citizenship, 26-29, 37-41.— 
Sources: M. Hill, Liberty Documents, ch. xxiii. 

[Class-room Paper No. 3. — Status of Citizens other 
THAN Native Born. — Manual, §201.] 

Lect. 11. Doctrine of Fundamental Rights: English 

precedents; colonial precedents; bills of rights; Federal 

Constitution; Fourteenth Amendment; "civil rights." 

Bibliography: Manual, § 155; Guide, §§ 146, 147; 

Actual Government, §17. — Secondary Readings: Actual 

Government, §§ 22, 24, 28; A. B. Hart, National Ideals (Am. 

Nation, XXVI), ch. vi; E. McClain, Constitutional Law, 

chs. i, ii; J. Story, Commentaries, §§ 301, 304, 1858-1868. 

— Additional Readings: T. M. Cooley, Constitutional 

Limitations, chs. ix, x; W. W. Willoughby, Aju. Citizenship, 

chs. i-vii. — Sources: M. Hill, Liberty Documents, chs. ii- 

vi, viii, ix, xi, xiii. 

Lect. 12. Liberty: personal freedom; movement; occu- 
pations; expression of opinions; trial; habeas corpus. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§ 155, 159, 192, 202; Guide, 
§§148, 186, 214; Actual Government, §7. — Secondary 
Readings: Actual Government, §§ 11-14; A. B. Hart, 
National Ideals (Am. Nation, XXVI), ch. v; E. McClain, 
Constitutional Law, chs. xxvi-xliv; J. A. Smith, Spirit of 



§ 100] GOVERNMENT 175 

Am. Government, chs. xi, xii. — Additional Readings: 
R. C. Hurd, Habeas Corpus; B. A. Hinsdale, Am. Govern- 
ment, chs. xlvii, xlviii; T. M. Cooley, Constitutional Limita- 
tions, chs. xi-xiii; A. Train, Prisoner at the Bar; Adolphe de 
Chambrun, Droits et Libertes aux Etats Unis. — Sources: 
.Conteniporaries, IV, §§ 124-129; M. Hill, Liberty Documents, 
chs. viii, xxi-xxiii. 

Lect. 13. Religious Freedom: sects; centralized sys- 
tems; religious qualifications; establishment of religion; 
polygamy. 

Bibliography: Manual, § 202; Actual Government, § 239; 
E. McClain, Constitutional Law, § 206. — Secondary Read- 
ings: Actual Government, § 13; A. B. Hart, National Ideals, 
{Am. Nation, XXVI), ch. xi; J. Bryce, Am. Commonwealth, 
II, chs. cvi, cvii; E. McClain, Constitutional Law, ch. xxxvii; 
C. D. Wright, Practical Sociology, §§ 38, 39. — Additional 
Readings: T. M. Cooley, Constitutional Limitations, ch. 
xiii; J. H. Crooker, Problems in Am. Society, ch. vi; P. 
Schaff, Church and State (Am. Hist. Assoc, Papers, II, 
391). 

[Class-room Paper No. 4. — Theory of Religious 
Liberty. — Manual, § 202.] 

Lect. 14. Public Opinion: the pulpit; the press; public 
meetings; personal influence; financial magnates; 
bosses; literature; societies; mobs; leaders. 
Bibliography: Actual Government, §§7, 42; E. McClain, 
Constitutional Law, §§211, 217. — Secondary Readings: 
Actual Government, §§ 13, 49; J. Bryce, Am. Commonwealth, 
II, chs. Ixxvi-lxxxvii, xcix; E. McClain, Constitutional Law, 
chs. xxxviii, xxxix. — Additional Readings: T. M. Cooley, 
^ Constitutional Limitations, ch. xii; F. J. Goodnow, Politics 
and Administration, ch. ii; A. L. Lowell, Essays on Govern- 
ment, No. 2. — Sources: newspapers; magazines; reviews. 



176 LECTURES AND READINGS [§ 101 

§ 101. Readings on Written Constitutions. 

Bibliography. — Actual Government, § 17. 

Readings. — Actual Government, § 28; W. W. Willoughby, 
Constitutional System, ch. iii; J. Bryce, Am. Commonwealth, 
I, chs. xxxii-xxxiii; C. E. Merriam, Am. Political Theories, 
chs. i-iv; C. Borgeaud, Origin of Written Constitutions {Pol. 
Science Quarterly, VII, 613-632); T. M. Cooley, Constitu- 
tional Limitations, chs. ii-iv, vii; W. C. Morey, Genesis of a 
Written Constitution and First State Constitutions (Annals 
Am. Acad. Pol. Sci., I, 529-557; IV, 201-233). 

Additional Readings. — J. A. Jameson, Constitutional 
Conventions; J. A. Kasson, Evolution of the Constitution; 
S. E. Baldwin, Political Institutions, chs. ii, iii; H. C. Black, 
Constitutional Law, ch. iii; S. G. Fisher, Evolution of the Con- 
stitution; J. W. Burgess, Political Science, I, 142-154; J. 
H. Robinson, Original and Periodic Features of the Consti- 
tution, C. G. Tiedeman, Unwritten Constitution, ch. xii; 
A. Johnston, Political History (Woodburn ed.), I, chs. iv, v. 

— Sources: M. Hill, Liberty Documents, chs. vii, ix, xiii, 
XV, xvii; B. P. Poukl, Charters and Constitutions; F. B. 
Hough, Am. Constitutions; B. P. Poore, Charters and Con- 
stitutions. 

§ 102. Lectures on Written Constitutions. (Lects. 15-18.) 
Lect. 15. Principle of Fundamental Limitations: cor- 
porations; colonial charters; colonial governments; 
early states; federal government; application by courts. 
Bibliography: Manual, § 203; Actual Government, § 17. 

— Secondary Readings: Actual Government, §22; E. 
McClain, Constitutional Law, §§9-12; W. W. Willoughby, 
Constitutional System, chs. i, ii; S. E. Baldwin, Political 
Institutions, ch. iii; S. G. Fisher, Evolution of the Constitu- 
tion, chs. ii, iii. — Additional Readings: T. M. Cooley, 
Constitutional Limitations, chs. i-iii, vi-viii, xvi; J. Story, 
Commentaries, §§ 1331-1606, 1906-1909; J. Schouler, Con- 



§ 102] GOVERNMENT 177 

stitutwnal Studies, part ii, ch. vii; G. S. Boutwell, Consti- 
tion, chs. li, lii, lix; A. V. Dicey, Law of the Constitution, 
Introduction. — Sources: M. Hill, Liberty Documents, chs. 
ii, vi, viii, ix, xiv, xix. 

Lect. 16. Framing Constitutions by Conventions: 
summons; limitations; procedure; submission; popular 
ratifications; number of constitutions. 

Bibliography: Manual, §§ 136,203; Guide, § 154; Actual 
Government, § 17. — Secondary Readings: Actual Govern- 
ment, §§ 23, 24; A. C. McLaughlin, Confederation and Con- 
stitution (Am. Nation, X), chs. xii-xvi; E. McClain, Consti- 
tutional Law, § 13; F. A. Cleveland, Growth of Democracy, 
chs. V, ix; E. P. Oberholtzer, Referendum in America, chs. 
iii, vi. — Additional Readings: J. A. Kasson, Evolution 
of the Constitution, ch. v; A. Johnston, Political History 
(Woodburn ed.), I, ch. v; R. L. Ashley, Am. Federal State, 
ch. v; B. A. Hinsdale, Am. Government, chs. vii-ix; J. A. 
Jameson, Constitutional Conventions, ch. viii. — Sources: 
Contemporaries, III, §§60-75; M. Hill, Liberty Documents, 
ch. xvii. 

[Class-room Paper No. 5. — Limitations on Consti- 
tutional Conventions. — Manual, § 203.] 

Lect. 17. Amendment of Constitutions through Leg- 
• iSLATUREs; single amendments; legislative action; re- 
peated action; popular ratification; rejections. 
Bibliography: Manual, § 205; Actual Government, § 17. 
— Secondary Readings: Actual Government, §§28,29; E. 
McClain, Constitutional Law, § 14; J. Bryce, Am. Common- 
wealth, I, chs. xxxii, xxxvii, xxxviii; J. A. Kasson, Evolu- 
tion of the Constitution, ch. xi. — Additional Readings: C. 
Borgeaud, Adoption and Amendment of Constitutions, 3-25, 
131-191; J. A. Smith, Spirit of Am. Government, ch. iv; 
G. S. Boutwell, Constitution, chs. i, lii-lxiv. — Sources: 
N. Y. State Library, Bulletin of Legislation (annual numbers). 



178 LECTURES AND READINGS [§ 102 

Lect. 18. Interpretation of Written Constitutions: 

principles; status of courts; implied powers; residuum; 

unwritten usage. 

Bibliography: Actual Government, § 17; E. McClain, 

Constitutional Law, § 15. — Secondary Readings: Actual 

Government, § 31; J. Bryce, Am. Commonwealth, 1, chs. 

xxxiii, XXXV, xxxviii; E. McClain, Constitutional Law, ch. 

iii; W. W. Willoughby, Constitutional System, ch. iii. — 

Additional Readings: S. E. Baldwin, Political Institutions, 

ch. vii; W. W. Willoughby, Am. Citizenship, part ii, ch. ix. 

§ 103. Readings on Machinery of Popular Government. 

Bibliography. — Actual Government, §§32, 42; Brook- 
ings and Ringwalt, Briefs for Debate, Nos. 1-11. 

Secondary Readings. — Actual Government, §§43-58; 
A. B. Hart, National Ideals (Am. Nation, XXVI), chs. v, 
vii, ix; F. A. Cleveland, Growth of Democracy, chs. x, xii; 
T. M. Cooley, Constitutional Limitations, ch. xvii; H. J. 
Ford, Am. Politics, chs. vii-xvii, xxiii-xxv; M. Ostrogorski, 
Democracy and Political Parties. 

Additional Readings. — J. A. Woodburn, Political 
Parties; J. Macy, Party Organization and Machinery; A. 
Johnston, Political Hist. (Woodburn ed.), I, chs. xi, xii; 
A. de Tocqueville, Democracy in America, I, chs. x, xiii; 
J. R. Commons, Proportional Representation; F. W. Dallin- 
ger, Nominations for Elective Office; G. Bradford, Popular 
Government; E. L. Godkin, Problems of Modern Democracy, 
No. 4; F. J. Goodnow, Politics and Administration; J. B. 
Harrison, Certain Dangerous Tendencies; L. J. Jennings, 
Eighty Years of Republican Government, chs. vii, viii; W. E. 
H. Lecky, Democracy and Liberty, I, 223-304; II, 543-560. 

Sources. — Am. Annual Cyclopcedia (1861-1878); Apple- 
tot' s Annual Cyclopcedia (1879-1897); Tribune Almanac; 
World Almanac; campaign text-books. 



§ 104] GOVERNMENT 179 

§ 104. Lectures on Machinery of Popular Government. 
(Lects. 19-24.) 

Lect. 19. The Suffrage: history; conditions; exercise; 
woman suffrage; property qualifications; negro suffrage. 

Bibliography: Manual, § 204; Actual Government, § 32; 
E. McClain, Constitutional Law, § 197; R. C. Ringwalt, 
Briefs on Public Questions, Nos. 2-4. — Secondary Read- 
ings: Actual Government, §§ 33-35; W. W. Willoughby, 
Am. Citizenship, part i. ch. iii; E. McClain; Constitutional 
Law, ch. xxv; A. B. Hart, Practical Essays, No. 2; J. A. 
Woodburn, Political Parties, ch. i; F. A. Cleveland, Growth 
of Democracy, ch. vi. — Additional Readings: J. Macy, 
Party Organization and Machinery, ch. i; R. L. Ashley, Am. 
Federal State, §§ 516-519; B. A. Hinsdale, Am. Government, 
ch. liv; R. Foster, Commentaries, §§ 50-59. — Sources: 
Contemporaries, III, §§ 163, 164. 

[Class-room Paper No. 6. — Limiting the Suffrage. 
— Manual, § 204.] 

Lect. 20. The Ballot: methods of voting; participation; 
minority and proportional voting; corrupt influences, 
counting votes. 

Bibliography: Actual Government, § 32; Brookings and 
Ringwalt, Briefs for Debate, No. 18. — Secondary Read- 
ings: Actual Government, §§ 36-38; J. A. Woodburn, Politi- 
cal Parties, ch. xv; A. B. Hart, Practical Essays, No. 2; 
R. L. Ashley, Am. Federal State, §§ 519-527. — Additional 
Readings: J. Bryce, A^n. Commonwealth, II, chs. Ixvi, 
Ixvii, xcvi; F. J. Stimson, Methods of Bribery; J. R. Com- 
mons, Proportional Representation. 

Lect. 21. Legislative Referendum: local; state ques- 
tions; legislative; compulsory; initiative; advantages 
and disadvantages. 
Bibliography: Manual, § 205; Actual Government, § 32; 

R. C. Ringwalt, Briefs on Public Questions, No. 7. — Sec- 



180 LECTURES AND READINGS [§ 104 

ONDARY Readings: Actual Government, §§ 39-41; E. McCIain, 
Constitutional Law, § 4; F. A. Cleveland, Growth of Democ- 
racy, chs. vii-x; J. Bryce, Am.. Commonwealth, 1, ch. xxxix. 

— Additional Readings: E. P. Oberholtzer, Referendum in 
America, chs. vii-xvi; R. L. Ashley, Am. Federal State, 
§§528-531. 

[Class-room Paper No. 7. — Efficacy of the Refer- 
endum. — Manual, § 205.] 

Lect. 22. Parties: history; organization; third parties; 
tenets; organs; control. 
Bibliography: Guide, §§ 160, 181, 201; Actual Gov- 
ernment, §42. — Secondary Readings: Actual Government, 
§ 43; A. B. Hart, National Ideals (Am. Nation, XXVI), 
ch. ix; J. A. Woodburn, Political Parties, chs. i-ix; J. Macy, 
Party Organization and Machinery; J. Bryce, Am. Common- 
wealth, II, chs. liii-lvi; M. Ostrogorski, Democracy and 
Organization of Political Parties, II, ch. i. — Additional 
Readings: A. Johnston, Political Hist. (Woodburn ed.); 
J. A. Smith, Spirit of Am. Government, ch. viii; R. L. Ashley, 
Am. Federal State, §§532-545; W. W. Willoughby, Am. 
Citizenship, part, ii, ch. iii; F. J. Goodnow, Politics and 
Administration, chs. ii, iii, ix; H. J. Ford, Ain. Politics, 
chs. vii, xxiii-xxv; H. C. Lodge, Hist, and Pol. Essays, 
198-213. — Sources: Contemporaries, III, § 83; IV, § 197. 

Lect. 23. Nominating Machinery: caucus; primary; con- 
ventions; committees; leaders; assessments; official 
primaries; senators; "the organization." 
Bibliography: Manual, § 206; Actual Government, § 42. 

— Secondary Readings: Actual Government, §§44-47; J. 
A. Woodburn, Political Parties, chs. x-xii; J. Macy, Party 
Organization and Machinery, chs. v-vii; J. Bryce, Am. Com- 
monwealth, II, chs. Ixix-lxxiii. — Additional Readings: 
R. L. Ashley, Am. Federal State, §§ 546-549; M. Ostrogorski, 
Democracy, chs. ii-v; F. W. Dallinger, Nominations for 
Elective Office. 



§ 105] GOVERNMENT 181 

Lect. 24. The Political Machine: the ring; the boss; 
rise; system; powers; remedies. 

Bibliography: Actual Government, § 42. — Secondary 
Readings: Actual Government, §§ 48-51; A. B. Hart, Na- 
tional Ideals (Am. Nation, XXVI), chs. ix, xiv; J. Bryce, 
Am. Commonwealth, II, chs. Ivii, Ix-lxiv, Ixviii, Ixxiv, Ixxv, 
Ixxxviii, Ixxxix; J. A. Woodburn, Political Parties, chs. 
xiii-xxi; T. Roosevelt, Am. Ideals, No. 6. — Additional 
Readings: R. L. Ashley, Am. Federal State, §§ 550-553; 
M. Ostrogorski, Democracy, chs. vi-ix; F. J. Goodnow, 
Politics and Administration, ch. viii; D. B. Eaton, Govern- 
ment of Municipalities, chs. iv-vi; G. Myers, Hist, of Tam- 
many Hall. — Sources: Contemporaries, III, §88; IV, § 202. 

[Class-room Paper No. 8. — Popular Nomination 
Machinery. — Manual, § 206.] 

§ 105. Readings on the Government of the Commonwealths. 

Bibliography. — Actual Government, §§52, 59, 66, 72. 

Secondary Readings. — Actual Government, chs. vi-ix; 
P. S. Reinsch, Legislatures and Legislative Methods, chs. iv- 
x; J. Bryce, Am. Commonwealth, I, chs. xl-xlvi; E. McClain, 
Constitutional Law, chs. xxx-xxxiii; W. W. Willoughby, 
Constitutional System, chs. v-x; J. F. Jameson, Constitu- 
tional and Political History of the States; H. Hitchcock, - 
Am. State Constitutions; H. C. Black, Constitutional Law, 
ch>-'. xi-xiii; J. W. Burgess, Am. Commonwealth {Pol. Sci. 
Quarterly, I, 9-35). 

Additional Readings. — T. M. Cooley, Constitutional 
Law, chs. X, xi; L. B. Evans (editor). Handbooks of Amer- 
ican Government (monographs on the government of the 
individual States); F. J. Goodnow, Comparative Adminis- 
trative Law, I, books ii, iii; S. E. Baldwin, Modern Political 
Institutions, chs. iii-ix, xi; W. O. Bateman, Political and 
Constitutional Law, §§ 186-193, 253-265, 283-285; A. 
Johnston, Political Hist. (Woodburn ed.), I, ch. xix; J. 
Schouler, Constitutional Studies, 203-308. 



182 LECTURES AND READINGS [§ 105 

Sources. — Statute books, executive reports and judi- 
cial decrees of the states. The legislation is annually 
analyzed in New York State Library, Bulletins, Comparative 
Legislation. 

§ 106. Lectures on the Government of the Commonwealths. 
(Lects. 25-30.) 

Lect. 25. Colonial Government AS A Precedent: origin; 
types; organization; relations to mother country; 
vestiges. 

Bibliography: Actual Government, § 17; Guide, §§ 146, 
147. — Secondary Readings: Actual Government, §§ 22, 23; 
C. M. Andrews, Colonial Self Government (Am. Nation, V); 
E. B. Greene, Provincial America (Am. Nation, VI); B. A. 
Hinsdale, Am. Government, chs. i-v. — Additional Read- 
ings: H. L. Osgood, Am. Colonies, II; J. Schouler, Constitu- 
tional Studies, part i; J. S. Landon, Constitutional Hist., 
chs. i-iv. — Sources: Contemporaries, II, §§45-74; Source- 
Book, §§48-51. 

Lect. 26. States in the Union: admission; limitations; 
privileges; duties; inter-state obligations. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§ 141, 149, 160; Actual Govern- 
ment, § 52; E. McClain, Constitutional Law, § 177. — Sec- 
ondary Readings: Actual Government, §§ 53-58; F. J. 
Turner, Rise of the New West (Am. Nation, XIV), ch. xix; 
W. MacDonald, Jacksonian Democracy (Am. Nation, XV), 
ch. xv; W. A. Dunning, Reconstruction (Am. Nation, XXII), 
chs. iii, iv; E. McClain, Constitutional Law, ch. xxxi; W. W. 
Willoughby, Constitutional System, chs. xviii, xix; J. Bryce, 
Am. Commonwealth, I, chs. ii, xxviii, xxxvi, xliv-xlvi; J. 
A. Woodburn, Am. Republic, ch. vii; C. E. Merriam, Theory 
of Sovereignty, chs. vi, vii. — Additional Readings: G. S. 
Boutwell, Constitution, chs. xxix-xxxi, xliii, xlv, xlvi, xlix, 
Ix; J. Ordronaux, Constitutional Legislation, ch. iii; W. W. 



§ 106] GOVERNMENT 183 

Willoughby, Am. Citizenship, part ii, ch. x; L. J. Jennings, 
Eighty Years of Republican Government, ch. ii; G. H. Alden, 
Forming and Admitting New States (Annals Am. Acad. Pol. 
Sci., XVIII, 469-479); B. A. Hinsdale, Am. Government, 
chs. xl-xlii, xlix. — Sources: Contemporaries, IV, §§ 145-157. 

Lect. 27. State Legislatures: legislation; choice; organi- 
zation; procedure; influences; output of legislation. 

Bibliography: Manual, § 207; Actual Government, § 59; 
E. McClain, Constitutional Law, § 44. — Secondary Read- 
ings: Actual Government, §§ 60-65; P. S. Reinsch, Legis- 
latures, chs. iv-x; E. McClain, Constitutional Law, ch. viii; 
T. Roosevelt, Am. Ideals, No. 5; J. Bryce, Am. Common- 
wealth, I, chs. xl, xliv. — Additional Readings: F. A. 
Cleveland, Growth of Democracy, chs. xiii, xiv; J. Ordronaux, 
Constitutional Legislation, ch. x; S. N. Patten, Decay of 
State and Local Governments (Annals Am. Acad. Pol. Sci., 
I, 26-42); R. L. Ashley, Am. Federal State, §§417-429.— 
Sources: Contemporaries, IV, § 198; New York State 
Library, Bulletins. 

[Class-room Paper No. 9. ^ How to Secure Good 
State and Local Legislation. — Manual, § 207.] 

Lect. 28. The State Governor: choice; prerogatives; 
powers; control; appointments. 

Bibliography: Actual Government, §66. — Secondary 
Readings: Actual Government, §§ 64, 67; E, McClain, Con- 
stiutional Law, § 39; R. L. Ashley, Am. Federal State, 
§§ 430-433; E. B. Greene, Provincial Governor; F. J. Good- 
now. Comparative Administrative Law, I, 74-82; J. H. 
Finley, The Am. Executive; J. Bryce, Am. Commonwealth, 
I, ch. xli. 

} Lect. 29. State Executive Departments: election or 
appointment; heads; boards; officials; minor officials; 
discipline; control; defects. 



184 LECTURES AND READINGS [§ 106 

Bibliography: Manual, § 208; Actual Government, § 66. 
— Secondary Readings: Actual Government, §§68-71; 
P. S. Reinsch, Legislatures, ch. viii; J. Bryce, Am. Common- 
wealth, 1, ch. xli; F. J. Goodnow, Comparative Administra- 
tive Law, I, 102-106, 134-137, 146-161; II, 1-100.— 
Additional Readings: J. A. Fairlie, Centralization of 
Administration in New York State; R. H. Whitten, Public 
Administration in Massachusetts; J. H. Finley, The Am. 
Executive. 

[Class-room Paper No. 10. — Efficiency of Execu- 
tive Boards. — Manual, § 208.] 

Lect. 30. State Judiciary: bar and bench; courts; cases; 

non-judicial duties; decisions; relation to statutes; 

relation to appeals; lynch law. 
Bibliography: Actual Government, § 72. — Secondary 
Readings: Actual Government, §§ 73-78; S. E. Baldwin, 
Am. Judiciary, chs. viii, xi; R. L. Ashley, Am. Federal 
State, §§434-437; J. Bryce, Am. Commonwealth, I, ch. 
xlii; II, chs. ci, cii; J. A. Smith, Spirit of Aw. Government, 
ch. ix. — Additional Readings: A. L. Lowell, Essays on 
Government, No. 3; T. M. Cooley, Constitutional Hist., ch. 
v; A. de Tocqueville, Democracy in America, I, chs. vi, vii. 

§ 107. Readings on Local and Municipal Government. 

Bibliography: Actual Government, §§ 79, 86, 95. 

Secondary Readings. — Actual Government, chs. x-xii; 
F. J. Goodnow, City Government; J. A. Fairlie, Local Govern- 
ment; J. Bryce, Am. Commonwealth, I, chs. xlviii-lii; B. A. 
Hinsdale, Am. Government, ch. Iv; T. M. Cooley, Constitu- 
tional Limitations, ch. viii; J. A. Fairlie, Municipal Admin- 
istration; F. J. Goodnow, Comparative Administrative Law, 
I, 162-233; A. B. Hart, National Ideals (Am. Nation, XXVI), 
ch. vii. 

Additional Readings. — F. J. Goodnow, Municipal 
Home Rule: F. J. Goodnow, Municipal Problems; H. Von 



§ lOS] GOVERNMENT 185 

Hoist, Constitutional Law, §§ 98-102; J. K. Hosmer, Anglo- 
Saxon Freedom, ch. xvii; G. E. Howard, An Introduction to 
the Local Constitutional Hist, of the U. S., I, 62-99, 135- 
238, 408-470; J. F. Dillon, Commentaries on the Law of 
Municipal Corporations ; D. B. Eaton, Government of 
Municipalities; A. de Tocqueville, Democracy in America, 
I, ch. v; D. F. Wilcox, Study of City Government; W. Wilson, 
The State, §§ 1209-1259; A. R. Conkling, City Government 
in the U. S.; T. M. Cooley, Constitutional Law, ch. xvii. 

Sources. — Municipal Affairs; National Municipal League, 
Proceedings. 

§ 108. Lectures on Local and Municipal Government. (Lects. 
31-40.) 

Lect. 31. (1607-1789) Precedents of Local Govern- 
ment: English; colonial types; Eighteenth Century; 
Revolutionary; subordination of governments. 
Bibliography: Actual Government, § 79; Guide, § 147. — 
Secondary Readings: Actual Government, §§ 80, 87; F. J. 
Goodnow, City Government, ch. iii; J. A. Fairlie, Local 
Government, chs. i-iii; A. B. Hart, Practical Essays, Nos. 6, 
7; E. Channing, Town and County Government. — Addi- 
tional Readings: J. A. Fairlie, Municipal Administra- 
tion, ch. v; F. A. Cleveland, Growth of Democracy, ch. iii; 
W. Wilson, The State, §§ 1033-1040; G. E. Howard, Local 
Constitutional Hist., 1. — ^ Sources: Contemporaries, II, 
§§ 75-79; Source-Book, § 52. 

Lect. 32. Town Government: New England town; town- 
ship; Western township; town meeting; functions; 
control. 
Bibliography: Actual Government, §79. — Secondary 
Readings: Actual Government, § 82: J. A. Fairlie, Local 
Government, chs. viii, ix; J. Bryce, Am. Commonwealth, I, 
ch. xlviii; W. W. Willoughby, Am. Citizenship, part ii, ch. 



186 LECTURES AND READINGS [§ 108 

x; A. B. Hart, in The Nation, May 11, 1893; R. L. Ashley, 
Am. Federal State, §§ 471-475. 

Lect. 33. Counties: New England; Southern; Middle 
States; Western; county boards; control. 
Bibliography: Manual, § 209; Actual Government, § 79. 

— Secondary Readings: Actual Government, §83; J. A. 
Fairlie, Local Government, chs. iv-vii; J. Bryce, Am. Com- 
monwealth, 1, ch. xlix; R. L. Ashley, Am. Federal State, 
§§ 476-480. — Additional Readings: G. E. Howard, Local 
Constitutional Hist. 

[Class-room Paper No. 11. — Improvement of County 
Government. — Manual, § 209.] 

Lect. 34. Mixed Local Systems: township-county; county- 
precinct; villages; boroughs; school districts; control. 
Bibliography: Actual Government, § 79. — Secondary 
Readings: Actual Government, § 84; J. A. Fairlie, Local 
Government, ch. x; B. A. Hinsdale, Am. Government, ch. Iv. 

— Additional Readings: G. E. Howard, Local Constitu- 
tional Hist. 

Lect. 35. American Cities: sites; population; growth; 
race problems; mass problems; criminal problems. 
Bibliography: Actual Government, §95. — Secondary 
Readings: Actual Government, §§96-101; F. J. Goodnow, 
City Government, chs. i-iv; CD. Wright, Practical Sociology,. 
chs. viii, ix; A. B. Hart, Practical Essays, No. 8; — Addi- 
tional Readings: J. A. Smith, Spir-it of Am. Government, 
ch. x; R. L. Ashley, Am. Federal State, §§488-492; F. J. 
Goodnow, Municipal Problems, chs. ii, iii; S. E. Baldwin, 
Political Institutions, ch. vi; B. S. Coler, Municipal Govern- 
ment, ch. i; F. C. Howe, City the Hope of Democracy, chs. 
i-v; D. F. Wilcox, A7n. City; G. E. Waring in N. S. Shaler, 
United States, II, ch. v. 



§ 108] GOVERNMENT 187 

Lect. 36. Municipal Legislative Power: charters; 
councils; boards; state legislatures; output of legisla- 
tion. 

Bibliography: Actual Government, §86. — Secondary 
Readings: Actual Government, §§ 88-90; F. J. Goodnow, 
City Government, chs. v, vii; J. A. Fairlie, Municipal Admin- 
istration, ch. xvii; R. L. Ashley, Am. Federal State, §§ 493, 
494. — Additional Readings: D. F. Wilcox, City Govern- 
ment, 143-179; F. J. Goodnow, Municipal Problems, chs. i, 
ix; F. C. Howe, City the Hope of Democracy, ch. xi; H. C. 
Black, Constitutional Law, ch. xvii; J. Bryce, Am. Common- 
wealth, I, chs. 1-lii. — Sources: National Municipal League, 
Municipal Program; Chicago Charter Convention, Digest of 
City Charters. 

[Class-room Paper No. 12. — Improvement of City 
Charters. — Manual, § 210. 

Lect. 37. Municipal Executive Power: mayors; heads 
of departments; city boards; state boards; state super- 
vision; the police. 
Bibliography: Manual, §211; Actual Government, §86; 
Brookings and Ringwalt, Briefs for Debate, No. 19. — 
Secondary Readings: Actual Government, §§ 91-93; F. J. 
Goodnow, City Government, chs. viii-xiii; J. A. Fairlie, 
Municipal Administration, chs. xviii, xix; R. L. Ashley, 
Am. Federal State, §§ 495-499; F. J. Goodnow, Municipal 
Problems, ch. x. 

Lect. 38. Defects of City Government: conditions; 

confusion; change; ineptitude; corruption; relation to 

national politics. 

Bibliography: Actual Government, §95. — Secondary 

Readings: Actual Government, §§ 100, 101; F. J. Goodnow, 

City Government, ch. xiv; J. Bryce, Am. Commonwealth, I, 

chs. 1-lii; F. J. Goodnow, Municipal Problems, ch. viii; 



188 LECTURES AND READINGS [§ 108 

B. S. Coler, Municipal Government, ch. ix. — Additional 
Readings: F. C. Howe, City the Hope of Democracy, chs. 
vi, vii; N. Matthews, City Government of Boston; D. B. 
Eaton, Government of Municipalities; L. Steffens, Shame 
of the Cities. 

Lect. 39. Municipal Franchises: docks; pipes; conduits; 
traction; railroads; question of municipal ownership. 
Bibliography: Actual Government, § 95; R. C. Ringwalt, 
Briefs on Public Questions, No. 21. — Secondary Read- 
ings: Actual Government, § 98; F. J. Goodnow, City Govern- 
ment, ch. ii; R. L. Ashley, Am. Federal State, § 508; J. F. 
Dillon, Municipal Corporations, II, chs. xv-xviii; E. W. 
Bemis, Municipal Monopolies; C. Zueblin, Am. Municipal 
Progress. 

Lect. 40. Remedies for Misgovernment in American 
Cities: charters; state supervision; separation from 
state and national politics; reform organizations; 
public spirit. 
Bibliography: Actual Government, §§86, 95. — Sec- 
ondary Readings: Actual Government, § 93; C. W. Eliot, 
Am. Contributions, ch. vii; F. J. Goodnow, City Govern- 
ment, ch. xiv; J. A. Fairlie, Municipal Administration, 
ch. XX ; F. J. Goodnow, Municipal Problems, ch. xi; 
S. Low, Problem of Municipal Government. — Additional 
Readings: F. J. Goodnow, Municipal Home Rule; F. C. 
Howe, City the Hope of Democracy, ch. viii; F. Parsons, 
City for the People; N. Matthews, City Government of Boston, 
174-185; R. L. Ashley, Am. Federal State, §§495-499.— 
Sources: Report of Tilden Commission, in Municipal 
Affairs, III, 434-454; National Municipal League, Muni- 
cipal Program. 

[Class-room Paper No. 13. — Responsible Mayoralty. 
— Manual, § 211.] 



§110] GOVERNMENT 189 

§ 109. Readings on the National Executive. 

Bibliography. — Actual Government, § 120; E. McClain, 
Constitutional Law, §§ 37, 119, 121, 125, 129, 132. 

Secondary Readings. — Actual Government, ch. xv; 
J. A. Fairlie, National Administration, chs. i, ii; E. McClain, 
Constitutional Law, chs. vi, xix-xxiii; E. Stanwood, Hist, of 
the Presidency; B. A. Hinsdale, Am. Government, chs. 
xxviii-xxxiii; J. Bryce, Am. Commonwealth, I, chs. v-ix; 
H. J. Ford, Am. Politics, ch. xxii; A. Conkling, Powers of 
Executive Department; G. S. Boiitwell, Constitution, chs. 
xxxii-xxxv, Ixi; J. H. Finley, The Am. Executive. 

Additional Readings. — J. W. Burgess, Political Science 
and Comparative Constitutional Law, II, 216-263, 307-319; 
T. M. Cooley, Constitutional Law, ch. v; F. J. Goodnow, 
Comparative Administrative Law, I, 53-82, 102-105, 127- 
138, 146-161; II, 29-46; H. Von Hoist, Constitutional Law, 
§§ 25, 26, 55, 59, 60; L. J. Jennings, Eighty Years of Repub- 
lican Government, chs. iii, iv; E. C. Mason, Veto Power; J. 
R. Tucker, Constitution of the U. S., II, ch. xii; W. Wilson, 
The State, §§ 1323-1351. 

Sources. — B. Harrison, This Country of Ours, chs. iv- 
xix; J. D. Richardson, Messages and Papers; Grover Cleve- 
land, Presidential Problems. 

§ 110. Lectures on the National Executive. (Lects. 41-45.) 
Lect. 41. (1789-1907) Historical Status of the Presi- 
dency: precedents; Virginian dynasty; J. Q. Adams; 
Jackson; Whig-Democratic; Lincoln; Grant; Repub- 
lican-Democrat; Cleveland; McKinley; Roosevelt. 
Bibliography: Actual Government, § 120; Guide, § 157; 
E. McClain, Constitutional Law, § 119. — Secondary Read- 
ings: Actual Government, § 121; A. B. Hart, National Ideals 
{Am. Nation, XXVI), ch. xiv; J. A. Fairlie, National Ad- 
ministration, chs. i, ii; E. McClain, Constitutional Law, 
§120. — Additional Readings: J. A. Woodburn, Am. 



190 LECTURES AND READINGS [§ 110 

Republic, ch. iii; C. E. Stevens, Sources of the Constitution, 
ch. vi; J. Bryce, Am. Commonwealth, 1, chs. v-vii; H. J. 
Ford, Am. Politics, ch. xxii; A. L. Lowell, Essays on Govern- 
ment, No. 2; E. Stanwood, Hist, of Presidency. — Sources: 
Contemporaries, III, §§ 79, 106, 162. 

Lect. 42. Choice of the President: nomination; choice 
of electors; by electors; by Congress; count; succession. 
Bibliography: Actual Government, § 120; Brookings and 
Ringwalt, Briefs for Debate, No. 12. — Secondary Read- 
ings: Actual Government, § 122; E. McClain, Constitutional 
Law, § 40; J. Bryce, Am. Commonwealth, I, ch. viii; A. B. 
Hart, Practical Essays, No. 3; R. L. Ashley, Am. Federal 
State, §§326-340; J. H. Finley, The Am. Executive.— 
Additional Readings: W. W. Willoughby, Am. Citizen- 
ship, part ii, ch. vii; J. H. Dougherty, Electoral System; 
E. Stanwood, Hist, of the Presidency. 

Lect. 43. The Cabinet: precedents; departments; meet- 
ings; kitchen cabinets; relations to President; relations 
to Congress. 

Bibliography: Manual, § 212; Actual Government, § 128; 
Brookings and Ringwalt, Briefs for Debate, Nos. 15, 16. — 
Secondary Readings: Actual Government, §§ 129, 130; 
J. A. Fairlie, National Administration, chs. iv-xvi; J. Bryce, 
Am. Commonwealth, I, ch. ix; J. F. Jameson, Essays in 
■Constitutional Hist., No. 3; E. McClain, Constitutional Law, 
§38; J. H. Finley, The Am. Executive. — Additional 
Readings: A. L. Lowell, Essays on Government, No. 1; W. 
W. Willoughby, Am. Citizenship, part ii, ch. viii; R. L. 
Ashley, Am. Federal State, ch. xv. 

[Class-room Paper No. 14. — Development of the 
Cabinet. — Manual, § 212.] 

Lect. 44. Executive Organization: civil service; 
appointments; removals; responsibility; employees; 
administrative tribunals. 



§ 111] GOVERNMENT 191 

Bibliography: Manual, § 213; Actual Govermnenf, § 128; 
E. McClain, Constitutional Law, § 121. — Secondary Read- 
ings: Actual Government, § 134; J. A. Fairlie, National 
Administration, ch. xvii; E. McClain, Constitutional Law, 
ch. xx; R. L. Ashley, Am. Federal State, §§ 341-345; J. H. 
Finley, The Am. Executive. — Additional Readings: C. R. 
Fish, Civil Service and Patronage; L. M. Salmon, Appoint- 
ing Power; H. C. Lodge, Hist and Pol. Essays, 114-137. — 
Sources: U. S. Civil Service Commission, Reports. 

Lect. 45. Civil Service Reform: history; statutes; 
states; cities; commissions; rules; present status. 

Bibliography: Manual, § 213; Actual Government, § 128; 
Guide, § 181; Brookings and Ringwalt, Briefs for Debate, 
No. 17. — Secondary Readings: Actual Government, § 133; 
E. E. Sparks, National Development {Am. Nation, XXIII), 
ch. xii; D. R. Dewey, National Problems (Am. Nation, 
XXIV), ch. ii; J. A. Fairlie, National Administration, ch. 
xvii. — Additional Readings: T. Roosevelt, Am. Ideals, 
No. 7; A. B. Hart, Practical Essays, No. 4; C. R. Fish, 
Civil Service and Patronage, chs. x, xi. — ■ Sources: Con- 
temporaries, III, §§ 81, 158; IV, § 199; Act of 1883, Statutes 
at Large, XXII, 403. 

[Class-room Paper No. 15. — Needs of Civil Service 
Reform. — Manual, § 213.] 

§ 111. Readings on Congress. 

Bibliography. — Actual Government, §§102, 110; E. 
McClain Constitutional Law, §§ 99, 116. 

Secondary Readings. — Actual Government, chs. xiii, xiv; 
P. S. Reinsch, Legislatures, chs. i-iii; M. P. Follett, Speaker 
of the House of Representatives; E. McClain, Constitutional 
Law, chs. viii-xviii; J. Bryce, Am. Commonwealth, I, chs. 
x-xxi; J. A. Woodburn, Am. Republic, chs. iv, v; B. A. 
Hinsdale, Am. Government, chs. xvi-xxv; G. S. Boutwell, 



192 LECTURES AND READINGS [§ 111 

Constitution, ch. vi; T. M. Cooley, Constitutional Law, chs. 
iii, iv, §§ 15, 16. 

Additional Readings: H. J. Ford, Am. Politics, chs. 
xviii-xxi; J. R. Tucker, Constitution of the U. S., I, 381-445; 
W. Wilson, Congressional Government; H. Von Hoist, Con- 
stitutional Law, §§ 20-24, 28-34; C. H. Kerr, U. S. Senate; 
A. Johnston, Political History (Woodburn ed.), I, ch. vii; 
W. E. H. Lecky, Democracy and Liberty, I, 137-167. 

Sources. — B. Harrison, This Country of Ours, chs. ii^ 
iii; T. H. McKee, Manual of Congressional Practice; Con- 
gressional Record; Senate Documents and House Documents. 

§ 112. Lectures on Congress. (Lects. 46-53.) 

Lect. 46. Members of Congress: qualifications; choice; 
term; character; discipline; emoluments; dignity. 
Bibliography: Actual Government, §102. — Secondary 
Readings: Actual Government, §§ 103, 106; P. S. Reinsch, 
Legislatures, ch. i; E. McCUain, Constitutional Law, § 33; 
J. A. Woodburn, Am. Republic, chs. iv, v; W. W. Willoughby, 
Am. Citizenship, part ii, ch. iv; G. S. Boutwell, Constitu- 
tion, ch. vi; G. H. Haynes, Election of Senators. 

Lect. 47. Houses of Congress: Senate; treaties; con- 
firmations; procedure; House of Representatives; qual- 
ity; continuity; life in Congress; joint relations. 
Bibliography: Actual Government, § 102; E. McClain, 
Constitutional Law, § 31; R. C. Ringwalt, Briefs on Public 
Questions, No. 9. — Secondary Readings: Actual Govern- 
ment, §§ 104, 105; P. S. Reinsch, Legislatures, chs. ii, iii; 
E. McClain, Constitutional Law, § 32; J. Bryce, Am. Com- 
monwealth, I, chs. x-xiv; C. H. Kerr, U. S. Senate; J. A. 
Fairlie, National Administration, ch. iii. — Additional 
Readings: R. L. Ashley, Am. Federal State, chs. xi, xii; 
H. J. Ford, Am. Politics, chs. xix-xxi. 



§ 112] GOVERNMENT 193 

Lect. 48. Officers of Congress: Speaker; Vice-Presi- 
dent; other officers. 

Bibliography: Actual Government, § 102; E. McClain, 
Constitutional Law, §31. — Secondary Readings: Actual 
Government, § 108; P. S. Reinsch, Legislatures, ch. ii; E. 
McClain, Constitutional Laiv, § 34; M. P. FoUett, The 
Speaker, chs. ii, iii, x, xi; A. B. Hart, Practical Essays, No. 
1; R. L. Ashley, Am. Federal State, §§ 269, 285, 286. 

Lect. 49. Committee System: genesis; organization; 
labors; reports; conference; rules; steering. 
Bibliography Manual, §214; Actunl Government, § 102. 

— Secondary Readings: Actual Government, § 109; P. S. 
Reinsch, Legislatures, 45-48; M. P. Follett, The Speaker, ch. 
viii; J. Bryce, Am. Commonwealth, chs. xiv, xv, — Addi- 
tional Readings: R. L. Ashley, Am. Federal State, §§ 270, 
284, 287, 288; J. A. Smith, Spirit of Am.. Government, ch. 
vii; W. Wilson, Congressional Government, chs. ii, iii; L. G. 
McConachie, Congressional Committees; F. Snow, Defence 
of Congressional Government (Am. Hist. Assoc, Papers, IV, 
309-328). 

[Class-room Paper No. 16. — Defects of the Com- 
mittee System. — Manual, § 214.] 

Lect. 50. Influences on Congress: constituents; the 
executive; the press; private interest; public opinion; 
steering committee. 
Bibliography: Manual, §215; Actual Government, § 110. 

— Secondary Readings: Actual Government, § 115; E. 
McClain, Constitutional Law, §§ 20, 24, 29, 30, 36, 128; E. 
C. Mason, Congressional Demands for Information (Am. Hist. 
Assoc, Papers, V, 367). 

[Class-room Paper No. 17. — Influences on the 
Legislation of Congress. — Manual, § 215,] 



194 LECTURES AND READINGS [§ 112 

Lect. 51. Congress at Work: sessions; rules; sittings; 
secrecy; order; parliamentary practice; obstructions. 
Bibliography: Manual, § 215; Actual Government, § 110; 
E. McClain, Constitutional Law, § 44; Brookings and Ring- 
wait, Briefs for Debate, Nos. 32, 33. — Secondary Read- 
ings: Actual Government, §§ 111-113; P. S. Reinsch, Legis- 
latures, 19, 48-59, 71-78; E. McClain, Constitutional Law, 
§§ 45, 46; J. Bryce, Am. Com7nonwealth, I, chs. xvi-xix, 
App., 673-681; T. B. Reed, How the House does Business 
(North Am. Review, Vol. 164, pp. 641-650, June, 1897).— 
Additional Readings: H. C. Lodge, Hist, and Pol. Essays, 
169-197; A. B. Hart, Practical Essays, No. 9; M. P. Follett, 
The Speaker, chs. iv-vi; F. A. Cleveland, Growth of Democ- 
racy, ch. xiii. 

Lect. 52. Procedure of Congress: bills; committee re- 
ports; debates; votes; filibustering. 
Bibliography: Manual, § 215; Actual Government, § 110. 

— Secondary Readings: Actual Government, §§114, 116, 
117; E. McClain, Constitutional Law, U 34, 35; A. B. Hart, 
Practical Essays, No. 9; M. P. Follett, The Speaker, chs. 
vii-ix; P. S. Reinsch, Legislatures, 19, 71-78. — Sources: 
B. P. Poore, Perley's Reminiscences; J. H. McKee, Red 
Book; Senate Rules; House Rules. 

Lect. 53. Legislative Output of Congress: selection; 
amount; relation to executive; the veto. 
Bibliography: Manual, § 215; Actual Government, § 110. 

— Secondary Readings: Actual Government, §§118, 119; 
E. McClain, Constitutional Law, §§ 126, 127; J. Bryce, Am. 
Commonwealth, I, chs. xv, xx, xxi; E. C. Mason, Veto Power. 

§ 113. Readings on the National Judiciary. 

Bibliography. — ManwaZ, §§144, 161, 216, 217, Actual 
Government, § 135; E. McClain, Constitutional Law, § 42; 
Guide, §§ 157, 175, 202. 



§ 114] GOVERNMENT 195 

Secondary Readings. — Actual Government, ch. xvii; E. 
McClain, Constitutional Law, chs. vii, xxiv-xxix; J. Bryce, 
Am. Commonwealth, I, chs. xxii-xxiv; S. E. Baldwin, Am. 
Judiciary; G. S. Boutwell, Constitution, chs. xv, xxxvi-xlii; 
J. A. Woodburn, Am. Republic, ch. xxvi; B. A. Hinsdale, 
Am. Government, chs. xxxiv-xxxix. 

Additional Readings. — J. W. Burgess, Political Science, 
II, 320-337; W. W. Willoughby, The Supreme Court; H. L. 
Carson, The Supreme Court; H. Flanders, Lives of the Chief 
Justices; G. Van Stanvoord, Life and Times of the Chief 
Justices; H. Von Hoist, Constitutional Law, §§ 17-19, 43-46, 
61-71; J. S. Landon, Constitutional Hist., chs. xiii-xvi; J. 
B. Thayer, John Marshall; J. R. Tucker, Constitution of the 
U. S., I, chs. xiii; T. M. Cooley, Constitutional Law, ch. vi. 

Sources. — B. Harrison, This Country of Ours, chs. xx, 
xxi; Reports of judicial decisions; (see Manual, § 18). 

§ 114. Lectures on the National Judiciary. (Lects. 54-57.) 
Lect. 54. Federal Judicial Organization: choice of 
judges; emoluments; courts; court officers; prosecuting 
attorney; sessions. 

Bibliography: Actual Government, § 135; E. McClain, 
Constitutional Law, § 42. — Secondary Readings: Actual 
Government, § 136; S. E. Baldwin, Am. Judiciary, chs. i, 
ii, ix; E. McClain, Constitutional Law, §§43, 138, 142, 143; 
J. Bryce, Am. Commonwealth, I, ch. xxii. — Additional 
Readings: J. A. Woodburn, Am. Republic, ch. vi; J. A. 
Smith, Spirit of Am. Government, ch. v; R. L. Ashley, Am. 
Federal State, ch. xvi; W. W. Willoughby, Am. Citizenship, 
part ii, ch. ix; J. F. Jameson, Essays in Constitutional Hist., 
No. 1. — Sources: Attorneys General, Reports. 
Lect. 55. Federal Judicial Functions: special duties; 
cases; writs; special jurisdictions; amount of business. 

Bibliography: Manual, § 216; Actual Government, § 135; 
E. McClain, Constitutional Law, § 144. — Secondary Read- 



196 LECTURES AND READINGS [§ 114 

iNGs: Actual Government, §§ 137, 138, 140-142; E. McClain, 
Constitutional Law, chs. xxvi-xxviii; S. E. Baldwin, Am. 
Judiciary, chs. xviii-xxi. — Additional Readings: W. W. 
Willoughby, Constitutional System, ch. v; J. Biyce, Am. 
Commonwealth, 1, ch. xxiv; T. M. Cooley, Constitutional Law, 
ch. vi. 

Lect. 56. Political Functions of the Federal Courts: 
personal influences; impeachments; relation to the 
states; constitutional law; administrative jurisdiction. 

Bibliography: Manual, §§ 143, 144, 161, 216; Actual 
Government, §135; Guide, §175. — Secondary Readings: 
Actual Government, §§ 139, 143, 144; S. E. Baldwin, Am. 
Judiciary, chs. iii, vi, x; E. McClain, Constitutional Law, 
§§ 168-171; J. Bryce, Am. Commonwealth, I, chs. xxiii, 
xxiv; W. W. Willoughby, Constitutional System, chs. vi- 
viii; R. Foster, Constitutional Law. 

[Class-room Paper No. 18. — Administrative Deci- 
sions. — Manual, § 216.] 

Lect. 57. Declaring Statutes Void: genesis; principles; 
instances; national courts on state laws; state courts on 
national laws; national courts on national laws. 

Bibliography: Manual, §§ 143, 144, 161, 217; Actual 
Government, § 135. — Secondary Readings: Actual Govern- 
ment, § 145; K. C. Babcock, Rise of Am. Nationality {Am. 
Nation, XIII), ch. xvin; S. E. Baldwin, Am. Judiciary, 
ch. vii; E. McClain, Constitutional Law, §§ 170, 171; J. 
Bryce, Am. Commonwealth, I, ch. xxxiii. — Additional 
Readings: T. M. Cooley, Constitutional Limtiations, ch. vii; 
B. Coxe Judicial Power and Unconstitutional Legislation. 

[Class-room Paper No. 19. — Principles of Declar- 
ing Acts Void. — Manual, § 217.] 

§ 115. Readings on Territorial Functions in the United States. 
Bibliography: Actual Government, §§146, 155, 160. — 



§ 116] GOVERNMENT 197 

Secondary Readings: Actual Government, chs. xviii-xx; 

A. B. Hart, National Ideals (A/n. Nation, XXVI), ch. ii; 
J. A. Woodburn, Am. Republic, ch. vi; W. W. Willoughby, 
Constitutional System, chs. xi-xiv; W. F. Willoughby, Terri- 
tories and Dependencies; A. B. Hart, Foundations, §§ 42-67; 

B. A. Hmsclale, Am. Government, chs. xxv, xli; G. S. Bout- 
well, Constitution, chs. xix, xlvii, xlviii. 

Additional Readings. — F. H. Giddings, Democracy 
and Empire, chs. i, xvii, xviii; E. C. Mason, Veto Power, 
§§45-51; J. Strong, Expansion under New Woiid Condi- 
tions; J. J. Lalor, Cyclopaedia of Political Science, Articles on 
Annexation, Capital (National), Ordinance of 1787, Popu- 
lar Sovereignty, Territorial Waters, Territories. 

Maps. — A. B. Hart, Epoch Maps; T. MacCoun, Histori- 
cal Atlas; Maps in Am. Nation, A History, passim. 

§ 116. Lectures on Territorial Functions in the United States. 
(Lects. 58-62.) 

Lect. 58. Acquirement of Territory: private land; 
colonial lands; state cessions; annexations; status of 
occupied territory; previous land grants. 

Bibliography: Manual, § 194; Actual Government, § 146; 
E. McClain, Constitutional Law, § 148; Guide §§ 150, 168, 
193, 194. — Secondary Readings: Actual Government, ch. 
xviii; A. B. Hart, Foundations, ch. vi; W. MacDonald, 
Jacksonian Democracy (Am. Nation, XV), ch. i; E. McClain, 
Constitutional Law, ch. xxxii; W. W. Willoughby, Constitu- 
tional System, ch. xi. — Additional Readings: W. F. 
Willoughby, Territories and Dependencies, ch. i; A. B. 
Hart, National Ideals {Am. Nation, XXVI), ch. ii; J. A. 
Woodburn, Am. Republic, ch. vi; T. Roosevelt, Winning 
of the West, VI, chs. iv, v. — Sources: Treaties in U. S. 
Treaties and Conventions, see Manual, §§ 43, 44, 52-54. 

[Class-room Paper No. 20a. — Status of Territory 
Conquered but not Ceded. — Manual, § 218.1 



198 LECTURES AND READINGS [§ 116 

Lect. 59. Boundaries: external; controversies; adjust- 
ments; water boundaries; internal divisions; settlement 
of controversies. 
Bibliography: Manual, § 218; Actual Govei-nment, § 155. 
— Secondary Readings: Actual Government, ch. xix; E. 
McClain, Constitutional Law, § 180; H. Gannett, Boundaries 
of the U. S. and of the Several States; B. A. Hinsdale, Bound- 
ing the Original U. S.; F. J. Turner, Western State Making 
(Am. Hist. Review, I, 70, 251); G. H. Alden, Neiv Govern- 
ments West of the Alleghenies. — Sources: Contemporaries, 
III, §§ 111, 112, 115; Maps in A. B. Hart, Epoch Maps and 
Am. Nation. 

Lect. 60. Status of Territories: conquests; unorgan- 
ized; temporarily organized; fully organized; unusual 
forms; dependencies; protectorates. 

Bibliography: Manual, §§ 173, 178, 185, 194, 218, 219; 
Actual Government, § 160; Guide, §§ 150, 168, 194; R. C. 
Ringwalt, Briefs on Public Questions, No. 10. — Secondary 
Readings: Actual Government, §§ 161, 166-170; E. McClain, 
Constitutional Law, § 186; W. F: Willoughby, Territories 
and Dependencies, chs. ii-ix; J. Bryce, Am. Covimonwealth, 
I, ch. xlvii. — Additional Readings: A. B. Hart, Founda- 
tions, ch. v; W. W. Willoughby, Constitutional System, chs. 
xiii, xiv; S. E. Baldwin, Am. Judiciary, ch. xxi; M. Farrand, 
Legislation for the Government of Territories; G. C. Lewis, 
Government of Dependencies (Lucas' ed.). Introduction. — 
Sources: Am. Hist Leaflets, Nos. 22, 32. 

[Class-room Paper No. 20b. — Status of Territory 
Ceded but not Organized. — Manual, § 219.] 

Lect. 61. National Public Domain: seat of govern- 
ment; public lands; parks; forests; military reserva- 
tions; sites; public works; public buildings; irrigation. 
Bibliography: Actual Government, § 160; Brookings and 

Ringwalt, Briefs for Debate, No. 55. — Secondary Read- 



§ 117] GOVERNMENT 199 

iNGs: Actual Government, §§ 152, 153, 162-164; W. F. 
Willoughby, Territories and Dependencies, ch. x; E. McClain, 
Constitutional Law, § 106; A. B. Hart, Practical Essays, 
No. 10. — Additional Readings: S. Sato, History of the 
Land Question; J. B. Varnum, Seat of Government; G. W. 
Knight, Land Grants for Education (Am. Hist. Assoc, 
Papers, I, 79-294); J. C. Welling, States' -Rights Conflict 
(Ibid, III, 411-432). — Sources: Commissioner of Public 
Lands, Reports; J. Donaldson, Public Domain. 

Lect. 62. State and Local Public Domain: eminent 

domain; roads and streets; forests; public buildings; 

school lands; parks; sites. 

Bibliography: Actual Government, § 146; E. McClain, 

Constitutional Law, §60. — Secondary Readings: Actual 

Government, §§ 150, 151; E. McClain, Constitutional Law, 

ch. xi; J. Lewis, Treatise on the Law of Eminent Domain; 

T. M. Cooley, Constitutional Limitations, ch. xv. — Sources: 

Current Reports of local park commissioners. 

§ 117. Readings on Financial Functions in the United States. 

Bibliography. — M(m(/a/, §§ 138, 148, 220, 221; Actual 
Government, §§171, 180; E. McClain, Constitutional Law, 
§§ 68, 80; Guide, §§151, 158, 174, 182-185, 195, 211. 

Secondary Readings. — Actual Government, chs. xxi, 
xxii; A. B. Hart, National Ideals (Am. Nation, XXVI), ch. 
XV ; D. R. Dewey, Financial Hist, of the U. S.; E. McClain, 
Constitutional Law, chs. xii, xiii; H. White, Money and 
Banking; J. Bryce, Am,. Commonwealth, I, chs. xvii, xliii; 
T. M. Cooley, Constitutional Law, ch. iv, § 1; W. M. Daniels, 
Public Finance; C. J. Bullock, Monetary Hist, of U. S.; 
H. C. Adams, Science of Finance; G. S. Boutwell, Constitu- 
tion, chs. vii, viii, xxiv, xxv, xxix, xxxi. 

Additional Readings. — R. T. Ely, Taxation in Am. 
States and Cities; J. I. C. Hare, Constitutional Law, I, lects. 
15-17; H. Von Hoist, Constitutional Law, §§35-37, 96; 



200 LECTURES AND READINGS [§ 117 

E. C. Mason, Veto Power, §§ 18-20, 35, 52-81; J. W. Kear- 
ney, Am. Finances; A. D. Noyes, Thirty Years of Am. 
Finance; J. R. Tucker, Constitution, I, 455-518. 

Sources. — Current Reports of the Secretary of Treasury, 
state treasurers, etc. 

§ 118. Lectures on Financial Functions in the United States. 
(Lects. 63-68.) 

Lect. 63. Sources of State and Local Revenue: land; 
poll; personal; income; succession; license; corporation; 
excise; fees. 

Bibliography: Actual Government, § 171; R. C. Ring- 
wait, Briefs on Public Questions, No. 23; Brookings and 
Ringwalt, Briefs for Debate, Nos. 45, 46. — Secondary 
Readings: Actual Government, §§ 172-174; D. R. Dewey, 
Financial Hist., §§ 45-47; E. McClain, Constitutional Law, 
§§ 69-75; R. L. Ashley, Am. Federal State, § 587; E. R. A. 
Seligman, Essays in Taxation. — Additional Readings: 
W. H. Jones, Federal Taxes and State Expenses; T. K. 
Urdahl, Fee System in the U. S.; M. West, Inheritance Tax; 
R. T. Ely, Taxation in Am. States 'and Cities; T. M. Cooley, 
Constitutional Limitations, ch. xiv. — Sources: Current 
Reports of Financial affairs of States and cities; U. S., 
twelfth census; U. S. Statistical Abstract. 

Lect. 64. Apportionment of Taxes: administration; 
assessment; levy; collection; delinquencies; overlay. 
Bibliography: Manual, § 220; Actual Government, § 171. 
— Secondary Readings: Actual Government, §175; E. 
McClain, Constitutional Law, § 76; E. R. A. Seligman, Eco- 
nomics, § 115; R. L. Ashley, Am. Federal State, §§ 588-592; 
T. M. Cooley, Law of Taxation. — Additional Readings: 
E. R. A. Seligman, Essays in Taxation; V. Rosewater, 
Special Assessments; F. Walker, Double Taxation; J. F. 
Dillon, Municipal Corporations, II, ch. xix; T. M. Cooley, 
Constitutional Limitations, ch. xiv. 



§ 118] GOVERNMENT 201 

[Class-koom Paper No. 21. — Difficulties in Asses- 
sing Personal Taxes. — Manual, § 220.] 

Lect. 65. Federal Tariff: framing; rates; values; penal- 
ties; officers; administration; defects. 

Bibliography: Manual, § 221; Actual Government, § 171; 
Guide, §§ 158, 174, 183; E. R. A. Seligman, Economics, 
§ 199; R. C. Ringwalt, Briefs on Public Questions, Nos. 12- 
14; Brookings and Ringwalt, Briefs for Debate, Nos. 37-44. 
— Secondary Readings: Actual Government, §§ 176, 177; 
E. E. Sparks, National Development (Am. Nation, XXIII), 
ch. xvii; D. R. Dewey, National Problems (Am. Nation, 
XXIV), chs. iv, xi; E. R. A. Seligman, Economics, ch. xxx; 
E. McClain, Constitutional Law, § 77; F. W. Taussig; Tariff 
Hist.; D. R. Dewey, Financial Hist., chs. viii, xix-xxi. — 
Additional Readings: 0. L. Elliott, Tariff Controversy; 
J. D. Goss, Tariff Administration; W. Hill, First Stages of 
the Tariff Policy; M. E. Kelley, Tariff Acts under the Con- 
federation {Quarterly Journal of Economics, II, 473-481). — 
Sources: Contemporaries, III, §§ 49, 50, 78, 130; IV, §§ 164, 
166; U. S. Statutes at Large; Reports of Secretary" of the 
Treasury. 

[Class-room Paper No. 22. — Difficulties of Tariff 
Administration. — Manual, § 221.] 

Lect. 66. Other Federal Taxes: direct; excise; other 
internal revenue; banks; income; succession; adminis- 
tration. 

Bibliography: Actual Government, §171. — Secondary 
Readings: Actual Government, § 178; E. R. A. Seligman, 
Essays in Taxation; E. McClain, Constitutional Law, §§ 78, 
79; R. L. Ashley, Am. Federal State, §§581-585; F. C. 
Howe, Taxation in the U. S. under the Internal Revenue 
System. — Additional Readings: C. F. Dunbar, Direct 
Tax, Income Tax (Quarterly Journal of Economics, III, 436- 
461; IX, 26-46); J. A. Hill, Civil War Income Tax (Ibid., 



202 LECTURES AND READINGS [§ US 

VIII, 416-452, 491-498); F. L. Olmsted, Tobacco Tax, 
{Ibid., V, 193-219, 262); C. J. Bullock, Direct Taxes under 
the Constitution {Pol. Sci. Quarterly, XV, 217-239, 452-481); 
H. C. Barnard, Oleomargarine Law {Ibid, II, 545). 

Lect. 67. Budgets: estimates; appropriations; expendi- 
tures; checks; deficits; public accounts; custody of 
balances. 

Bibliography: Actual Government, §180. — Secondary 
Readings: Actual Government, §§ 181-183; E. McClain, 
Constitutional Law, §§81, 82; R. L. Ashley, Am. Federal 
State, § 577; C. J. Bullock, Finances of the U. S., part ii, 
chs. ii, iii; F. J. Goodnow, Comparative Administrative Law, 
II, 275-295; J. A. Fairlie, Municipal Administration, chs. 
xiii, XV, xvi. — Additional Readings: D. Kinley, Inde- 
pendent Treasury; H. C. Adams, Science of Finance, part i, 
book ii; H. Hollander, Studies in State Taxation {Johns 
Hopkins University Studies, XVIII, Nos. 1-4); R. Ogden, 
Rationale of Congressional Extravagance {Yale Review, VI, 
37-49); E. I. Renick and N. H. Thompson, National Ex- 
penditures {Pol, Sci. Quarterly, VI, 248; VII, 468). 

Lect. 68. Public debts: state; local; national; bonds; 
floating debt; sinking funds; debt limits. 
Bibliography: Actual Government, §180. — Secondary 
Readings: Actual Government, §§ 184-186; D. R. Dewey, 
Financial Hist., ch. xiv; J. A. Fairlie, Municipal Adminis- 
tration, ch. xiv; H. C. Adams, Public Debts; W. A. Scott, 
Repudiation of State Debts. 

§ 119. Readings on Commercial Fmictions in the United States. 

Bibliography. — i/awwai, §§138, 143, 161, 169, 172, 
179, 180, 181, 185, 224, 225; Actuul Government, §§207, 
218; Guide, §§133, 153, 158, 170, 171, 195; E. McClain, 

Constitutional Law, §§ 83, 94. 



§ 120] GOVERNMENT 203 

Secondary Readings. — Actual Government, chs. xxvi, 
xxvii; A. B. Hart, National Ideals {Am. Nation, XXVI), 
chs. xiii, xvi; E. McClain, Constitutional Law, chs. xiv, xv; 
G. S. Boutwell, Constitution, chs. ix, xi-xiv, xxi, xxvi, 
xxviii; T. M. Cooley, Constitutional Law, ch. iv, §§2, 4-10; 
J. I. C. Hare, Constitutional Law, I, lects. 21-23. 

Additional Readings. — C. A. Conant, U. S. in the 
Orient; H. Von Hoist, Constitutional Law, §§ 38-42, 79; 
A. Johnston, Political Hist. (Woodburn ed.), ch. xvii; W. 

D. Lewis, Federal Power over Commerce; J. J. Lalor, Cyclo- 
po'dia of Pol. Science, articles on Corporations (Law of), 
Embargo (U. S.), Emigration and Immigration, Internal 
Improvements. 

Sources. — U. S. Census, decennial publications and 
Bulletins; Industrial Commission on Transportation, Report. 

§ 120. Lectures on Commercial Fmictions. (Lects. 69-78.) 
Lect. 69. Commercial Organization: individuals; co- 
operation; firms; corporations; trusts; syndicates; inter- 
national agencies; Wall street; doctrine of contracts; 
bankruptcy; commercial honor. 

Bibliography: Manunl, § 222; Actual Government, § 207; 

E. McClain, Constitutional Law, §94; C. D.Wright, Prac- 
tical Sociology, § 213; R. C. Ringwalt, Briefs on Public 
Questions, No. 16; Brookings and Ringwalt, Briefs for 
Debate, passim. — Secondary Readings: Actual Govern- 
ment, §§208, 209, 212; A. B. Hart, National Ideals (Am. 
Nation, XXVI), ch. xiii; D. R. Dewey, National Problems 
{Am. Nation, XXIV), ch. xii; J. Bryce, Am. Common- 
wealth, II, ch. civ; E. R. A. Seligman, Economics, ch. vii. — 
Additional Readings: E. McClain, Constitutional Law, 
ch. xv; C. D. Wright, Practical Sociology, ch. xxiv; W. J. 
Ashley, Economic Surveys, 378-393; R. L. Ashley, Am. 
Federal State, §§615-618; F. H. Giddings, Democracy and 
Empire, ch. vii; H. C. Emery, Speculation on the Stock 



204 LECTURES AND READINGS [§ 120 

and Produce Exchanges; J. B. Clark, Control of Trusts; C. F. 
Adams in N. S. Shaler, United States, II, ch. iv; J. W. Jenks, 
Trust Problem; H. D. Lloyd, Wealth against Common- 
wealth; W. M. Collier, The Trusts; G. K. Holmes, State 
Control of Corporations (Pol. Sci. Quarterly, V, 411). — 
Sources: Contemporaries, IV, §§ 162-167. 

[Class-room Paper No. 23. — Federal Control of 
Corporations. — Manual, § 222.] 

Lect. 70. Circulating Media: coinage; small change; 

paper currency; legal tenders; commercial paper; bank 

deposits; securities. 
Bibliography: Actual Government, § 207; E. R. A. Selig- 
man. Economics, § 186; R. C. Ringwalt, Briefs on Public 
Questions, No. 17; Brookings and Ringwalt, Briefs for 
Debate, Nos. 34, 35. — Secondary Readings: Actual 
Government, %% 212), 214; E. R. A. Seligman, Economics, 
ch. xxviii; D. R. Dewey, Financial Hist., chs. xv, xvii, xx; 
R. L. Ashley, Am. Federal State, ch. xxvi; C. J. Bullock, 
Monetary History, 79-124. — Additional Readings: W. 
G. Sumner, Am. Currency; J. J. Knox, U. S. Notes; H. 
White, Money and Banking; D. K. Watson, Hist, of Am. 
Coinage. — Sources: Contemporaries, IV, 5 § 168-172; Sec- 
retary of Treasury current Reports; Register of Treasury, 
current Reports. 

Lect. 71. Banks: private; state chartered; savings banks; 

state owned; national; cooperative; trust companies; 

syndicates; international relations; deposits; discounts; 

loans on collateral; circulating notes; clearing house. 
Bibliography: Manual, § 138; Actual Government, § 207; 
Guide, § 159; Brookings and Ringwalt, Briefs for Debate, 
No. 36. — Secondary Readings: Actual Government, § 210; 
E. R. A. Seligman, Economics, § 196; D. R. Dewey, 
Financial Hist., §§ 163-165, 174, 175; H. White, Money 
and Banking; J. J. Knox, History of Banking. — Addi- 



§ 120] GOVERNMENT 205 

TioNAL Readings: C. A. Conant, Hist, of Modern Banks of 
Issue, chs. xiii-xv; W. G. Sumner, Hist, of Banking in 
U. S.; F. A. Walker, Political Economy (3d ed.), 433-462; 
C. F. Dunbar, National Banking System {Quarterly Journal 
of Economics, XII, 1-26). — Sources: Contemporaries, III, 
§ 132; Comptroller of the Currency, current Reports. 

Lect. 72. Land Transportation: roads; railroads; state 
owned railroads; intramural; express; state regulation; 
state commissions; Interstate Commerce Commission; 
interstate products. 
Bibliography: Actual Government, § 218; Guide, §§ 174, 
175; E. R. A. Seligman, Economics, § 206; R. C. Ringwalt, 
Briefs on Public Questions, No. 19; Brookings and Ringwalt, 
Briefs for Debate, Nos. 47, 52. — Secondary Readings: 
Actual Government, §§ 219, 225; A. B. Hart, National 
Ideals (A7n. Nation, XXVI), ch. xvi; D. R. Dewey, Na- 
tional Problems (Am. Nation, XXIV), ch. vi; E. R. John- 
son, Am. Railway Transportation, chs. xxv-xxix; E. R. A. 
Seligman, Economics, ch. xxxiii. — Additional Readings: 
E. McClain, C onstitutiorud Law, §§87-91; R. L. Ashley, 
Am. Federal State, §§ 611-614; F. H. Giddings, Democracy 
and Empire, ch. viii; J. Bryce, Am. Commonwealth, II, ch. 
ciii; F. H. Dixon, State Railroad Control; B. H. Meyer, 
Railway Legislation in U. S.; F. Parsons, Railways, Trusts 
and People; H. S. Haines, Restrictive Railway Legislation; 
E. W. Bemis, Municipal Monopolies, ch. vii. A. B. Hulbert, 
Historic Highways. — Sources: Interstate Commerce Com- 
mission, Reports; Industrial Commission, Report, IV, 1-32; 
IX; Poor's Railroad Mamml (annual). 

Lect. 73. Water Transportation: harbors; rivers; 

canals; external navigation; government regulation. 

Bibliography: Manual, § 223; Actual Government, § 218. 

— Secondary Readings: Actual Government, §223; A. B. 

Hart, National Ideals (Am. Nation, XXVI), ch. xvi; E. E. 



206 LECTURES AND READINGS [§ 120 

Sparks, National Development (Am. Nation, XXIII), ch. 
xiii; J. H. Latane, America as a World Power (Am. Nation, 
XXV), ch. xii; W. F. Johnson, Four Centuries of the Canal. 

— Sources: Am. History Leaflets, No. 34; Commissioner of 
Navigation, cm'rent Reports. 

[Class-room Paper No. 24. — Public Canals. — Man- 
ual, § 223.] 

Lect. 74. Public Encouragement of Transportation: 
subscriptions; internal improvements; contracts; boun- 
ties; subsidies; public ownership. 
Bibliography: Manual, § 224; Actual Government, § 218; 
Guide, §§ 167, 174, 179, 185, 195; E. R. A. Seligman, Eco- 
nomics, § 220; R. C. Ringwalt, Briefs on Public Questions, 
No. 15; Brookings and Ringwalt, Briefs for Debate, Nos. 40, 
41. — ^ Secondary Readings: Actual Government, §§224, 
226; E. R. A. Seligman, Economics, ch. xxxiii; E. R. John- 
son, Am. Railway Transportation, ch. xxii; A. B. Hart, 
Practical Essays, No. 10. — Additional Readings: J. D. 
J. Kelley, Question of Ships; J. S. Young, Cumberland Road. 

— Sources: Contemporaries, III, §§ 131, 165-168; Chief of 
Engineers, Current Reports. 

[Class-room Paper No. 25. — City Ownership of 
Traction Lines. — Manual, § 224.] 

Lect. 75. Transmission of Intelligence: post ofhce; 

telegraph; wireless telegraph; telephone; press news; 

stock tickers; international relations. 
Bibliography: Actual Government, § 218; R. C. Ringwalt, 
Briefs on Public Questions, No. 20. — Secondary Readings: 
Actual Government, § 220; E. McClain, Constitutional Law, 
§104; J. A. Fairlie, National Administration, ch. xii, — 
Additional Readings: F. Parsons, The Telegraph Monop- 
oly; E. B. Vedder, Government Telegraph. — Sources: 
Postmaster General, Current Reports; Industrial Commis- 
sion, Report. 



§ 120] GOVERNMENT 207 

Lect. 76. Movement of Persons: inspection; accomo- 
dations; races; race discriminations; diseased persons; 
immigration; restrictions; exclusions; problems. 

Bibliography: Manual, § 119; Actual Government, § 194; 
K. C. Ringwalt, Briefs on Public Questions, Nos. 5, 6; 
Brookings and Ringwalt, Briefs for Debate, Nos. 26-28. — 
Secondary Readings: Actual Government, § 196; E. E. 
Sparks, National Development {Am. Nation, XXIII), ch. 
xiv; J. H. Latane, America as a World Power (Am. Nation, 
XXV), ch. xvii; E. R. A. Seligman, Economics, § 69; C. D. 
Wright, Practical Sociology, ch. vii; H. G. Wells, Future in 
America, ch. ix. — Additional Readings: R. Mayo-Smith, 
Emigration and Immigration; P. F. Hall, Immigration; 
J. R. Commons, Races and Immigrants. — Sources: Com- 
missioner of Immigration, Reports; Industrial Commission, 
Report, No. 15. 

[Class-room Paper No. 26. — Limitation of Immi- 
gration. — Manual, § 225.] 

Lect. 77. Conveniences of Commerce: patents; copy- 
rights; weights and measures; bills of lading; regula- 
tion of occupations; state industries. 
Bibliography: Actual Government, § 207; Brookings and 
Hingwalt, Briefs for Debate, Nos. 60-64. — Secondary 
Readings: Actual Government, §§211, 213; E. McClain, 
Constitutional Law, §§ 102, 103; J. Story, Commentaries, 
§§1105-1115, 1122, 1151-1155. — Additional Readings: 
S. W. Dunscomb, Bankruptcy. — Sources: Commissioner 
of Patents, current Reports. 

Lect. 78. Regulation of Labor: holidays; dangerous 
callings; hours; payment of wages; rate of wages; 
women's labor; child labor; organizations; strikes; 
sympathetic strikes; boycotts. 
Bibliography: Actual Government, § 207; E. R. A. Selig- 
man, Economics, § 180; R. C. Ringwalt, Briefs on Public 



208 LECTURES AND READINGS [§ 120 

Questions, No. 24; Brookings and Ringwalt, Briefs for 
Debate, Nos. 57-65. — Secondary Readings: Actual Gov- 
ernment, §§215, 216; D. R. Dewey, National Problems 
(Am. Nation, XXIV), ch. iii; E. R. A. Seligman, Economics, 
ch. xxvii; F. J. Stimson, Handbook to Labor Law; R. L. 
Ashley, Am. Federal State, §§619-621; C. D. Wright, 
Practical Sociology, chs. xiii-xvi. — Additional Readings: 
CD. Wright, Industrial Evolution; C. B. Spahr, America's 
Working People; W. F. Willoughby, State Activities in 
Relation to Labor {Johns Hopkins University Studies, XIX, 
Nos. 4, 5). — Sources: Current Reports of the Secretary of 
Commerce. 

§ 121. Readings on Foreign and Military Functions. 

Bibliography. — MawuaZ, §§21, 64, 175, 181, 184, 192, 
195, 196; Actual Government, §§ 188, 194, 199; Guide, §§ 153, 
162, 168-173; 178, 189, 192-194, 212. 

Secondary Readings. — Actual Government, chs. xxiii- 
xxv; A. B. Hart, National Ideals (Am. Nation, XXVI), 
chs. xvii, xviii; E. McClain, Constitutional Law, chs. xvii, 
xxii, xxiii; A. B. Hart, Foundations, ch. viii; J. B. Moore, 
Am. Diplomacy. 

Additional Readings. — G. S. Boutwell, Constitution, 
chs. xvi-xviii, xxx, xxxiv; J. W. Foster, Century of Am. 
Diplomacy; E. Schuyler, Am. Diplomacy; H. Von Hoist, 
Constitutional Law, §§47-50, 56-58; T. M. Cooley, Consti- 
tutional Law, ch. iv, § 12; J. J. Lalor, Cyclopedia of Pol. 
Sci nee, articles on Army, Drafts, Military Commissions, 
Navy, Treaties (Fishery), Treaties (U. S.). 

Sources. — Current Reports of the Secretary of State, 
Secretary of War, Secretary of the Navy. 

§ 122. Lectures on Foreign and Military Functions. (Lects. 
79-85.) 

Lect. 79. American Foreign Policy: principles; isola- 
tion; annexation; peace; America; Asia; Africa; Europe. 



§ 122] GOVERNMENT 209 

Bibliography: Manual, §§ 175, 195, 196; Actual Govern- 
ment, § 188. — Secondary Readings: Actual Governme/it, 
% 189; A. B. Hart, National Ideals {Am. Nation, XXVI), 
ch. xvii; J. H. Latane, America as a Woiid Power {Am. 
Nation, XXV), ch. vi. — Additional Readings: A. B. 
Hart, Foundations; J. Bryce, Am. Commonwealth, II, chs. 
xciv, cxii; J. B. Moore, Am. Diplomacy; J. W. Foster, Cen- 
tury of Am. Diplomacy; J. W. Foster, Am. Diplomacy in 
the Orient. — Sources: Contemporaries, IV, §§173-179, 
192-196; current Reports of Secretary of State. 

Lect. 80. Diplomatic Representatives: appointment; 
ministers; consuls; correspondence; instructions; privi- 
leges; extraterritoriality; negotiations. 
Bibliography: Manual, § 64; Actual Government, § 188. — 

Secondary Readings: J. W. Foster, Practice of Diplomacy, 

chs. i-xi; Actual Government, §§ 190, 191; J. A. Fairlie, 

National Administration, ch. vi; J. B. Moore, Digest, V, ch. 

xvi. — Sources: Current Reports of the Secretary of State; 

J. B. Moore, Digest, IV, §§ 623-695. 

[Class-room Paper No. 27. — Status of Consuls. — 

Manual, § 226.] 

Lect. 81. Treaty Power: negotiation; consideration by 
Senate; ratification; relation to statutes; execution. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§ 184, 226; Actual Government, 
§ 188; E. McClain, Constitutional Law, § 132. — Secondary 
Readings: Actual Government, § 192; E. McClain, Con- 
stitutional Law, ch. xxiii. — Additional Readings: J. W. 
Foster, Practice of Diplomacy, chs. xii-xviii; F. Wharton, 
Commentaries, §§ 155-161, 383, 505, 506. — Sources: J. B. 
Moore, Digest, V, §§734-780; text of treaties in U. S. 
Treaties and Conventions. 

Lect. 82. Army in Time of Peace: militia; regulars; 
officers; recruiting; pay; discipline; use; posts; fortifi- 
cations. 



210 LECTURES AND READINGS [§ 122 

Bibliography: Actual Government, § 199. — Secondary 
Readings: Actual Government, §§201, 203, 204; J. A. 
Fairlie, National Administration, ch. ix; L. D. Ingersoll, 
War Department. — Sources: Current Reports of the 
Secretary of War. 

Lect. 83. The Navy in Time of Peace: education of 
officers; sailors; recruiting; construction; pay; discipline; 

■ employnient. 

Bibliography: Actual Government, §199. — Secondary 
Readings: Actual Government, §§202, 203; J. A. Fairlie, 
National Administration, ch. x; T. Roosevelt, Am. Ideals, 
No. 12. — Additional Readings: E. S. Maclay, U. S. 
Navy; J. D. Long, New U. S. Navy. — Sources: Current 
Reports of the Secretary of Navy. 

Lect. 84. War: declaring war; carrying on war; com- 
mand; military law; conquests; social effects. 
Bibliography: Actual Government, § 199; E. McClain, 
Constitutional Law, §§108, 129. — Secondary Readings: 
Actvnl Government, § 205; E. McClain, Constitutional Law, 
chs. xvii, xxii; J. K. Hosmer, Outcome of the Civil War 
(Am. Nation, XXI), ch. i; W. A. Dunning, Essays on the 
Civil War and Reconstruction, 1-62. — Additional Read- 
ings: W. Whiting, War Powers under the Constitution. 

Lect. 85. Pensions: military; naval; police and firemen; 
teachers; proposed civil; amount. 

Bibliography: Manual, § 227; Actual Government, § 199. 
— Secondary Readings: Actual Government, §206; J. A. 
Fairlie, National Administration, 205-208; W. H. Glasson, 
Military Pension Legislation; E. H. Hall, Indignity to our 
Citizen Soldiers. 

[Class-room Paper No. 28. — The Pension System. — 
Manual, § 227.] 



§ 124] GOVERNMENT 211 

§ 123. Readings on General Welfare and Police Powers. 

Bibliography. — Manual, §§ 138, 161, 228, 229; Actual 
{government, §§ 230, 239, 244; C. D. Wright, Practical Soci- 
ology, pp. ix-xvi; Boston Public Library, List of Books on 
Public Reform. 

Secondary Readings. — Actual Government, chs. xxviii- 
XXX ; A. B. Hart, National Ideals (Am. Nation, XX^VI), ch. 
vii, xix; E. McClain, Constitutional Law, ch. i^; C. D. 
Wright, Practical Sociology, chs. xii-xxiv; J. A. Fairlie, 
Municipal Administration, chs. viii-xii; G. S. Boutwell, 
Constitution, ch. xx; C. Zueblin, Am. Municipal Progress. 

Additional Readings: D. F. Wilcox, City Government, 
24-72, 93-101; M. R. Maltbie, Municipal Functions (Muni- 
cipal Affairs, II, 581-787); J. H. Crooker, Problems in 
Am. Society; J. J. Lalor, Cyclopoedia of Pol. Science, articles 
on Insurrection, Mormons, Police Power of a State, Pro- 
hibition. 

§ 124. Lectures on General Welfare and Police Powers. 
(Lects. 86-90.) 

Lect. 86. Education: public and private; primary; sec- 
ondary; college; university; technical; professional. 

Bibliography: Manual, § 228; Actual Government, § 230; 
Brookings and Ringwalt, Briefs for Debate, Nos. 53, 68. — • 
Secondary Readings: Actual Government, ch. xxviii; A. B. 
Hart, National Ideals (Am. Nation, XXVI), ch. xii; C. D. 
Wright, Practical Sociology, ch. xi; J. Bryce, Am. Common- 
wealth, II, chs. cv, ex, cxi. — Additional Readings: B. A. 
Hinsdale, Am. Government, ch. Ivi; J. H. Crooker, Problems in 
Am. Society, ch. v; F. H. Giddings, Democracy and Empire, 
chs. xiii, xiv; P. H. Hanus, Educational Aims. — Sources: 
C. W. Eliot, Educational Reform; A. B. Hart, Studies in 
Am. Education; Commissioner of Education, current Reports; 
National Educational Association, Reports. 



212 LECTURES AND READINGS [§ 124 

Lect. 87. Public Health and Morals: practice of 
medicine; quarantine; boards of health; hospitals; 
tenement houses; police regulations; liquor question. 

Bibliography: Actual Government, §§ 239, 244; Brook- 
ings and Ringwalt, Briefs for Debate, Nos. 51, 52. — Sec- 
ondary Readings: Actual Government, §§ 243, 248; E. 
McClain, Constitutional Law, ch. ix; W. H. Allen, National 
Board of Health {Annals Am. Acad. Pol. Sci., XV, 51-68); 
C. D. Wright, Practical Sociology, ch. xxiii. — Additional 
Readings: A. G. Warner, American Charities; F. H. Wines 
and J. Koren, Liquor Problem in its Legislative Aspects; 
J. Koren, Economic Aspects of the Liquor Problem. 

[Class-room Paper No. 29. — Regulation of the 
Liquor Traffic. — Manual, § 228.] 

Lect. 88. Crime and Punishment: police; detectives; 
criminal process; punishments; prisons; ex-convicts. 
Bibliography: Actual Government §244. — Secondary 
Readings: Actual Government, §§245-247, 249, 250; E. 
McClain, Constitutional Law, ch. x; T. Roosevelt, Am. 
Ideals, No. 8; C. D. Wright, Practical Sociology, ch. xxii. — 
Additional Readings: F. H. Wines, Punishment and Refor- 
mation; S. E. Sparling, State Boards of Control {Annals Am. 
Acad. Pol. Sci., XVII, 74-91). 

Lect. 89. Public Charity and Corrections: poor relief; 

the defective; reform institutions; tenements; children; 

unemployed. 
Bibliography: Actual Government, § 244; C. D. Wright, 
Practical Sociology, § 167. — Secondary Readings: Actual 
Government, § 246; C. D. Wright, Practical Sociology, ch. 
xiii; J. A. Riis, Children of the Poor; A. G. Warner, American 
Charities; J. H. Crooker, Problems in Am. Society, ch. ii. — 
Sources: National Conference of Associated Charities and 
Correction, annual Proceedings. 



§ 126] GOVERNMENT 213 

Lect. 90. Public Order: obedience; resistance; riot; 

insurrection; rebellion; court officers; posse; police; 

militia; troops. 
Bibliography: Manual, § 229; Actual Government, § 244; 
R. C. Ringwalt, Briefs on Public Questions, No. 25; Brook- 
ings and Ringwalt, Briefs for Debate, No. 75. — Secondary 
Readings: Actual Government, §§ 251-253; A. B. Hart, 
National Ideals {Am. Nation, XXVI), ch. xviii; F. J. Good- 
now, Comparative Administrative Law, II, 119-129. — 
Additional Readings: J. I. C. Hare, Constitutional Law, 

I, ch. xli; C. D. Wright, Practical Sociology, chs. xxi, xxii. 
[Class-room Paper No. 30. — Injunctions against 

Rioters. — Manual, § 229.] 

§ 125. Thirty Lectures on American Government (Course F). 

This brief course in American Government is intended 
to include the essential subjects treated in greater detail 
in Course E. Provision is made for six Class-room Papers, 
selected from the list of thirty subjects in Course E (Manual, 
§§ 198-229). 

§ 126. Readings on Political Ideals and Organizations. 

Bibliography. — Manual, § 97; Actual Government, § 1. 

Secondary Readings. — Actual Government, ch. i; A. B. 
Hart, National Ideals {Am. Nation, XXVI), chs. ii, v-ix, 
XV ; W. W. Willoughby, Constitutional System, chs. i, ii; 
F. A. Cleveland, Growth of Democracy, ch. iv; A. Shaw, 
Political Problems, ch. i. 

Additional Readings: J. Bryce, Am. Commonwealth, 

II, parts iv-vi; C. W. Eliot, Am. Contributions, chs. i-vi; 
E. L. Godkin, Problems of Democracy, Nos. 1, 2, 7, 10; 
J. K. Hosmer, Anglo-Saxon Freedom; C. E. Merriam, Am. 
Political Theories; J. A. Smith, Spirit of Am. Government. 

Source Readings. — Contemporaries, II, §§45-101; 
Source-Book, §§ 25-35, 41-52. 



214 LECTURES AND READINGS [§ 127 

§ 127. Lectures on Political Ideals and Organization. 
(Lects. 1-8.) 

Lect. 1. Methods and Materials: text-books; lectures; 
class-room papers; library reports; examinations; cer- 
tificates; compilations; secondary books; sources; prac- 
tice in using. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§. 

Lect. 2. The American People: numbers; races; distri- 
bution; occupations; urban and rural; societies; 
churches; education; public spirit. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§96, 97, 199; Guide, §§145, 
180; Actual Government, § 1. — Secondary Readings: 
A. B. Hart, National Ideals (Am. Nation, XVI), ch. iii; 
Actual Government, §§4, 5; C. W. Eliot, Am. Contributions, 
chs. iv, v; A. C. Coolidge, U. S. as a World Power, chs. 
ii, iii. — Additional Readings: C. D. Wright, Practical 
Sociology, chs. ii, iv, vi, viii; N. S. Shaler, Nature and Man 
in America; P. F. Hall, Immigration; J. R. Commons, Races 
and Immigrants; A. Shaw, Political Problems, ch. ii. — 
Source Readings: Contemporaries, III, §§ 10-36, 203-209; 
U. S. Census, Reports. 

Lect. 3. American Theories of Government: status of 
women; equality; social compact; democracy; represen- 
tation; local government; separation of powers. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§96, 97, 199; Actual Govern- 
ment, §17; Guide, §§156, 165, 183, 205. — Secondary 
Readings: Actual Government, §§ 18, 19, 25-27; A. B. 
Hart, National Ideals {Am. Nation, XXVI), chs. vii, viii; 
J. Bryce, Am. Commonwealth, I, chs. ii-iv, xxvi-xxx; II, 
chs. Ixxvii, Ixxviii, cix. — Additional Readings: A. C. 
McLaughlin, Confederation and Constitution {Am. Nation, 
X), chs. xii, xvii; W. W. Willoughby, Constitutional System, 
chs. i, ii; C. E. Merriam, Am. Political Theories, chs. iii, 
vii. — Source Readings: M. Hill, Liberty Documents, chs. 
xi, xiv. 



§ 127] BRIEF GOVERNMENT 215 

Lect. 4. The American Citizen: birth; naturalization; 
aliens; orientals; Indians; dependents; duties; protec- 
tion; loss of citizenship. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§ 99, 100, 177, 192, 201; Actual 
Government, §7. — Secondary Readings: Actual Govern- 
ment, §§ 8-10; E. McClain, Constitutional Law, §§ 100, 193- 
196; A. B. Hart, National Ideals {Am. Nation, XXVI), ch. 
iii; W. W. Willoughby, Constitutional System, ch. xv. — 
Additional Readings: G. S. Boutwell, Constitution, ch. xliv. 

Lect. 5. Liberty: inalienable rights; bills of rights; free- 
dom; movement; opinions; religion; judicial rights. 

Bibliography: Manual, §§99, 100, 155, 159, 192, 202; 
Actual Government, § 7. — Secondary Readings: A. B. 
Hart, National Ideals (Am. Nation, XXVI), ch. v; Actual 
Government, §§ 11-14; E. McClain, Constitutional Law, 
chs. xxxvi-xliv. — Additional Readings: B. A. Hinsdale, 
Am. Government, chs. xlvii, xlviii; T. M. Cooley, Constitu- 
tional Limitations, chs. xi-xiii. — Source Readings: Con- 
temporaries, IV, §§ 124-129; M. Hill, Liberty Docnments, 
chs. vi, ix, xiii, xxi, xxii. 

[Class-room Paper No. 1.^ — Theory of Religious 
Liberty. — Manual § 202.] 

Lect. 6. Written Constitutions: precedents; charters; 
Revolutionary; Federal (1787); conventions; legisla- 
tures; popular votes; interpretation. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§ 100, 101, 102; Actual Govern- 
ment, §17. — Secondary Readings: Actual Government, 
§ 28; C. E. Merriam, Am. Political Theories, chs. i-iv; W. W. 
Willoughby, Constitutional System, ch. iii; A. Johnston, 
Political Hist. (Woodburn ed.), chs. iv, v. — Additional 
Readings: C. Borgeaud, Origin of Written Constitutions 
(PoL Sci. Quarterly, VII, 613-632); W. C. Morey, Genesis 
of a Written Constitution and First State Constitutions (An- 
nals Am. Acad. Pol. Sci., I, 529-557; IV, 201-233); J. A. 



216 LECTURES AND READINGS [§ 127 

Kasson, Evolution of the Constitution; J. A. Jameson, Con- 
stitutional Conventions; S. E. Baldwin, Am. Political Institu- 
tions, chs. ii, iii. — Source Readings: M. Hill, Liberty 
Documents, chs. vii, ix, xiii, xv, xvii. 

Lect. 7. Suffrage and Representation; suffrage; limi- 
tations; ballot; bribery; referendum; initiative; dis- 
tricting; gerrymander. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§99, 100, 155; Actual Govern- 
ment, § 17. — Secondary Readings: A. B. Hart, National 
Ideals {Am. Nation, XXVI), ch. vi; E. McClain, Constitu- 
tional Law, chs. i, ii; Actual Government, §§ 22, 24, 28; 
W. W. Willoughby, Am. Citizenship, chs. i-vii. — Addi- 
tional Readings: J. A. Smith, Spirit of Am. Gvernment, 
ch. iv. — Source Readings: M. Hill, Liberty Documents, 
chs. ii-vi, vii, ix, xi, xiii. 

Lect. 8. Political Organization: parties; party spirit; 
caucus; nominating convention; ring; boss; remedies. 
Bibliography: Manual, § 103; Guide, §§ 160, 181, 201; 
Actual Government, § 42. — Secondary Readings: J. A. 
Woodburn, Political Parties, chs. i-ix; Actual Government, 
§ 143; A. B. Hart, National Ideals (Am. Nation, XXVI), 
ch. ix; J. Bryce, Am. Commonwealth, II, chs. liii-lvi. — 
Additional Readings: A. Johnston, Political Hist. (Wood- 
burn ed.); J. A. Smith, Spirit of Am. Government, ch. viii; 
R. L. Ashley, Am. Federal State, §§532-535; H. J. Ford, 
Am. Politics, chs. vii, xxiii-xxv; A. Shaw, Political Problems, 
chs. V, vi. — Source Readings: Contemporaries, III, § 83; 
IV, § 197. 

§ 128. Readings on State, Local, and Municipal Government. 

Bibliography. — Manual, §§105, 107; Actual Govern- 
ment, §§ 52, 59, 66, 72, 79, 86, 95. 

Secondary Readings. — Actual Government, chs. vi- 
xii; P. S. Reinsch, Legislatures, chs. iv-x; W. W. Willoughby, 



§ 129] BRIEF GOVERNMENT 217 

Constitutional System, chs. v-x; E. McClain, Constitutional 
Law, chs, xxx-xxxiii. — Additional Readings: J. Bryce, 
Am. Commonwealth, I, chs. xl-lii; J. A. Fairlie, Municipal 
Administration; A. B. Hart, National Ideals (Am. Nation, 
XXVI), ch. vii; F. J. Goodnow, City Government; J. A. 
Fairlie, Local Government; F. J. Goodnow, Municipal Prob- 
lems; D. B. Eaton, Government of Municipalities; D. F. 
Wilcox, City Government. 

Source Readings. — Municipal Affairs; New York State 
Library, Bulletins; National Municipal League, Proceedings. 

§ 129. Lectures on State, Local, and Municipal Government. 
(Lects. 9-12.) 

Lect. 9. The Commonwealths: admission; privileges; 
duties; legislatures; government; administration; courts; 
lynch law. 

Bibliography. Manual, §§ 105, 141, 149, 160, 207, 208; 
Actual Government, §§ 17, 52, 59, 66, 72. — Secondary 
Readings: Actual Government, §§ 53-78; E. McClain, Con- 
stitutional Law, §§ 173-183, 188-191; J. Bryce, Am. Com- 
monwealth, I, chs. xxxvi-xlvi. — Additional Readings: 
F. A. Cleveland, Growth of Democracy, chs. xiii, xiv; R. L. 
Ashley, Am. Federal State, §§ 430-433; P. S. Reinsch, Legis- 
litures, chs. iv-x. — Source Readings: Contemporaries, 
I\\ §§ 145-157; N. Y. State Library, Bidletins. 

[Class-room Paper No. 2. — Efficacy of the Refer- 
endum. — Manual, § 205.] 

Lect. 10. Local Government: Colonial; town; town 
meeting; county; mixed systems; villages and boroughs; 
school districts. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§ 108, 209; Actual Government, 
§79. — Secondary Readings: Actual Government, §§80- 
87; J. A. Fairlie, Local Government; J. Bryce, Am. Common- 
wealth, I, chs. xlvii, xlix. — Additional Readings: W. W. 
Willoughby, Am. Citizenship, part ii, ch. x; R. L. Ashley, 
Am. Federal State, §§ 471-480. 



218 LECTURES AND READINGS [§ 129 

Lect. 11. The City: sites; growth; problems; charters; 
councils; mayors; police; state control. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§ 107, 108, 211; Actual Govern- 
ment §§86, 95. — Secondary Readings: Actual Govern- 
ment, §§87-101; C. D. Wright, Practical Sociology, chs. 
viii, ix; F. J. Goodnow, City Government, chs. i-xiii; J. A. 
Fairlie, Municipal Administration, chs. xvii-xix. — Addi- 
tional Readings: A. B. Hart, Practical Essays, No. 8; 
F. J. Goodnow, Municipal Problems, chs. i, ix, x; B. S. 
Coler, Municipal Government, ch. i. — Source Readings: 
National Municipal League, Municipal Program; Chicago 
Charter Convention, Digest of City Charters. 

Lect. 12. Remedies for Misgovernment: foresight; con- 
stitutions and charters; executive organization; limi- 
tations; separation of politics; reform organizations; 
public spirit. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§ 107, 108; Actual Government, 
§§86, 95. — Secondary Readings: C. W. Eliot, Am. 
Contributions, ch. vii; Actual Government, §§94, 101; F. J. 
Goodnow, City Government, ch. xiv; J. A. Fairlie, Muni- 
cipal Administration, ch. xx. — Additional Readings: 
F. C. Howe, City the Hope of Democracy, ch. viii; F. J. 
Goodnow, Municipal Problems, ch. xi. — Source Readings: 
Municipal Affairs, III, 434, 454; National Municipal League, 
Municipal Program. 

§ 130. Readings on the Federal Government. 

Bibliography. — Manual, §§ 109-114, 144, 161, 216, 217; 
Actual Government, §§ 102, 110, 120, 135; E. McClain, Con- 
stitutional Law, §§ 37, 42, 99, 116, 119, 121, 125, 129, 132. 

Secondary Readings. — Actual Government, §§ 103- 
145; E. McClain, Constitutional Law, chs. vi-xviii; P. S. 
Reinsch, Legislatures, chs. i, iii. 

Additional Readings: J. Bryce, Am. Commonwealth, I, 
chs. ii-xxxv; J. A. Fairlie, National Administration, chs. i. 



§ 131] BRIEF GOVERNMENT 219 

ii; B. A. Hinsdale, Am. Government, chs. xvi-xxxiii; J. A. 
Woodburn, Am. Republic, chs. iv, v, xxvi. 

Source Readings. — J, D. Richardson, Messages and 
Papers; Congressional Record; Senate and House Documents; 
Supreme Court, Reports. 

§ 131. Lectures on the Federal Government. (Lects. 13-18.) 
Lect. 13. Congress: choice; service; candidates; the 
House; the Speaker; the Senate; Vice-President; com- 
mittees; steering committee. 

Bibliography: Manual, §§ 111, 112, 214; Actual Govern- 
ment, §102. — Secondary Readings: Actual Government, 
§§ 103-109; P. S. Reinsch, Legislatures, chs. i-iii; M. P. 
Follett, The Speaker, chs. ii, iii, viii, x, xi. — Additional 
Readings: A. B. Hart, Practical Essays, No. 1; E. McClain, 
Constitutional Law, §§ 32-34; J. Bryce, Am. Common- 
wealth, I, chs. x-xv. 

Lect. 14. Federal Legislation: influences; executive 
initiative; sessions; order; obstruction; reports; debates; 
votes; output. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§111, 112; Actual Government, 
§110; E. McClain, Constitutional Law, §44. — Secondary 
Readings: Actual Government, §§ 111-113; J. Bryce, Am. 
Commonwealth, I, chs. xvi-xix; P. S. Reinsch, Legislatures, 
19, 48-59, 71-78; M. P. Follett, The Speaker, chs. iv-vi. — 
Source Readings: T. B. Reed, How the House Does Busi- 
ness (North Am. Review, vol. 164, pp. 641-650, June, 1897). 
[Class-room Paper No. 3. — Defects of the Com- 
mittee System. — Manual, § 214.] 

Lect. 15. The President: precedents; notables; nomi- 
nation; election; choice by electors; succession; powers; 
veto. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§ 109, 110; Actual Government, 

§ 120. — Secondary Readings: Actual Government, §§ 121, 



220 LECTURES AND READINGS [§ 131 

122; A. B. Hart, National Ideals (Am. Nation, XXVI), ch. 
xiv; E. McClain, Constitutional Law, §§ 40, 120; J. Bryce, 
Am. Commonwealth, I, chs. v-viii. — Additional Readings: 
J. A. Fairlie, National Administration, chs. i, ii; J. A. Wood- 
burn, Am. Republic, ch. iii; J. H. Dougherty, Electoral 
System; E. Stanwood, History of the Presidency. — Source 
Readings: Contemporaries, III, §§ 79, 106, 162. 

Lect. 16. The Cabinet and the Civil Service: heads of 
departments; meetings; authority; kitchen cabinets; 
relation to Congress; minor officials; employees; civil 
service reform; classified service. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§ 109, 110, 212, 213; Actual 
Government, § 128. — Secondary Readings: Actual Gov- 
ernment, §§ 129, 130, 134; E. McClain, Constitutional Law, 
ch. xx; J. H. Finley, The Am. Executive; J. Bryce, Am. Com- 
monwealth, 1, ch. ix. — Additional Readings: J. A. Fairlie, 
National Administration, chs. iv-xvi; A. L. Lowell, Essays 
on Government, No. 1; C. R. Fish, Civil Service and Patronage. 

Lect. 17. The Federal Courts: judges; courts; func- 
tions; cases; writs; expounding constitution; declaring 
statutes void. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§ 113, 114; Actual Government, 
§ 135; E. McClain, Constitutional Law, § 142. — Secondary 
Readings: Actual Government, §§ 136-144; S. E. Baldwin, 
Am. Judiciary, chs. i, ii, ix; E. McClain, Constitutional 
Law, §§43, 138-143, 168-171. — Additional Readings: 
J. Bryce, Am. Commonwealth, 1, chs. xxii-xxv; J. A. 
Woodburn, Am. Republic, ch. vi; W. W. Willoughby, Con- 
stitutional System, ch. v. 

Lect. 18. Public Sentiment in the Affairs of Gov- 
ernment: pulpit; literature; public meetings; personal 
influence; societies; mobs; financial magnates; leaders. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§ 111, 112; Actual Governm.ent, 

§ 102. — Secondary Readings: Actual G-overnment, § 115; 



§ 133] BRIEF GOVERNMENT 221 

J. Bryce, Am. Commonwealth, II, chs. Ixxvi-lxxxvii; E. 
McClain, Constitutional Law, §§20, 24, 29, 30, 36, 128; 
A. B. Hart, National Ideals {Am. Nation, XXVI), chs v, 
ix, xix. 

§ 132. Readings on the Functions of Government. 

Bibliography. — Manual, §§115-121; Actual Govern- 
ment, §§ 146, 155, 160, 188, 194, 199, 207, 218. 

Secondary Readings — Actual Government, §§ 147-229; 
A. B. Hart, National Ideals (Am. Nation, XXVI), chs. ii, 
xiii-xviii; J. A. Woodburn, Am. Republic, ch. vi; W. W. 
Willoughby, Constitutional System, chs. xi-xiv; W. F. Wil- 
loughby. Territories and Dependencies; W. M. Daniels, Public 
Finance; J. W. Foster, Century of Am. Diploynacy; E. 
McClain, Constitutional Law, chs. xiv-xvii. 

Source Readings. — Reports of executive officials of the 
states, cities, localities and federal government. 

§ 133. Lectures on the Functions of Government. (Lects. 
19-30.) 

Lect. 19. Territories AND Dependencies: external boun- 
daries; internal boundaries; conquests; unorganized 
territory; organized dependencies; protectorates. 

Bibliography: Manual, §§ 115, 116, 173, 178, 185, 194, 
218, 219; Actual Government, §§ 146, 160. 

Secondary Readings. — Actual Government, §§161, 
166-170; W. F. Willoughby, Territories and Dependencies, 
chs. ii-ix; E. McClain, Constitutional Law, § 186. 

Additional Readings. — J. Bryce, Am. Commonwealth, 
I, ch. xlvii; W. W. Willoughby, Constitutional System, chs. 
xiii, xiv; A. B. Hart, Foundations, ch. v; S. E. Baldwin, Am. 
Judiciary, ch. xxi. 

Source Readings. — Am. Hist. Leaflets, Nos. 22, 32. 

[Class-room Paper No. 4. — Dependencies. — Man- 
ual, § 163, cf., §§218,219.] 



222 LECTURES AND READINGS [§ 133 

Lect. 20. Public Real Estate: District of Columbia; 

public lands; forests; parks; reservoirs; public works; 

buildings; eminent domain. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§ 115, 116; Actual Government, 
§§146-160. — Secondary Readings: Actual Government, 
§§ 150, 153, 162-164; E. McClain, Constitutional Law, ch. 
xi; W. W. Willoughby, Territories and Dependencies, ch. x. 
— Additional Readings: A. B. Hart, Practical Essays, 
No. 10; S. Sato, History of the Land Question; T. M. Cooley, 
C onstitutioTial Limitations, ch. xv; A. Shaw, Political Prob- 
lems, ch. iv. — Sources: Reports of the Commissioner of 
Public Lands. 

Lect. 21. Public Revenue: land; polls; personal taxes; 
excise; income; succession; assessments; collection. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§ 117, 118, 220; Actual Govern- 
ment, §171. — Secondary Readings: Actual Government, 
§§172-178; E. McClain. Constitutional Law, §§69-79; 
E. R. A. Seligman, Economics, § 115. — Additional Read- 
ings: E. R. A. Seligman, Taxation; T. M. Cooley, Law of 
Taxation; A. Shaw, Political Problems, ch. viii. 

Lect. 22. The Tariff: framing; enactment; rates; values; 
penalties; officials; administration; defects. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§ 117, 118, 221; Actual Govern- 
ment, §171. — Secondary Readings: Actual Government, 
§§ 176, 177; E. R. A. Seligman, Economics, ch. xxx; E. 
McClain, Constitutional Law, § 77. — Additional Read- 
ings: D. R. Dewey, Financial Hist., chs. viii, xix-xxi; O. L. 
Elliott, Tariff Controversy; J. D. Goss, Tariff Administra- 
tion. — Source Readings: Contemporaries, III, §§49, 50, 
78, 130; IV, §§ 164-166. 

Lect. 23. Expenditures and Debt: estimates; appro- 
priations; expenditure; public accounts; state debt; 
local debt; national debt; sinking funds. 



§ 133] BRIEF GOVERNMENT 223 

Bibliography: Manual, §§ 117, 118; Actual Government, 
i 180. — Secondary Readings: Actual Government, §§ 181- 
186; D. R. Dewey, Financial Hist., ch. xiv; J. A. Fairlie, 
Municipal Administration, chs. xiii-xvi. — Additional 
Readings: C. J. Bullock, Finances of the U. S., part ii, chs. 
ii, iii; F. J. Goodnow, Comparative Administrative Law, II, 
275-295; H. C. Adams, Public Debt; W. A. Scott, Repudia- 
tion of State Debts. 

Lect. 24. Commercial Organization: individuals; firms; 

corporations; trusts; Wall street; contracts; coinage; 

banks; paper money. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§ 119, 120; Actual Government, 
I 207. — • Secondary Readings: Actual Government, §§ 208, 
209, 212; J. Bryce, Am. Commonwealth, II, ch. civ; E. R. 
A. Seligman, Economics, ch. vii; E. McClain, Constitutional 
Law, ch. XV. — Additional Readings: C. D. Wright, 
Practical Sociology, ch. xxiv; R. L. Ashley, Am. Federal 
State, §§615-618; J. B. Clark, Control of Trusts; J. W. 
Jenks, Trust Problems; W. M. Collier, The Trusts; A. Shaw, 
Political Problems, ch. vii. — Source Readings: Contempo- 
raries, IV, §§ 162-167. 

Lect. 25. Transportation: roads; railroads; canals; 

rivers; harbors; sea; regulation; commissions; aids; 

public ownership. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§ 119, 120, 224; Actual Govern- 
ment, §218. — Secondary Readings: Actual Government, 
§§219-226; A. B. Hart, National Ideals (Am. Nation, 
XXVI), ch. xvi; D. R. Dewey, National Problems (Am. 
Nation, XXIV), ch. vi; E. McClain, Constitutional Law 
§§87-91. — Additional Readings: W. F. Johnson, Four 
Centuries of the Canal; E. R. Johnson, Am. Railway Transpor- 
tation, ch. xxii; E. R. A. Seligman, Economics, ch. xxxiii; 
A. B. Hart, Practical Essays, No. 10; B. H. Meyer, Railway 
Legislation in the U. S. — Sources: Interstate Commerce 



224 LECTURES AND READINGS f§ 133 

Commission Reports; Am. Hist. Leaflets, No. 34; Industrial 
Commission on Transportation, Report, IV, 1-32; Chief of 
Engineers, Reports. 

[Class-room Paper No. 5. — Public Canals. — Man- 
ual, §223, cf. §§ 143, 161.] 

Lect. 26. Movement of Persons: inspection; rates; re- 
strictions; race discriminations; immigrants; exclusions; 
problems; labor. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§ 119, 120; Actual Government, 
§ 194. — Secondary Readings: Actual Government, § 196; 
E. E. Sparks, National Development {Am. Nation, XXIII), 
ch. xiv; E. R. A. Seligman, Economics, § 69; C. D. Wright, 
Practical Sociology, ch. vii. — Additional Readings: H. G. 
Wells, Future in America, ch. ix; R. Mayo-Smith, Emigra- 
tion and Immigration; P. F. Hall, Immigration; J. R. Com- 
mons, Races and Immigrants; A. Shaw, Political Problems, 
ch. iii. — Sources: Commissioner of Immigration, Reports. 

Lect. 27. Foreign Relations: isolation; annexations; 
peace; State Department; envoys; consuls; treaties. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§ 121, 122, 175, 184, 195, 196, 
226; Actual Government, §188. — Secondary Readings: 
Actual Government, §§ 189-192; E. McClain, Constitutional 
Law, ch. xxiii; A. Shaw, Political Problems, ch. ix; J. B. 
Moore, Digest, V, ch. xvi. — Additional Readings: J. W. 
Foster, Practice of Diplomacy, chs. i-xviii; J. A. Fairlie, 
National Administration, ch. vi; A. B. Hart, Foundations; 
J. W. Foster, Century of Am. Diplomacy; J. W. Foster, Am. 
Diplomacy in the Orient; A. Shaw, Political Problems, ch. ix. 
— Source Readings: Contemporaries, IV, §§ 173, 179, 192, 
196. 

Lect. 28. The Army and Navy: militia; regulars; sailors; 
officers; discipline; posts; vessels; use in peace; com- 
mand; war; pensions. 



§ 133] BRIEF GOVERNMENT 225 

Bibliography: Manual, §§ 121, 122; Actual Governtnent, 
§ 199. — Secondary Readings: Actual Government, §§ 201, 
204; J. A. Fairlie, National Administration, chs. ix, x; T. 
Roosevelt, Am. Ideals, No. 12. — Additional Readings: 
L. D. Ingersoll, War Department; E. S. Maclay, U. S. Navy. 
— Source Readings: Secretary of War, current Reports; 
Secretary of Navy, current Reports. 

Lect. 29. Religion and Education: churches; religious 
societies; missions; schools; secondary schools; colleges; 
professional schools; state and private. 
Bibliography: Manual, §§ 123, 124; Actual Government, 
§ 230. — Secondary Readings: Actual Government, §§ 231- 
243; A. B. Hart, National Ideals {Am. Nation, XXVI), chs. 
xi, xii; C. D. Wright, Practical Sociology, ch. xi; J. Bryce, 
Am. Commonwealth, II, chs. cv-cvii. — Additional Read- 
ings: J. H. Crooker, Problems in Am. Society, ch. v; B. A. 
Hinsdale, Am. Government, ch. Ivi; F. H. Giddings, Democ- 
racy and Empire, chs. xii-xiv; C. W. Eliot, Educational 
Reform; A. B. Hart, Studies in Am. Education. — Source 
Readings: Commissioner of Education, Reports; National 
Educational Association, Reports; U. S. Census, Reports. 

Lect. 30. The General Welfare: philanthropy; punish- 
ment of criminals; children; poor; good order; riots; 
troops. 

Bibliography: Manual, §§ 123, 124, 138, 161, 228, 229; 
Actual Government, §§230, 239, 244. — Secondary Read- 
ings: Actual Government, §§231-253; A. B. Hart, National 
Ideals {Am. Nation, XXVI), chs. vii, xix; E. McClain, Con- 
stitutional Law, ch. ix. — Additional Readings: J. A. 
Fairlie, Municipal Administration, chs. viii, xii; C. D. 
Wright, Practical Sociology, chs. xii-xxiv; J. H. Crooker, 
Problems in Am. Society. 

[Class-room Paper No. 6. — Regulation op the 
Liquor Traffic. — Manual, § 228, cf. §§ 123, 124, 252, 299.] 



Part III 
CLASS-ROOM PAPERS 

§ 134. Thirty Class-room Papers in United States History 
(Course A). 

The relation of the class-room papers to the rest of the 
work of the courses in history is set forth above (Manual, 
§§7, 15-18); and the place of each paper in connection 
with the progress of the lectures may be seen in the List 
of Lectures (Manual, §§ 28-54). 

§ 135. Paper No. 1. Use of Constitutional Authorities. 

For this paper every member of the course will be required 
to attend a conference with the Assistant, who will explain 
the use of various kinds of books, in preparation for the 
v/ork of the course. By individual work in the Library the 
members of the course will be expected to familiarize them- 
selves with the ground covered by at least one of the five 
topics below, before the paper is written in class. The 
questions will correspond to the five topics, from which 
one is to be chosen by the student ; and no member of the 
course will be given credit for this paper unless he has 
attended the prescribed conference before writing it. 

Bibliographies: This subject is the basis of Special Re- 
port No. 1 on Bibliography (Manual, § 235) ; and will be 
taken up in that connection. 

(1) Constitutional Treatises: Conception of "Constitu- 
tional Law"; ante-bellum treatises which are still quoted; 
post-bellum treatises; opinions as to what may be done 
under circumstances which have not yet arisen; compara- 
tive weight of treatises and judicial opinions, etc. 

(2) Cases: Reason for law reports; effect of cases on the 
establishment of constitutional law; various forms of United 



§ 136] HISTORICAL 227 

States reports; collections of cases; how to find cases on a 
specific point, etc. 

(3) Standard Histories: Point of view of the writers; 
field of the works; kinds of topics treated; attention to con- 
stitutional topics; references to authorities; tables of con- 
tents and indexes, etc. 

(4) Biographies: Relation to history; notable works; 
critical or panegyrics; inclusive of source material; bio- 
graphical series, etc. 

(5) Sources: Kinds of sources; principal collections; 
works of statesmen autobiography and reminiscence; travels; 
records of the federal executive and Congress; newspapers; 
publications of societies, etc. 

Specimen Questions: (1) Do writers of constitutional 
treatises make constitutional law? — (2) What are the ad- 
vantages of collections of cases over reports? — (3) How 
does McMaster's United States differ in scope and plan from 
Schouler's United States? — (4) What biography would you 
recommend of one of the following statesmen: (a) Thomas 
Jefferson, (6) Andrew Jackson, (c) Abraham Lincoln? (5) 
What collection of documents will be most serviceable in 
this course? 

§ 136. Paper No. 2. Theories of the Basis of the Federal 
Constitution. 

Bibliography. — Mowwa/, §§31, 32, 101, 102, 203; 
Guide, §§ 154-156. 

Select Constitutional Discussions. — J. C. Hurd, 
Theory of our National Existence, 116-141. — G. T. Curtis, 
Constitutional Hist., II, 1-5, 8-22, 26-47, 56-68, 70-83.— 
J. R. Tucker, Constitution, chs. ii, v, especially 256-318. 
— I. B. Richman, Fro7n Austin to John C. Hurd (Harvard 
Law Review, XIV, 353-371). — J. Story, Commentaries, 
Book III, ch. iii. — W. W. Willoughby, Nature of the State, 
«hs. X, xi, especially 266-275. 



228 CLASS-ROOM PAPERS [§ 136 

Select Historical Discussions. — • A. C. McLaughlin, 
Confederation and Constitution {Am. Nation, X), chs. xv, 
xvii. — A. B. Hart, National Ideals (Am. Nation, XXVI), 
ch. viii. — C. E. Merriam, Hist, of the Theory of Sovereignty, 
chs. ix, X. 

Select Cases. — Gibbons v. Ogden, 9 Wheaton, 1 ; 6 Cur- 
tis, 1; Thayer, Cases, 730, 1799; Boyd, Cases, 172; McClain, 
Cases, 303; John Marshall, Writings, 358. — Martin v. 
Hunter's Lessee, 1 Wheaton, 304; 3 Curtis, 563; Thayer, 
Cases, 123; McClain, Cases, 746. — McCulloch v. Maryland, 
4 Wheaton, 316; 4 Curtis, 415; Thayer, Cases, 271; McClain, 
•Cases, 1, John Marshall, Writings, 525. — U. S. v. Cruik- 
shank, 92 U. S. 542; McClain, Cases, 31. — White v. Hart, 
13 Wallace, 646; Thayer, Cases, 259. — Keith v. Clark, 97 
U. S. 454. — Texas v. White, 7 Wallace, 700; Thayer, 
Cases, 302; Boyd, Cases, 552. 

Sources. — U. S. Constitution, Preamble; Art. VI, sect. 2; 
Art. Nil. — Federalist (Scott ed.), 209-215; (Ford ed.), 
245-260. — Hayne's Speech on Foot's Resolution, Congress- 
ional Debates, 21 Cong., 1 sess., VI, 43. — A. Johnston, 
Am. Orations, I, 233. — T. H. Benton, Abridgment, X, 
423. — Webster's Reply to Hayne and other speeches. 
Congressional Debates, 21 Cong., 1 sess., VI^ 58-80; D. Web- 
ster, Works, I, 343; III, 270-442, 448-505; V, 324. — Com- 
ments on Webster's reply, A. H. Stephens, TFar between the 
States, I, 298-355. — Extracts from the two speeches; 
W. MacDonald, Select Documents, Nos. 47-49; Contempora- 
ries, III, § 159; Am. Hist. Leaflets, Nos. 28, 30.— Calhoun's 
South Carolina Exposition, Calhoun, Works, VI, 1. — 
Speech against Webster, A. Johnston, Am. Orations, I, 
96. — See Debates in the Virginia Convention of 1788, 
J. Elliot, Debates, III, especially 21-23, 44, and 395, 396. 

Additional Constitutional Discussions. — R. L. Ash- 
ley, Am. Federal State, 121-127. — W. O. Bateman, Con- 
stitutional Law, 101-134. — 0. A. Brownson, Am. Republic. 



§ 137] HISTORICAL 229 

— ^ T. M. Cooley, Constitutional Limitations, 3-11. — T. M. 
Cooley, Constitutional Law, 26-29. — J. Davis, Rise and 
Fall of the Confederate Government, 114-168. — A. M. Eaton, 
A New Nation (Harvard Law Review, XIII, 442-447). — 
R. Foster, Commentaries, I, 61-79, 94, 95, 104-108.— 
A. B. Hart, National Ideals (Am. Nation, XXVI), ch. viii. 
— • J. I. C. Hare, Constitutional Law, chs. ii, vi. — J. C. 
Hiird, The Union State, and The Centennial of a Revolu- 
tion. — J. A. Jameson, Constitutional Conventions, §§27- 
61, 167. — I. D. Andrews, Am. Law, §§ 146-148, 164- 
167. — C. Borgeaud, Adoption and Amendment of Con- 
stitutions, Part i, ch. iii; also Part iii. Book I, chs. i, viii. — 
J. W. Burgess, Political Science and Constitutional Law, I, 
98-108, 142-154. — A. C. McLaughlin, Social Compact and 
Constitutional Construction (Am. Hist. Review, V, 467-490). 
— - J. N. Pomeroy, Constitutional Law, Part i, chs. i, iii. 
— ■ E. V. Robinson, Nature of the Federal State (Annals 
Am. Acad. Pol. Sci., May, 1894). — A. L. Lowell, Limits of 
Sovereignty (Harvard Laiv Review, II, 70-87). — A. H. 
Stephens, War between the States, I, 50-170, 298-388.— 
W. A. Sutherland, Notes on the Constitution, 35-37. — W. 
W. Willoughby, Constitutional System, chs. i, ii. — Woodrow 
Wilson, The State, §§ 1071-1086. — F. Wharton, Commen- 
taries, §§ 359-375. — J. A. Woodburn, Am. Republic, 60-73. 
— H. Von Hoist, Constitutional Law, 37-44, 47-52. 

Specimen Questions. — (1) Would a breach of the Con- 
stitution by one of the states justify the other states in 
withdrawing from the Union? — (2) Was the Constitution 
made by the people of the United States? — (3) Did the 
framers of the Constitution think it a compact between 
individuals? 

§ 137. Paper No, 3. Doctrine of Separation of Powers. 

Bibliography: Manual, §§31, 32, 97, 98, 216, 217; 
Guide, §§ 157, 162, 167, 208. 



230 CLASS-ROOM PAPERS [§ 137 

Select Constitutional Discussions. — J. Story, Com- 
mentaries, §§518-544, 861-893. — J. N. Pomeroy, Consti- 
tutional Law, §§166-187. — F. J. Goodnow, Administra- 
tive Law of the U. S., Book, I, chs. iv, v. 

Select Cases. — Eakin v. Raub, 12 Sergeant & Rawle 
(Pa.), 330; Thayer, Cases, 133 (an able discussion of one 
phase of this subject, but no longer followed). — Marbury v, 
Madison, 1 Cranch, 137; 1 Curtis, 368; Thayer, Cases, 107; 
McClain, Cases, 815; Boyd, Cases, 17. — Mississippi v. 
Johnson, 4 Wallace, 475; Thayer, Cases, 195; McClain, 
Cases, 102; Boyd, Cases, 652. — Rice v. Parkman, 16 Mass., 
326; Thayer, Cases, 880. — Taylor v. Place, 4 R. I., 324; 
Thayer, Cases, 159; McClain, Cases, 79. 

Sources. — U. S. Constitution, Art. I, sect. 1; sect. 3, § 6; 
sect. 6, § 2; sect. 7, §§ 2, 3; sect. 8, § 18; Art. II, sect. 1, 
§ 1; sect. 2, §§ 1, 2; sects. 2, 4; Art. Ill, sect. 1; sect. 3, 
^ 2. — Federalist (Ford ed.), 48, 319-334, 458-489; (Scott 
ed.), 266-290. — Contemporaries, III, §54; Senate Reports,, 
46 Cong., 3 sess. (1881), No. 837. — Montesquieu, UEsprit 
des Lois, Book XI, ch. vi. — W. Blackstone, Commentaries, 
I, 35-37. 

Additional Constitutional Discussions. — J. D. An- 
drews, Am. Law, ch. xii, §§232, 233. — R. L. Ashley, 
Am. Federal State, ch. xvii. — H. C. Black, Constitu- 
tional Law, ch V. — T. M. Cooley, Constitutional Law, 
(ed. 1898) 44-54, 163-181. — T. M. Cooley, Constitutional 
Limitations, 64-69, 126-134. — G. T. Curtis, Constitutional 
Hist., II, 115. — R. Foster, Commentaries, I, §§ 39, 40, 42, 
86, 88-96, 111. — A. B. Hart, Practical Essays, No. 1. — 
A. L. Lowell, Essays on Government, 97-101. — E. C. Mason, 
Veto Power, §§ 18-24, 31-36, 99-105, 121-123, 230.— 
E. C. Mason, Congressional Demands on the Executive (Am. 
Hist. Assoc, Papers, V, 367-375). — E. McClain, Constitu- 
tional Law, ch. iv. — W. Rawle, View of the Constitution, chs. 
V, xvi. — J. A. Smith, Spirit of Am. Government, ch. vi. — 



§ 137] HISTORICAL 231 

W. A. Sutherland, Notes on the Constitution, 38, 461, 501. — 
J. B. Thayer, Origin and Scope of the Am. Doctrine of Con- 
stitutional Law {Harvard Law Rev., VII, 129). — J. R. 
Tucker, Constitution, §§65-67, 188, 213, 214. — F. Whar- 
ton, Commentaries, §§388-403. — J. A. Woodburn, Am. 
Republic, 98-lU, 301-313, 325-332. — B. Wyman, Ad- 
ministrative Law, ch. iii. 

Additional Federal Cases. — U. S. v. Kendall, 12 
Peter.s, 524; 12 Curtis, 834. — Watkins v. Holman, 14 
Curtis, 174. — Luther v. Borden, 7 Howard, 1; Thayer, 
Cases, 191. — U. S. v. Ferreira, 13 Howard, 40. — Murray's 
Lessee v. Hoboken Land and Improvement Co., 18 Howard, 
272. — Georgia v. Stanton, 6 Wallace, 50; Thayer, Cases, 
201. — United States v. Schurz, 102 U. S., 398. — Butter- 
worth V. Hoe, 12 U. S. 50. — U. S. u. Black, 128 U. S. 40; 
McClain, Cases, 109. — In re Neagle, 135 U. S. 1; Thayer 
Cases, 335. — U. S. v. Blaine, 139 U. S. 306. — U. S. v. 
Duell, 172 U. S. 576. — Neely v. Henkel, 180 U. S. 109. — 
James v. Appel, 192 U. S. 129. — U. S. v. Sing Tuck, 194 
U. S. 161. — Southern Pac. Co. v. Interstate Commerce 
Commission, 200 U. S. 536. — Michigan Central R. R. v. 
Powers, 201 U. S. 245. 

Additional State Cases. — In re Application of the 
Senate, 10 Minn. 78; Thayer, Cases, 181. — Houston v. 
Williams, 13 Cal.» 24; Thayer, Cases, 184. — Breevort v. 
Grace, 53 N. Y. 245; Thayer, Cases, 882. — Dash v. Van 
Kleek, 7 Johnson (N. Y.), 477; Thayer, Cases, 1498.— 
State V. Stone, 120 Mo. 428; McClain, Cases, 105. — Appeal 
of Hartranft, Governor, 85 Penn. St. 433. — Cases of Super- 
visors of Elections, 114 Mass., 247; McClain, Cases, 113. — 
State V. Simons, 32 Minn., 540; McClain, Cases, 117. — 
Ex parte GrifHth, 118 Ind. 83; McClain, Cases, 122. 

Additional Historical Discussions. — This question 
came up in debates on the President's removing power 
{Guide, §157); on the Jay treaty {Guide, § 162); on the 



232 CLASS-ROOM PAPERS [§ 137 

Marbury decision (Guide, § 167); on Jackson's removal of 
the deposits (Guide, § 185); on the Dred Scott decision 
(Guide, § 304); and on Lincoln's war power (Guide, § 208). 
The dispute between President Johnson and Congress, 
which led to the impeachment of the President, turned 
directly on this question. See also J. B. Thayer, John 
Marshall, chs. iii, v; Thayer, Cases, 1, 6, 83, 354w; S. G. 
Fisher, Evolution of the Constitution, 109-116, 161-167; 
W. M. Meigs, Growth of the Constitution, 115-122, 229-231; 
(London), Spectator, June 25, 1898. 

Specimen Questions. — (1) Could either House be 
compelled by Act of Congress to admit members of the 
Cabinet to a share in debate? — (2) May the House require 
the President to submit papers to it? — (3) Is the President 
bound by a decision of the Supreme Court? 

§ 138. No. 4. Implied Powers and the General Welfare. 

Bibliography. — Manwa/, §§31, 32, 101, 102, 123, 124, 
143, 148. — Guide, § 159. 

Select Constitutional Discussions. — J. Story, Com- 
mentaries, §§ 419, 420, 422-434, 497-506, 907-930. — C. S. 
Patterson, U. S. and States, ch. ii. — W. W. Willoughb}^ 
Constitutional System, ch. iii. — J. B. Thayer, John Mar- 
shall, ch. iv. — K. C. Babcock, Rise of Am. Nationality 
(Am. Nation, XIII), ch. xviii. — G. T. Curtis, Constitutional 
Hist., II, 182-190, 589-600. 

Select Cases. — McCuUoch v. Maryland, 4 Wheaton, 
316; 4 Curtis, 415; Thayer, Cases, 271; McClain, Cases, 1; 
Boyd, Cases, 308; John Marshall, Writings, 160. — Osborn 
V. Bank of the U. S., 9 Wheaton, 738; 6 Curtis, 251; Thayer, 
Cases, IMQn; McClain, Cases, 617; John Marshall, Writ- 
ings, 315. — Legal Tender Cases, 12 Wallace, 457; Thayer, 
Cases, 2237; McClain, Cases, 442; Boyd, Cases, 136.— 
Kansas v. Colorado, 206 U. S. 46. 



§ 138] HISTORICAL 233 

Sources. — Constitution: Preamble; Art. 1, sect. 1; 
sect. 8, § 18; sect. 9; sect. 10; Art. Ill, sect. 3, §2; Art. 
IV, sect. 2; sect. 3; sect. 4; Art. VI, § 2; Amendments X; 
XI; XIII, sect. 2; XIV, sect. 5; XV, sect. 2. — A. Hamil- 
ton's Opinion on the National Bank, Works (ed. 1850), IV, 
106; (Lodge ed.), Ill, 125. — J. Elliot, Debates, IV, 617.— 
T. Jefferson's Opinion on the National Bank, Works (Wash- 
ington ed.), VII, 555. — J. Elliot, Debates, IV, 609; W. 
MacDonald, Select Documents, Nos. 9-11. — J. Madison's 
opinion on banks and tariff, in J. Elliot, Debates, IV, 600; 
debates in Conventions, J. Elliot, Debates, IV, 411; V, 543, 
544. — - Debate in the House, Annals of Congress, 1 Cong., 
1891-1960; T. H. Benton, Abridgment, I. 274-308.— 
Federalist, Nos. 38, 41 (Ford ed. 201, 298); (Scott ed., 201, 
223). — Message of Madison (March 3, 1817), Senate Journal, 
14 Cong., 2 sess., 405-409; House Journal, 14 Cong., 2 sess., 
534-537; Annals of Congress, 14 Cong., 2 sess., 1060, 1061; 
J. D. Richardson, Messages and Papers, 1, 584. — Message 
of Monroe (May 4, 1822), Annals of Congress, 17 Cong., 
1 sess., 1809-1863; State Papers, 17 Cong., 1 sess., IX, 
No. 127; Statesman's Manual, I, 492-512; II, 513-535; 
J. D. Richardson, Messages and Papers, II, 144. — Con- 
temporaries, III, §§82, 133; M. Hill, Liberty Documents, 
chs. xvii, xix; Webster's Speech on the Bank, Works, III, 
416. 

Additional Constitutional Discussions. — J. D. An- 
drews, Am. Law, §§246-258. — H. C. Black, Constitutional 
Law, §105. — T. M. Cooley, Constitutional Law, 105-110. 
— D. H. Chamberlain, Osborn v. Bank of the United States 
{Harvard Laiv Review, I, 223). — J. I. C. Hare, Constitu- 
tional Laiv, I, 102-118. — W. 0. Bateman, Constitutional 
Law, §§205, 206. — R. Foster, Commentaries, I, §24.— 
E. McClain, Constitutional Law, ch. xviii. — J. N. Pomeroy, 
Constitutional Law, §§ 259-269. — W. A. Sutherland, Notes 
on the Constitution, 212-220. — J. R. Tucker, Constitutional 



234 CLASS-ROOM PAPERS [§ 138 

Law, H 179-183, 222-234, 248, 249, 294. — F. Wharton, 
Commentaries, §§ 468-470. — J. A. Woodburn, Am. Republic, 
73-77, 340, 341. 

Additional Cases. — U. S. v. Fisher, 2 Cranch, 358; 
1 Curtis, 496. — Fletcher v. Peck, 6 Cranch, 87; 2 Curtis, 
328; Boyd, Cases, 395. — Martin v. Hunter's Lessee, 1 
Wheaton, 304; 3 Curtis, 562; Thayer, Cases, 123; McClain, 
Cases, 746; Boyd, Cases, 616; John Marshall, Writings, 
525. — Gibbons v. Ogden, 9 Wheaton, 1 ; 6 Curtis, 1 ; Thayer, 
Cases, 1799; McClain, Cases, 235; Boyd, Cases, 172; John 
Marshall, Writings, 160. — Rhode Island v. Massachusetts, 
12 Peters, 723; 12 Curtis, 407. — Farmers National Bank 

V. Bearing, 91 U. S., 29. — Ex parte, Yarbrough, 110 U. S., 
651. — Hepburn v. Griswold, 8 Wallace, 603; Thayer, 
Cases, 2222. — Juillard v. Greenman, 110 U. S., 421; Thayer, 
Cases, 2255; McClain, Cases, 442; Boyd, Cases, 157. — Ander- 
son V. Dunn, 6 Wheaton, 204; 5 Curtis, 61; McClain, Cases, 
548. — Ex parte Curtis, 106 U. S., 371; McClain, Cases, 
554. — Logan v. U. S., 144 U. S., 263; McClain, Cases, 557. 

Additional Historical Discussions. — G. T. Curtis, 
Constitutional Hist., II, 182-190, 589-601. — H. C. Lodge, 
Alexander Hamilton, 99-105. — J. T. Morse, Alexander 
Hamilton, I, 333-347. — Clark and Hall, Legislative and 
Documentary Hist, of the Bank of the U. S., 15-31, 37-84, 
86-89, 91-94, 95-112. — H. Von Hoist, United States, 
1, 104-107. — R. Hildreth, United States, IV, 256-267; 

VI, 211, 226-231. — J. Schouler, United ' States, I, 158- 
162. — G. Tucker, United States, I, 450-458. — W. M. 
Meigs, Growth of the Constitution, 27-34, 128-134, 306, 307. 

Specimen Questions. — (1) May Congress constitution- 
ally charter a life insurance company? — (2) May Congress 
constitutionally vote money for aid to sufferers from forest 
fires? — (3) May Congress constitutionally pass an act creat- 
ing a national university, supported by national taxes? 



§ 140] HISTORICAL 235 

§ 139. Paper No. 5. Development of Parties. 

Select Discussions. — M. Ostrogorsky, Democracy and 
Parties, II, 3-607, esp. 3-206. — A. B. Hart, Actual Gov- 
ernment, §§ 43-51. — J. Macy, Party Organization and 
Machinery. — J. A. Woodburn, Political Parties and Party 
Problems, chs. i, ii. — J. Bryce, Am. Coynmonwealth, II, chs. 
liii-lvi. 

Additional Discussions. — A. B. Hart, National Ideals 
(Am. Nation, XXVI), ch. ix. — R. L. Ashley, Am. Federal 
State, ch. xxiii. — F. A. Cleveland, Growth of Democracy, 
246-306. — H. J. Ford, Am. Politics. — J. Macy, Political 
Parties, chs. i-vi. — A. Johnston, Am. Politics. — A. Holmes. 
Political Parties. — J. H. Patton, Political Parties. — P. S. 
Reinsch, Am. Legislatures, 275-283. — E. Stanwood, Hist, of 
the Presidency. — J. A. Smith, Spirit of Am. Government, 
ch. viii. 

Sources. — Confemporanes, III, §§83-91, 99-105.— 
National party platforms in E. Stanwood, History of the 
Presidency, passim; State platforms in annual Tribune 
Almanac; World Almanac. 

Specimen Questions. — (1) Did the Federalist party 
have a higher conception of government than the Repub- 
lican?— (2) Did the existence of parties strengthen the 
government during the crisis of foreign affairs from 1801 
to 1815? — (3) Ought a public-spirited man to hold aloof 
from politics? 

§ 140. Paper No. 6. Maintenance of Public Order. 

Bibliography.— Manual, §§ 123, 124, 229. 

Select Constitutional Discussions. — E. Freund, Police 
Power, ch. iv. — J. R. Tucker, Constitution, 576-597, 634- 
642, 715-717. — G. N. Lieber, Use of the Army in Aid of 
the Civil Power (North Am. Rev., Nov., 1896). — Federal 
Aid in Domestic Disturbances, Sen. Doc, 57 Cong., 2 sess., 
No. 209. (Constitutional, historical and comprehensive, 



236 CLASS-ROOM PAPERS [§ 140 

from the adoption of the Constitution to the present 
time.) — E. McClain, Constitutional Law, §§ 122, 131. 

Select Historical Discussions. — G. T. Curtis, Consti- 
tutional Hist., I, 426, 607, 610, 611, 613; II, 302-319.— 
E. B. Andrews, Last Quarter Century, II, 327-338. — A. B. 
Hart, National Ideals {Am. Nation, XXVI), ch. xviii. 

Select Cases. — Luther v. Borden, 7 Howard, 1; 17 
Curtis, 1- Thayer, Cases, 193, 254, 2352, 2391; McClain, 
Cases, 595; Boyd, Cases, 647. — Martin v. Mott, 12 Wheaton, 
19; 7 Curtis, 10; Thayer, Cases, 2290; McClain, Cases, 518; 
Boyd, Cases, 338. — /n re Neagle, 135 U. S. 1; Thayer, 
Cases, 335. — In re Debs, 158 U. S. 581. 

Sources. — U. S. Constitution: Art. I, sect. 8, §§ 12-16; 
Art. II, sect. 2, § 1; sect. 3; Art. IV, sect. 4. — Federalist 
(Ford ed.); (Scott ed.), 48-60, 126-130, 154-159, 241- 
247. — Debates in Convention, J. Elliot, Debates, III, 378, 
381, 384, 411-414, 422, 424. — Acts of Congress: May 2, 
1792, Statutes at Large, I, 264; Act of Nov. 29, 1794, 
Ibid., 1, 403; Act of Feb. 28, 1795, Ibid., 424; Act of March 3, 
1807, Ibid., II, 443; Act of March 2, 1833 ("Force Bill"), 
Ibid., IV, 632; Act of July 13, 1861, Ibid., XII, 255; Act of 
July 17, 1862, Ibid., 597; Act of April 20, 1871, Ibid.,XYU, 
13; Act of June 18, 1878, Ibid., XX, 145; Act of Jan. 
21, 1903, Ibid, XXXII, pt. i, p. 775. — Army Regulations, 
§§563-568. — /^m'serf Statutes, §§2118-2152, 2460, 3995, 
4293, 4792, 5275, 5286, 5297-5299. — Opinions of Attorneys 
General, VI, 473; IX, 520; XVI, 162; XVII, 333; XIX, 
293. — Notable proclamations of the Presidents, J. D. 
Richardson, Messages and Papers, I, 158, 161, 162, 436, 
450; V, 174; VII, 199, 472; IX, 288, 499. — Correspondence 
relating to the Chicago Riots, Attorney General, Report 
1896, App.; House Documents, 54 Cong., 2 sess.. No. 9, 
Part ii, pp. 20, 24, 193, 226, 233. — D. Webster, Works, 
VI, 217-246. 

Additional Constitutional Discussions. — W. 0. 



§ 140] HISTORICAL 237 

Bateman, Constitutional Law, §§239-241, 200, 291. — H. 
C. Black, Constitutional Law, §§81, 116-118. — T. M. 
Cooley, Constitutional Law, 88-90, 100, 106. — J. A. Fairlie, 
National Administration, 35-39. — J. N. Pomeroy, Consti- 
tutional Law, §§460-476, 662-668, 703-706. — J. Story, 
Commentaries, §§1186-1188, 1199-1215, 1813-1825. — F. 
Wharton, Commentaries, §§549-552. — W. A. Sutherland, 
Notes on the Constitution, 197-204, 469-494, 603-605. — S. 
F. Miller, Constitution, 624, 626, 639-641. 

Additional Federal Cases. — Logan v. U. S., 144 U. S., 
263; Thayer, Cases, 343; McClain, Cases, 557. — Texas v. 
White, 7 Wallace, 700; Thayer, Cases, 302; McClain, Cases, 
838; Boyd, Cases, 552. — Prize Cases, 2 Black, 635; 4 Mil- 
ler, 876; Thayer, Cases, 2339; McClain, Cases, 515; Boyd, 
Cases, 342. — Miller v. U. S., 11 Wallace, 268; Thayer, 
Cases, 2395. — U. S. v. Greathouse, 4 Sawyer, 457; McClain, 
Cases, 541. — Field v. Clark, 143 U. S., 649. — U. S. v. 
Peters, 5 Cranch, 115. 

Additional State Cases. — Ela v. Smith, 5 Gray 
(Mass.), 121; Thayer, Cases, 2279. — People v. King, 110 
N. Y., 418; Thayer, Cases, 568. — State v. Bering, 84 Wis., 
585; Thayer, Cases, 869. — Opinion of the Justices, 8 Mass., 
547; Thayer, Cases, 2287. — In re Kemp, 16 Wis.. 414. 

Additional Historical Discussions. — Accounts of 
disturbances and their suppression in The American Nation, 
as follows: Shays, A. C. McLaughlin, Confederation and 
Constitution {Am. Nation, X), ch. x; Whiskey, J. S. Bas- 
sett. Federalist Sijstem {Am. Nation, XI), ch. vii; Burr, 
E. Channing, Jeffersonian System {Am. Nation, XII), ch. 
xii; Georgia, 1826-1828, F. J. Turner, Rise of the New West 
{Am. Nation, XIV), 308-313; South Carolina, 1833, W. 
MacDonald, Jacksonian Democracy {Am. Nation, XV), chs. 
V, ix; Abolition, 1835-1840, A. B. Hart, Slavery and Aboli- 
tion {Am. Nation, XVI), chs. xi-xiv; Dorr, 1842, A. M. 
Mowry, Dorr War; John Brown, 1859, F. E. Chadwick, 



238 CLASS-ROOM PAPERS [§ 140 

Causes of the Civil War (Am. Nation, XIX), chs. v, ix- 
xviii; Civil War, 1861, J. K. Hosmer, Appeal to A7-ms 
(Am. Nation, XX), 14-19; Strikes, 1873, 1894, E. E. 
Sparks, National Development (Am. Nation, XXIII), ch. v; 
D. R. Dewey, National Problems (Am. Nation, XXIV), ch. 
ill. 

Specimen Questions. — (1) Did the Shays Insurrection 
tend to make people fond of their government? — (2) 
Should troops be used as a posse comitatus? — - (3) Ought 
the federal government to interfere in insurrections directed 
against a state? 

§ 141. Paper No. 7. Doctrine of Interposition. 

Bibliography. — Manwa/, §§ 39, 40, 97, 98, 105, 106. 

Select Constitutional Discussions. — J. Story, Com- 
mentaries, §§ 306-396, 467-481. — R. Foster, Commentaries, 
I, 116-119, 163-205. — A. H. Stephens, War between the 
States, I, 477-522. 

Select Cases. — McCulloch v. Maryland, 4 Wheaton, 
316; 4 Curtis, 415; Thayer, Cases, 271; McClain, Cases, 1; 
Boyd, Cases, 308. — Texas v. White, 7 Wallace, 700; Thayer, 
Cases, 302; McClain, Cases, 838; Boyd, Cases. — Lane 
County v. Oregon, 7 Wallace, 71, 76; McClain, Cases, 40. 

Select Historical Discussions. — H. Von Hoist, Con- 
stitutional Hist., 1, ch. iv, also 260-272. — S. H. Gay, James 
Madison, ch. xv. — F. M. Anderson, Contemporary Opinion 
the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions (Am. Hist. Re- 
view, V, 45-63, 225-252). 

Sources. — Texts of Virginia Resolutions, first Kentucky 
Resolutions, second Kentucky Resolutions, Madison's Re- 
port, and Answers of the States in: J. Elliot, Debates, IV, 
528-552; Am. Hist. Leaflets, No. 15; Niles Register, II, 
305-313. — Jef!"erson's view in his E''^orA;s (Washington ed.), 
IV, 258, 305. — Jefferson's Draft Resolutions, Works, IX, 
464. — Hamilton's view in his Works, VI, 416. — Am. Hist. 



§ 142] HISTORICAL 239 

Leaflets, No. 15. — Federalist (Ford ed.), 100-102, 140, 
173, 203; (Scott ed.), 209-215, 434-440. 

Additional Constitutional Discussions. — H. Von 
Hoist, United States, I, 396-408. — G. T. Curtis, Constitu- 
tional Hist., II, 5, 15-40, 56, 71, 79. — H. C. Black, Con- 
stitutional Law, 22-33. — J. N. Pomeroy, Constitutional 
Law, §§ 25-44, 93-150. — J. I. C. Hare, Constitutional Law, 

I, 30, 134. — W. 0. Bateman, Constitutional Law, 137-142. 
Additional Cases. — Keith v. Clark, 97 U. S., 454. — 

Gibbons v. Ogden, 9 Wheaton, 1; 6 Curtis, 1; Thayer, 
Cases, 730, 1799; McClain, Cases, 235; Boyd, Cases, 172; 
John Marshall, Writings, 287. — White v. Hart, 13 Wallace, 
646; Thayer, Cases, 259. 

Additional Historical Discussions. — J. Schouler, 
United States, I, 432-436. — J. B. McMaster, United States, 

II, 418-423. — J. T. Morse, Thomas Jefferson, 172, 173.— 
J. J. Lalor, Cyclopaedia, II, 234, 1050-1055; III, 734, re- 
printed in A. Johnston, Political Hist. (Woodburn ed.), I, 
ch. X. 

Specimen Questions. — (1) Could Virginia declare a 
federal law to be null and void in Massachusetts? — (2) Did 
"interposition" mean the use of force against the federal 
government? — (3) Did the Virginia and Kentucky Reso- 
lutions tend to improve the federal government? 

§ 142. No. 8. Jeffersonian Democracy. 

Bibliography. — Manual, §§ 35, 36. 

Select Historical Discussions. — H. Adams, United 
States, I, 140-148, 170, 171, 178-180, 185-217, 247-263, 272, 
277, 445; III, 1-9. — E. Channing, Jeffersonian System 
{Am. Nation, XII), chs. i, ii, v, xvi, xvii. — J. T. Morse, 
Thomas Jefferson, chs. iii, vii, viii, xi-xviii. — J. Schouler, 
United States, I, 63-65, 173-179, 423, 424, 474; II, 1-12, 58, 
59, 69, 80-89, 199-204; H. C. Merwin, Thomas Jefferson; 
J. W. Wayland, Political Opinions of Thomas Jefferson. 



240 CLASS-ROOM PAPERS [§ 142 

Sources. — Jefferson's First Inaugural, T. Jefferson, 
Works, VIII, 1; A. Johnston, Am. Orations, I, 155; J. D. 
Richardson, Messages and Papers, I, 321; Contemporaries, III, 
§ 106. — Jefferson's political opinions, Massachusetts Hist. 
Society, Collections, 7th ser., I, 149-218; J. D. Richardson, 
Messages and Papers, I, 324-461; T. Jefferson, Works 
(Washington ed.), II, 99, 104, 165, 327; III, 81; VIII, 42. 
148. — Draft of Declaration of Independence, Am. Hist. 
Leaflets, No. 11; T. Jefferson, Works (Washington ed.), I, 26. 
— Detailed views in Works (Ford ed.), I. 440; III. 225; IV, 
269, 426, 476; V, 8, 147, 156, 158, 205, 28.5-289; VI, 189; VII, 

4, 78, 173, 284, 374, 390; VIII, 18, 73, 186; (Washington ed.), 
II, 100, 105, 122, 166, 221, 249, 253, 330; III, 3, 81, 313; 
IV, 114, 115, 268, 452, 523, 548; VI, 45, 160, 222, 254, 305, 
340, 360, 381, 543, 605; VII, 9, 12, 18, 75, 290, 319, 376, 
389; VIII, 222, 413, 543. 589, 604; IX, 96, 122. — S. E. 
Forman, Life of Jefferson, 138, 140, 145, 155, 169, 174, 
190, 191, 201, 215, 217, 218, 220, 232-235, 272-281, 306- 

,308, 366-368, 379-390, 397-399. — Source-Book, §§ 58, 73, 
77-81, 89. — Contemporaries, III, §§ 107-110. 

Additional Historical Discussions. — H. Von Hoist, 
United States, I, 31, 72, 143-146, 154, 168-200.— J. Schouler, 
Thomas Jefferson, chs. v-xii. — G. Tucker, Thomas Jefferson, I, 
229-232, 252-256, 274-282, 333, 334, 444-449; II, 322-325, 
507. — J. Bryce, Am. Commonwealth, II, 6-12. — Goldwin 
Smith, United States, 135-139, 155-165. — J. H. Patton, 
Democratic Party, 168-171; R. H. Gillet, Democracy in the 
U. S., 13-38. — E. M. Shepard, Martin Van Buren, ch. I.— 
E. Stanwood, Hist, of the Presidency , ch. vi. — S. H. Gay, 
James Madison, ch. xvi. — H. C. Lodge, George Cabot, 422- 
442, 468-473, 494, 495. 

Periodical Articles. — W. E. Russell, Jefferson and 
his Party Today (Forum, XXI, 513). — W. J. Bryan, Jeffer- 
sonian Principles (North Am. Review, CLXVIII, 670). — 

5. Fowler, Political Opinions of Thomas Jefferson (North 



§ 1431 HISTORICAL 241 

Am. Review, CI, 313-335). — G. P. Fisher, Jefferson and 
the Social Compact Theory {Yale Review, II, 403). — C. 
E. Merriam, Thomas Paine's Political Theories (Pol. Sci. 
Quarterhj, XIV, 389). 

Specimen Questions. — (1) Would Jefferson have ap- 
proved of manhood suffrage in our cities? — (2) Did Jef- 
ferson believe in the use of force for the defence of a gov- 
ernment? — (3) Would Jefferson have approved of the 
boss system in cities? — (4) Was Jefferson a socialist? 

§ 143. Paper No. 9. Internal Improvements. 

Bibliography.— Manua/, §§ 37, 40, 119, 120, 123, 124, 138, 
148, 161. 

Select Constitutional Discussions. — J. D. Andrews, 
Am. Law, ch. xx. — H. Von Hoist, United States, I, 388- 
396. — J. Story, Commentaries, §§ 1124-1150, 1272-1277.— 
E. C. Mason, Veto Power, §§ 83-97. 

Select Cases. — Oilman v. Philadelphia, 3 Wallace, 
713; Thayer, Cases, 1912. — California v. Pacific Railroad, 
127 U. S., 39; Thayer, Cases, 1394; McClain, Cases, 167.— 
Luxton V. North River Bridge Co., 153 U. S., 525; Thayer, 
Cases, 2160. — Kansas v. Colorado, 206 U. S., 46. 

Select Historical Discussions. — A. B. Hart, Na- 
tional Ideals {Am. Nation, XXVI), ch. xv. — K. C. Babcock, 
Rise of Am. NationM,lity {Am. Nation, XIII), ch. xv. — F. 
J. Turner, Rise of the New West {Am. Nation, XIV), chs. 
xiii, xvii. — W. MacDonald, Jacksonian Democracy {Am. 
Nation, XV), ch. viii; J. S. Young, Cumberland Road. 

Sources. — U. S. Constitution: Art. I, sect. 8, §§1, 3, 7, 
12; Art. IV, sect. 3, § 2. — Contemporaries, III, §131.— 
Debates in the Federal Convention, J. Elliot, Debates, V, 
543-545. — Hamilton's suggestions (1791), Annals of Con- 
gress, 2 Cong., 1015, 1016. — Ohio Act (1802), (sect. 7, 
No. 3); U. S. Statutes at Large, II, 175. — Cumberland Road 
act (March 29, 1806), Ibid., 357. — Jefferson's message 



242 CLASS-ROOM PAPERS [§ 143 

(Dec. 2, 1806), Statesman's Manual, 1, 190, 191; Annals of 
Congress, 9 Cong., 2 sess., 14, 15; J. D. Richardson, Mes- 
sages and Papers, I, 409, 410. — Gallatin's report (April 4, 
1808), Am. State Papers, Miscellaneous, I, 724. — Latrobe's 
reports (March 16, April 1, 1808), Ibid., 910. — Madi- 
son's veto (March 3, 1817), Annals of Congress, 14 Cong., 
2 sess., 1059; Senate Journal, 14 Cong., 2 sess., 406; J. D. 
Richardson, Messages and Papers, I, 584. — Monroe's veto 
(May 4, 1822), Annals of Congress, 17 Cong., 1 sess., 1809- 
1863; Statesman's Manual, I, 492-512; II, 513-534; J. D. 
Richardson, Messages and Papers, II, 144-183. — Jack- 
son's veto (May 27, 1830), Statesman's Manual, II, 719- 
728; House Journal, 21 Cong., 1 sess., 733-742; J. D. Rich- 
ardson, Messages and Papers, 11, 483-493. — Vetoes by 
Arthur (1882) and Cleveland (1896), J. D. Richardson, Mes- 
sages and Papers, VIII, 130; IX, 677-679. — Other messages 
of Monroe, J. D. Richardson, Messages, II, 18, 142; of Jack- 
son, Ibid., II, 451, 508, 601, 638; III, 118; of J. Q. Adams, 
Ibid., II, 388, 416; of Tyler, Ibid., IV, 330; of Polk, Ibid., 
IV, 460, 610, 656; of Pierce, Ibid., V, 218, 256, 257, 386- 
388; of Fillmore, Ibid., V, 90; of Buchanan, Ibid., V, 599; 
of Arthur, Ibid., VIII, 59, 120, 137. — Debates of 1817, 
Annals of Congress, 14 Cong., 2 sess., 851-923; T. H. Ben- 
ton, Abridgment, V, 676, 704-711. — House Resolutions of 
March 14, 1818: Annals of Congress, 15 Cong., 1 sess., 1381- 
1384. — T. Jefferson, Writings (Washington ed.), IV, 131, 
449, 478; VII, 77-79; IX, 496-500. — A. Gallatin, Writ- 
ings, 1, 395, 396. — Contemporaries, III, § 131. 

Additional Constitutional Discussions. — T. M. Cool- 
ey. Constitutional Law, 107, 108. — J. N. Pomeroy, Con- 
stitutional Law, §§ 382, 412. — H. Von Hoist, Constitutional 
Law, §41. — H. C. Black, Constitutional Law, 213-216. 
— J. R. Tucker, Constitution, § 276. — J. I. C. Hare, 
Constitutional Law, I, 485-487. — F. Wharton, Commen- 
taries, §§446, 447. — W.' 0. Bateman, Constitutional Law, 



§ 144] HISTORICAL 243 

§227. — Prentice and Egan, Commerce Clause, 107-112, 
313-315. — H. Clay, Life and Speeches, I, 300-320. — J. C. 
•Calhoun, Works, II, 186-197. — T. H. Benton, Thirty 
Years' View, I, 21-27. 

Additional Cases. — Stockton v. Baltimore & New York 
R. R. Co., 32 Fed., 9; Thayer, Cases, 2067n. — Searight v. 
Stokes, 3 Howard, 151; 15 Curtis, 346. — Pensacola Tele- 
graph Co. V. Western Union Telegraph Co., 96 U. S., 1; 
Thayer, Cases, 1985; McClain, Cases, 252; Boyd, Cases, 255. 
— Miller v. Mayor of New York, 109 U. S., 385. — Wis- 
consin V. Duluth, 96 U. S., 379. 

Additional Historical Discussions. — A. B. Hart, 
Practical Essays, No. 9. — E. R. Johnson, River and Har- 
bor Bills {Annals Am. Acad. Pol. Sci., II, 782). — H. S. 
Tanner, Memoir on Internal Improvements. — J. J. Lalor, 
Cyclopaedia, I, 609, II, 568-570. — The Old National Pike 
(Harper's Magazine, LIX, 801). — D. C. Oilman, James 
Monroe, 152-182. — H. Adams, Albert Gallatin, 351, 352. — 
H. Von Hoist, John C. Calhoun, 28-41. — W. G. Sumner, 
Andrew Jackson, 191-194. — J. W. Burgess, Middle Period, 
14-18, 116-122, 155-157, 166-170. — W. M. Meigs, Growth 
•of the Constitution, 306, 307. 

Specimen Questions. — (1) May Congress improve a 
■waterway wholly within a State, without the consent of 
that State? — (2) May Congress construct irrigation can- 
als? — (3) May Congress construct and operate grain ele- 
vators at tide- water terminals? 

§ 144. Paper No. 10. Impairpaent of Contracts. 

Bibliography. — Guide, § 175. 

Select Constitutional Discussions. — T. M. Cooley, 
'Constitutional Limitations, 383-416. — J. N. Pomeroy, Con- 
stitutional Law, §§538-627. — W. A. Sutherland, Notes on 
the Constitution, 263-443. — E. McClain, Constitutional Law, 
^§264-269. 



244 CLASS-ROOM PAPERS [§ 144 

Select Cases. — Dartmouth College v. Woodward, 4 
Wheaton, 518; 4 Curtis, 463; Thayer, Cases, 1564; McClain, 
Cases, 1006; Boyd, Cases, 412; John Marshall, Writings, 
188-210. — Fletcher v. Peck, 6 Cranch, 87; 2 Curtis, 328; 
Thayer, Cases, 114; Boyd, Cases, 395; John Marshall, Writ- 
ings, 126. — Beers v. Arkansas, 20 Howard, 527; Thayer, 
Cases, 1556. — Beer Co. v. Massachusetts, 97 U. S., 25; 
Thayer, Cases, 757; McClain, Cases, 1014. — Vicksburg v. 
Vicksburg Waterworks Co., 202 U. S., 453. 

Sources. — U. S. Constitution : Art. I, sect. 8, c. 18; 
sect. 10, c. 1; Art. Ill, sect. 2, c. 1; Art. VI, c. 2; 
Amend. XI. — Federalist (Ford ed.), 296; (Scott ed.), 42, 
248. — T. Jefferson, Writings (Washington ed.), VI, 460- 
463. — Webster's Argument in Dartmouth College Case, 
Works, V, 462. 

Additional Constitutional Discussions. — H. C. Black, 
Constitutional Law, ch. xxi. — H. C. Black, Constitutional 
Prohibitions, Part i. — T. M. Cooley, Constitutional 
Law, 328-345. —E. Freund, Police Power, §§555-582, 
674—681. — J. I. C. Hare, Constitutional Law, I, 575-745. 
— S. F. Miller, Constitution, ch. xi. — C. S. Patterson, 
U. S. and States, ch. v. — J. Story, Commentaries, §§ 1374- 
1400. — J. R. Tucker, Constitution, II, 828-840. — F. 
Wharton, Commentaries, §§477-501. — J. B. Thayer, Case 
of Gelpcke v. Dubuque {Harvard Law Rev., IV, 311). — 
Charles Doe, New View of the Dartmouth College Case 
{Harvard Law Rev., VI, 161, 213). — W. H. Rand, Jr., 
Swift V. Tyson versus Gelpcke v. Dubuque {Harvard Law 
Rev., VIII, 328). 

Additional Cases. — Railway Co. v. Rock, 4 Wall., 177; 
Thayer, Cases, 1534. — Eustis v. Bolles, 150 U. S., 361; 
Thayer, Cases, 1538. — Gelpcke v. Dubuque, 1 Wallace, 175; 
Thayer, Cases, 1541; McClain, Cases, 802. — Louisiana v. 
Jumel, 107 U. S., 711; Thayer, Cases, 1559. — New Jersey v. 
Wilson, 7 Cranch, 164; Thayer, Cases, 1561. — Sturges v. 



§ 144] HISTORICAL 245 

Crowninshield, 4 Wheaton, 122; 4 Curtis, 362; Thayer, 
Cases, 1582; McClain, Cases, 438; Boyd, Cases, 405; John 
Marshall, Writings, 147. — Ogden v. Saunders, 12 Wheaton, 
213; 7 Curtis, 132; Thayer, Cases, 1590; Boyd, Cases, 431; 
John Marshall, Writings, 624. — Satterlee v. Matthewson, 
2 Peters, 380; 8 Curtis, 147; Thayer, Cases, 1617. — Provi- 
dence Bank v. Billings, 4 Peters, 514; 9 Curtis, 171; Thayer, 
Cases, 1623; McClain, Cases, lOUn; Boyd, Cases, 459.— 
Charles River Bridge i\ Warren Bridge, 11 Peters, 420; 12 
Curtis, 496; Thayer, Cases, 1628; Boyd, Cases, 451.— 
Bronson v. Kinzie, 1 Howard, 311; 14 Curtis, 628; Thayer, 
Cases, 1645; McClain, Cases, 1028. — Von Hoffman v. Quincy, 
4 Wallace, 535; Thayer, Cases, 1654. — Mobile & Ohio 
R. R. Co. V. Tennessee, 153 U. S., 486; Thayer, Cases, 1684. — 
Tomlinson v. Jessup, 15 Wallace, 454; Thayer, Cases, 1690. — 
Sinking Fund Cases, 99 U. S., 700; Thayer, Cases, 1693.— 
Greenwood v. Freight Co., 105 U. S., 13; Thayer, Cases, 
1710. — Bridge Co. v. United States, 105 U. S., 470; Thayer, 
Cases, 1719. — Railroad Commission Cases, 116 U. S., 307; 
Thayer, Cases, 1733. — N. Y., L. E., & W. R. R. Co. v. 
Pennsylvania, 153 U. S., 628; Thayer, Cases, 1741.— 
Reagan v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co., 154 U. S., 362; 
Thayer, Cases, 1745. — The Binghamton Bridge, 3 Wal- 
lace, 51; Thayer, Cases, 1753. — Fertilizing Co. v. Hyde 
Park, 97 U. S., 659; Thayer, Cases, 1762. — Stone v. Miss- 
issippi, 101 U. S., 814; Thayer, Cases, 1771; McClain, Cases, 
1016n. — Butchers' Union Co. v. Crescent City Co., Ill 
U. S. 746; Thayer, Cases, 537. — New Orleans Gas Co. v. 
Louisiana Light Co., 115 U. S., 650; Thayer, Cases, 1773; 
McClain, Cases, 1017n. — Illinois Central R. R. v. Illinois, 
146 U. S., 387; Thayer, Cases, 1718. — Watson v. Mercer, 8 
Peters, 88; 11 Curtis, 38; Thayer, Cases, 1443. — Woodruff v. 
Trapnall, 10 Howard, 190; 18 Curtis, 358; McClain, Cases, 
998. — Antoni v. Greenhow, 114 U. S., 270; McClain, Cases, 
469w. — Wilson v. Standefer, 184 U. S., 399. — Northern 



246 CLASS-ROOM PAPERS [§ 14^ 

Central R. R. Co. v. Maryland, 187 U. S., 258. — Wright v. 
Minnesota Mutual Life Ins. Co., 193 U. S., 657. — Hooker v. 
Burr, 194 U. S., 415. — Union Pacific R. R. Co. v. Mason 
City & Ft. Dodge Ry. Co., 199 U. S., 160. — Manigault v. 
Springs, 199 U. S., 473. 

Additional Historical Discussions. — H. C. Lodge, 
Daniel Webster, 72-98. — G. Van Santvoord, Lives of Chief 
Justices, 411-413, 450-459. — W. W. Story, Joseph Story, 
I, 321-322. — G. T. Curtis, Daniel Webster, I, 162-171.— 
W. G. Sumner, Andrew Jackson, 128-130. — J. J. Lalor, 
Cijclopoedia, III, 1129, 1130. — W. M. Meigs, Growth of the 
Constitution, 182-186, 311. — S. G. Fisher, Evolution of the 
Constitution, 262-264. 

Specimen Questions. — (l)May Congress pass a bank- 
ruptcy law applying to debts contracted before the date of 
the act? — (2) May a State revoke the charter of a rail- 
road? — (3) May a State pass an act repudiating the pay- 
ment of its debts? 

§ 145. Paper No. 11. Application of the Monroe Doctrine. 

Bibliography. — ikfariwa/, §§37, 38, 77, 86, 121, 122, 
175, 183, 186, 196. 

Select Historical Discussions. — J. B. Moore, Digest, 
VI, §§944-967; W. F. Reddaway, Monroe Doctrine. — J. 
B. McMaster, With the Fathers, 1-54. — A. B. Hart, Mon- 
roe Doctrine in its Territorial Extent and Application. — 
A. B. Hart, Foundations, ch. vii. 

Sources. — U. S. Constitution, Art. I, sect. 7, § 1; sect. 8^ 
§§ 3, 10-15, 18; sect. 9, §§ 1, 6, 7; sect. 10; Art. II, sect. 1, 
§ 1; sect. 2; Art. Ill, sect. 2, §§ 1, 2; Art. VI, §§ 1, 2. — 
Washington's Farewell Address, Am. State Papers, For- 
eign, I, 34-38; J. D. Richardson, Messages and Papers, 1, 
213-224. — Spanish Am. Colonies, Am. State Papers, Foreign, 
III, 538-545; State Papers, 15 Cong., 2 sess.. No. 48; J. D. 
Richardson, Messages and Papers, II, 218; Am. Hist. Leaf- 
lets, No. 4. 



§ 145] HISTORICAL 247 

Message of 1823. — Contemporaries, III, §§ 147-150; IV, 
§§179-195. — W. C. Ford, John Quincy Adams and the 
Monroe Doctrine (Mass. Hist. Soc. Proceedings, Jan., 1902). — 
Old South Leaflets, No. 56. — W. MacDonalcl, Select Docu- 
ments, No. 43. — J. D. Richardson, Messages and Papers, II, 
207-220. — R. Rush, Memoirs of a Residence at the Court 
of London, 391-475. — J. Q. Adams, Memoirs, VI, 163, 
177-180, 186-198, 202, 207. — T. Jefferson, Writings 
(Washington ed.), VII, 315-317. — J. Madison, Writings, 
III, 339-355. 

Later Applications. — Presidential Messages, J. D. 
Richardson, Messages and Papers, I, 183, 221, 361, 488; II, 
105, 116, 218, 260, 319, 334, 512; IV, 398, 512, 540, 582; 
VII, 61, 100, 129; IX, 632, 655. — Panama Congress, 
House Executive Documents, 19 Cong., 1 sess., No. 137; 
19 Cong., 2 sess.. No. 23. — Mexico and Yucatan, J. K. 
Polk in J. D. Richardson, Messages and Papers, IV, 385- 
416, 471-506, 581-583. — Isthmian Canal, Senate Execu- 
tive Documents, 32 Cong., 1 sess.. No. 7; Am. Hist. Leaflets, 
No. 4. — Central American Question, House Executive 
Documents, 34 Cong., 1 sess., No. 1. — Mexican Affairs 
(1865-1867), House Executive Documents, 39 Cong., 1 sess., 
Nos. 6, 20, 56, 73, 93, 137; 39 Cong., 2 sess.. No. 76; 40 
Cong., 1 sess.. No. 20. — Cuba (1868-1870), Senate Execu- 
tive Documents, 41 Cong., 1 sess.. No. 99. — Venezuelan 
Question (1895), Senate Documents, 54 Cong., 1 sess. (1895- 
1896), Nos. 31, 189, 195, 804, 806; Senate Documents, 58 
Cong., 2 sess., No. 316. — ^m. Hist. Leaflets, No. 2. — W. 
MacDonald, Select Documents, No. 89. 

Additional Legal Discussions. — C. Calvo, Droit In- 
ternational, I, 266, 355. — T. J. Lawrence, Principles of 
International Law, 131-135, 247-251. — R. Phillimore, /n-" 
ternational Law, I, 433-483. — R. H. Dana, Wheaton's 
International Law, 97-113. — F. Wharton, •Commentaries, 
§§ 174, 175. — D. Webster, Works, III, 178, 201-207. 



248 CLASS-ROOM PAPERS [§ 145 

Additional Historical Discussions. — J. H. Latane, 
Diplomatic Relations of Latin America. — A. T. Mahan, Les- 
sons of the War with Spain, 207-241. — J. B. Moore, Am. 
Diplomacy, 131-168. — T. Roosevelt, Am. Ideals, 228-246. 
— G. F. Tucker, Monroe Doctrine. — J. Schouler, United 
States, III, 280-304, 329-332, 358-366; IV, 532, 533; V, 
219, 311-315; VI, 427-436, 535, 621, 622. — J. F. Rhodes, 
United States, VI, 205-211. — F. J. Turner, Rise of the New 
West (Am. Nation, XIV), ch. xii. — E. B. Andrews, Last 
Quarter Century, II, ch. i. — D. C. Oilman, James Monroe, 
159-179. —J. T. Morse, John Quincy Adams, 129-149.— 
T. K. Lothrop, IF. H. Seward, 387-395. — F. Bancroft, IF. 
H. Seward, II, 419-442. — J. B. Moore, A Hundred Years of 
American Diplomacy (Harvard Law Review, XIV, 165). — 
T. B. Edgington, Monroe Doctrine. — J. W. Foster, Century 
of Am. Diplomacy, ch. xii. — S. M. Hamilton, Monroe 
Doctrine. — J. A. Kasson, Evolution of the Constitution, 
221-273. 

Specimen Questions. — (1) Was the attempt to con- 
struct a Panama canal by a French company contrary to 
the Monroe Doctrine? — (2) Would a German protectorate 
of Brazil be contrary to the Monroe Doctrine? — (3) Would 
an independent Canadian kingdom be contrary to the 
Monroe Doctrine? 

§ 146. Paper No. 12. State Authority over Local and Municipal 
Governments. 

Bibliography. — Manual, § 207. 

Select Discussions. — J. A. Fairlie, Local Government, 
Part iv, 215-272. — F. J. Goodnow, Municipal Problems, chs. 
ii, iii, iv. — F. J. Goodnow, City Government in the U. S., 
chs. ii-iv. — II. S. Abbott, Municipal Corporations, §§11, 
82-97. — A. M. Eaton, Right to Local Self Government (Har- 
vard Law Review), XIII, 441, 570, 638; XIV, 20, 116; XV, 
468. — H. Hubbard, Special Legislation for Municipalities 
(Harvard Law Review, XVIII, 588). 



§ 146] HISTORICAL 249 

Select Cases. — Berlin v. Gorham, 34 N. H., 262; 
Smith, Cases, 1. — Laramie County v. Albany County, 92 
U. S., 307; Smith, Cases, 3. — People v. Draper, 15 N. Y., 
532. — People v. Hurlbut, 24 Mich., 44; Smith, Cases, 27. 

— Wisconsin v. Haben, 22 Wis., 660; Smith, Cases, 37.— 
San Antonio Traction Co. v. Altgelt, 200 U. S., 304. 

Additional Discussions. — F. J. Goodnow, Adminis- 
trative Law of the U. S., Bk. Ill, chs. i, iii, iv. — F. J. Good- 
now, Municipal Home Rule, chs. ii-v. — J. F. Dillon, Muni- 
cipal Corporations, §§37-80.- — ^ J. D. Andrews, Am. Law, 
§§420-438, 450-460. — H. C. Black, Constitutional Law, 
§§184, 185. — T. M. Cooley, Constitutional Limitations, 
261-269, 334-355, 364n. — T. M. Cooley, Constitutional Law, 
378-381. — J. A. Fairlie, Municipal Administration, ch. v. 

— A. B. Hart, Actual Government, chs. x, xi, esp. § 89. — 
W. A. Sutherland, Notes on the Constitution, 309, 315-329. 

— R. L. Ashley, Am. Federal State, §§ 46&-470. 
Additional Federal Cases. — Commissioners v. Lucas, 

93 U. S., 108. — Mt. Pleasant v. Beckwith, 100 U. S., 514. — 
Railroad Co. v. Ellerman, 105 U. S., 166. — Cargill v. Duffy, 
123 Fed., 721. — Columbus v. Union Pacific R. R. Co., 137 
Fed., 869; 70 C. C. A., 207. — Memphis v. Postal Telegraph 
& Cable Co., 145 Fed., 602. 

Additional State Cases. — Warren v. Mayor of Charles- 
town, 2 Gray (Mass.), 104. — Mills v. Williams, 11 Iredell, 
558. — State v. Curran, 7 English, 321. — Fire Depart- 
ment V. Kip, 10 Wendell (N. Y.), 267. — People v. Morris, 
13 Wendell (N. Y.), 337. — Chandler v. Boston, 112 Mass., 
200; Smith, Coses, 2. — McKim v. Odom, 3 Bland., 407.— 
St. Louis V. Allen, 13 Mo., 400. — The Schools v. Tatman, 
13 111., 27. — Yarmouth v. Skillings, 45 Me., 141. — Wind- 
ham V. Portland, 4 Mass., 389. — School Soc. v. School 
Soc, 14 Conn., 469. — Montpelier v. East Montpelier, 29 
Vt., 20. — Waring v. Mayor, 24 Ala., 701. — Russel v. Reed, 
27 Penn. St., 170. — Bristol v. New Chester, 3 N. H., 534. — 



250 CLASS-ROOM PAPERS [§ 145 

Johnson v. City of San Diego, 109 Cal., 468; Smith, Cases, 
9. — Bloomfield v. Glen Ridge. 55 N. J. Eq., 276; Smith,, 
Cases, 14. — Indianapolis v. Center Township, 143 Ind., 
391; Smith, Cases, 19. — State v. Williams, 68 Conn., 131; 
Smith, Cases, 21. — Norwich v. County Commissioners, 13 
Pick. (Mass.), 60. — Rochester v. Roberts, 29 N. H., 360. 

— Philadelphia v. Field, 55 Penn. State, 320. — Simon v. 
Northup, 25 Ore., 487; 40 Pac, 560. — People v. Flagg, 
46 N. Y., 401. — Commonwealth v. Plaisted, 148 Mass., 
375; 19 N. E., 224. — Darlington v. Mayor of New York, 
31 N. Y., 164; Smith, Cases, 40. — Proprietors of Mt. Hope 
Cemetery v. Boston, 158 Mass., 509; Smith, Cases, 46. 

Specimen Questions. — (1) May a city ordinance be 
rescinded by the state legislature? — (2) Should local 
financial officers be subject to the supervision of a state 
treasurer? — (3) Should city charters be irrepealable with- 
out the consent of a majority of the voters in the city? 

§ 147. Paper No. 13. Jacksonian Democracy. 
Bibliography. — Mawwai, §§ 39, 40, 142; Guide, § 181. 
Select Discussions. — W. G. Brown, Andrew Jackson, 

— W. MacDonald, Jacksonian Democracy {Am. Nation, XV), 
ch. xviii. — H. C. Peck, Jacksonian Epoch, chs. iv-viii. — 
J. W. Burgess, Middle Period, 163-241. — J. Parton, Andrew 
Jackson. — A. D. Morse, Political Influence of Andrew 
Jackson {Pol. Sci. Quarterly, I, 153-162). 

Sources. — Characteristic Writings of Jackson, J. Par- 
ton, Andrew Jackson, II, 433, 518-528, 552, 584, 671; III, 
34-36, 40-43, 72, 73, 75, 112, 186, 196, 225, 294, 330-332, 
347-359, 370, 515, 624, 638, 662; J. D. Richardson, Messages 
and Papers, II, 436 (first inaugural), 447-463, 500, 544, 576, 
591; III, 3 (second inaugural), 3-308, esp. 19, 97, 147, 171, 
292. — W. MacDonald, Select Documents, Nos. 46, 50-52, 
54, 55, 57, 62, 64, 65. — ylm. History Leaflets, No. 24.— 



§ 147] HISTORICAL 251 

Contemporaries, III, §§ 158-164. — C. A. Davis, Letters of J. 
Downing, Major. — J. Q. Adams, Memoirs, VIII-X, passim. 

— D. Webster, Works, I, 237, 267, 292, 345, 360, 364, 421; 
II, 11, 12, 315; III, 416; IV, 103, 351, 477. — M. Chev- 
alier, Society in the U. S., chs. xvi, xvii. — A. de Tocque- 
ville. Democracy in America, ch. xiii. — Clay in C. Colton, 
Private Correspondence of Henry Clay; H. Clay, Works, IV, 
chs. vii-xi; C. Colton, Life and Times of Henry Clay, I, II. 

— A. Kendall, Autobiography, chs. xii-xv. — B. P. Poore, 
Perley's Reminiscences, 1, chs. vi, vii, x-xiii. — J. Quincy, 
Figures of the Past, 352-375. — T. H. Benton, Speech on 
the Expunging Resolution in A. Johnston, Am. Orations, I, 
320. 

Additional Discussions. — H. Von Hoist, Constitu- 
tional Hist., II, ch. i. — Goldwin Smith, United States, 191- 
206. — R. H. Gillet, Democracy in the United States, 67, 68, 
133-145. — W. G. Sumner, Andrew Jackson, chs. vii-xvi. — 
G. Tucker, United States, IV, chs. xxvi-xxix. — T. H. 
Benton, Thirty Years' View, I, 119-734. — J. Schouler, 
United States, IV, chs. xiii, xiv. — J. B. McMaster, United 
States, V, ch. lii; VI, chs. liv, Iv, Ivii, lix. — C. Schurz, 
Henry Clay, chs. ix-xviii. — J. T. Morse, John Quincy 
Adams, 158-163, 169-175, 184-187, 195-242. — N. Sar- 
gent, Public Men and Events, I, 35-41, 56-74, 137, 141- 
146, 151-349. — H. A. Wise, Seven Decades, chs. v, vii. 

— A. C. McLaughlin, Lewis Cass, ch. v. — G. T. Curtis, 
Daniel Webster, 1, chs. xvi-xx. — A. Kendall, Andrew 
Jackson. 

Specimen Questions. — (1) Did Jackson believe that 
the President could construe the Constitution contrary to 
a decision of the Supreme Court? — (2) Was Jackson re- 
sponsible for the spoils system in national politics? — (3) 
* Was Jackson an advocate of the smallest possible action of 
national government? 



252 CLASS-ROOM PAPERS [§ 148 

§ 148. Paper No. 14. Political and Constitutional Issues of 
Protection. 

Bibliography. — ManwaZ, §§117, 118, 138, 143, 161, 
220, 221; Guide, §§ 158, 185, 195. 

Select Constitutional Discussions. — J. Story, Com- 
mentaries, §§1077-1097. — J. I. C. Hare, Constitutional 
Law, I, 133, 244, 271-281. — G. T. Curtis, Constitutional 
Hist., II, ch. vii. 

Select Historical Discussions. — W. Hill, First Stages 
of Tariff Policy of the U. S. — W. McKinley, The Tariff in 
the Days of Henry Clay and Since. — F. W. Taussig, Tariff 
History of the U. S. — D. R. Dewey, Financial Hist, of the 
U. S., §§ 35, 36, 73, 78-84, 102, 107, 113, 127, 167, 180, 
187, 192, 196. — Chapters on the tariff in The American 
Nation, as follows: (1789) J. S. Bassett, Federalist System 
(Am. Nation, XI), ch. ii; (1816), K. C. Babcock, Rise of Am. 
Nationality (Am. Nation, XIII), ch. xiv; (1820-1828), F. J. 
Turner, Rise of the New West (Am. Nation, XIV), chs. xiv, 
xix; (1832-1833), W. MacDonald, Jacksonian Democracy 
(Am. Nation, XV), chs. v, ix; (1846), G. P. Garrison, West- 
ward Extension (Am. Nation, XVII), ch. xii; (1866-1883), 
E. E. Sparks, National Development (Am. Nation, XXIII), 
ch. xvii; (1890-1894), D. R. Dewey, National Problems (Am. 
Nation, XXIV), chs. iv, xi, xvii. 

Select Cases. — Field v. Clark, 143 U. S., 649. — U. S. 
V. Realty Co., 163 U. S., 467. — In re Schallenberger, 73 
Fed., 491. 

General Sources. — F. W. Taussig, State Papers and 
Speeches on the Tariff. — A. Johnston, Am. Orations, IV, 
191-269. — U. S. Constitution, Preamble, Art. I, sect. 1; 
sect. 8, §§1, 3; sect. 18. — Federalist (Dawson ed.), 37, 58, 
65, 78, 79, 216, 218; (Ford ed.), 18, 268; (Scott ed.), 168-170. 
— 'A. Hamilton, Report on Manufactures, Works (ed. 1850), 
III, 192-284; (Lodge ed.). Ill, 294-416; Taussig, State 
Papers, 1; W. MacDonald, Select Documents, No. 2. — Act of 



§ 148] HISTORICAL 253 

July 4, 1789, U. S. Statutes at Large, I, 24-37. — Washing- 
ton's opinions, in his Writings, XII, 9, 69, 70. — Jefferson's 
opinions in his Works, V, 415, 417, 440; VI, 431, 521-523; 
VII, 427. — Opinion of Madison in his W^ritings, I, 479- 
483; III, 42, 43; J. Elliot, Debates, IV, 600. — Clay's 
Speeches, F. W. Taussig, State Papers, 252; A. Johnston, 
Am. Orations, IV, 191-202; D. Mallory, Life and Speeches 
of Henry Clay, I, 195, 289, 405, 440, 582, 586; II, 5, 106, 
122, 139, 532. — Webster's Speeches, Works, III, 94, 228, 
304; IV, 528; V, 161-243. —A. Gallatin, Free Trade Me- 
morial in F. W. Taussig, State Papers, 108. — Walker's 
Report of 1845, in F. W. Taussig, State Papers, 2U. — Protest 
of South Carolina, J. Elliot, Debates, IV, 580. — F. H. Hurd's 
Speech in A. Johnston, Am. Orations, IV, 238. — Calhoun's 
Opinions, Works, II, 163-173; VI, 2-29. — Clay's Report 
of 1830, in T. H. Benton, Abridgment, XI, 446. — Jack- 
son's views, J. D. Richardson, Messages and Papers, II, 
514, 601; III, 56, 161; Contemporaries, III, §§ 22, 78, 130; 
IV, § 166. 

Additional Constitutional Discussions. — J. R. Tucker, 
Constitution, 1, 498-502. — F.Wharton, Commentaries, §§ 414, 
415. -<^R. L. Ashley, Am. Federal State, §§606-610. 

Additional Cases. — Allen v. Smith, 173 U. S., 389. — 
Calder v. Henderson, 54 Fed., 802; 4 C. C. A., 584. — Bar- 
row V. Milliken, 74 Fed., 612; 20 C. C. A., 559. 

Additional Historical Discussions. — E. Stanwood, 
Am. Tariff Controversies, 1, ch. ix. — R. W. Thompson, History 
of Protective Tariff Laws. — 0. L. Elliott, Tariff Contro- 
versy.— i. F. Rhodes, United States, I, 194, 422; II, 360, 
464, 479, 480, 480n, 498, 499n; III, 27-38, 58, 59; VI, 219, 
222, 275-280. — H. Von Hoist, Constitutional Hist., I, 
398-405; II, 186-188. — J. Schouler, United States, I, 86- 
90, 186-188; IV, 230. — H. C. Lodge, Daniel Webster, 159- 
171. — H. C. Lodge, Alexander Hamilton, 107-113. — J. W. 
Burgess, Middle Period, ch. viii. — W. G. Sumner, Lectures^ 



254 CLASS-ROOM PAPERS [§ 148 

on the History of Protection, 21-33. — J. G. Blaine, Twenty 
Years of Congress, 1, ch. ix. 

Specimen Questions. — (1) May Congress prohibit the 
exportation of kerosene? — (2) May Congress grant boun- 
ties on the production of wheat? — (3) May Congress remit 
duties on pictures intended to form a municipal art gallery? 

§ 149. Paper No. 15. Doctrine of Nullification. 

Bibliography. — Manual, § 156; Guide, §§ 156, 183,205. 

Select Constitutional Discussions. — G. T. Curtis, 
Constitutional Hist., II, 5, 15-40. — J. N. Pomeroy, Con- 
stitutional Law, §§25-44, 93-150. — C. B. Loring, Nullifi- 
cation and Secession. — A, H. Stephens, War between the 
States, I, 419-446. 

Select Cases. — Texas v. White, 7 Wallace, 700; Thayer, 
Cases, 302; McClain, Cases, 838; Boyd, Cases, 552. — 
McCuUoch V. Maryland, 4 Wheaton, 316; 4 Curtis, 415; 
Thayer, Cases, 271; McClain, Cases, 1; Boyd, Cases, 308. — 
Cohens v. Virginia, 6 Wheaton, 264; 5 Curtis, 82; Thayer, 
Cases, 285. 

Select Historical Discussions. — D, F. Houston, Nul- 
lification in South Carolina. — F. J. Turner, Rise of the 
New West (Am. Nation, XIV), ch. xix. — W. MacDonald, 
Jacksonian Democracy (Am. Nation, XV), chs. v, vi, ix. — 
J. W. Burgess, Middle Period, ch. x. — J. S. Landon, Con- 
stitutional Hist., 187-198. 

Sources. — U. S. Constitution, Preamble; Art. I, sect. 2, 
§ 4; sect. 4, § 1; sect. 8, § 15; sect. 10; Art. Ill, sect. 2, 
§23; sect. 3, § 1; Art. IV; Art. VI; Amends. X; XL — 
Hayne's Speech, Congressional Debates, 21 Cong., 1 sess., 
VI, 43-58; A. Johnston, Am. Orations, I, 233; T. H. 
Benton, Abridgment, X, 423-449. — Webster's Reply, Con- 
gressional Debates, 21 Cong., 1 sess., VI, 58-80; A. John- 
ston, Am. Orations, I, 248; D. Webster, TVorks, III, 
270-342, 449-505. — Comments on Webster's Reply, A. H. 



§ 149] HISTORICAL 255 

Stephens, War between the States, I, 298-355. — Extracts 
from the two speeches, W. MacDonald, Select Documents, 
Nos. 47-49; Contemporaries, III, § 159; Am. Hist. Leaflets, 
No. 30. — Calhoun's South Carolina Exposition, Works, VI, 1. 
— Calhoun's Speech against Webster, A. Johnston, Am. 
Orations, I, 303, Am. Hist Leaflets, No. 30; Contempo- 
raries, III, §161. — Debate on State Rights, J. Elliot, 
Debates, IV, 496. — James Madison, Writings, IV, 18-20, 
44, 80, 102, 196, 224. — Documents in Niles's Register, 
XLIII, suppl. — Ordinance of Nullification, H. W. Preston, 
Documents, 300-303; Niles's Register, XLIII, suppl; W. 
MacDonald, Select Documents, No. 53. — Jackson's Procla- 
mation, J. D. Richardson, Messages and Papers, II, 640; 
J. Elliot, Debates, IV, 582; Niles's Register, XLIII, 260; 
W. MacDonald, Select Documents, No. 55. — Andrew Jack- 
son's Nullification Message, J. D. Richardson, Messages 
und Papers, II, 610. — Letters on the Nullification Move- 
ment (Am. Hist. Rev., VI, 725-765; VII, 92-119). — Fed- 
eralist (Ford ed.), 100-102, 140, 173, 203; (Scott ed.), 247- 
265. 

Additional Constitutional Discussions. — R. Foster, 
Commentaries, I, 125-158. — J. Davis, Confederate Govern- 
ment, I, 184, 221, 222. — J. Story, Commentaries, §§306- 
340, 350-372. — J. I. C. Hare, Constitutional Law, I, 30, 
134. — H. Von Hoist, United States, I, 396-408. — E. P. 
Powell, Nullification and Secession. — T. H. Benton, Thirty 
Years' View, I, 334-362. 

Additional Cases. — Lane County v. Oregon, 7 Wallace, 
71 ; McClain, Cases, 40. — Legal Tender Cases, 12 Wallace. 
457, 554. 

Additional Historical Discussions. — H. Von Hoist, 
John C. Calhoun, 96-103. — T. H. Benton, Thirty Years' 
View, I, 138-149, 167-180, 297-299. — T. Roosevelt, 
Thomas H. Benton, 88-105. — H. C. Lodge, Daniel Webster, 
171-204. — G. T. Curtis, Daniel Webster, I, 351-366.— 



256 CLASS-ROOM PAPERS [§ 149 

J. Schouler, United States, III, 482-488. — H. A. Wise, 
Seven Decades, 121-135. — J. W. Draper, Civil War, I, 
370-380. — E. G. Scott, Reconstruction during Civil War, 3, 
192-205. — J. J. Lalor, Cyclopoedia, II, 234, 1050-1055; III, 
734. — See also A. Johnston, Political Hist. (Woodburn ed.). 
Specimen Questions. — (1) May Congress under any 
circumstances annul a State statute? — (2) Is it treasonable 
to refuse obedience to an act of Congress? — (3) May Con- 
gress compel a State court to permit an appeal to the 
United States Supreme Court? 

§ 150. Paper No. 16. Arguments for and against Slavery. 

Bibliography. — Manual, § § 39, 40, 43, 44, 253. — Guide, 
§§186, 187. — A. B. Hart, Slavery and Abolition {Am. 
Nation, XVI), ch. xxii. 

Select Historical and Economic Discussions. — A. 
B. Hart, Slavery and Abolition (Am. Nation, XVI), chs. 
iv-x, xxi. — F. E. Chadwick, Causes of the Civil War (Am. 
Nation, XIX), chs. i-iii. — J. F. Rhodes, United States, I, 
ch. iv. — H. Von Hoist, United States, I, ch. ix. — J. 
Schouler, United States, II, 239-241; III, ch. xvii; IV, 
203-209. — W. G. Brown, The Lower South. 

Select Contemporary Discussions. — W. G. Simmons 
and others, Pro-Slavery Argument (strong defense). — M. 
Adams, South Side View of Slavery (mild defense). — 
H. R. Helper, Impending Crisis (criticism by a poor white). 

— W. Goodell, Slavery and anti-slavery (strong criticism). 

— Contemporaries, III, §§ 10, 169-184. — Governor McDuf- 
fie in Am. Hist. Leaflets, No. 10 (extreme defense). 

Select Contemporary Descriptions of Slavery. — 
F. L. Olmsted, Seaboard Slave States, chs. iii, viii, x. — 
F. L. Olmsted, Texas Journey, ch. vii. — F. L. Olmsted, 
Back Country, chs. ii, viii, x. — T. Jefferson, Notes on Vir- 
ginia (ed. of 1787), 228-273. — F. Douglass, My Bondage 
and Freedom. — Susan D. Smedes, Memoirs of a Southern 



§ 150] HISTORICAL 257 

Planter. — Contemporaries, I, §§ 86-88; II, §§ 102-108; III, 
§§ 169-173; IV, §§ 23-28. — Source-Book, §§ 94-99. 

Sf:lect Constitutional Discussions. — J. C. Hurd, 
Law of Freedom and Bondage, I, chs. xii-xvi; II, chs. xxv- 
xxxi. — T. R. R. Cobb, Law of Negro Slavenj, 116-225.— 
T. M. Cooley, Constitutional Law, 233-240. — H. Von 
Hoist, John C. Calhoun, 124-183. 

Additional Constitutional and Political Sources. — 
Speeches of John Quincy Adams, J. C. Calhoun, Daniel 
Webster, Wendell Phillips, Charles Sumner, S. P. Chase, 
Edward Everett, S. A. Douglas, J. P. Benjamin, W. H. 
Seward, Abraham Lincoln, in A. Johnston, Am. Orations, 
II, 115, 123, 161, 219, 268; III, 3, 32, 50, 84, 88, 129, 154, 
168, 195. — W. MacDonald, Select Documents, Nos. 4, 
35-40, 69, 78, 82, 85, 93, 96. — G. M. Stroud, Slave Laws. 

Additional Descriptive Sources. — F. Douglass, Life 
and Times. — S. Northrup, Twelve Years a Slave. — J. H. 
Hopkins, View of Slavery. — S. Nott, Slavery and the Remedy. 
— C. Elliot, Sinfulness of American Slavery. — A. Barnes, 
Scriptural View of Slavery. — D. R. Goodwin, Southern 
Slavery in its Present Aspects. — F. A. Kemble, Journal of 
a Residence on a Georgia Plantation. — F. A. Child, Authentic 
Anecdotes of Am. Slavery. 

Select Monographs on Phases of Slavery. — M. G. 
McDougall, Fugitive Slaves. — W. H. Siebert, Underground 
Railroad. — M. Tremaine, Slavery in the District of Colum- 
bia. — W, E. B. DuBois, Suppression of the African Slave 
Trade. — M. B. Hammond, The Cotton Industry. — J. H. 
T. McPherson, Hist, of Liberia. — W. M. Collins, Domestic 
Slave Trade. — S. B. Weeks, Anti-Slavery Sentiment in the 
South. — J. E. Cutler, Lynch Law. 

Additional Constitutional Discussions. — J. Story, 
Commentaries, §§1915-1927. — R. Foster, Commentaries, 
158-163. — J. R. Tucker, Constitution, II, 554, 555, 629- 
634. — J. N. Pomeroy, Constitutional Law, §§116-118. — 
F. Wharton, Commentaries, §§ 181, 182. 



258 CLASS-ROOM PAPERS [§ 150 

Additional Historical Discussions. — J. F. Rhodes, 
United States, I, ch. i. — J. Davis, Confederate Govern- 
ment, 1, chs. i, ii, V. — J. E. Cairnes, Slave Power, chs. ii- 
vi. — H. Greeley, Am. Conflict, I, chs. vi, xvi. — J. Schouler, 
United States, 1, 143-150; II, 57-59, 125-130; III, 133- 
173; IV, 203-224; V, 195-199, 376-381.— H. Von Hoist, 
United States, I, chs. vii-ix; II, chs. ii, iv; III, chs. xvi; 
VI, ch. i. — G. T. Curtis, Constitutional Hist., II, 37, 231- 
256. — G. P. Garrison, Westward Extension {Am. Nation, 
XVII), ch. xix. — J. W. Burgess, Middle Period, chs. iii, 
xi, xviii, xxi. — J. B. McMaster, United States, III, 515- 
527; V, 184-226. — C. Schurz, Henry Clay, chs. viii, xvii, 
xxi, xxvi. — A. B. Hart, Salmon P. Chase, chs. iii, v, x. — 
S. W. McCall, Thaddeus Stevens, 72-88, 129-135, 210-228. 
— T. K. Lothrop, W. H. Seivord, chs. iv, v, vii, x. — J. S. 
Landon, Constitutional Hist., ch. xi. 

Specimen Questions. — (1) Did slavery make more rapid 
the opening of lands to cultivation? — (2) Did slavery pro- 
duce more for the white race in general than they would 
have received under a system of white labor? — (3) Was 
slavery unfavorable to the improvement of agricultural pro- 
cesses on large plantations? 

§ 151. Paper No. 17. Governmental Powers of the States. 

Bibliography. — Manual, § 207. 

Select Constitutional Discussions. — J. R. Tucker, 
Constitution, I, 256-324. — E. McClain, Constitutional Law, 
§§16-22, 173-176. — W. W. Willoughby, Constitutional 
Sijstem, chs. i-x, xix. — T. M. Cooley, Constitutional Limita- 
tions, chs. i, iii-v, xv, xvi. — W. A. Dunning, Reconstruction 
{Am. Nation, XXII), chs. i, iv, vi, xi, xvi. 

Select Cases. — Cohen v. Virginia, 6 Wheaton, 264; 
5 Curtis, 82; Thayer, Cases, 285. — U. S. v. Cruikshank, 
92 U. S., 542; McClain, Cases, 31. — Livingston v. Van 
Ingen, 9 Johnson (N. Y.), 705; Thayer, Cases, 266.— 



§ 151] HISTORICAL 259 

Lane 'County v. Oregon, 7 Wallace, 71; McClain, Cases, 
40. — Kansas v. Colorado, 27 Sup. Ct. Rep., 655; 206 
U. S., 46. 

Sources. — U. S. Constitution, Art. I, sect. 10, Amend. X. 

— Federalist (Scott ed.), 93, 254-265; (Ford ed.), 87-105, 
197-200, 310-319. — Messages of the Presidents, in J. D. 
Richardson, Messages and Papers, I, 409, 456, 489, 490, 
555, 584; II, 18, 142, 144; V, 431, 450, 497, 543, 553, 599, 
608, 614, 619, 626, 639, 655; VI, 5, 20, 68, 73, 85, 134; 
VIII, 375, 407, 411, 557, 778, 827, 837; IX, 492, 598, 677. 

Additional Constitutional Discussions. — T. M. 
€ooley, Constikitional Law, 29-32, 36, 37, 70, 83, 91, 92, 
132-134, 161-163, 187-217, 250-263, 338-342, 363-377, 
381-390. — R. Foster, Commentaries, I, 273-278. — W. 0. 
Bateman, Constitutional Law, §§ 134-136, 189-192, 300-301. 

— H. C. Black, Constitutional Law, chs. ii, xi, xiii. — J. D. 
Andrews, Am. Law, §§ 125-127, 149, 150, 153-161, 236, 
384-386. — A. B. Hart, Actual Government, §§ 53-58. — 
J. I. C. Hare, Constitutional Law, I, 15, 30, 94, 521, 632. 

— J. A. Jameson, Constitutional Conventions, §§89-95. — 
S. F. Mill6r, Constitution, ch. xii. — J. Ordronaux, Con- 
stitutional Legislation, ch. iii, also 362-365. — J. N. Pome- 
Toy, Constitutional Law, §§43, 133, 152-164, 537. — F. 
Wharton, Commentaries, §§376-382. — J. A. Woodburn, 
Am. Republic, 61-73, 342-361. — E. McClain, Federal Pro- 
tection against State Power {Harvard Law Review, VI, 
405). — A. M. Eaton, Recent State Constitutions (Harvard 
Law Review, VI, 53, 109). 

Additional Cases. — Martin v. Hunter's Lessee, 1 
Wheaton, 304; 3 Curtis, 562; Thayer, Cases, 123. — Rail- 
road Company v. Otoe, 16 Wallace, 667; Thayer, Cases, 
1256ri. — Texas v. White, 7 Wallace, 700; Thayer, Cases, 
302; Boyd, Cases, 552. — Hans v. Louisiana, 134 U. S., 1; 
Thayer, Cases, 293; McClain, Cases, 702. — Civil Rights 
Cases, 109 U. S., 3; Thayer, Cases, 554; McClain, Cases, 37. 



260 CLASS-ROOM PAPERS [§ 151 

— Virginia v. Rives, 100 U. S., 313. — Ex parte Virginia, 
100 U. S., 339. — Tarble's Cases, 13 Wallace, 397; McClain, 
Cases, 43. — Ableman v. Booth, 21 Howard, 506. — 
Tennesee v. Davis, 100 U. S., 257; McClain, Cases, 51. — 
Ex parte Siebold, 100 U. S., 371; McClain, Cases, 56.— 
Hanenstein v. Lynham, 100 U. S., 483; McClain, Cases, 
72. — Martin v. Waddell, 16 Peters. 367, 410. — Barney 
V. Keokuk, 94 U. S., 324. — Hardin v. Jordan, 140 U. S., 
371. — Kean v. Calumet Canal and Improvement Co., 
190 U. S., 452. — South Carolina v. U. S., 199 U. S., 437. — 
Louisiana v. Mississippi, 202 U. S., 1. 

Select Historical Discussions. — G. T. Curtis, Con- 
stitutional Hist., I, 517, 557, 592, 603; II, 122, 163-166. 

— W. MacDonald, Jacksonian Democracy {Am. Nation, 
XV), ch. XV. 

Specimen Questions. — (1) May a state by charter give 
to a corporation the right to operate in another state? — 
(2) May a state make burning alive a penalty for murder? 

— (3) May a state legislature confer power on the governor 
not conferred by the State Constitution? 

§ 152. Paper No. 18. Ethics of the Mexican War. 

Bibliography. — Manual, § § 43, 44, 79, 80. — Guide, 
§§193, 194. 

Select Discussions. — H. Von Hoist, United States, HI, 
chs. iii, xi. — G. P. Garrison, Westward Extension (Am. 
Nation, XVII), chs. xiii, xiv, xv. — J. Schouler, United 
States, IV, 518-543; V, 1-84. 

Select Sources. — Source-Book, § 104. — Contempora- 
ries, IV, §§ 7-14. — J. R. Lowell, Bigelow Papers. — Con- 
gressional Globe, 29 Cong., 30 Cong. (1845-49). — T. H. 
Benton, Abridgment, XV, XVI. — Senate Documents, 29 
Cong., 1 sess., I, No. 1; VII, No. 337; VIII, No. 388; Ibid., 
29 Cong., 2 sess., Ill, No. 107; Ibid., 30 Cong., 1 sess., VII, 
Nos. 52, 60; House Executive Documents, 29 Cong., 1 sess., 



§ 153] HISTORICAL 261 

VI, No. 196; Ibid., 29 Cong., 2 sess., Ill, No. 19; Ibid., 30 
Cong., 1 sess., II, No. 8; VIII, No. 69. — Messages of Polk, 
J. D. Richardson, Messages, IV, 437-460, 471, 479, 482, 
513, 533, 565, 587, 631. — T. H. Benton, Thirty Years' 
View, I, chs. cxlix, clxi. — J. C. Calhoun, Works, IV. — 
D. Webster, Works, V, 151, 253-301. — J. Q. Adams, 
Memoirs, XVI. — U. S. Grant, Personal Memoirs, I, chs. 
iii-xiii. 

Additional Discussions. — E. G. Bourne, Essays in 
Hist. Criticism, No. 9. — H. Von Hoist, John C. Calhoun, 
ch. iv. — C. Schurz, Henry Clay, II, ch. xxv. — J. Winsor, 
Narrative and Critical Hist, VII, 292, 408-412, 505-507.— 
H. C. Lodge, Daniel Webster, 290-294. — H. Greeley, Am. 
Conflict, I, ch. xiv. — J. F. Rhodes, United States, I, 87- 
94. — Nicolay and Hay, Abraham Lincoln, I, chs. xiv, xv. 
— J. G. Blaine, Twenty Years of Congress. I, ch. iv. — J. H. 
Patton, Democratic Party, 122-130. — G. T. Curtis, Daniel 
Webster, II, 290-293, 301-307. — G. T. Curtis, James 
Buchanan, I, ch. xxi. — ^ H. Wilson, Slave Power, II, chs. 
ii, iii. — H. H. Bancroft, Pacific States, VIII, ch. xiii. — 
W. Jay, Review of the Mexican War. — J. S. Jenkins, James 
Knox Polk, ch. ix. — L. B. Chase, Polk Administration, 
chs. v-ix. — P. Young, History of Mexico, Book II, chs. i, v. 

Specimen Questions. — (1) Was the failure of the Sli- 
dell mission a sufficient- reason for war? — (2) Was the 
conquest of California a reasonable incident of war against 
Mexico? — (3) Were the unsettled claims a sufficient reason 
for war? 

§ 153. Paper No. 19. Control of Acquired Temtoiy. 

Bibliography. — MonwaZ, §§ 178, 218, 219. 

Select Constitutional Discussions. — W. W. Wil- 
loughby, Territories and Dependencies, chs. i, ii. — J. A. 
Woodburn, Am. Republic, 362-397. — H. W. Bikle, Con- 
stitutional Power of Congress over Territory. — J. Story, 



262 CLASS-ROOM PAPERS [§ 153 

Commentaries, §§ 150, 151, 208, 1282-1289, 1317, 1319- 
1321. — E. McClain, Constitutional Law, §§ 185, 186. 

Select Cases. — American Insurance Co. v. Canter, 1 
Peters, 311; 7 Curtis, 685; Thayer, Cases, 350; McClain,, 
Cases, 827; Boyd, Cases, 583. — Jones v. U. S., 137 U. S., 
202; Thayer, Cases, 364. — Fleming v. Page, 9 Howard, 
603; 18 Curtis, 278. — Cross v. Harrison, 16 Howard, 164; 
21 Curtis, 66. — Downes v. Bidwell, 182 U. S., 244. 

Select Historical Discussions. — H. Von Hoist, United 
States, III, 308, 322, 351, 385-401, 422-430, 442-455.— 
J. F. Rhodes, United States, 1, 424-484. — J. Schouler^ 
United States, V, 97-100, 115-119, 157-190, 289-293. 

Select Sources. — U. S. Constitution, Art. I, sect. 8^ 
§§ 17, 18; Art. IV, sect. 3, § 2; Art. VI, § 2; Amend- 
ments I, VIII, X. — Calhoun's Resolutions (Feb. 19, 1847), 
Works, IV, 346-349, 498; Congressional Globe, 29 Cong., 
2 sess., 453, 455. — A. H. Stephens, War between the States, 
II, 166-168. — Walker's Amendment of 1849, Congressional 
Globe, 30 Cong., 2 sess., 561. — Debate on Territories,. 
Congressional Globe, 30 Cong., 2 sess., App. 265-289; D. 
Webster, Works, V, 30-312. — J. C. Calhoun, Works, IV,, 
S36-^9Q. — Contemporaries, 111, §§ 111-115; IV, §§ 186-191. 

Additional Constitutional Discussions. — W. A. Suth- 
erland, Notes on the Constitution, 187, 472, 508, 596-600. 
— T. M. Cooley, Constitutional Law, 182-186. — J. D. 
Andrews, Am. Law, ch. ix. — H. C. Black, Constitutional 
Law, 20. — J. N. Pomeroy, Constitutional Law, §§483— 
489. — J. R. Tucker, Constitution, II, 605-610. — W. W. 
Willoughby, Constitutional System, 11-14, 17. — A. P. 
Morse, Civil and Political Status of Inhabitants of Ceded 
Territories (Harvard Law Review, XIV, 262). — E. McClain, 
The Hawaiian Case {Harvard Law Review, XVII, 386). 

Additional Historical Discussions. — T. Donaldson, 
Public Domain, 56-88, 416-464. — G. T. Curtis, Constitu- 
tional Hist., I, 532, 542, 544; II, 198, 199, 227. — T. Roose- 



§ 154] HISTORICAL 263 

velt, Thomas H. Benton, 317-340. — T. H. Benton, Thirty 
Years' View, II, 696-700, 713-715, 721-726, 729-736.— 
H. Von Hoist, John C. Calhoun, 288-307. — G. T. Curtis, 
Daniel Webster, II, 360-373. — A. L. Lowell, Colonial 
Expansion of the United States (Atlantic Monthly, LXXXIII, 
145). — C. E. Boyd, Government of Newly Acquired Terri- 
tory (Ibid, LXXXII, 735). — A. B. Hart, Foundations, chs. v, 
vi, §§ 42-67. — H. P. Judson, Am. Federal Constitution and 
Expansion (Review of Reviews, XIX, 67; XXI, 451). 

Additional Cases. — Callan v. Wilson, 127 U. S., 540; 
Thayer, Cases, 358; McClain, Cases, 834. — Metropolitan 
Railroad Co. v. D. C, 132 U. S., 1; McClain, Cases, 522.— 
Fort Leavenworth R. R. Co. v. Lowe, 114 U. S., 525; 
McClain, Cases, 528. — Kincaid v. U. S., 150 U. S., 483. — 
Nelson v. U. S., 30 Fed., 112. — Callsen v. Hope, 75 Fed., 
758. — Binns v. U. S., 194 U. S., 486. — Goetze v. U. S., 
103 Fed., 72. — Rasmussen v. U. S., 197 U. S., 516.— 
Hawaiian v. Mankichi, 23 Sup. Ct. Rep., 787; 190 U. S., 
197. 

Specimen Questions. — (1) Do the people of acquired 
territory bring their law with them when annexed to the 
United States? — (2) May Congress cede any part of the 
territory of the United States to another power? — (3) 
Were the people of California in 1847 subject to the Tariff 
Act of 1846? 

§ 154. Paper No. 20. Popular Sovereignty and Government of 
Organized Territory. 

Bibliography. — Manual, §§35, 36, 85, 86, 115, 116, 
154, 173, 178, 185. 

Select Constitutional Discussions. — H. Von Hoist, 
United States, III, 354-358; IV, 291-402, especially 381- 
389. — W. F. Willoughby, Territories and Dependencies, 
ch. iii. — J. N. Pomeroy, Constitutional Law, §§ 490-499. — 
J. Story, Commentaries, §§ 1318-1330. 



264 CLASS-ROOM PAPERS [§ 154 

Select Cases. — Dred Scott v. Sandford, 19 Howard, 
393; 2 Miller, 1; Thayer, Cases, 480; Boyd, Cases, 481.— 
National Bank v. County of Yankton, 101 U. S., 129; McClain, 
Cases, 830n. — Boyd v. Nebraska, 143 U. S., 145. — Mor- 
mon Church V. U. S., 136 U. S., 1; McClain, Cases, 835. 

Select Historical Discussions. — J. F. Rhodes, United 
States, I, 419-498. — H. Von Hoist, United States, IV, 280- 
461. — J. C. Smith, Parties and Slavery (Am. Nation, 
XVIII), chs. vii, ix, xi, xiv-xvi. — G. T. Curtis, Constitu- 
tional Hist, II, 227, 228, 256-259, 280, 296-298. 

Sources. — U. S. Constitution, Art. I, sect. 8, §§ 17, 18; 
Art. IV, sect. 3, § 2; Art. VI, § 2; Amendments, I, III, 
X, XV. — Leake's doctrine (Feb. 17, 1847), Congres- 
sional Globe, 29 Cong., 2 sess., 442. — Dickinson's doctrine 
(Dec. 14, 1847), Congressional Globe, 30 Cong., 1 sess., 21, 
27, 54, 157-160. — Cass's doctrine (Dec. 24, 1847), A. C. 
McLaughlin, Lewis Cass, 232, 233; M. W. McClasky, Politi- 
cal Textbook of 1860, 462-465. — Douglas's Report (Jan. 4, 
1854), Senate Reports, 33 Cong., 1 sess., I, No. 15; Am. 
Hist. Leaflets, No. 17. — W. MacDonald, Select Documents, 
Nos. 85-87. — Appeal of the Independent Democrats (Jan. 
19, 1854), Congressional Globe, 33 Cong., 1 sess., 281, 282; 
Am. Hist. Leaflets, No. 17. — S. A. Douglas's doctrine, 
Haj-per^s Magazine, XIX, 519-537. — Debates between Lincoln 
and Douglas, 93-105; A. Johnston, Aw. Orations, II, 218- 
255; III, 17-27. — Chase's doctrine. Congressional Globe, 
33 Cong., 1 sess., App. 133-140; A. B. Hart, Salmon P. 
Chase, ch. v. — Charles Sumner's doctrine, A. Johnston, 
Am. Orations, II, 212. — Lincoln's doctrine, A. Johnston, 
Am. Orations, III, 3; Debates between Lincoln and Douglas, 
1-5, 14-24. — Jefferson Davis's Resolutions (May 24, 1860), 
Congressional Globe, 36 Cong., 1 sess., 2310-2335. — Con- 
temporaries, IV, §§ 34-40, 44, 66. — Source-Book, § 108, 

Additional Constitutional Discussions. — W. A. 
Sutherland, Notes on the Constitution, 593, 596, 597. — T. 



§ 154] HISTORICAL 265 

M. Cooley, Constitutional Law, 182, i86. — S. F. Miller, 
Constitution, 638, 639. — J. D. Andrews, Am. Law, § 187. 
• — ^ H. W. Bikle, Constitutional Power of Congress over Terri- 
tonj, 46-101. — J. A. Fairlie, National Administration, 216- 
219. — F. Wharton, Commentaries, §§ 461-466. — J. R. 
Tucker, Constitution, II, 613-616. — J. A. Woodburn, Am. 
Republic, 362-371. — J. Ordronaux, Constitutional Legis- 
lation, 509-519. — M. Farrand, Legislation of Congress for 
the Government of Organized Territories. — H. C. Black, 
Constitutional Law, 20, 21, 229-235. — R. Johnson, Remarks 
on Popular Sovereignty. — A. H. Stephens, War between the 
States, II, 131-135, 248-262. 

Additional Cases. — Am. Insurance Co. v. Canter, 
1 Peters, 511; 7 Curtis, 685; Thayer, Cases, 350; McClain, 
Cases, 827; Boyd, Cases, 583; John Marshall, Writings, 
373. — Clinton v. Englebrecht, 13 Wallace, 434. — U. S. 
V. Gratiot, 14 Peters, 526; 13 Curtis, 644. — Sere v. Pitot, 
6 Cranch, 332; 2 Curtis, 423; Thayer, Cases, 349. — Murphy 
V. Ramsey, 114 U. S., 15. — Reynolds v. U. S., 98 U. S., 
145; McClain, Coses, 883n. — Thompson v. Utah, 170 U. S., 
343; McClain, Cases, 831. — Am. Publishing Co. v. Fisher, 
166 U. S., 464. — Guthrie National Bank v. City of Guthrie, 
173 U. S., 528. — U. S. v. Pridgeon, 153 U. S., 48. — Capital 
Traction Co. v. Hof, 174 U. S., 1. — Schuerman v. Arizona, 
184 U. S., 342. — Murphy v. Utter, 186 U. S., 95. — James 
V. Appel, 192 U. S., 129. — Kansas v. Colorado, 206 U. S., 
46. 

Additional Historical Discussions. — A. C. McLaugh- 
lin, Lewis Cass, 235-239, 272-276, 294-296, 326. — W. C. 
Young, General Cass, 302, 321, 325, 363, 371. — H. Greeley, 
Am. Conflict, 1, 224-236. — J. S. Landon, Constitutional 
Hist., 234-245. — J. Schouler, United States, V, 280-289.— 
J. J. Lalor, Cyclopedia, III, 281-284. — T. Roosevelt, 
Thomas H. Benton, 349, 352. — H. Wilson, Slave Power, 
II, ch. XXX. 



266 CLASS-ROOM PAPERS [§ 154 

Specimen Questions. — (l)Under the principles of popu- 
lar sovereignty should the people have elected their own 
governor? — (2) Did the doctrine of popular sovereignty 
logically give to the people of the territories control of the 
public lands? — (3) Is the organic act of a territory re- 
pealable without the consent of the inhabitants? 

§ 155. Paper No. 21. Principles of Citizenship and Rights 
of Non-Citizens. 

Bibliography. — Mamm/, §§39-48, 99, 100, 156, 168, 
187, 192, 225. — Guide, §§179, 185. — Brookings and 
Ringwalt, Briefs for Debate, Nos. 2, 3, 28. 

Select Constitutional Discussions. — W. A. Suther- 
land Notes on the Constitution, 42, 148-156, 501, 569, 572, 
627-675, 696-699, 708, 728, 738. — H. C. Black, Constitu- 
tional Law, ch. xix. — R. Foster, Commentaries, I, ch. vi. 

— E. McClain, Constitutional Law, ch. xxxiv. 

Select Cases. — Worcester v. Georgia, 6 Peters, 515; 
10 Curtis, 214; Thayer, Cases, 583; Boyd, Cases, 590.— 
Minor v. Happersett, 21 Wallace, 162; Thayer, Cases, 459; 
McClain, Cases, 974. — Civil Rights Cases, 109 U. S., 3; 
Thaj'er, Cases, 554; McClain, Cases, 37n; Boyd, Cases, 518. 

— Elk V. Wilkins, 112 U. S., 94; Thayer, Cases, 587; McClain, 
Cases, 969; Snow, Cases and Opinions, 230. — United States 
V. Wong Kim Ark, 169 U. S., 649; McClain, Cases, 964. 

Select Historical Discussions. — H. Von Hoist, 
United States, VI, 1-47. — H. Greeley, Am. Conflict, I, 
251-279. — J. G. Blaine, Twenty Years of Congress, II, 
chs. ii, ix-xii. — G. T. Curtis, Constitutional Hist., II, 
375-381. — J. J. Lalor, Cijclopoedia, I, 478-608; II, 375- 
381; III, 822. — F. N. Thorpe, Constitutional Hist., II, 
ch. ix. — W. M. Meigs, Growth of the Constitution, 138-140, 
257. — J. S. Landon, Constitutional Hist., ch. xv. 

Sources. — U. S. Constitution, Art. I, sect. 2, §§1, 2; 
sect. 3, § 3; sect. 4, § 1; sect. 8, § 4; sect. 9, §§2, 3; 



§ 155] HISTORICAL 267 

sect. 10, § 1; Art. Ill, sects. 1, 2; sect. 3, § 2; Art. IV, 
sect. 2, §1; Amendments I-XV. — Contemporaries, IV, 
§§ 152, 155, 205, 208.— U. S. Revised Statutes, 347-351, 
378-380; Supplement I, 68, 342, 458-461, 534, 556. — J. C. 
Calhoun, Works, II, 242. — Congressional Globe, 39 Cong., 
1 sess., 1757, 1779, 1780, 2890, 2893, 3039, 3041. — W. 
MacDonald, Select Documents, No. 17. 

Additional Constitutional Discussions. — T. M. Cooley, 
Constitutional Law, 89, 123, 136, 137, 206-208, 268-274. — 
J. I. C. Hare, Constitutional Law, I, 512-529. — W. 0. 
Bateman, Constitutional Law, §§ 155-185. — J. D. Andrews, 
Am. Law, ch. xxvii. — S. F. Miller, Constitution, ch. vi, 
also 653-679. — J. N. Pomeroy, Constitutional Law, §§ 206— 
209, 235, 236, 256, 385-390. — J. Story, Commentaries, 
§§ 1097-1104, 1697-1701, 1928-1975. — J. R. Tucker, Con- 
stitution, I, 343-348; II, 851-854. — F. Wharton, Commen- 
taries, §§ 431-438. — W. W. Willoughby, Constitutional 
System, chs. xv, xvi, xvii. — A. R. Bailey, A New Nation 
{Harvard Law Review, IX, 309). — E. J. Smith, Legal Aspect 
of the Southern Question {Ibid., II, 358). — Charles E. 
Shattuck, Meaning of the term "Liberty'^ in National and 
State Constitutions {Ibid., IV, 365). — E. McClain, Federal 
Protection against State Power {Ibid., VI, 405). — C. E. Boyd, 
Basis of Citizenship {Nation, LXVII, 10). — C. S. Patterson, 
U. S. and the States, ch. xi. 

Additional Cases. — U. S. v. Rhodes, 1 Abbott (U. S.), 
28; Thayer, Cases, 506, 510. — Slaughter House Cases, 16 
Wallace, 36; Thayer, Cases, 516; McClain, Cases, 18; Boyd, 
Cases, 491. — Sere v. Pitot, 6 Cranch, 332; 2 Curtis, 453; 
Thayer, Cases, 349. — Callan v. Wilson, 127 U. S., 540; 
Thayer, Cases, 358; McClain, Cases, 834. — Barron v. Mayor 
of Baltimore, 7 Peters, 243; 10 Curtis, 464; Thayer, Cases, 
449; Boyd, Cases, 467. — Corfield v. Coryell, 4 Washington 
C. C. 471; Thayer, Cases, 453; Boyd, Cases, 505. — Roby v. 
Smith, 131 Ind., 342; Thayer, Cases, 457. — Pembina Co. v. 



268 CLASS-ROOM PAPERS [§ 155 

Pennsylvania, 127 U. S., 678; Thayer, Cases, 468. — Dred 
Scott V. Sandford, 19 Howard, 393; 2 Miller, 1; Thayer, 
Cases, 480; Boyd, Cases, 491. — Strauder v. West Virginia, 
100 U. S., 303; Thayer, Cases, 543; Ex parte Yarbrough, 
110 U. S., 651; Thayer, Cases, 551. — People v. King, 
110 N. Y., 418; Thayer, Cases, 568. — Lehew v. Brum- 
mel, 103 Mo. 546; Thayer, Cases, 574. — Welton v. Mis- 
souri, 91 U. S. 275; Thayer. Cases, 1957. — Davidson v. 
New Orleans, 96 U. S., 97; Thayer, Cases, 610. — /n 
re Jacobs, 98 N. Y., 98; Thayer, Cases, 627. — Powell v. 
Pennsylvania, 127 U. S., 678; Thayer, Cases, 637.— 
Lent V. Tillson, 140 U. S., 316; Thayer, Cases, 654.— 
Blake v. McClung, 172 U. S., 239; McClain, Cases, 859.— 
Riggins V. U. S., 199 U. S., 547. — Martin v. Texas, 200 
U. S., 316. — Cox V. Texas, 202 U. S., 446. — In re Look 
Tin Sing, 10 Sawyer, 353; Thayer, Cases, 578. — U. S. v. 
Kagama, 118 U. S., 375; Thayer, Cases, 591. — Hurtado v. 
California, 110 U. S., 516; Thayer, Cases, 616; McClain, 
Cases, 905. — Yick Wo v. Hopkins, 118 U. S., 356; Thayer, 
Cases, 774; McClain, Cases, 917. — Fong Yue Ting v. U. S., 
149 U. S., 698; Thayer, Cases, 374; McClain, Cases, 567n. — 
Chinese Exclusion Case, 130 U. S. 581; McClain, Cases, 562. 
— Ah Sin V. Wittman, 198 U. S., 500. — U. S. v. Lee Huen, 
118 Fed., 442. — United States v. Ju Toy, 198 U. S., 253. 

Specimen Questions. — (1) Is a negro citizen of Massa- 
chusetts entitled to the privileges of white citizens if he 
removes to South Carolina? — (2) May a man be deprived 
of suffrage because his grandfather was a slave? — (3) Is 
an alien entitled to trial by jury? 

§ 156. Paper No. 22. Doctrine of Secession. 

Bibliography. — Manual, § § 47, 48, 97, 98, 105, 106, 
141, 149. — Guide, §§ 204-208. 

Select Constitutional Discussions. — G. T. Curtis, 
Constitutional Hist, II, 1-47, 80-83, 289-338. — W. W. 



§ 156] HISTORICAL 269 

Willoughby, Constitutional System, chs. iii, iv. — J. Davis, 
Confederate Government, 1, 168-184. — A. H. Stephens, 
War between the States, 1, 477-522. — J. N. Pomeroy, Con- 
stitutional Law, §§ 25-44. 

Select Cases. — Texas v. White, 7 Wallace, 700; Thayer, 
Cases, 302; Boyd, Cases, 552. — Keith v. Clark, 97 U. S., 
454. 

Select Historical Discussion. — J. F. Rhodes, United 
States, III. — G. T. Curtis, James Buchanan, II, ch. xv. — 
J. W. Burgess, Civil War and the Constitution, I, ch. iv. — 
F. E. Chadwick, Causes of the Civil War (Am. Nation, 
XIX), chs. viii-x, xii. 

Sources. — U. S. Constituiion, Preamble; Art. I, sect. 8, 
§§1, 10-18; Art. Ill, sects. 2, 3; Art. IV, sect. 4; Art. VI, 
§ 2; Amends. IX, X. — Official Southern view. Am. Hist. 
Leaflets, No. 12. — Lincoln's view, Am. Hist. Leaflets, No. 18; 
J. D. Richardson, Messages and Papers, VI, 5, 20; A. 
Lincoln, Works, II, 1, 55. — Original Ordinances of ratifica- 
tion, P. C. Centz, Republic of Republics, 523-528. — W. 
Hickey, Constitution, ch. iv. — J. Elliot, Debates, V, 319-335. 
— Contemporary speeches, A. Johnston, Am. Orations, 
III, 230-330. — Southern arguments, A. H. Stephens, War 
between the States, I, 17-49, 441-452, 522-539; II, 5-15, 
26-34, 263-271; J. Davis, Confederate Government, 1, passim; 
Contemporaries, IV, § § 53-55, 62. — Contemporary docu- 
ments, Pike, First Blows of the Civil War; W. MacDonald, 
Select Documents, Nos. 32, 94, 97; Contemporaries, III, 
§ 123; IV, §§ 56, 61. — Buchanan's View, J. D. Richardson, 
Messages and Papers, V, 628, 655; J. Buchanan, Mr. Bu- 
chanan's Administration on the Eve of the Rebellion. 

Additional Constitutional Discussions. — J. Story, 
Commentaries, §§306-372, 467-481. — R. Foster, Commen- 
taries, I, 116-119, 163-205. — T. M. Cooley, Constitutional 
Law, 27-31. — W. 0. Bateman, Constitutional Law, §§ 138, 
139. — J. R. Tucker, Constitution, I, 338-340, 347, 348; 



270 CLASS-ROOM PAPERS [§ 156 

II, 588-597. — C. W. Loring, Nullification and Secession. — 
W. A. Sutherland, Notes on the Constitution, 129, 240-242, 
684. — J. I. C. Hare, Constitutional Law, 64-93. — H. C. 
Black, Constitutional Law, 28-33. — J. C. Ropes, Story of 
the Civil War, I, chs. i-iv. — E. P. Powell, Nullification and 
Secession. — J. C. Hurd, Theory of our National Existence, 
88, 105, 145, 286. — J. L. M. Curry, Southern States and 
Am. Union, ch. x. 

Additional Cases. — White v. Hart, 13 Wallace, 646; 
Thayer, Cases, 259. — Sprott v. United States, 20 Wallace, 
459. — Willams v. Bruffy, 96 U. S. 176. 

Additional Historical Discussions. — J. T. Morse, 
Abraham Lincoln, I, ch. viii. — H. Greeley, Am. Conflict, I, 
ch. xxii. — J. W. Draper, Civil War, I, chs. xxvi, xxvii. — 
J. Davis, Confederate Government, I, 70-77, 185-192. — 
J. G. Blaine, Twenty Years of Congress, I, chs. x, xi. — 
J. Schouler, United States, V, ch. xiv. — H. Wilson, Slave 
Power, III, 1-10, 100-126. — S. W. McCall, Thaddeus Stevens, 
115-130. — T. S. Goodwin, Natural Hist, of Secession, chs. 
xxvi, xxvii. 

Specimen Questions. — (1) Had Texas any greater con- 
stitutional right of secession than South Carolina? — (2) 
Granting the right of secession, did Fort Sumter revert to 
South Carolina? — (3) Did Virginia reserve a right of seces- 
sion in 1788? 

§ 157. Paper No. 23. Responsibility for the Civil War. 

Bibliography. — Manual, §§ 47-50. — Guide, §§ 203, 
206-209. 

Select Historical Discussions. — J. F. Rhodes, United 
States, III, chs. xiii, xiv. — G. T. Curtis, Constitutional Hist., 
II, ch. x. — F. E. Chad wick. Causes of the Civil War {Am. 
Nation, XIX), chs. i-iv, viii-xi, xvi-xviii. — J. W. Burgess, 
Civil War and the Constitution, I, chs. iv-vii. — F. Bancroft, 
W. H. Seward, I, chs. xiv-xvi, xviii-xxi, xxiii, xxiv. 



§ 157] HISTORICAL 271 

Periodical Articles. — J. L. Motley, Causes of the Civil 
War (Living Age, I.XX, 9). — S. Webster, Responsibility 
for Secession (Pol. Sci. Quarterly, VIII, 268). — F. Bancroft, 
Final Efforts at Compromise (Ibid, VI, 401). 

Sources. — Contemporaries, IV, § § 49-74. — W. Mac- 
Donald, Select Documents, Nos. 93-96. — Am. Hist. Leaflets, 
Nos. 18, 26. — Congressional Globe, 36 Cong., 2 sess., 
passim, especially 1114 (Crittenden's plan), 794, (Vallandig- 
ham's), 1254 (Peace Conference), 690 (Kellogg's), 283, 
379 (Clark's). — Senate Executive Documents, 36 Cong., 2 
sess., IV, No. 2 (Message of Feb. 19). — Senate Reports, 36 
Cong., 2 sess., No. 288 (Committee of 13). — House Mis- 
cellaneous, 36 Cong., 2 sess. — House Reports, 36 Cong., 
2 sess., I, No. 31 (Committee of 33). — Opinions of Attor- 
neys General, IX, 522-526 (Black), — Am. Annual Cyclo- 
paedia, 1861, pp. 166-225 (Congress), 562-568 (Peace 
Conference). — L. E. Chittenden, Reports of the Debates and 
Proceedings of the Conference Convention; Official Journal 
of the Conference Convention. — Lincoln's Inaugural and 
Messages, J. D. Richardson, Messages and Papers, VI, 
5-12, 20-31, 44-58; A. Lincoln, Works, II, 1-7, 55-66, 
93-106. 

Additional Historical Discussions. — H. Greeley, Am. 
Conflict, I, chs. xxiii-xxv. — J. Schouler, United States, V, 
ch. xxii. — J. Macy, Political Parties in the U. S., chs. vii- 
xxii. — J. Davis, Confederate Government, I, 438-440. — 
A. H. Stephens, War between the States, II, 17-53. — J. S. 
Landon, Constitutional Hist., 162-165. — J. G. Nicolay, 
Outbreak of the Rebellion, chs. i-v. — A. B. Hart, Salmon P. 
Chase, chs. vii, viii. — G. Lunt, Origin of the War, chs. xii, 
xiii, xvi, xvii, xix, xx. — J. R. Lowell, Political Essays, 
118-152. — J. T. Morse, Abraham Lincoln, I, chs. vii, viii. — 
J. G. Blaine, Twenty Years of Congress, I, chs. i, x-xii. — 
H. Wilson, Slave Power, III, chs. i-vii. — J. C. Ropes, Story 
<of the Civil War, I, chs. i-v. — Nicolay and Hay, Abraham 



272 CLASS-ROOM PAPERS [§ 157 

Lincoln, II, chs. xvii-xxix; III. — T. K. Lothrop, Willixim 
H. Seward, chs. xii, xiii. — G. T. Curtis, James Buchanan, 
II, chs. xv-xxiv. — T. C. Smith, Parties and Slavery {Am. 
Nation, XVII), ch. xvii. 

Specimen Questions. — (1) Would different behavior 
by the aboHtionists have prevented the Civil War? — (2) 
Could James Buchanan have prevented the war? — (3) 
Could Jefferson Davis have been tried for treason previous 
to the secession of Mississippi? 

§ 158. Paper No. 24. Lincoln's Democracy. 

Bibliography. — Manual, §§47-50. — Guide, §208. — 
D. Fish, Lincoln Literature. 

Select Historical Discussions. — J. F. Rhodes, United 
States, 1, 92, 492; II, 62, 70, 266-268, 308, 344, 430-432, 457, 
473, 500-502; III, 300-305, 316-320, 334, 439, 631-633; 
IV, 69-76, 120, 157-162, 199-216, 296-298, 350-354, 419- 
425, 460-464, 518-522, 531-539; V, 82-137. — J. T. Morse, 
Abraham Lincoln, I, 456, 457; II, 23, 93-97, 322, 403.— 
A. H. Stephens, War between the States, I, 442-445, 520; 
II, 34, 35, 40, 49, 263-269, 277, 278, 346, 351, 409-420, 
433-463. — C. Schurz, Abraham Lincoln. 

Sources. — Contemporaries, IV, § § 44, 50, 66, 96, 97, 
101, 126-128, 145. — Aw. Hist. Leaflets, No. 18. — J. D. 
Richardson, Messages and Papers, VI, 1-297, especially 
5-12, (first Inaugural); 20-31, (message of July, 4, 1861); 
44-58, 126-142, 179-181, 243-255 (annual messages); 276, 
(second Inaugural); 157-159 (Proclamation of Emancipa- 
tion).— A. Lincoln, Works, especially I, 178-209, 226-235, 
240-245, 273-518 (Lincoln-Douglas Debates) ; II, 1-7 (first 
Inaugural); 55-66 (message of July 4, 1861); 93-106, 261- 
277, 445-456, 604-615 (Annual messages); 656 (second 
Inaugural); 439 (Gettysburg Address); 287, 288 (Proclama- 
tion of Emancipation). — L. E. Chittenden, Abraham Lin- 
coln's Speeches. — Abraham Lincoln, Tributes from his 



§ 158] HISTORICAL 273 

Associates (including G. W. Curtis, G. S. Boutwell, G. F. 
Hoar, F. B. Sanborn). 

Additional Historical Discussions. — Nicolay and 
Hay, Abraham Lincoln, especially II, chs. viii, ix, xi; III, 
ch. xxi; VII, chs. vi, viii, xv, xix; VIII, ch. vii; IX, chs. 
iii, V, viii, xvi; X, ch. xviii. — J. K. Hosmer, Appeal to 
Arms (Am. Nation, XX) ch. xiv. — F. E. Chadwick, Causes 
of the Civil War (Am. Nation, XIX), ch. xvii. — C. L. C. 
Minor, The Real Lincoln. — J. W. Burgess, Civil War and 
the Constitution, I, chs. i, iii; II, ch. xvi — H. Greeley, 
Am. Conflict, I, 301, 302, 321-326, 4i8-429, 452-461, 466- 
470; II, 251, 253, 257, 259, 490-492, 528, 562-564, 673, 
675-677, 747, 748. — J. Schouler, United States, V, 76, 77, 
80, 81, 112, 127, 128, 411-416, 459-465. 493-502; VI, 1-23, 
111-126, 215-232, 463-477, 519-527. 565-568, 607-616, 
622-633. — H. Von Hoist, United States, VI, 267-300; 
VII, 165-186, 244, 245. — J. W. Draper, Civil War, I, 506; 
II, 13-20, 3&-38, 590-611; III, 476-479, 601, 626-630. 
— J. G. Blaine, Twenty Years of Congress. I, 133, 140-150, 
168-172, 279-299, 309-311, 332-336. 350-354, 371, 435, 
438-448, 453-457, 488-496, 503, 514-517, 528-536, 546- 
549; II, 15-17. — H. Wilson, Slave Power, II, 203, 204, 
566-577, 692-695; III, 1, 173-183, 213, 221-224, 246-250, 
51&-528, 560-590. — A. B. Hart, Salmon P. Chase, 187- 
198, 202-212, 260-270, 290-299, 302-333, 430-432.— 
J. H. Choate, Abraham Lincoln. — C. A. Dana, Lincoln and 
his Cabinet. — H. Watterson, Abraham Lincoln. — A. K. 
McClure, Abraham Lincoln. — J. R. Lowell, Political Essays, 
75-91. — J. C. Ropes, Story of the Civil War, I, ch. v. — 
J. G. Nicolay, Outbreak of the Rebellion, ch. iv. — S. McCall, 
Thaddeus Stevens, 111-113, 136-140, 185, 186, 192-199, 
216-226. — T. K. Lothrop, William H. Seward, 209-211, 
231-233, 244-255, 279, 280, 332-386. — J. Davis, Confed- 
erate Government, I, 322-325. — Lives of Lincoln by H. J. 
Raymond, J. G, Holland, W. H. Lamon, W. H. Herndon 



274 CLASS-ROOM PAPERS [§ 158 

and J. W. Weik, I. N. Arnold, A. T. Rice, N. Hapgood, and 
N. Brooks. 

Specimen Questions. — (1) Did Lincoln expect negro 
suffrage? — - (2) Would Lincoln have favored a property 
qualification in the Chicago of to-day? — (3) Did Lincoln 
yield to what he believed to be popular sentiment? 

§ 159. Paper No. 25. Military Powers of the President. 

Bibliography. — ilfawua/, §§49, 50, 81, 82, 85, 86, 121, 
122, 141, 178, 188. — Guide, §§ 213, 214. 

Select Constitutional Discussions. — J. N. Pomeroy, 
Constitutional Law, §§431-436, 441-482, 662-668, 703-714. 
— W. A. Sutherland, Notes on the Constitution, 201, 202, 
223, 224, 469-476. — G. T. Curtis, Constitutional History, II, 
668-686. — W. A. Dunning, CiP«7 War and Reconstruction, ch. i. 

Select Cases. — Prize Cases, 2 Black, 635; 4 Miller, 
876; Thayer, Cases, 2339; McClain, Cases, 515; Boyd, Cases, 
342. — Fleming v. Page, 9 Howard, 603; 18 Curtis, 278. — 
— Ex parte Merryman, Taney's Reports, 246; Thayer, 
Cases, 2361. — Martin v. Mott, 12 Wheaton, 19; 7 Curtis, 
10; Thayer, Cases, 2290; McClain, Cases, 518; Boyd, Cases, 
338. — Lincoln v. U. S., 197 U. S., 419. 

Select Historical Discussions. — J. F. Rhodes, United 
States, III, 181-192, 216-251, 283-287, 325-360, 364, 394, 
438, 486, 553-558; IV, 55, 69-76, 157-172, 212-215, 227- 
236, 245-255, 416-418. — G. T. Curtis, James Buchanan, II, 
330-365. — J. C. Ropes, .Stony of the Civil War, I, chs. v-vii. 

Sources. — U. S. Constitution, Preamble; Art. I, sect. 1; 
sect. 8, §§ 11, 15; sect. 9, §§2, 6; sect. 10, § 3; Art. II, 
sect. 1, §§ 1, 7; sect. 2, § 1; sect. 3. — Lincoln's view, A. 
Lincoln, Works, II, 1, 11, 32, 34-36, 55, 239; Am. Hist. 
Leaflets, Nos. 12, 18, 26; Am. Annual Cyclopcedia (1861), 
pp. 600-607; Congressional Globe, 36 Cong., 2 sess., 1433- 
1435; 37 Cong., 1 sess., App. 1-4; J. D. Richardson, Mes- 
sages and Papers, V, 626; VI, 5, 13, 14, 98, 157, 170. — 



§ 159] HISTORICAL 275 

Speech of J. A. Bayard on executive usurpation, Congres- 
sional Globe, 37 Cong., 1 sess., App. 12-19. — Speech of 
M. S. Latham, Congressional Globe, 37 Cong., 1 sess., 19-22. 

— Statutes of July 13 and 22, 1861, U. S. Statutes at Large, 
XII, 255, 268. — J. Buchanan, Buchanan's Administration, 
108-134. — J. S. Black's view. Opinions of Attorneys General, 
IX, 516-526. — General Scott's views, J. Buchanan, 
Buchanan's Administration, 99-108. — South Carolina Cor- 
respondence, Congressional Globe, 36 Cong., 2 sess., 817- 
819. — D. Webster, Works, III, 448-505. — J. C. Calhoun, 
Works, II, 262-309. — Acts of May 2, 1792; Feb. 28, 1795; 
March 3, 1807; July 29, 1861; May 30, 1870; April 20, 1871; 
U. S. Statutes at Large, I, 264, 424; II, 443; XII, 281, 282; 
XVI, 140-146; XVII, 13-15. 

Additional Constitutional Discussions. — J. Story, 
Commentaries, §§ 1199-1215, 1490-1492, 1564, 1799-1801. 

— T. M. Cooley, Constitutional Law, 114, 121, 156, 157, 
315-317. —J. I. C. Hare, Constitutional Law, I, 172-174. — 
W. O. Bateman, Constitutional Law, 290, 291. — J. R. 
Tucker, Constitution, II, 581-584, 643-649, 716-718, 748, 
749. — J. D. Andrews, Am. Law, §§ 252, 253, 376, 377.— 
E. McClain, Constitutional Law, ch. xxii. — F. Wharton, 
Commentaries, § § 502, 503. — H. C. Black, Constitutional 
Law, § 68. — S. F. Miller, Constitution, 162-164. — J. A. 
Fairlie, National Administration, 32-38. — J. W. Burgess, 
■Civil War and the Constitution, I, 226-236. — W. Whiting, 
War Powers of the President. — W. Whiting, Military Gov- 
ernment of Hostile Territory. — W. Whiting, War Powers 
under the Constitution. — A. Conkling, Powers of the Exec- 
utive Department, 80-88. 

Additional Cases. — Luther v. Borden, 7 Howard, 1; 
17 Curtis, 1; Thayer, Cases, 193, 254, 2352, 2391; McClain, 
Cases, 595; Boyd, Cases, 647. — The Grapeshot, 9 Wallace, 
129. — United States v. Eliason, 16 Peters, 291; 14 Curtis, 
304. — Mississippi v. Johnson, 4 Wallace, 475; Thayer, 



276 CLASS-ROOM PAPERS [§ 159 

Cases, 196; McClain, Cases, 102; Boyd, Cases, 652. — 
Houston V. Moore, 5 Wheaton, 1 ; 4 Curtis, 535. — The 
Protectro, 12 Wallace, 700. — Cross v. Harrison, 16 Howard, 
164; 21 Curtis, 66. — Opinion of the Justices, 8 Mass., 547; 
Thayer, Cases, 2287. — Ex parte Milligan, 4 Wallace, 2; 
Thayer, Cases, 2376; Boyd, Cases, 351. — Mitchell v. Clark, 
110 U. S., 633; Thayer, Cases, 2402. — U. S. v. Freeman, 
3 Howard, 118. — Gratiot v. U. S., 4 Howard, 118. — 
Kurtz V. Moffit, 115 U. S., 503. — Swaim v. U. S., 165 U. S., 
553. — Downes v. Bidwell, 182 U. S., 244. — Dooley v. U. S., 
182 U. S., 222. — Diamond Rings Cases, 183 U. S., 176. 

Additional Historical Discussions. — .J. T. Morse, 
Abraham Lincoln, I, chs. vii, viii. — J. Davis, Confederate 
Government, I, 263-328. — J. W. Draper, Civil War, I, 
558-567. — E. A. Pollard, Lost Cause, 103-111. — H. 
Greeley, Am. Conflict, I, 428-478. — G. T. Curtis, Consti- 
tutional Hist., I, 578, 579; II, 304, 305. — J. K. Hosmer, 
Outcome of the Civil War (Am. Nation, XXI), ch. i. — 
A. H. Stephens, War hetiveen the States, II, 34-44, 344-355. 
— J. G. Blaine, Twenty Years in Congress, 1, 292-300. — 
G. C. Gorham, Edwin M. Stanton, I, chs. xiii, xiv. 

Specimen Questions. -- (1) May a President carry on 
military operations without a declaration of war? — (2) 
Could the President have arrested and confined a member 
of Congress during the Civil War? — • (3) Could the Presi- 
dent order the confiscation of property as a war measure? 

§ 160. Paper No. 26. Constitutional Principles of Reconstruc- 
tion. 

Bibliography. — Manual, §§ 49, 50, 97, 98, 105, 106. 

Select Constitutional Discussions. — W. A. Dun- 
ning, Reconstruction {Am. Nation, XXII), chs. iii-vii. — 
G. T. Curtis, Constitutional Hist., II, 339-396. — W. A. 
Dunning, Civil War and Reconstruction, chs. ii, iii, iv, vi. — 
R. Foster, Commentaries, I, 205-268. — E. C. Mason, Veto 
Power, 151-155. 



§ 160] HISTORICAL 277 

Select Cases. — Mississippi v. Johnson, 4 Wallace, 475; 
Thayer, Cases, 196; McClain, Cases, 102; Boyd, Cases, 652. 
— Texas v. White, 7 Wallace, 700; Thayer, Cases, 302; 
Boyd, Cases, 5-52. — Keith v. Clark, 97 U. S., 454. — White 
V. Hart, 13 Wallace, 646; Thayer, Cases, 259. 

Select Historical Discussions. — J. W. Burgess, Re- 
construction and the Constitution. — W. A. Dunning, Recon- 
struction {Am. Nation, XXII). — E. B. Andrews, Last 
Quarter Century, 1 ehs. i, v, vi. 

Sources. — U. S. Constitution, Art. I, sect. 2, §§3, 4; 
sect. 3, §§1, 2; sect. 4, § 1; sect. 5, §§1, 2; sect. 7, 
§ 2; sect. 10; Art. II, sect. 2; Art. Ill, sect. 2; Art. IV, 
sect. 2, § 1; sect. 3, § 1; sect. 4; Art. V; Art. VI, § 2; 
Art. VII; Amendments IX; X; XIII-XV. — Contemporaries, 
IV, §§ 141-157. — Source-Book, §§ 127-132. — Am. Hist. 
Lea/?ete, No. 26. — Lincoln's Proclamation (Sept. 22, 1862), 
Works, II, 239. — Am. Annual Cyclopaedia (1861), pp. 725, 
■726; J. D. Richardson, Messages and Papers, VI, 96. — 
Proclamation (Jan. 1, 1863), A. Lincoln, Works, II, 287, 288; 
J. D. Richardson, Messages and Papers, VI, 157. — Con- 
temporary Speeches, A. Johnston, Am. Orations, IV, 129, 
141, 149, 168, 181. — Reconstruction Acts, U. S. Statutes 
at Large, XIV, 37, 173, 428; XV, 2, 14, 72, 73, 83, 193.— 
Johnson's vetoes. Congressional Globe, 39 Cong,, 1 sess., 
915, 1679, 3849; 39 Cong., 2 sess., 1969; 40 Cong., 1 sess., 
313, 741; 40 Cong., 2 sess., 3330, 3484, 4235. — J. D. Rich- 
ardson, Messages, VI, 353, 372, 395, 445, 498, 521, 531, 536, 
545, 558, 583, 648, 672. — E. McPherson, Reconstruction, 
Parts i, ii. — Johnson's Proclamations, J. D. Richardson, 
Messages and Papers, VI, 310-334, 429, 655-660, 710; 
Congression/il Globe, 38 Cong., 1 sess., part 4, pp. 3448, 3449. 

Additional Constitutional Discussions. — J. I. C. 
Hare, Constitutional Law, I, 131, 509; II, 747, 948. — W. W. 
Willoughby, Constitutional System, ch. iv. — J. R. Tucker, 
Constitution, I, 338-341. — W. A. Sutherland, Notes on the 



278 CLASS-ROOM PAPERS [§ 160 

Constitution, 201, 240-243. — E. McClain, Constitutional 
Law, §§176, 181. — H. C. Black, Constitutional Law,. 
§§ 25-27. — T. M. Cooley, Constitutional Law, 190, 191, 216. 

Additional Cases. — Gunn v. Barry, 15 Wallace, 610. — 
White V. Cannon, 6 Wallace, 443. — U. S. v. Keehler, 9 
Wallace, 83. — Hickman v. Jones, 9 Wallace, 197. — Sprott 
V. U. S., 20 Wallace, 459. — Williams v. Bruffy, 96 U. S., 
176. — Ketchum v. Buckley, 99 U. S., 188. 

Additional Historical Discussions. — J. F. Rhodes,. 
United States, V, ch. xxx; VI, chs. xxxi-xxxiv, xxxvii, 
also pp. 168-204, 244-246; VII, chs. xli, xlii, also pp. 285- 
291. — A. B. Hart, Salmon P. Chase, chs. xiii, xiv. — G. C. 
Gorham, E. M. Stanton, II, chs. xc-cix. — J. S. Landon, 
Constitutional Hist., 250-261. — M. Storey, Charles Siim- 
ner, chs. xvi, xviii. — W. H. Barnes, Thirty-Ninth Congress, 
chs. iii, vi-xiii, xvii-xx, xxii. — J. G. Blaine, Twenty Years 
of Congress, II, 3-465. — H. Wilson, Slave Power, III, 603- 
630. — C. E. Chadsey, Struggle between President Johnson 
and Congress. — E. G. Scott, Reconstruction during Civil 
War. — F. W. Moore, Representation of Seceding States (Am. 
Hist. Review, II, 279, 461). 

Specimen Questions. — (1) May a State forfeit its 
privileges in the Union while remaining a State of the 
Union? — (2) May Congress divide a State which is in arms 
against the government, without its consent? — (3) Could 
Congress have affixed as a condition of the entrance of 
Utah into the Union that it ratify an amendment to the 
Federal Constitution prohibiting polygamy? 

§ 161. Paper No. 27. Regulation of Commerce. 

Bibliography. — MawuaZ, §§119, 120, 222. 

Select Constitutional Discussions. — W. A. Suther- 
land, Notes on the Constitution, 95-148, 234, 365, 444-456. — 
J. I. C. Hare, Constitutional Law, 427-503, 1256-1262.— 
T. H. Calvert, Regulation of Commerce. — E. McClain, Cony 
stitutional Law, §§ 84-93. 



§ 161] HISTORICAL 279 

Select Cases. — U. S. v. Brigantine "William," Am. 
Law Journal, II, 255; Thayer, Cases, 1786. — Gibbons 

V. Ogden, 9 Wheaton, 1; 6 Curtis, 1; Thayer, Cases, 730, 
1799; McClain, Cases, 235; Boyd, Cases, 172; John Mar- 
shall, Writings, 287. — Passenger Cases, 7 Howard, 283; 
17 Curtis, 122; Thayer, Cases, 1865; Boyd, Cases, 219. 

— Pensacola Telegraph Co. v. Western Union Telegraph 
Co., 96 U. S., 1; Thayer, Cases, 1985; McClain, Cases, 252. — 
U. S. V. Rio Grande Dam and Navigation Co., 174 U. S., 
690; McClain, Cases, 297. 

Select Historical Discussions. — A. B. Hart, National 
Ideals (Am. Nation, XXVI), chs. xiii, xvi. — J. B. McMaster, 
United States, III, 276-339. — H. Von Hoist, United States, 
I, 200-220. 

Sources. — U. S. Constitution, Art. I, sect. 8, §§3, 18; 
sect. 9, §§ 1, 5, 6; sect. 10, § 2; Art. IV, sect. 2, § 1; Art. 

VI, § 2. — Thomas Jefferson, Messages of Oct. 27 and 
Dec. 18, 1807, Statesman's Manual, I, 200-203, 204; Annals 
of Congress, 10 Cong., 1 sess., 14, 50; J. D. Richardson, Mes- 
sages, I, 425. — Embargo Acts, U. S. Statutes at Large, II, 
451, 453, 473, 499; W. MacDonald, Select Documents, 
Nos. 27, 28. — Debates, Annals of Congress, 10 Cong., 
1 sess., 50, 51, 1216-1220; T. H. Benton, Abridgment, III, 
640-644, 678-707. — Contemporary Discussions, M. Carey, 
The Olive Branch, chs. xxiv, xxv; J. Q. Adams, Memoirs, 
I, 491, 535. — E. Quincy, Josiah Quincij, 127-130, 139, 183. 

— T. Jefferson, Writings (Washington ed.). V, 226-243.— 
Niles' Register, XXXV, 138. — W. W. Story, Joseph Story, 
I, 165, 174-187, 223. — Federalist (Ford ed.), 65-72, 276; 
(Scott ed.), 234-236. — Contemporaries, III, § 54; IV, § 165. 

— Source-Book, § 81. 

Additional Constitutional Discussions. — C. S. Pat- 
terson, U. S. and the States, ch. iv. — J. N. Pomeroy, Con- 
stitutional Law, §§321-384. — J. Story, Commentaries, II, 
§§ 1056-1100. — T. M. Cooley, Constitutional Law (2d ed.), 



280 CLASS-ROOM PAPERS [§ 161 

63-79.— W. 0. Bateman, Constitutional Law, §§ 215-224. 
— J. R. Tucker, Constitution, 519-558. — J. D. Andrews, 
Am. Law, cli. xvi. — F. Wharton, Commentaries, §§ 418- 
430. — H. C. Black, Constitutional Law, 186-207, 368.— 
T. M. Cooley, Constitutional Limitations, 681-691, 845, 846, 
872-875. — E. Freund, Police Power, §§70-85, 372-394.— 
E. P. Prentice, Federal Power over Carriers and Corpora- 
tions, chs. i-v. — S. F. Miller, Constitution, ch. ix. — B. H. 
Meyer, Railway Legislation in the United States, Part III, 
chs. i-iv. — W. R. Howland, Police Power and Interstate 
Commerce {Harvard Law Review, IV, 221). — G. B. French 
and Jeremiah Smith, Power of a State to Divert an Inter- 
State River (Ibid., VIII, 138). — W. F. Dana, Federal 
Restraints upon State Regidations of Railroad Rates (Ibid, 
IX, 324). — F. W. Hackett, Power of Congress to Prescribe 
Railroad Rates (Ibid, XX, 127.) — V. Morawetz, Power of 
Congress to Regulate Railroad Rates (Ibid, XVIII, 572).— 
A. Moot, Railway Rate Regulation. 

Additional Cases. — Brown v. Maryland, 12 Wheaton, 
419; 7 Curtis, 262; Thayer, Cases, 1826; McClain, Cases, 
303; Boyd, Cases, 192: John Marshall, Writings, 358.— 
Willson V. Blackbird Creek Marsh Co., 2 Peters, 245; 8 
Curtis, 105; Thayer, Cases, 1837; McClain, Cases, 273; 
Boyd, Cases, 216. — License Cases, 5 Howard, 504; 16 Cur- 
tis, 513; Thayer, Cases, 1851; Boyd, Cases, 204. — Cooley 
V. Port Wardens, 12 Howard, 299; 19 Curtis, 143; Thayer, 
Cases, 1879; McClain, Cases, 275; Boyd, Cases, 235. — 
Pennsylvania v. Wheeling Bridge Co., 13 Howard, 518; 19 
Curtis, 621; Thayer, Cases, 1889; McClain, Cases, 282.- 
Gilman v. Philadelphia, 3 Wallace, 713; Thayer, Cases, 
1912. — The ''Daniel Ball," 10 Wallace, 557; Thayer, 
Cases, 1930; McClain, Cases, 260. — Escabana Co. v. Chicago, 
107 U. S., 678; Thayer, Cases, 2002; McClain, Cases, 285; 
Boyd, Cases, 299. — Morgan's Steamship Co. v. Louisiana 
Board of Health, 118 U. S., 455; Thayer, Cases, 2040; 



§ 162] HISTORICAL 281 

McClain, Cases, 376. — Leisy v. Hardin, 135 U. S., 100; 
Thayer, Cases, 2104; McClain, Cases, 378; Boyd, Cases, 269. 
— Luxton V. North River Bridge Co., 153 U. S., 525; 
Thayer, Cases, 2160. — Adams Express Co. v. Ohio State 
Auditor, 165 U. S., 194; McClain, Cases, 349. — Schollen- 
berger v. Pennsylvania, 171 U. S.. 1; McClain, Cases, 395. — 
WcvStern Union Telegraph Co. v. Call Publishing Co., 181 
U. S., 92. — American Express Co. v. Iowa, 196 U. S., 133. 
Additional Historical Discussions. — R. Hildreth, 
United States, VI, 36-44, 69-138. — H. Adams, United 
States, IV, 128-475; J. Schouler, United States, II, 156- 
204. — J. T. Morse, Thomas Jefferson, 286-320. — J. T. 
Morse, J. Q. Adams, 52-57. — T. Dwight, Hartford Con- 
vention, 83-106. — H. C. Lodge, George Cabot, 367-372, 
374, 382, 395. — H. Adams, Albert Gallatin, 365-381.— 
G. T. Curtis, Constitutional Hist., II, 7. — W. M. Meigs, 
Growth of the Constitution, 135-138, 173-175. — S. G. 
Fisher, Evolution of the Constitution, 225, 293. — J. S. 
Landon, Constitutional Hist., 349-353. — E. E. Sparks, 
National Development (Atn. Nation, XXIII), chs. iv, xviii, 
D. R. Dewey, National Problems (Am. Nation, XXIV), 
chs. vi, xii. — J. H. Latane, America as a World Power 
(Am. Nation, XXV), ch. xviii. 

Specimen Questions. — (1) May Congress compel rail- 
roads to adopt air brakes on freight trains running wholly 
within a single state? — (2) May the federal authorities 
forbid excursion steamers to follow the boats at the Pough- 
keepsie regatta? — (3) May a state lay taxes on the steve- 
dores who unload a steamer arriving from Europe? 

§ 162. Paper No. 28. Federal Control over Corporations. 

Bibliography. — Manua/, §§119, 120, 222. 

Select Constitutional Discussions. — E. Freund, 
Police Power, §§339-356, 375-385, 733, 734. — T. H. 
Calvert, Regulation of Commerce, ch, iv. — C. F. Randolph, 



282 CLASS-ROOM PAPERS [§ 162 

Federal Trust Legislation. — E. P. Prentice, Federal Power 
over Carriers and Corporations, chs. vi-viii. 

Select Cases. — U. S. v. E. C. Knight Co., 156 U. S., 1; 
Thayer, Cases, 2185; McClain, Cases, 263. — Addyston Pipe 
and Steel Co. v. U. S., 175 U. S., 211. — Montague v. 
Lowry, 193 U. S., 38. — Northern Securities Co. v. U. S., 
193 U. S., 197. — Pollock v. Farmer's Loan and Trust Co., 
157 U. S., 429; 158 U. S., 601; McClain, Cases, 223; 
Boyd, Cases, 91. — Veazie Bank v. Fenno, 8 Wallace, 533; 
Thayer, Cases, 1334; McClain, Cases, 222; Boyd, Cases, 56. 

Sources. — U. S. Constitution, Art. I, sect. 8, §§8, 18. 
— Contemporaries, IV, §201. — Interstate Commerce Act,. 
U. S. Statutes at Large, XXIV, 379; Revised March 2, 1889, 
U. S. Statutes at Large, XXV, 855. — Sherman Anti-Trust 
Act (July 2, 1890), U. S. Statutes at Large, XXVI, 209. — 
Act of August 27, 1894, Suppl. to Revised Statutes, II, 
333. — Senate Documents, 59 Cong., 2 sess., No. 266 (Act 
of June 29, 1906). — Industrial Commission, Reports, IL 
XIX. — Department of Labor, Bulletin, V, No. 29, pp. 
661-831. 

Additional Constitutional Discussions. — J. I. C. 
Hare, Constitutional Law, §§ 98, 105, 111, 249, 1310. — E. W. 
Huffcut, Constitutional Aspects of Federal Control of Corpo- 
rations (Am. Law Review, XXXIV, 186). — J. B. Clark, 
Control of Trusts. — W. M. Collier, The Trusts. What can 
We Do with Them? — A. B. Nettleton, Trusts or Competi- 
tion. — J. P. Clark, Monopolies and the Law {Pol. Sci. 
Quarterly, XVI, 463). — W. F. Dana, Monopoly under the 
National Anti-Trust Act {Harvard Law Review, VII, 338). — 
A. Russell, Federal Jurisdiction over State Corporations: 
{Ibid, VII, 16).— W. D. Guthrie, Constitutionality of the 
Sherman Anti-Trust Act {Ibid., XI, 80). — C. C. Langdell, 
The Northern Securities Case and the Sherman Anti-Trust 
Act (Ibid, XVI, 539). — W. F. Dana, The Supreme Court 
and the Sherman Act {Ibid, XVI, 178). — R. L. Raymond, 



§ 163] HISTORICAL 28^ 

Statement of the Trust Problem (Ibid, XVI, 79). — A. L. 
Haines, Poiver of Congress over Combinations Affecting 
Interstate Commerce (Ibid., XVII, 83). — C. C. Langdell, 
The Northern Securities Case under a New Aspect (Ibid., 
XVII, 41). — F. Pollock, The Merger Case and Restraint of 
Trade (Ibid, XVII, 151). — B. Wynian, The Law of Public 
Callings as a Solution of the Trust Problem (Ibid, XVII, 
156, 217). — V. Morawetz, The Anti-Trust Act and the Merger 
Case (Ibid, XVII, 533). — E. P. Prentice, Congress, and the 
Regulation of Corporations (Ibid., XIX, 168). — H. Pope, 
Legal Aspect of Monopoly (Ibid., XX, 167). 

Additional Cases. — McCuUoch v. Maryland, 4 Wheaton, 
316; 4 Curtis, 415; Thayer, Cases, 271; McClain, Cases, 1; 
Boyd, Cases, 308; John Marshall, Writings, 160. — Sinking 
Fund Cases, 99 U. S., 700; Thayer, Cases, 1693. — Casey v. 
Galli, 94 U. S., 673. — Reagan v. Mercantile Trust Co., 154 
U. S., 413. — Smyth v. Ames, 169 U. S., 466, 519-522.— 
Scholey v. Rew, 23 Wallace, 331. — U. S. v. Trans-Missouri 
Freight Assoc, 166 U. S., 290. — U. S. v. Joint Traffic 
Assn., 171 U. S., 505. — Nicol v. Ames, 173 U. S.. 509. — 
Minnesota v. Northern Securities Co., 194 U. S., 48. — 
Atlanta v. Chattanooga Foundry & Pipework, 127 Fed.^ 
23; 61 C. C. A., 387. — Robinson v. Suburban Brick Co., 
127 Fed., 804; 62 C. C. A., 484. — Ellis v. Inman, Poulsen, 
& Co., 131 Fed., 182; 65 C. C. A., 488. 

Specimen Questions. — (1) May Congress forbid the 
transportation of goods because made by child-labor? — 
(2) May the federal government require all corporations 
engaged in interstate business to take out federal charters? 
— (3) May the federal government give a monopoly of the 
banking business to the national banks? 

§ 163. Paper No. 29. Dependencies. 

Bibliography. — Manua/, §§35, 36, 85, 86, 115, 116, 
154, 160, 167, 168, 171, 173, 178, 185. — Guide, §§ 150, 168^ 
178, 198. 



284 CLASS-ROOM PAPERS [§ 163 

Select Constitutional Discussions. — W. W. Wil- 
loughby, Territories and Dependencies of the United States, 
chs. iv, vi, ix, xi. — -J. A. Woodburn, Am. Republic, 373- 
380. — C. F. Randolph, Law and Policy of Annexation. 

Select Cases. — De Lima v. Bid well, 182 U. S., 1. — 
Dooley v. United States, 182 U. S., 222. — Downes v. Bid- 
well, 182 U. S., 244. — Mendezona v. United States, 195 
U. S., 158. 

Select Historical Discussions. — A. L. Lowell, Colo- 
nial Expansion of the United States (Atlantic Monthly, 
LXXXIII, 145). — C. E. Boyd, Government of Newly 
Acquired Territory (Ibid., LXXXII, 735). — J. H. Latane, 
America as a World Power (Am. Nation, XXV), ch. viii. 

Sources. — Treaty of Paris, Dec. 10, 1898, Senate Docu- 
ments, 55 Cong., 3 sess., No. 62, Part i. — Report of the 
Philippine Commission to the President, Senate Documents, 
56 Cong., 1 sess., No. 138. — Philippine Information Society, 
Publications. — Speech of G. F. Hoar (April, 1900), Con- 
gressional Record, 56 Cong., 1 sess., 4278-4306. — Con- 
temporaries, IV, §§ 186-191. 

Additional Constitutional Discussions. — J. D. An- 
drews, Am. Law, 188. — W. A. Sutherland, Notes on the 
Constitution, 472, 599. — C. A. Gardiner, Our Right to 
Acquire and Hold Foreign Territory. — W. Reid, Problems 
of Expansion. — C. E. Magoon, Report on the Legal Status 
of Territory Acquired by the United States during the War 
with Spain. 

Select Periodical Articles. — C. F. Randolph, Con- 
stitutional Aspects of Annexation (Harvard Law Review, 
XII, 291). — S. E. Baldwin, Constitutional Questions inci- 
dent to the Acquisition of Island Territory (Ibid., XII, 393). 
— J. B. Thayer, Our New Possessions (Ibid, XII, 464). — 
C. C. Langdell, Status of our New Territories (Ibid, XII, 
365). — J. G. Palfrey, Growth of the Idea of Annexation 



§ 164] HISTORICAL 285 

(Ibid., XIII, 371).— A. L. Lowell, Status of Our New Pos- 
sessions (Ibid., XIII, 155). — C. E. Littlefield, The Insular 
Cases (Ibid., XV, 169, 281). — J. B. Thayer, Insular Tariff 
Cases in the Supreme Court (Ibid., XV, 164). — J. W. Bur- 
gess, Government of Distant Territory, Constitution and Neiv 
Territory (Pol. Sci. Quarterly, XIV, 1; XV, 388). — B. 
Harrison, Status of Anne.ved Territory (North Am. Review, 
CLXXII, 1). — G. F Edmunds, Insular Cases (Ibid., 
CLXXIII, 145). — G. S. Boutwell, The Supreme Court and 
Dependencies (Ibid., CLXXIII, 154). — L. S. Rowe, Insular 
Decisions (Annals Am. Acad. Pol. Sci., XVIII, 226). — 
E. Freund, Control of Dependencies (Pol. Sci. Quarterly, 
XIV, 19). — F. Williams, Ethical and Political Principles 
of Expansion (Ibid., XVI, 227). 

Additional Cases. — Diamond Rings Cases, 183 U. S., 
176. — Hawaii v. Mankichi, 190 U. S., 197. — Kepner v. 
U. S., 195 U. S., 100. — Dorr v. U. S., 195 U. S., 138. — 
Grossman v. U. S., 105 Fed., 608. 

Additional Historical Discussions. — H. P. .Tudson, 
Our Federal Constitution and Expansion (Review of Reviews, 
XIX, 67; XXI, 451). — A. B. Hart, Foundations of Am. 
Foreign Policy, chs. v, vi. 

Specimen Questions. — (1) Are the inhabitants of the 
Philippines entitled to all the privileges and immunities 
enjoyed by inhabitants of a State? — (2) May Congress 
deprive Hawaii of representative government? — (3) May 
Congress dissolve religious corporations found in Porto 
Rico when it was annexed? 

§ 164. Paper No. 30. Administrative Responsibility. 

Select Constitutional Discussions. — F. J. Good- 
now. Administrative Lavj, Book VI. — B. Wyman, Admin- 
istrative Law, chs. i-iii, v, vii, ix. — J. A. Fairlie, National 
Administration, 16-27, 40-43. 



286 CLASS-ROOM PAPERS [§ 164 

Select Cases. — Kendall v. U. S., 12 Peters, 524; 12 
Curtis, 834. — De Groot v. U. S., 5 Wallace, 419, 431.— 
Field V. Clark, 143 U. S., 649. — In re Kollock, 165 U. S., 
526; Goodnow, Cases, 108. — Naganab v. Hitchcock, 202 
U. S., 403. 

Sources.— U. S. Revised Statutes, §§202, 216, 354, 
417, 1296, 1549, 1752, 3141, 4778, 47 SO. — Opinions of 
Attorneys General, I, 624, 636, 678; II, 38, 481, 482, 507; 
IV, 515; V, 275, 630; VI, 10, 226, 365; VII, 453, 470; VIII, 
343; X, 413, 526, 527; XI, 14; XIII, 28; XV, 56, 94, 101. 

Additional Constitutional Discussions. — J. I. C. 
Hare, Constitutional Law, 131-145. — J. N. Pomeroy, Con- 
stitutional Law, §§ 639, 663-668, 715-728. — F. R. Mechem, 
Public Offices and Officers, §§589-615, 654-682, 788-795, 
904-907, 926-962. — E. M. Parker, Execuiive Judgments 
and Executive Legislation (Harvard Law Review, XX, 116). 
• — • E. Freund, Private Claims against the State (Pol. Sci. 
Quarterly, VIII, 625). — G. A. King, Claims against Govern- 
ments (Am. Law Register and Review, XXXII, 997). — G. N, 
Lieber, Remarks on Army Regulations. 

Additional Cases. — U. S. v. Butterworth, 112 U. S., 
50; Goodnow, Cases on Government, 93. — U. S. v. Black, 
128 U. S., 40; Goodnow, Cases, 91. — Boske v. Comingore, 
177 U. S., 459; Goodnow, Cases, 97. — Blue v. Beach, 155 
Ind., 121; Goodnow, Cases, 101. — U. S. v. Symonds, 120 
U. S., 46; Goodnow, Cases, 113. — Campbell v. U. S., 107 
U. S., 407; Goodnow, Cases, 116. — Dunlap v. U. S., 173 
U. S., 65; Goodnow, Cases, 120. — Bates & Guild Co. v. 
Payne, 194 U. S., 107; Goodnow, Cases, 124. — People v. 
Eckler, 19 Hun. (N. Y.) 609; Goodnow, Cases, 133.— 
American School of Magnetic Healing v. McAnnulty, 187 
U. S., 94; Goodnow, Cases, 135. — Hartranft's Appeal, 85 
Penn. St., 433; Goodnow, Cases, 159. — Little v. Barreme, 
2 Cranch, 176; Goodnow, Cases, 63. — U. S. v. Ju Toy, 
198 U. S., 253; Goodnow, Cases, 127. — Langford v. U. S., 



^ 165] HISTORICAL 287 

101 U. S., 341. — U. S. V. Lee, 106 U. S., 196. — Tindal v. 
Wesley, 167 U. S., 204. — U. S. v. San Jacinto Tin Co., 102 
U. S., 273. — Brig "Aurora," 7 Cranch, 382. — Caha v. 
U. S., 152 U. S., 211. — Carr v. Gordon, 82 Fed., 379.— 
Butler V. White, 83 Fed., 578. — Oil Co. v. Hitchcock, 
190 U. S., 316. — Miller v. Raum, 135 U. S., 200. — Bates 
^. Paine, 194 U. S., 104. — U. S. v. McDaniel, 7 Peters, 14. 
— Buttfield V. Stranahan, 192 U. S., 470. — Marbury v. 
Madison, 1 Cranch, 137; 1 Curtis, 368; Thayer, Cases, 107; 
McClain, Cases, 815; Boyd, Cases, 17. — Mississippi v. 
Johnson, 4 Wallace, 475; Thayer, Cases, 196; McClain, 
Cases, 102; Boyd, Cases, 652. — Georgia v. Stanton, 6 
Wallace, 50; Thayer, Cases, 201. 

Specimen Questions. — (1) May the President direct a 
treasury official to pay claims against the United States? 
— (2) Should post-masters be subject to dismissal because 
their superiors deem it for the good of the service? — (3) 
Ought the courts to have a right to review the action of 
commissioners in condemning land for public purposes? 

§ 165. Six Class-room Papers in Brief United States His- 
tory (Course B). 

The relation of these papers to the lectures and written 
work is set forth in the Manual, §§ 7, 57-63. 

Paper No. 1. Basis of English Claims to America; 
(Manual, §§ 136, 199, 200). 

Paper No. 2. Jeffersonian Democracy; {Manual, 
§ 142). 

Paper No. 3. Extent of the Monroe Doctrine; 
{Manual, §§145, 182). 

Paper No. 4. Responsibility for the Civil War; 
(Manual, § 157). 

Paper No. 5. Limitation on Immigration; (Manual, 
1225). 

Paper No. 6. Dependencies; (Manual, § 163). 



288 CLASS-ROOM PAPERS [§ 166 

§ 166. Thirty Class-room Papers in American Diplomacy 
(Course C). 

For a general description of the class-room papers see 
Manual, §§ 7, 21. For the relation of the successive papers 
to the lectures which they are intended to illustrate, see 
Manual, § § 66-86. The papers do not fit together to form 
a comprehensive view of international questions; they illus- 
trate controversies and bases of international agreements, 
but leave untouched other side issues. Nevertheless they 
include such questions as the British acts of trade, neutral 
trade, allegiance, force of treaties, privateering, waterways, 
etc., in the light of modern practice. 

§ 167. Paper No. 1. Principles of European Claims to wild 
Territory. 

Bibliography. — Manual, §§26, 65, 66; cf. Papers, 
Nos. 2, 5; Manual, §§ 168, 171. — Guide, §§ 82-90. 

Select Historical Discussions. — J. Winsor, Narra- 
tive and Critical Hist., II, chs. i-viii; IV, chs. i-iii, v, viii, 
ix. — E. G. Bourne, Essays in Historical Criticism, Nos. 7, 
8. 

Select Treatises. — W. E. Hall, International Law (4th 
ed.), 106-130. — J. N. Pomeroy, International Law, §§91- 
103. — J. B. Moore, Digest, §§ 80-81. 

Sources. — Contemporaries, I, §§17, 18, 34-36, 38. — 
F. Snow, Cases and Opinions, 6-12. — J. B. Scott, Cases, 
§§32-40. 

Additional Historical Discussions. — J. Winsor, Chris- 
topher Columbus, chs. ix-xvi. — J. Winsor, Cartier to Fron- 
tenac, chs. i-iii, ix-xiii. — H. Harrisse, Diplomatic Hist, of 
America. — R. Hildreth, United States, I, ch. i. — H. H. Ban- 
croft, Pacific States, I, chs. ii-iv, ix; IV, chs. i-vi; XIII, ch. 
iii; XXII, chs. v-vii. — W. Kingsford, Canada, I, chs. i-vi. — 
C. Gayarre, Louisiana, 1, 14-40, 57-59. 



§ 168] DIPLOMATIC 289 

Additional Treatises. — Bluntschli, Droit International, 
§§278, 279. — Bonfils, Droit de Gens, §§ 536-563, — Jeze, 
Etude sur VOccupation. — F. von Liszt, Das Vdlkerrecht, 
90-92. — J. B. Moore, International Arbitrations, II, 1909- 
1922. — R. Phillimore, Inter 7mtional Laio (3d ed.), I, 324- 
341, 349-352. — A. Rivier, Droit de Gens, 188-197. — T. 
A. Walker, International Law, 158-161. — T. Twiss, Law 
of Nations, I, §§113-134. — T. J. Lawrence, International 
Law, §§ 92-96. — H. S. Maine, International Lata, 66-71. — 
C. Calvo, Droit International (4th ed.), I, 23-25, 388-390,, 
432. — J. Westlake, International Law, 160-177. — Law- 
rence's Wheaton, 304-308. 

Specimen Questions. — (1) Did the Spanish discovery 
of the mouth of the Mississippi give good title to the whole 
valley of the Mississippi? — (2) Had the Spanish good title 
to any part of the coast of North America north of the 
present Florida? — (3) Did the French have good title to 
the eastern slope of the Mississippi valley? 

§ 168, Paper No. 2. Theory of Indian Land-holding. 
Bibliography. — Manual, §§67, 68, cf. Papers, Nos. 

I, 5; Manual, §§ 167, 171. — Guide, § 80. 

Select Historical Discussions. — G. E. Ellis. Red 
Man and White Man, chs. iv, vi. — J. Winsor, Narrative 
and Critical Hist., I, 286, 296-298, 300. 

Select Treatises. — J. B. Moore, Digest, § 16. — J. 
Story, Commentaries, I, §§ 3-38, 152-154. 

SovRCBs. — Contemporaries, I, §§ 40, 45, 60, 64, 92, 123, 
127, 133, 152, 162. — Mass. Hist. Society, Collections, 3d 
ser., II, 270; V, 35-59; 4th ser., V, 338; 5th ser., IX, 118- 
120. — Colonial Laws of Massachusetts (1660-1672), 160- 
\ 162, 181; (1672-1686), 74, 75. — Massachusetts Records, I, 
243, 394, 400; III, 281; IV, part i, 102; part ii, 282.— 
W. W. Hening, Statutes of Virginia, I, 323-326, 456, 467; 

II, 138-143. — New York Colonial Documents, I, 58, 99, 



290 CLASS-ROOM PAPERS [§ 168 

123, 287; II, 557; VI, 59, 294, 295, 850, 851, 865, 962; 
VII, 76, 313, 473, 590. — C. C. Royce, Indian Land Ces- 
sions in the U. S. (Bureau of Ethnology, Eighteenth Annual 
Report, 1896-7), Pt. ii. — C. J. Kappher, Indian Affairs, 
Lands and Treaties (Senate Documents, 51 Cong., 1 sess., 
No. 452, 2 vols.). 

Select Cases. — Cherokee Nation v. Georgia (1831), 5 
Peters, 1; 9 Curtis, 178; P. Cobbett, Leading Cases, 1. — 
Johnson v. Mcintosh (1823), 8 Wheaton, 543; 5 Curtis, 503; 
F. Snow, Cases, 6; J. B. Scott, Cases, 71. — Elk v. Wil- 
kins (1884), 112 U. S., 94; F. Snow, Cases, 230; J. B. Scott, 
Cases, 398. — U. S. v. Kagaraa (1886), 118 U. S., 375; 
F. Snow, Cases, 233; J. B. Scott, Cases, 404. — Cherokee 
Nation v. Southern Kansas Railway Co. (1889), 135 U. S., 
641. — Lone Wolf v. Hitchcock (1903), 187 U. S., 553. 

Additional Historical Discussions. — E. Channing, 
United States, I, 382-384; II, ch. viii. — P. A. Bruce, Eco- 
nomic Hist, of Virginia, I, 493-498. — M. Egleston, Land 
System, 4-7. 

Additional Treatises. — J. Kent, Commentaries, III, 
377-400. — Dana's Wheaton, note 24. — H. S. Maine, 
International Law, 71-75. — T. Twiss, Law of Nations, I, 
§§ 135-137. — Laiwence's Wheaton, 68-70, 306. — R. Phil- 
limore, International Law (3d ed.), II, 340, 341, 345-349. — 
C. Calvo, Droit International (4th ed.), I, 208-210; VI, 7. 

Specimen Questions. — (1) Was England bound to 
recognize treaties made by the Five Nations with France? 
— (2) Could individual Englishmen purchase land from 
the Indians? — (3) Were the Indians subjected to the 
authority of the colonies within whose charter limits they 
lived? — (4) Could an individual Indian sell land to a 
colonial government? 

§ 169. Paper No. 3. Execution of the British Acts of Trade. 
Bibliography. — Manual, §§67, 68. — Guide, §§133, 
134, 146. 



§ 169] DIPLOMATIC 291 

Select Historical Discussions. — W. E. H. Lecky, 
England (Eng. ed.), II, 7-11; III, 299-310. — G. E. Howard, 
Preliminaries of the Revolution {Am Nation, VIII), ch.s. 
iii, iv, vi, vii. — E. M. Avery, United States, II, ch. ii; III, 
ch. xi. 

Select Treatises. — W. J. Ashley, Surveys Historic and 
Economic, 311-360. — E. Channing, Navigation Laws, 12- 
16. 

Sources. — Contemporaries, I, §§54, 70, 135, 240; II, 
§§45, 46, 49, 131, 146. —Am. Hist. Leaflets, No. 19.— 
W. MacDonald, Select Charters, Nos. 22, 23, 25, 28, 34. — 
Prince Society, Andros Tracts, I, 41; II, 57. — Colonial 
Laws of Massachusetts (1672-1686), 258, 289, 290. — North 
Carolina Colonial Records, 1, 244-246. — New York Colo- 
nial Documents, III, 44-47, 263; IV, 303, 461, 462; V, 58, 
59. — T. Pownall, Administration of the Colonies (4th ed.), 
.231-312. — Prince Society, Edward Randolph, II-V (see 
Indexes, s. v. Acts of Trade). 

Additional Historical Discussions. — J. Winsor, Nar- 
rative and Critical Hist., VI, 11, 12. — G. Bancroft, United 
States (final ed.), Ill, 35, 59-62. — J. G. Palfrey, Compen- 
dious Hist, of New England, III, 148, 178-180, 317, 318, 
330, 331, 339; IV, 297, 298, 305, 331, 332, 381. — W. Tudor, 
James Otis, chs. v, vi. — W. B. Weeden, Economic and 
Social Hist, of New England, I, 232-243; II, 556-559.— 
J. R. Seeley, Expansion of England, 65-70. — R. Hildreth, 
United States, II, 197-199, 498-500. — C. M. Andrews, 
Colonial Self-Government (Am. Nation, V), ch. i, and 30- 
32, 38, 155-158, 176, 244, 253, 25^262, 266, 331. — E. B. 
Oreene, Provincial America (Am. Nation, VI), ch. i, and 
31-36, 177-179, 219, 274, 289, 293-295. — H. L. Osgood, 
Am. Colonies in the 17th Century, III, ch. vii. 

Additional Treatises. — G. L. Beer, Commercial Policy 
cf England, 32-34, 123-143. — E. L. Lord, Industrial Ex- 
periments in the English Colonies, 124-139. — G. L. Beer, 
British Colonial Policy, 1754-1765. 



292 CLASS-ROOM PAPERS [§ 169 

Specimen Questions. — (1) Could Great Britain lay- 
revenue duties on imports as part of her commercial regu- 
lation? — (2) Under the Acts of Trade could the colonies 
send ship timber direct to France? — (3) Could French 
vessels carry sugar from Hayti to Pennsylvania? — (4) 
Was the "enumerated goods" clause a hardship to the 
colonies? 

§ 170. Paper No. 4. Rule of 1756. 

Bibliography. — i¥an?mZ, §§69, 70, 176, 179, 188, 192. 

Select Historical Discussions. — A. T. Mahan, Sea 
Power and French Revolution, II, 234-239, 242, 266-269, 
353-356. — J. Madison, Examination of the British Doc- 
trine (Writings, II, 229-391). — 1 Wheaton's Reports, App. 
III. 

Select Treatises. — J. B. Moore, Digest, VII, §1180. 
— R. Phillimore, International Law (3d ed.). Ill, 370-384. 

Sources. — Contemporaries, III, § 120. — Annual Register, 
I, 144-175; XLVIII, 246-248. — C. Jenkinson, Discourse 
on the Conduct of Great Britain (1757). 

Select Cases. — F. Snow, Cases, 502-508. — J. B. Scott, 
Cases, 845-848. — P. Cobbett, Leading Cases, 330-333. — 
Other cases are titled in R. Phillimore, International Law, 
III, 385, 386. 

Additional Historical Discussions. — E. Channing, 
Jeffersonian System (Am. Nation, XII), 175, 176, 197, 
203-206. — W. W. Story, Joseph Stonj, I, 285-289. 

Additional Treatises. — J. G. Bluntschli, Das Volker- 
recht, §§ 799, 800. — Bonfils, Droit de Gens, § 1534.— 
E. Creasy, International Law, § 621 — A. Rivier, Droit de 
Gens, II, 411. — T. Twiss, Law of Nations, II, §100.— 
W. E. Hall, International Law (4th ed.), § 234. — R. Phil- 
limore, International Law (3d ed.). Ill, 370-384. — T. D. 
Woolsey, International Law (6th ed.), §§200, 201. — C. 
Calvo, Droit International (4th ed.), I, 49; IV, 562-566. — 



§ 171] DIPLOMATIC 293 

T. Ortolans, Diplomatie de la Aler, II, book iii, ch. v. — 
A. G. Heffter, Droit International, § 165. — T. A. Walker, 
International Law, 258-262, 399, 400. — H. Wheaton, Hist, 
of the Law of Nations, 217-229. — Lawrence's Wheaton, 
814-819. — Dana's Wheaton, § 508. — H. W. Halleck, In- 
ternational Law (Baker ed.), II, 325-339. — J. Kent, Com- 
mentaries, I, 81-85. 

Specimen Questions. — (1) Was the Rule of 1756 a 
principle of international law? — (2) Did the Rule of 1756 
apply to trade from the French colonies to the United 
States during the Revolutionary War? — (3) Would the 
Rule of 1756 have applied to trade from Canada to the 
United States during the Revolution? 

§ 171. Paper No. 5. Basis of English Claims to America. 

Bibliography. — Manual, §§65, 66; cf. Papers Nos. 1, 2, 
Mafiual, §§ 167, 168; Guide, §§ 92-96. 

Select Historical Discussions. — J. Winsor, Narra- 
tive and Critical Hist., Ill, chs. i-iv. — E. Channing, 
United States, I, 33-42, 124-129, 156; II, chs. xxii, xxxiii. 
— L. G. Tyler, England in America (Am. Nation, IV), ch. i. 

Select Treatises. — J. B. Moore, Digest, I, 258-263. — 
C. Calvo, Droit International (4th ed.), I, 408-416. 

Sources. — Contemporaries, I, §§26, 27, 32, 46-48, 51- 
54, 72, 78, 106, 109. — Am. Hist. Leaflets, No. 9. — W. 
MacDonald, Select Charters, Nos. 1, 4. — A. Brown, Genesis 
of the United States, I, 88-90, 100, 102, 118-124, 260-264; 
II, 609, 610, 669-675. — "R. S.," Nova Britannia (P. 
Force, Tracts, No. 6). — M. F. Farnham, Farnham Papers, 
Nos. 1-50 (Maine Hist. Soc, Collections, 2d ser., VII). — 
R. Hakluyt, Discourse on Western Planting. 

Additional Historical Discussions. — E. M. Avery, 
United States, I, chs. xi, xxi. — A. Brown, Genesis of the 
United States, I, 1-28. — C. F. Lucas, Historical Geography, 
V, ch. i. — J. R. Brodhead, New York, I, 4, 10, 11, 92, 



294 CLASS-ROOM PAPERS [§ 171 

96, 138, 257, 323, 324, 340, 663, 725, 735; II, 249-251. — 
J. Winsor, Mississippi Basin, ch. xv. — G. Bancroft, 
United States (last ed.), I, ch. iii. — J. R. Seeley, Expan^ 
sion of England, lect. vii. — J. A. Doyle, English in America^ 
I, ch. iv. — R. Hildreth, United States, I, chs. i, iii. — M. 
Christy, Attempts toward Colonization (Am. Hist. Rev., IV, 
678-702). 

Additional Treatises. — See references on Paper No. 1, 
Manual, § 167. 

Specimen Questions: (1) Had Great Britain good title 
to Maine previous to 1713? — (2) Had England a right to 
grant to Connecticut in 1662 a charter to limits extend- 
ing to the Pacific? — (3) Was the English title to Georgia 
good in 1748? 

§ 172. Paper No. 6. Execution of the Spanish Colonial PoUcy. 

Bibliography. — Manual, §§65, 66; cf. Paper No. 3,. 
Manual, § 169. — Guide, § 86. 

Select Historical Discussions. — P. P. Leroy-Beau- 
lieu. Colonisation chez les Peuples Modernes (3d ed.), 1-40, 
251-273. — J. Winsor, Narrative and Critical Hist., VIII, 
chs. iv, V. — P. S. Reinsch, Colonial Government, ch. iii. — 
E. G. Bourne, Spain in America (Am. Nation, III), chs. xiv- 
xvii. 

Sources. — Contemporaries, I, §§23, 29-31, 33, 36, 46, 
48; II, §118; III, §45; IV, §§187, 188. — Annual Reg- 
ister, IX, 2, 1^20; XV, 10-12; XXVIII, 35-37; LII, 223- 
231; LVII, 127. — Status as determined in Cuba, Porta 
Rico, and The Philippines, President's message of April 11, 
1898, House Documents, 55 Cong., 2 sess., LXIV, No. 405; 
Consular Correspondence, House Documents, 55 Cong., 2 sess., 
LXIV, No. 406; Affairs in Cuba, Senate Reports, 55 Cong., 
2 sess.. No. 885; H. K. Carroll, Report on Porto Rico; Re- 
ports of Philippine Commissions, Senate Documents, 5G 
Cong., 1 sess., No. 138; 56 Cong., 2 sess., No. 112. 



§ 173] DIPLOMATIC 295 

Additional Historical Discussions. — F. W. Black- 

inan, Spanish Colonization in the Southwest, 7-14, 48- 
63. — T. G. F. Raynal, Histoire des Etablissements et du 
Commerce des Europeens dans les deux Indes (ed. 1781), IV, 
227-294. — J. M. Callahan, Cuba and International Rela- 
tions, ch. ii. — B. Moses, Spanish Rule in America, 17-26, 
293-313. — E. J. Payne, European Colonies, 49-53. — J. 
H. Latane, United States and Spanish America, ch. i. — 
A. Helps, Spanish Conquest, IV, 362-400. — H. Butter- 
worth, South America, 69-92. — G. Bancroft, United States 
(10 vol. ed.), I, 34-68. — R. G. Watson, Spanish and Por- 
tuguese South America, II, chs. viii-x. 

Specimen Questions. — (1) Did the Spanish colonial policy 
seriously interfere with the prosperity of the Spanish colonies? 
(2) Did the Spanish authorities show any special favor 
to French trade? — • (3) Was trade with the Spanish colonies 
ever an offence against the British Acts of Trade? 

§ 173. Paper No. 7. Territorial Policy during the Revolution 
and Confederation. 

Bibliography. — Manual, §§ 71, 72, 163; cf. Papers Nos. 
12, 19, Manual, §§ 178, 185. — Guide, §§ 150, 161. 

Select Historical Discussions. — F. J. Turner, West- 
ern State Making {Am. Hist. Rev., I, 70-87, 251-269).— 
G. T. Curtis, Constitutional Hist., I, 90-94, 196-208. — T. 
Roosevelt, Winning of the West, II, chs. x-xii; III, chs. i-vi. 

— C. H. Van Tyne, Am. Revolution (Am. Nation, IX), ch. 
XV. — A. C. McLaughlin, Confederation and Constitution 
(Am. Nation, X), chs. vii, viii. 

Sources. — Contemporaries, III, §§42-47. — Am. Hist. 
Leaflets, Nos. 22, 32. — M. Hill, Liberty Documents, ch. xvi. 

— Journals of Congress, VI-XII (see Index, s. v. Territory, 
Territorial claims. Western territory). — Secret Journals of 
Congress, I, 427-447. — E. Cutler, Manasseh Cutler, I, 152- 
197, 292-305; II, 373-384. 



296 CLASS-ROOM PAPERS [§ 173 

Additional Historical Discussions. — C. E. Bond, 
County of Illinois {Am. Hist. Review, IV, 623). — G. Ban- 
croft, Hist, of the Constitution, I, 154-156, 168-183; II, 98- 
118. — R. Hildreth, United States, III, 398-400, 527-529. 
— W. Kingsford, Canada, VI, 499-519. — J. Winsor, Nar- 
rative and Critical Hist., VII, 527-541. — J. Winsor, West- 
ward Movement, 167-169, 185-187, 198-208, 245-247, 
257-267, 280-293. — B. A. Hinsdale, Old Northwest, chs. 
xi-xvi. — A. B. Hart, Foundations, §§ 42-44. 

Specimen Questions. — (1) Did Congress look upon the 
region beyond the mountains as conquered territory? — (2) 
Did Congress contemplate permanent dependencies? — (3) 
How far were any groups of people in the West independent 
prior to 1787? 

§ 174. Paper No. 8. BreaMng the Instructions of Congress at 
Paris. 

BiBL OGRAPHY. — Manual, §§ 71, 72, 175; Guide, § 141. 

Select Historical Discussions. — J. Winsor, Narra- 
tive and Critical Hist., VII, ch. ii. — G. Bancroft, United 
States (last ed.), V, 472-474, 525-527, 547-553, 562-580.— 
A. C. McLaughlin, Confederation and Constitution (Am. 
Nation, X), chs. i, ii. 

Select Treatises. — J. B. Moore, Digest, V, 621-671. — 
Dana's Wheaton, §§257-262. 

Sources. - — F. Wharton, Revolutionary Diplomatic Corre- 
spondence, IV-VI (see Index, s. v. Peace commissioners). — 
J. Jay, Correspondence and Public Papers, II, 345-347, 353, 
366-452; III, 14-19, 56-64.— J. Adams, Works, III, 299- 
303, 307-314, 336, 347, 366; VII, 150, 151, 627, 653; VIII, 
87-91; IX, 514-517. — B. Franklin, Works (Bigelow ed.), 
VIII, 228-234, 239, 240. — Secret Journals of Congress, II, 
224-228, 339, 340, 445, 446. 

Additional Historical Discussions. — W. F. Johnson, 
Century of Expansion, 48-57. — E. E. Hale, Franklin in 



§ 175] DIPLOMATIC 297 

France, II, chs. vi-xi. — G. Pellew, John Jay, chs. vii, viii. — W. 
H. Trescot, Diplomacy of the Revolution, ch. iv. — T. Lyman, 
Diplomacy of the U. S. (2d ed.); I, 100-106, 118-128.— 
F. Wharton, Revolutionary Diplomatic Correspondence, 1, 
Introduction, §§ 109-111., 158; R. Hildreth, United States, 
III, 413, 417-420. — J. Adams, Works, I, 340-342, 363- 
376, 386-396. — H. Doniol, Participation de la France, V, chs. 
V, vi. — W. E. H. Lecky, England (Eng. ed.), IV, 255-264. 

Additional Treatises. — R. Phillimore, International 
Law (3d ed.), II, 255. — C. Calvo, Droit International (4th 
ed.). Ill, 171, 172. — W. E. Hall, International Laio (4th 
ed.), 347.- — Lawrence's Wheaton, 443-452. — Dana's Whea- 
ton, §§257-262. 

Specimen Questions. — (1) Were the suspicions of Jay 
toward Vergennes justified? — (2) Were the instructions of 
1781 a hard and fast rule for the commissioners? — (3) Did 
the commissioners get a better treaty by negotiation apart 
from France. 

§ 175. Paper No. 9. Policy of American Isolation. 

Bibliography. — MawwoZ, §§33, 34, 73, 74, 174, 183, 
195; Guide, §§ 164, 178. 

Select Historical Discussions. — J. S. Bassett, Feder- 
alist System (Am. Nation, XI), ch. vi. — F. J. Turner, New 
West {Am. Nation, XIV), ch. xii. — T. D. Woolsey, Amer- 
ica's Foreign Policy, 1-21, 169, 170, 188-191. 

Sources. — Contemporaries, III, §§92-94. — Am. Hist. 
Leaflets, No. 4. — M. Hill, Liberty Documents, ch. xviii. — 
J. B. Moore, Digest, VI, § 927. — G. Washington, Writings 
(Sparks ed.), X, 533-548; XII, 202-209, 228-233. —T. 
Jefferson, Works (Washington ed.), see Index, vol. IX. — 
J. D. Richardson, Messages and Papers, 1, passim. 

Additional Historical Discussions. — T. Lyman, Di- 
plomacy of the U. S. (2d ed.), I, 291-312. — W. H. Trescot, 
Diplomatic Hist, of the Administrations of Washington and 



298 CLASS-ROOM PAPERS [§ 175 

Adams, 137-146. — R. Hildreth, United States, IV, 412-415, 
686; V, 421. — A. B. Hart, Foundations, §§ 1, 6, 8, 12.— T. 
Roosevelt, Am. Ideals, No. 12. — R. Olney, International 
Isolation of the U. S. (Atlantic Monthly, LXXXI, 577-588). 
Specimen Questions. — (1) Did the policy of United 
States before 1801 include the idea that foreign states must 
not interfere in America? — (2) Did Washington desire 
that the United States confine its influence to America? 

§ 176. Paper No. 10. Was France entitled to complain of 
the Jay Treaty? 

Bibliography. — ManmZ, §§33, 34, 73, 74, 179; cf. 
Paper No. 18, Manual, § 184. — Guide, § 162. 

Select Historical Discussions. — J. S. Bassett, Fed- 
eralist System (Am. Nation, XI), ch. viii, and 82, 196, 212- 
214, 218. — J. B. Moore, Arbitrations, V, 4414-4432. — T. 
Lyman, Diplomacy of the U. S. (2d ed.), I, 177-208. 

Sources. — J. B. Moore, Digest, §§826, 827. — Am. 
Statc Papers, Foreign, 1, 470-525, 559-583, 594-598, 711, 
712, 730-747. — Annals of Congress, 4 Cong., 1 sess. (1796), 
970-1291. — T. H. Benton, Abridgment, I, 702-754. — 
M. Carey, Am. Remembrancer. — J. Monroe, View of the 
Conduct of the Executive. — Contemporaries, III, §§96, 97. 

— G. Washington, Writings (Sparks ed.), XI, 483-487, 
504-529. 

Additional Historical Discussions. — H. Flanders, Lives 
of the Chief Justices, I, 401-414.— R. Hildreth, United States, 
IV, 539-556, 591-616; V, 73-78. — H. Von Hoist, United 
States, I, 131-138. — J. J. Lalor, Cijclopcedia, II, 634-638. 

— J. Schouler, United States, I, 308-326. — W. H. Trescot, 
Diplomatic Hist, of the Administrations of Washington and 
Adams, 69-128, 152-168. — W. Jay, John Jay, I, 322- 
342. — G. Pellew, John Jay, ch. xi. — D. C. Gilman, James 
Monroe (ed. 1885), 57-67, 221-229; (ed. 1900), 60-70, 252- 
260. — Ja^j's Treaty (Nation, LXI, 460, 461). — F. C. Gray, 



§ 177] DIPLOMATIC 29& 

Jay's Treaty {North Am. Rev., XVII, 142-180). — W. C. 
Rives, James Madison, III, 527-534, 545-547, 569-578. — 
H. S. Randall, Thomas Jefferson, II, 267-284. 

Specimen Questions. — (1) Did the privilege given to 
British ships by the Jay Treaty nullify any French privi- 
leges? — (2) Was the suspicion of Monroe towards Jay 
justified? 

§ 177. Paper No. 11. Allegiance and Impressment. 

Bibliography. — Manual, §§73, 74; cf. Paper No. 21, 
Manual, § 158; cf. Paper No. 26, Manual, § 192. — Guide, 
§§ 162, 170-172, 192. 

Select Historical Discussions. — E. Channing, Jef- 
fersonian System {Am. Nation, XII), chs. xiv, xv, and 203- 
208, 234, 237, 255, 263. — J. B. Moore, Arbitrations, I, 842, 
843, 898, 899. — H. Adams, United States (see Index, s. v. 
Impressment) . 

Select Treatises. — J. B. Moore, Digest, II, §§ 317-320; 
III, § 484. — Dana's Wheaton, §§ 108, 109, and Q7n. 

Sources. — American State Papers, Foreign, I-III (see 
Indexes under Impressment, Seamen), especially II, 489; 
III, 25, 3&-87, 137, 140, 154, 173-176, 348, 574-583, 695- 
699, 704, 739; VI, 368-372. — ^nm/s of Congress, 3 Cong., 
1 sess. (1794), 772-774; 4 Cong., 1 sess. (1796), 381-400, 802- 
820. — Contemporaries, III, §§ 116-119. — British acts and 
treaties, in R. Phillimore, International Law (3d ed.), I, 
653-666. — T. Dwight, Hartford Convention, 52-64, 225- 
228. — F. Snow, Cases and Opinions, 213-219. — J. Sparks, 
Gouverneur Morris, II, 20-23; III, 276, 280, 281. — T. 
Jefferson, Writings (Washington ed.), Ill, 204-207, 334, 
442^44, 525; IV, 133; V, 54, 63, 64; VI, 427, 467. — H. S. 
Randall, Thomas Jefferson, II, 476; III, 298, 380w, 400n. — 
D. Webster, Works, II, 540; V, 140-146; VI, 318-328, 353, 
356, 453-455, 522-528. — J. Adams, Inadmissible Prin- 
ciples of the King of England's Proclamation {Works, IX, 
312-330). 



300 CLASS-ROOM PAPERS [§ 177 

Additional Historical Discussions. — J. W. Foster, 
Century of Am. Diplomacy, 235-238. — C. Schurz, Henry 
Clay, I, 70-96. — R. Hildreth, United States, IV, 442, 540, 
563, 627; V, 73, 268, 534-536, 653-657, 661; VI, 262, 296, 
349-353, 389, 457, 491. — T. Lyman, Diplomacy of the 
U. S. (2d ed.), II, 11-17. — W. H. Trescot, Diplomatic 
Hist, of the Administrations of Washington and Adams, 88- 
90, 116. — G. Tucker, United States, I, 520; II, 87, 88, 209- 
211, 285, 297. — J. J. Lalor, Cyclopcedia, II, 79-82. — K. C. 
Babcock, Rise of Am. Nationality (Am. Nation, XIII), 48, 
76, 182. 

Additional Treatises. — W. E. Hall, International Law 
(4th ed.), 224, 225, 257-280. — J. Kent, Commentaries, 1, 15S- 
158. — Lawrence's Wheaton, 210-219. — F. Wharton, Com- 
mentaries, §§194-197, 238. — T. A. Walker, International 
Law, 123-131. — H. W. Halleck, International Law (Baker 
ed.), II, 300-304. — H. Wheaton, Hist, of the Law of Na- 
tions, 585, 737-749. — H. Wheaton, Enquiry into the Valid- 
ity of the British Claim. — W. B. Lawrence, Visitation and 
Search, 1-5, 13-15, 123. — T. Coxe, Examination of the 
Conduct of Great Britain, 43-48. 

Select Cases. — Talbot v. Janson (1795), 3 Dallas, 133; 
1 Curtis, 128. — MTlvaine v. Coxe's Lessee (1808), 4 Cranch, 
209; 2 Curtis, 74. — Inglis v. Trustees of the Sailor's Snug 
Harbor (1830), 3 Peters, 99; 8 Curtis, 305. — White v. 
Hart (1871), 13 Wallace, 646. 

Specimen Questions. — (1) Can a person at will with- 
draw himself from allegiance to any and all governments? — 
(2) Was a man, English born, resident in the United States 
in 1782, but never naturalized, subject to impressment? 

§ 178. Paper No. 12. Status of Territory Annexed but not 
Organized. 

Bibliography. ^ — Manual, §§35, 36, 73, 74; cf. Papers 
Nos. 19, 29, Manual, §§ 153, 163; cf. Papers, Nos. 7, 19; 
Manual, §§ 173, 185. — Guide, § 108. 



§ 178] DIPLOMATIC 301 

Select Historical Discussions. — E. Channing, Jeffer- 
sonian System (Am. Nation, XII), chs. v, vi. — K. C. Bab- 
cock, Rise of Am. Nationality (Am. Nation, XIII), ch. xvii. — 
G. P. Garrison, Westward Extension (Am. Nation, XVII), 
chs. i, xi, xix. — P. S. Reinsch, Colonial Government, part 
vii. 

Select Treatises. — J. B. Moore, Digest, I, 80-99. — 
W. F. Willoughby, Territories and Dependencies, chs. i, ii. 

— J. A. Woodburn, Am. Republic, 362-397. 

Select Cases. — American Insurance Co. v. Canter 
(1828), 1 Peters, 511; 7 Curtis, 685; Thayer, Cases, 350; 
McClain, Cases, 827. — Downes v. Bidwell (1901), 182 U. S., 
244. — Dooley v. United States (1901), 182 U. S., 222. 

Sources. — Contemporaries, III, §§ 113, 114; IV, §§ 186- 
191. — Am. Hist. Leaflets, No. 32. — M. Hill, Liberty Docu- 
ments, ch. xxiv. — A. H. Howe, Insular Cases, House Docu- 
ments, 56 Cong., 2 sess., No. 509 (briefs and arguments in 
the Portd Rican and Philippine cases) . — Report on Govern- 
ment of Hawaii, House Reports, 56 Cong., 1 sess.. No. 305. 

— Report of Philippine Commission to President, Senate 
Documents, 56 Cong., 1 sess.. No. 138. — Philippine Infor- 
mation Society, Publications. — ■ Speech of G. F. Hoar 
(1900), Congressional Record, 56 Cong., 1 sess., 4278-4306. 

Adpitional Historical Discussions. — W. A. Dunning, 
Reconstruction (Am. Nation, XXII), 156, 157. — W. F. 
Johnson, Century of Expansion, 154-159. — H. Von Hoist, 
United States, III, 308, 322, 351, 385-401, 422-430, 
442-455. — A. B. Hart, Foundations, chs. v, vi. — G. T. 
Curtis, Constitutional Hist., I, 532, 542, 544; II, 198, 
199, 227. — H. Adams, United States, II, 118-131, 399, 
401. — F. X. Martin, Louisiana, ch. xxvii. — S. E. Bald- 
win, Historic Policy of the U. S. (Am. Hist. Assoc, Annual 
Report, 1893, pp. 369-390). — D. S. Jordan, Imperial Democ- 
racy, Nos. 3, 4. — W. Reid, Problems of Expansion. — • 
G. C. Lewis, Government of Dependencies (Lucas ed.), In- 



302 CLASS-ROOM PAPERS [§ 178 

troduction. — T. Williams, Ethical and Political Principles 
of Expansion (Annals Am. Acad. Pol. Sci., XVI, 227- 
242). — A. L. Lowell, Colonial Expansion (Atlantic Monthly, 
LXXXIII, 145-154). 

Additional Treatises. — J. N. Pomeroy, Constitu- 
tional Law, §§ 483-489. — J. Story, Commentaries, §§ 1282- 
1289, 1317, 1319-1321, 1508. — T. M. Cooley, Constitu- 
tional Law, 182-186. — J. R. Tucker, Constitution, II, 
605-610. — J. D. Andrews, Am. Law, ch. ix. — E. McClain, 
ConstitutioTial Law, ch. xxxii. — A. P. Morse, Civil and 
Political Status of Inhabitants of Ceded Territories (Harvard 
Law Rev., XIV, 262). — Lawrence's Wheaton, 55, 56, 99w, 
lOOn, 312-316, 513n, 5Un, 591-597, 683w, 684w. — F. 
Wharton, Commentaries, §§460-465. — F. H. Giddings, 
Democracy and Empire, chs. i, xvi, xvii. — L. S. Rowe, 
Supreme Court and Insular Cases (Annals Am. Acad. Pol. 
Sci., XVIII, 226-250). — J. W. Burgess, Government of Dis- 
tant Territory; Constitution and Newly Acquired Territory (Pol. 
Science Quarterly, XIV, 1-18; XV, 381-398). — J. Lowndes, 
Law of Annexed Territory (Ibid., XI, 672-693). — E. Freund, 
Control of Dependencies through Protectorates (Ibid., XIV, 
19-38).— R. D. Hunt, Legal Status of California, 1846-1849 
(Annals Am. Acad. Pol. Sci., XII, 387-408). — A. L. Lowell, 
Status of our New Possessions (Harvard Law Rev., XIII, 155- 
176). — C. F. Randolph, Notes on the Law of Territorial 
Expansion. 

Additional Cases. — Callan v. Wilson (1887), 127 U. S., 
540; Thayer, Cases, 358. — Kincaid v. United States (1893), 
150 U. S., 483. — Goetze v. United States (1900), 103 Fed., 
72. — Binns v. United States (1903), 194 U. S., 486.— 
Hawaii v. Mankichi (1902), 190 U. S., 197. — Mendezona v. 
United States (1904), 195 U. S., 158. — Kepner v. United 
States (1903), 195 U. S., 100. — Grossman v. United States 
(1900), 105 Fed., 608. — Dorr v. United States (1903), 
195 U. S., 138. 



§ 179] DIPLOMATIC 303 

Specimen Questions. — (1) Was Louisiana "incorpor- 
ated" into the Union before 1811? — (2) Did the previous 
laws of California all remain in force after 1848? — (3) 
Were the Philippines in the United States in 1899? 

§ 179. Paper No. 13. Were the Orders in Council and De- 
crees Contrary to International Law? 

Bibliography. — Manual, §§35, 36, 73, 74, 176, 177; 
cf. Papers Nos. 22, 23, Manual, §§188, im. ~ Guide, 
§§ 170-172. 

Select Historical Discussions. — E. Channing, Jeffer- 
sonian System (Am. Nation, XII), chs. xiii-xv, xviii, xix. — 
H. Adams, United States (see Index, s. v. Decree and Order 
in Council). — A. T. Mahan, Sea Power and French Revo- 
lution, II, 269-292, 313, 351-357. 

Select Treatises. — J. B. Moore, Digest, VII, §§ 1179, 
1183-1188, 12QQ-128Q. — Laivrence's Wheaton, 736-769w. 

Sources. — Am. State Papers Foreign, III, 29-31, 203- 
206, 209-213, 220, 259-291, 384, 405-407, 417-421, 431- 
433, 509-512, 609-612. — Contemporaries, III, §§ 118, 120- 
122. — Source-Book, §81. — H. Adams, Albert Gallatin, 
365n. — T. C. Hansard, Parliamentary Debates, X, 314-339; 
XXI, 1092-1163; XXIII, 486-547. — J. Stephen, War in 
Disguise. — G. Morris, Answer to War in Disguise. 

Additional Historical Discussions. — T. Lyman, 
Diplomacy of the U. S. (2d ed.), I, 406-422; II, 23-48. — 
J. B. Moore, Arbitrations, I, 299-316; V, 4447-4456.— 
A. G. Stapleton, George Canning, 139-153. 

Additional Treatises. — J. C. Bluntschli, Droit Inter- 
national, §§827-839. — C. Calvo, Droit International, V, 
§§2827 et seq., §§2909 et seq. — W. E. Hall, International 
Law (4th ed.), §§257 et seq. — Dana's Wheaton, §§509- 
523. — T. A. Walker, International Law, 412-428. — R. 
Phillimore, International Law (3d ed.). Ill, 311-313, 
515-521. — T. D. Woolsey, International Law (6th ed.), 



304 CLASS-ROOM PAPERS [§ 179 

§ 206. — H. W. Halleck (Baker ed.), International Law, II, 
325-339. — F. DeCussy, Phases et Causes CeUhres du Droit 
Maritime, II, 276-280. 

Select Cases on Blockades. — F. Snow, Cases and 
Opinions, 254-279, 490-502. — J. B. Scott, Cases, 796-844. 

Specimen Questions. — (1) Had Great Britain a right 
to limit the vessels which might enter the French ports? — ■ 
(2) Could France seize vessels because bound for British 
ports? 

§ 180. Paper No. 14. Northeastern Fishery Rights. 
Bibliography. — Manual, §76. — Guide, §§141, 172, 
174. 

Select Historical Discussions. — J. B. Moore, Arbi- 
trations, I, 426-430, 703-753. — C. B. Elliott, U. S. and 
the Northeastern Fisheries. — J. B. Henderson, Am. Diplo- 
matic Questions, 451-529. 

Select Treatises. — J. B. Moore, Digest, I, §§ 163-168. 
— F. Snow, Treaties and Topics, 427-470. 

General Sources. — Contemporaries, II, § 217; III, 
§ 128; IV, § 173.— J. Adams, Works, I, 381-384; III, 302, 
327-339, 345; X, 131-133, 137, 159-161, 403-405. — B. 
Franklin, Works (Bigelow ed.), VIII, 122n, 164w, 165n, 
168n. — J. Q. Adams, Duplicate Letters. — J. Q. Adams, 
Memoirs (see Index, s. v. Fisheries). 

Official Sources. — • Secret Journals of Congress, II, 
148-167. — Official correspondence, Am. State Papers, For- 
eign, III, 348-407, 809-811; V, 675-696, 735-752; House 
Executive Documents, 41 Cong., 3 sess. (1870), I, 407-433; 
46 Cong., 2 sess. (1880), XXIV, No. 84; 49 Cong., 1 sess. 
(1885), I, 460-469; 49 Cong., 2 sess. (1886, 1887), I, 334- 
527; XVIII, No. 19; XXIV, No. 153. — Treaties, U. S. 
Treaties and Conventions, 371, 377, 415, 416, 449, 450, 452, 
486, 487, 491, 498-500. — F. Snow, Treaties and Topics, 
65, 79-81; 90-92; 98; 99. — Statutes of the United Kingdom, 



§ ISO] DIPLOMATIC 305 

59 Geo. Ill, ch. 38. — Halifax Commission, Documents and 
Proceedings. — F. Wharton, Diplomatic Correspondence of 
the Revolution (see Index, s. Y. Fisheries). — J. D. Richard- 
son, Messages and Papers, V, 227; VII, 102-104, 226; 
VIII, 449, 500, 603-607, 620-630, 779, 780. 

Additional Historical Discussions. — A. C. McLaugh- 
lin, Confederation and Constitution {Am. Nation, X), 25, 
26. — K. C. Babcock, Rise of Am. Nationality {Am. 
Nation, XIII), 183, 184, 262-265. — T. C. Smith, Parties 
and Slavery {Am. Nation, XVIII), 80. — W. A. Dunning, Re- 
construction {Am. Nation, XXII), 167-171. — D.R.Dewey, 
National Problems {Am. Nation, XXIV), ch. vii. — C. Isham, 
The Fishery Question. — J. I. Doran, Our Fishery Rights in 
the North Atlantic. — J. G. Blaine, Twenty Years of Con- 
gress, II, 615-637. — T. Lyman, Diplomacy of the United 
States (2d ed.), I, 114-117; II, 86-101. — W. Kingsford, 
Canada, VII, 140, 141, 147; IX, 344, 345. — L. Sabine, 
Report on the Principal Fisheries of the American Seas, 325- 
340, 389-489 {House Executive Documents, 32 Cong., 2 sess., 
1853, No. 23). — E. Schuyler, American Diplomacy, 404- 
420. — J. J. Lalor, Cyclopaedia, III, 941-944. — J. B. 
McMaster, United States, IV, 270-273, 457-469. — P. H. 
Smith, Acadia, 313-318. — W. E. Curtis, U. S. and Foreign 
Powers, 163-168. — H. Y. Hind, Fraudident Records. — 
H. Y. Hind, Fisheries Commission Frauds. — - W. V. Wells, 
Samuel Adams, III, 65, 149-152. 

Additional Treatises. — T. Twiss, Law of Nations, I, 
§§185, 191.— F. Snow, Treaties and Topics, 427-470.— 
F. Snow, International Law, § 12. — Lawrence's Wheaton, 
312-314, 323-328n, 462-471. — Dam's Wheaton, note 142. 
— T. J. Lawrence, International Law, § 111. — P. Cobbett, 
Leading Cases, 350-353, 364-368. — T. D. Woolsey, Inter- 
national Law (6th ed.), § 59. 

Specimen Questions. — (1) Is there any indefeasible 
right to deep sea fisheries? — (2) Could the United States 



306 CLASS-ROOM PAPERS [§ 180 

and Great Britain by joint agreement extend the maritime 
boundary of Nova Scotia to ten miles from the coast? — • 
(3) Were the Newfoundland privileges of the treaty of 1818 
meant to be perpetual? 

§ 181. Paper No. 15. Navigation of the Mississippi and St. 
Lawrence Rivers. 

Bibliography. — Manual, §§ 73, 74. — Guide, § 153. 

Select Historical Discussions. — A. C. McLaughlin, 
Confederation and Constitution {Am. Nation, X), 15, 16, 
29, 91-100. — J. S. Bassett, Federalist System (Am. Nation, 
XI), ch. V. — E. Channing, Jeffersonian System (Am. Nation, 
XID, ch. iv. — G. T. Curtis, Constitutional Hist., I, 208-220, 
671-673. 

Select Treatises. — J. B. Moore, Digest, I, 623-626, 
631-635. — W. E. Hall, International Law (4th ed.), 136- 
146. — T. J. Lawrence, International Law, § 112. 

Sources. — J. Q. Adams, Duplicate Letters, American 
State Papers, Foreign, I, 247-263, 271-274, 438, 439, 533- 
549; V, 539-543, 561-563, 571-579; VI, 757-777. — F. Snow, 
Cases and Opinions, 32-41. — P. Cobbett, Leading Cases, 
45, 46. 

Additional Historical Discussions. — W. F. Johnson, 
Century of Expansion, ch. iii. — T. Lyman, Diplomacy of 
the U. S. (2d ed.), I, 221-258. — W. H. Trescot, Diplomatic 
Hist, of the Administrations of Washington and Adams, 
43-50, 225-267. — G. Bancroft, Hist, of the Constitution, II, 
295-298. — W. Kingsford, Canada, IX, 305, 306. — T. Roose- 
velt, Winning of the West, III, ch. iii. 

Additional Treatises. — Lawrence^ s Wheaton, 346-362. 
— Dana's Wheaton, §§193-205, note 118. — H. Wheaton, 
History of Law of Nations, 498-517. — R. Phillimore, Inter- 
national Law (3d ed.), I, 223-228, 240-247. — J. N. 
Pomeroy, International Law, §§ 131-136. — C. Calvo, Droit 
International, I, 433-435, 447-451. 



§ 182] DIPLOMATIC 307 

Specimen Questions. — (1) Had Great Britain any 
right of navigation on tlie Mississippi from 1783 to 1812? — 
(2) Have the Americans a greater right to use the river St. 
Lawrence than the Canadians have to use the Erie Canal? 

§ 182. Paper No. 16. Doctrine of the Recognition of New 
States. 

Bibliography. — Man^^aZ, §§37, 38, 77, 78, 183, 191, 
194. — Gidde, § 178. 

Select Historical Discussions. — .J. H. Latane, U. S. 
and Spanish America, ch. ii. — ■ T. Lyman, Diplomacy of 
the United States (2d ed.), II, 422-492. — F. L. Paxson, In- 
dependence of S. A. Republics. 

Select Treatises. — J. B.. Moore, Digest, I, §§27-42, 
75. — Dana's Wheaton, §§20-27, notes 15, 16. — J. N. 
Pomeroy, International Law, 264-312. 

Sources. — Contemporaries, III, §§142, 145, 146. — F. 
Wharton, Diplomatic Correspondence of the Revolution (see 
Index, s. v. Independence). — Am. State Papers, Foreign, 
IV, 173-183, 412-418, 818-851; V, 794-797; VI, 1006- 
1014. — Monroe'd Message on recognition, J. D. Richard- 
son, Messages, 11, 116-118. — ^ Jackson's Message on Texas, 
Ibid., Ill, 265-269. — Polk's Message on the French Re- 
public, Ibid., IV, 579, 580. — J. Q. Adams, Memoirs (see 
Index, s. v. South America, South American Independence). 
— A. Gallatin, Writings, II, 73, 74, 240, 241. — J. Madison, 
Writings, III, 267. ■ — J. Mackintosh, Miscellaneous Works 
(ed. 1851), 747-768. 

Additional Historical Discussions. — H. H. Ban- 
croft, Pacific States, VIII, 46-53; XI, 300-303. — J. M. 
Callahan, Cuba and International Relations, ch. v. — T. 
Lyman, Diplomacy of the U. S., II, 422-492. — M. Bernard, 
Neutrality of Great Britain, 122-170. — W. E. Curtis, U. S. 
•and Foreign Powers, 76-78, 85. — J. G. Blaine, Twenty 
Years of Congress, I, 571-580, 595-600. 



308 CLASS-ROOM PAPERS [§ 182 

Additional Treatises. — Lawrence's Wheaton, 36-51n; 
Dana's Wheaton, §§ 20-27, notes 15, 16. — T. J. Lawrence, 
International Law, §§57-60. — A. S. Hershey, Recognition 
of Cuban Belligerency, Intervention and Recognition (Annals 
Am. Acad. Pol. Sci., VII, 450-461; XI, 353-380). — W. E. 
Hall, International Law (4th ed.), 87-95. — J. C. Bluntschli, 
Droit International (2d ed.), 67-73. — C. Calvo, Droit In- 
ternational (4th ed.), I, 84-98. — A. W. Heffter, Droit 
International, § 23. — T. D. Woolsey, International Law 
(6th ed.), §§39-41. — E. S. Creasy, Platform of Inter- 
national Law, 677-681. — T. A. Walker, International Law, 
115-118. 

Specimen Questions. — (1) Could Monroe have recog- 
nized the Spanish American States without action by Con- 
gress? — (2) Did recognition in 1822 bind the United 
States to keep up diplomatic intercourse? 

§ 183. Paper No. 17. Extent of the Monroe Doctrine. 

Bibliography. — Manwo/, §§37, 38, 77, 78; cf. Paper 
No. 11, Manual, § 145; cf. Papers, Nos. 9, 28, 30, Manual, 
§§ 175, 194, 19Q. — Guide, § 178. 

Select Historical Discussions. — J. H. Latane, U. S. 
and Spanish America, 266-289. — W. F. Reddaway, Monroe 
Doctrine, ch. ix. — A. B. Hart, Monroe Doctrine in its 
Territorial Extent and Application. 

Select Treatises. — J. B. Moore, Digest, VI, §§927- 
969. — C. Calvo, Droit International, 1, 266-355. — R. 
Phillimore, International Law, I, 433-483. 

Sources. — Ajn. Hist. Leaflets, No. 4. — Contemporaries, 
III, §§143-150; IV, §§ 179-195. — M. Hill, Liberty Docu- 
ments, ch. XX. — J. D. Richardson, Messages, IV, 212, 398, 
539, 540, 581-583; VII, 61-63, 99-101, 129; IX, 632, 655- 
658. — J. Q. Adams, Memoirs, VI, 163, 177-215. — R. Rush, 
Residence at the Court of London, chs. xx-xxiv. — G. Can- 
ning, in R. Phillimore, International Law (3d ed.), II, 545- 
559; III, 886-896. 



§ 183] DIPLOMATIC 309 

Official Sources. — Correspondence, Am. State Payers, 
Foreign, V, 834-^97, 900-905, 916-919; VI, 364-366, 579, 
580, 582, 583. — Senate Executive Documents, 46 Cong., 
2 sess., No. 112; 47 Cong., 1 sess., No. 194; 48 Cong., 1 
sess., No. 26. (Reprint of these three documents in Depart- 
ment of State, Correspondence relative to the Canal, Clayton- 
Bulwer Treaty, and the Monroe Doctrine) . — Correspon- 
dence relating to Spanish American colonies, Am. State 
Papers Foreign, III, 538-545. — Report on South America, 
State Papers, 15 Cong., 2 sess., No. 48. — President Mon- 
roe's Message (1823), State Papers, 18 Cong., 1 sess., No. 2; 
J. D. Richardson, Messages, II, 218. — Proceedings of the 
Panama Congress, House Executive Documents, 19 Cong., 
1 sess., No. 157; 19 Cong., 2 sess.. No. 23. — On the Isth- 
mian Canal, Senate Executive Documents, 32 Cong., 1 sess., 
No. 7. — On the Central American Question, House Execu- 
tive Documents, 34 Cong., 1 sess., No. 1. — On Mexican 
Affairs, House Executive Documents, 39 Cong., 1 sess., Nos. 
6, 20, 56, 73, 93, 137; 39 Cong., 2 sess., No. 76; 40 Cong., 
1 sess.. No. 20. — Message of President Grant on Cuba, 
Senate Executive Documents, 41 Cong., 1 sess.. No. 99. — 
Documents on the Venezuela Question (1895), 54 Cong., 
1 sess., Nos. 31, 189, 195, 804, 806. — Papers on Venezuela 
Arbitration, Senate Documents, 58 Cong., 2 sess.. No. 316. 

Additional Historical Discussions. — F. J. Turner, 
Rise of the New West (Am. Nation, XIV), ch. xii. — J. B. 
McMaster, With the Fathers, 1-54. — T. B. Edgington, 
Monroe Doctrine. — ■ S. M. Hamilton, Monroe Doctrine. — ■ 
J. A. Kasson, Evolution of the Constitution, 221-273. — 
A. T. Mahan, Lessons of the War urith Spain, 207-241. — 
J. B. Moore, ylm. Diplomacy, 131-168. — J. Schouler, 
United States, III, 280-304, 329-332, 358-366; IV, 532, 
533; V, 219, 311-315; VI, 427-436, 535, 621, 622. — J. F. 
Rhodes, United States, VI, 205-211. — E. B. Andrews, 
Last Quarter Century, II, 1. — T. Roosevelt, Am. Ideals, 228- 



310 CLASS-ROOM PAPERS [§ 183 

246. — A. B. Hart, Foundations, ch. vii. — D. C. Gilman^ 
James Monroe, ch. vii. — T. J. Lawrence, Essays on Disputed 
Questions. 89-162. — M. D. de Beaumarchais, Doctrine de 
Monroe. — J. W. Foster, Century of Am. Diplomacy, 438- 
478. — J. B. Henderson, Am. Diplomatic Questions, No. 4. 

— F. Snow, Treaties and Topics, 237-427.— W. E. Curtis^ 
U. S. and Foreign Powers, 93-106. — T. Lyman, Diplo- 
macy of the U. S. (2d ed.), II, 467-489. — J. W. Burgess, 
Recent Pseudo- Monroeism (Pol. Sci. Quarterly, XI, 44-67). 

— J. B. Moore, Monroe Doctrine (Ibid., XI, 1-29). — D. R. 
Dewey, National Problems (Am. Nation, XXIV), ch. xix. — 
J. H. Latane, America as a World Power (Am. Nation, 
XXV), chs. XV, xvi. 

Additional Treatises. — Dana's Wheaton, 96-113. — 
T. J. Lawrence, International Law, 131-135, 247-251. — 
Lawrence's Wheaton, 124n, 155-159. — T. A. Walker, In- 
ternational Law, 137-150. — F. Wharton, Commentaries, 
250-258. — H. Petin, Etats-Unis et la Doctrine de Monroe. 

— G. F. Tucker, Monroe Doctrine. 

Specimen Questions. — (1) Would the Monroe Doctrine 
apply to a German protectorate of Brazil? — (2) Did the 
Monroe Doctrine apply in 1823 to Cuba? — (3) Did the 
Monroe Doctrine ever apply to the Hawaiian Islands? 

§ 184. Paper No. 18. Responsibility of a Government for not 
carrjdng out a Treaty. 

Bibliography. — Manual, §§121, 122, 297; cf. Paper 
No. 10, Manual, § 176. 

Select Historical Discussions. — J. B. Moore, Arbitra- 
tions, V, 4457-4485. — S. B. Crandall, Treaties, their Mak- 
ing and Enforcement, 106-147. 

Select Treatises. — J. B. Moore, Digest, VI, §§1022- 
1031 ; VII, ch. xxii. — E. W. Huffcut, International Liability 
for Mob Injuries (Annals Am. Acad. Pol. Sci., II, 69-84). — 
J. W. Burgess, Federal Government and International Respon- 
sibility (Pol. Sci. Quarterly, VI, 338). 



§184] DIPLOMATIC 311 

Select Cases. — Foster v. Neilson (1829), 2 Peters, 253, 
314; 8 Curtis, 108, 121. — Head Money Cases (1884), 112 
U. S., 580, 597. — Geofroy v. Riggs (1889), 133 U. S., 
258. — New Orleans v. Abbagnato (1894), 62 Federal 
Reporter, 240; Scott, Cases, 320 and note. 

Sources. — Official Correspondence on New Orleans 
Mobs (1890), Senate Executive Documents, 32 Cong., 1 sess., 
I, 60-66; IX, No. 86; House Executive Documents, 52 Cong., 
1 sess., I, 658-728. — F. Snow, Cases and Opinions, 181- 
183. — Documents on Japanese in San Francisco Schools 
(1907), Senate Documents, 59 Cong., 2 sess., No. 104. — 
Message of President, Congressional Record, 59 Cong., 2 sess., 
XLI, 491. 

Additional Historical Discussions. — W. G. Sumner, 
Andrew Jackson (ed. 1890), 170, 171, 295, 343-348; (ed. 
1900), 216-218, 344, 402-408. — M. Bernard, Lectures on 
Difilomacy, 163-205. — Japanese in California {World's 
Work, XIII, 8689). — J. A. Hart, Oriental Problem {Ibid., 
XIII, 8690.) — W. Inglis, Reasons for California's Attitude 
{Harper's Weekly, LI, 82). — J. Kahm, The Question of 
Japan {Independent, LXII, 26). — J. L. Cowan, Japanese 
Question {Overland, New Series, XLIX, 87). — G. Kennan, 
Japanese in San Francisco Schools {Outlook, LXXXVI, 246). 

Additional Treatises. — C. Calvo, Droit International 
(3d ed.). Ill, 142-156, 388-393. — W. E. Hall, International 
Law (4th ed.), 345-349. — Lawrence's Wheaton, 455-460. — 
H. W. Halleck, International Law (Baker ed.), I, 231-234, 
237-242. — J. Bryce, Legal and Constitutional Aspects of 
the Lynching at New Orleans {New Review, IV, 385). — E. 
Root, Real Question under the Japanese Treaty {Am. Journal 
of International Law, I, 273). — Javanese Situation {Ibid., 
1, 449-452). 

Specimen Questions. — (1) Was the United States 
bound in international law by the arbitration award of 
1831 as to the Maine boundary? — (2) Can a country get 



312 CLASS-ROOM PAPERS [§ 184 

out of obligations incurred by treaty, by holding itself 
subject to a money indemnity? — (3) Is a state bound to 
receive such persons as may be admitted under a treaty? 

§ 185. Paper No. 19. Government of Military Conquests pre- 
vious to Cession. 

Bibliography. — Manual, §§ 39, 40, 79, 80; cf. Manual, 
§§ 163, 173, 194. 

Select Historical Discussions. — E. G. Bourne, Essays 
in Historical Criticism, No. 9. — H. H. Bancroft, Pacific 
States, VIII, 448, 529, 530; XVII, chs. ix, xvii. — J. H. 
Hittell, California, II, 458-468, 573, 637, 655-672. 

Select Treatises. — J. B. Moore, Digest, I, §87; VII, 
§§ 1143-1156. — C. Calvo, Droit International (4th ed.), 
IV, 212-235, 387-395. — W. E. Hall, International Law 
(4th ed.), 481-504, 587-595. — J. E. Magoon, Military 
Occupation. 

Select Cases. — F. Snow, Cases and Opinions, 364-380. 
— U. S. V. Rice (1819), 4 Wheaton, 246; 4 Curtis, 391; 
J. B. Scott, Cases, 655. — Am. Insurance Co. v. Canter 
(1828), 4 Peters, 511; J. B. Scott, Cases, 657. — Fleming v. 
Page (1851), 9 Howard, 603; 18 Curtis, 278; J. B. Scott, 
Cases, 659. — Jecker v. Montgomery (1861), 13 Howard, 
498; 19 Curtis, 615; J. B. Scott, Cases, 664. — U. S. v. 
Moreno (1863), 1 Wallace, 400, 404; J. B. Scott, Cases, 
666. — New Orleans v. Steamship Co. (1874), 20 Wallace, 
387. — Mechanics Bank v. Union Bank (1875), 22 Wallace, 
276. — Harrison v. Myer (1875), 92 U. S., 111. — Gates v. 
Goodloe (1879), 101 U. S., 612. -De Lima v. Bidwell (1900), 
182 U. S., 1. — Dooley v. U. S. (1900), 182 U. S., 222.— 
Armstrong v. U. S. (1900), 182 U. S., 243. — Downes v. 
Bidwell (1900), 182 U. S., 244. — Huus v. New York & 
Steamship Co. (1900), 182 U. S., 392. — Diamond Rings 
Cases (1901), 183 U. S., 176; J. B. Scott, Cases, 667. 



§ 186] DIPLOMATIC 313 

Sources. — Military government of Mexico, House Ex- 
ecutive Documents, 29 Cong., 2 sess. (1846), No. 19; 30 Cong., 
2 sess. (1849), No. 47. — Military government of California, 
W. Colton, Three Years in California, 17, 47, 55, 65; W. 
T. Sherman, Memoirs, I, 30, 31, 36, 37, 40, 41. — Military 
Government of the Philippines and Porto Rico. (See 
Paper No. 12, Manual, § 178.) 

ADDiTiONAii Treatises. — R. D. Hunt, Legal Status of 
California, 1846-1849 {Annals Atn. Acad. Pol. Sci., XII, 
387-408). — C. Becker, Acquisition and Government of 
Dependent Territonj (Ibid., XVI, 404-420). — E. Freund, 
Control of Dependencies through Protectorates (Pol. Sci. 
Quarterly, XIV, 19-38). — J. Kent, Commentaries, I, 93n. — 
Lawrence's Wheaton, G82-685n. — Dana's Wheaton, note 
169. — H. W. Halleck, International Law (Baker ed.), II, 
444-460, 493-507. — R. Phillimore, International Law (3d 
€d.). Ill, 812-816. 

Specimen Questions. — (1) Had Kearney the right to 
ordain a civil constitution for New Mexico? — (2) Could 
Congress have provided a civil form of government for 
California previous to 1848? — (3) Could the President lay 
taxes on Porto Rico for the support of the local govern- 
ment previous to 1899? 

§ 186. Paper No. 20. The Mosquito Question. 

Bibliography. — .¥anua^, §§79, 80, 187, 196; cf. Paper 
No. 30, Manual, § 196. 

Select Historical Discussions. — G. P. Garrison, West- 
ward Extension {Am. Nation, XVII), 286-293. — T. C. 
Smith, Parties and Slavery (Am. Nation, XVIII), ch. vi, 
and 253, 257. — W. F. Johnson, Four Centuries of the 
Panama Canal, ch. iv. — I. D. Travis, Clayton-Bulwer 
Treaty, ch. i. 

Select Treatises. — J. B. Moore, Digest, III, §§354, 
367. — Lawrence's Wheaton, 70n, 71n, 369, 370, 455n. 



314 CLASS-ROOM PAPERS [§ 185 

Sources. — G. Henderson, British Honduras. — E. G, 
Squier, Nicaragua, II, 250-302, 412-452. — P. F. Stout, 
Nicaragua, chs. xvii-xxvii. 

Official Sources. — Correspondence, Senate Executive: 
Documents, 31 Cong., 2 sess. (1851), No. 43; 32 Cong., 2 
sess. (1853), Nos. 12, 27. — House Executive Documents, 31 
Cong., 1 sess. (1850), No. 75. — [British] Parliamentary 
Papers (1856), LX [2052], [2107]; (1860), LXVIII [2748]. 

Additional Historical Discussions. — T. B. Edging- 
ton, Monroe Doctrine, ch. v. — H. H. Bancroft, Pacific 
States, III, ch. xii. — P. Cobbett, Leading Cases, 353, 354. 

— F. Snow, Treaties and Topics, 326-347. — J. C. Rod- 
rigues, Panama Canal, 26-37, 173-232. — J. Schouler, 
United States, Y, 174-177, 310-312, 339-342, 365, 454. 

— J. B. Henderson, .4m. Diplomatic Questions, 159-167. — 
C. P. Lucas, Historical Geography of the British Colonies, II, 
ch. ix. — T. J. Lawrence, Essays on Disputed Questions, No. 
3. — G. T. Curtis, James Buchanan, I, ch. xxii; II, ch. v.. 

— L. M. Keasbey, Nicaragua Canal and the Monroe Doctrine^ 
chs. viii-xii. 

Specimen Questions. — • (1) Had Great Britain at any 
time a genuine protectorate of the Mosquito Coast? — 
(2) Was BeHze inckided in the Clayton-Bulwer Treaty? 

§ 187. Paper No. 21. Application of Personal Status in a 
Foreign Country. 

Bibliography. — Manual, cf. Paper No. 11, Manual, § 177. 

Select Historical Discussions. — J. B. Moore, In- 
ternational Arbitrations, III, 2449-3424. 

Select Treatises. — J. B. Moore, Digest, II, §§197- 
202, 250-266. — W. E. Hall, International Law (4th ed.), 
§§ 62, 71-74, 87. — J. B. Moore, Extraterritorial Crime and 
the Cutting Case. 

Select Cases. — F. Snow, Cases and Opinions, \12-\14:,, 
225-229. — U. S. v. Davis (1873), 2 Sumner (U. S.), 482; 



§ 187] DIPLOMATIC 315 

J. B. Scott, Cases, 294. — State v. Wyckoff (1864), 2 Vroom 
(N. J.), 65; J. B. Scott, Cases, 294. — U. S. v. Smiley (1864), 
6 Sawyer (U. S.), 640; J. B. Scott, Cases, 302. — Common- 
wealth V. Macloon (1869), 101 Mass., 1; J. B. Scott, Cases, 
300; Commented on in Bishop's New Criminal Law, 1, 
60-66, and notes. — Commonwealth v. Blanding (1825), 
3 Pickering (Mass.), 304; J. B. Scott, Cases, 300n. — Cutting 
Case (1886), House Executive Documents, 49 Cong., 1 sess., 
No. 371. — FoUiott v. Ogden (1789), 1 H. Black., 123, 
135. — Wolff V. Oxholm (1817), 6 Maule & Selwyn, 99.— 
Macleod v. Attorney-General (1841), 1891, Appeal Cases, 
455. — Commonwealth v. Green, 17 Mass., 514, 539-543. 
— Scovill V. Canfield, 14 Johnson (N. Y.), 338, 440.— 
U. S. V. Pelican Insurance Co. (1887), 127 U. S., 265, 
289-291; commented on in W. E. Hall, International Law 
(4th ed. ), 218-222. 

Additional Treatises. — T. E. Holland, Jurisprudence 
(9th ed.), 400-405. — F. Wharton, Philosophy of Criminal 
Law, 309 et seq. — L. von Bar, Private International Law 
(Gillespie's Translation), 620 et seq. — W. E. Hall, Foreign 
Powers and Jurisdiction of the British Crown, 1-15. — H. Bon- 
fils, Droit International, §§436-438. — F. de Martens, Droit 
International, I, §§85-86. — A. Rivier, Droit International, 
I, 271, 867. — H. Taylor, International Public Law, §§ 194- 
197. — F. Wharton, Conflict of Laws (2d ed.), §§809-813, 
1810. — Lawrence's Whcaton, 173n-177n, 508n, 917-93 . — 
R. Phillimore, International Law (3d ed.), I, 443-459; II, 
3-7. — J. N. Pomeroy, International Law, §§204-214. — 
J. C. Bluntschli, Droit International (2d ed.), 221-234.— 
F. Snow, International Law, §§ 15, 24. 

Specimen Questions. — (1) Is a Russian travelling in 
America entitled to trial by jury if indicted for a crime? — ■ 
(2) Is an American in Germany entitled to sell railroad 
bonds there? — (3) Could an American be imprisoned in 
England without charge of probable crime? 



316 CLASS-ROOM PAPERS [§ 188 

§ 188. Paper No. 22, Effect of Lincoln's Blockade Proclama- 
tions. 

Bibliography. — MammZ, §§ 49,50,81, 82. — cf . Paper 
No. 13, Manual, § 179.— Guide, § 212. 

Select Historical Discussions. — J. R. Soley, Block- 
ade and Cruisers, chs. ii-vi. — Nicolay and Hay, Abraham 
Lincoln, TV, ch, xv. — M. Bernard, Neutrality of Great 
Britain, 79, 90, 226-246. — J. W. Foster, Century of Am. 
Diplomacy, 366. — J. F. Rhodes, United States, III, 417- 
42171. — F. Bancroft, W. H. Seward, II, ch. xxii. 

Select Treatises. — J. B. Moore, Digest, I, 188-193. — 
W. E. Hall, International Law (4th ed.), 39-42, 718-725. 

Select Cases. — F. Snow, Cases and Opinions, 254-259, 
490-502. — J. B. Scott, Cases, 796-844. — Prize Cases 
(1863), 2 Black, 635; 4 Miller, 876; Lawrence's Wheaton, 
Suppl., 13-33. 

Sources. — Contemporaries, IV, § 116. — Lincoln's block- 
ade proclamations, J. D. Richardson, Messages, VI, 14, 15; 
A. Lincoln, Works, II, 35, 38. — Am. Annual Cyclopaedia, 
1861, pp. 70-72; 1862, pp. 193-197; 1863, pp, 765-769.— 
F. B. Butts, A Cruise along the Blockade. — T. E. Taylor, 
Running the Blockade. — W. Watson, Adventures of a 
Blockade-runner. — J. Wilkinson, Narrative of a Blockade- 
runner. 

Additional Treatises. — T. D. Woolsey, International 
Law (6th ed.), 202-206. — F. Snow, International Law, 
§§62, 63. — Lawrence's Wheaton, 819-850n. — Dana's 
Wheaton, notes 233, 235. — T. A. Walker, International Law, 
460, 516-526. — F. Wharton, Commentaries, §§233-235.— 
T. J. Lawrence, International Law, § 270. — J. Kent, Com- 
mentaries, I, 143-153. — J. P. Deane, Law of Blockade. — 
C. Calvo, Droit International (4th ed.), V, 145-147. — W. 
DeBurgh, Maritime International Law, ch. vii. 

Specimen Questions. — (1) Was the blockade procla- 
mation a discrimination between ports? — (2) Was the 



§ 189] DIPLOMATIC 317 

blockade a commercial or international act? — (3) Were 
United States merchant vessels subject to capture on inter- 
national grounds if they tried to run into a southern port? 

§ 189. Paper No. 23. Doctrine of Continuous Voyages. 

Bibliography. — Manual, §§81, 82; cf. Paper No. 13, 
Manual, § \1{). — Guide, §§ 170, 212. 

Select Historical Discussions. — J. B. Moore, Arbi- 
trations, I, 694. 695; V, 3928-3935. — H. Adams, United 
States, II, 327-329; III, 44, 45, 50-53, 409-411. — F. Ban- 
croft, W. H. Seward, II, 376-380. 

Select Treatises. — J. B. Moore, Di^es^, VII, §§ 1180, 
1256-1261. — J. C. Bluntschli, Droit International (3d ed.), 
§§ 827-840. — W. E. Hall, International Law (4th ed.), 694, 
695. 

Sources. — . I. Madison, Writings, II, 213, 214, 229, 391. 

— Seizure of the Peterhoff -Papers relating to the Illegal 
Seizure of the Springbok, in Am. Annual Cyclopoedia, 1863, 
pp. 765-769. — Official correspondence, British Parlia- 
mentary Papers, 1863, LXXII, [3119], pp. 280-293, [3183], 
[3195]. — House Executive Documents, 37 Cong., 1 sess. 
(1862), I, 293-306, 381; 38 Cong., 1 sess. (1863), I, 5.36, 
539-557. 

Select Cases. — The "Essex" (1806), 5 C. Robinson, 
,369; P. Cobbett, Leading Cases, 334. — The "William" 
(1806), 5 C. Robinson, 385; F. Snow, Cases and Opinions, 
505; J. B. Scott, Cases, 848; P. Cobbett, Leading Cases, 333. 

— Jecker v. Montgomery (1855), 18 Howard, 114; 1 Miller, 
94. — The "Stephen Hart" (1863), Blatchford's Prize 
Cases, 387; F. Snow, Cases and Opinions, 509; J. B. Scott, 
Cases, 852; P. Cobbett, Leading Cases, 335. — " The Ber- 

■ muda," 3 Wallace, 514. — The "Springbok" (1863), 5 Wal- 
lace, 1; P. Cobbett, Leading Cases, 337. — The "Peterhoff" 
(1866), 5 Wallace, 28; J. B. Scott, Cases, 760; P. Cobbett, 
Leading Cases, 338. 



318 CLASS-ROOM PAPERS [§ 189 

Additional Historical Discussions. — R. Hildreth, 
United States, V, 562-565, 657, 658. — J. B. McMaster, 
United States, III, 222-228. — T. Lyman, Diplomacy of 
the U. S. (2d ed.), II, 5-9. — J. M. Callahan, Diplomatic 
Hist, of the Southern Confederacy, 171-176. — A. T. Mahan, 
Sea Power and French Revolution, II, 268, 269. — M. Ber- 
nard, Neutrality of Great Britain, 299-319. 

Additional Treatises. — J. Westlake, Continuous Voy- 
ages in Relation to Contraband of War {Law Quarterly Rev., 
XV, 24. — J. D. White, Seizure of the Bundesrath (Law Quar- 
terly Rev., XVII, 12). — T. Twiss, Continuous Voyages {Law 
Magazine and Rev., 4th ser.. Ill, 1). — A. Rivier, Droit 
International, II, 432-434. — T. J. Lawrence, International 
Law, § 276. — G. Gessner, Reforme du Droit Maritime de 
la Guerre {Revue de Droit International, VII, 236-255). — 
Principes appliques dans V Affaire du Springbok {Revue de 
Droit International, XIV, .328-331). — R. Phillimore, In- 
ternational Law (3d ed.), Ill, 382-384. — T. D. Woolsey, 
International Law (6th ed.), §207. — C. Calvo, Droit In- 
ternational (4th ed.), V, 43-50. — Lawrence^s Wheaton, 
777n-779n, 816n, 817n, 960-976. — Dana's Wheaton, note 
231. — H. W. Halleck, International Law (Baker ed.), II, 
336-339. — R. Kleen, Contrabande de Guerre, 30-37. — H. 
Glass, Marine International Law, 95-97. — T. Twiss, Doc- 
trine of Continuous Voyages. — T. E. Holland, Manual of 
Naval Prize, 15, 22, 38n. — J. Kent, Commentaries, 85n. — 
L. Gessner, Condemnation of the Cargo of the Springbok. — 
T. Twiss, Belligerent Rights on the High Seas, 18-32. 

Specimen Questions. — (1) Was Germany justified in 
seizing munitions of war bound to Delagoa Bay in 1902, 
the Transvaal having no seaport? — (2) Could a blockade 
runner in ballast bound from Wilmington to Nassau be 
captured? — (3) In the Russian-Japanese War of 1904 could 
provision ships bound to Japan be captured by Russian 
vessels? 



§ 190] DIPLOMATIC 319 

§ 190. Paper No. 24. Consequential Damages. 

Bibliography. — Manual, §§ 83, 84, 179. — Guide, § 212. 

Select Historical Discussions. — W. A. Dunning, 
Reconstruction {Am. Nation, XXII), 161-163, 166-170. — 
J. B. Moore, Arbitrations, I, 555-560, 623-628; IV, 4057- 
4178. 

Select Treatises. — W. E. Hall, International Law (4th 
ed.), §§217, 221-225. — T. A. Walker, International Law, 
459-502. — J. C. Bluntschli, Opinion Impartiale sur la 
Question de VAlahama (Revue de Droit International, II, 
452). 

Sources. — J. Bigelow, France and the Confederate Navy. 
— J. D. Bullock, Secret Service of the Confederate States, 
1, chs. ii, V. — R. Semmes, Service Afloat. — A. Sinclair, 
Tivo Years in the Alabama. — J. C. B. Davis, Mr. Fish 
■and the Alabama Claims. — Am. Annual Cyclopcedia (1862), 
380-384; (1863), 340-350; (1867), 267-272; (1868), 215-217; 
(1870), 227, 228; (1871), 253-263; (1872), 239-263. — .InmiaZ 
Register (1872), part i, 88-118. 

Official Sources. — Correspondence, Foreign Relations 
(1863), part i, pp. 4-9, 32-47, 59-79, 89-93, 157-160, 183, 
256, 306-308, 356-364, 379-381, 392-396; (1865), part i, 
pp. 311, 316-320, 335, 395-397, 554-561, 576-610, 631-650, 
660, 668-670; (1866), part i, pp. 59, 68, 74, 89; (1867), part i, 
pp. 36, 41-43, 75, 123, 191-193, 209-211; (1868), part i, 
pp. 159-173 (same documents in House Executive Docu- 
ments No. 1, of the sessions of Congress covered by these 
years). — W. H. Seward, Works (Baker ed.), V, 408-410, 
446-470, 475, 476. — Geneva arbitration, House Executive 
Documents, 42 Cong., 3 sess. (1873), I, parts ii-v. — F. 
Snow, Cases and Opinions, 402-461. — U. S. Treaties and 
Conventions (ed. 1889), 413-430. 

Additional Historical Discussions. — C. Cushing, 
Treaty of Washington, ch. ii. — C. F. Adams, Charles Francis 
Adams, 307-315, 357, 380-397. — C. C. Beaman, National 



320 CLASS-ROOM PAPERS [§ 190 

and Private Alabama Claims. — G. Bemis, Precedents of 
Am. Neutrality. — M. Bernard, Neutrality of Great Britain, 
151-170, 331-439, 480-496. — J. G. Blaine, Tiventy Years 
of Congress, II, ch. xx. — J. W. Foster, Century of Am. 
Diplomacy, 384-387, 422-428. 

Additional Treatises. — H. W. Halleck, International 
Law (Baker eel.), II, 183-195. ^ R. Phillimore, Interna- 
tional Laiv (3d ed.), Ill, 250-282. — Dana's Wheaton, 425, 
428, 435-439, note 215. — F. Snow, International Law, 
§§58-60. — T. D. Woolsey, International Law, §§ 163-170. 
— T. J. Lawrence, International Law, §§ 258-263. 

Specimen Questions. — (1) Was the United States jus- 
tified in claiming damages for tlie shock to American ship- 
ping caused by the captures by the Alabama? — (2) Did the 
United States expect to receive anything for consequential 
damages? 

§ 191. Paper No. 25. Responsibility for Filibusters. 

Bibliography. -— cf. Paper No. 6, Manual, § 194. — 
Guide, § 199. 

Select Historical Discussions. — J. F. Rhodes, United 
States, VI, ch. ii. — J. M. Callahan, Cuba and International 
Relations, chs. vii-ix. 

Select Treatises. — J. B. Moore, Digest, VII, §§ 1299, 
1300. — W. E. Hall, International Law (4th ed.), 613-616, 
627, 628. 

Select Cases. — U. S. v. Trumbull (1891), 48 Fed., 99; 
Scott, Cases, 731. — The "Salvador" (1873), 5 Privy Coun- 
cil Rep., 218; Scott, Coses, 743. — The ''Three Friends" 
(1896), 166 U. S., 1; Scott, Cases, 748. 

Sources. — F. Snow, Cases and Opinions, 402-420, 443- 
459. — C. Carlisle, Laws of Neutrality (Documents and 
Cases). — Messages of Taylor, Fillmore, Grant, and Cleve- 
land, J. D. Richardson, Messages, V, VIII, IX, 636, 718- 
721. 



§ 192] DIPLOMATIC 321 

Additional Historical Discussions. — J. H. Latane, 
U. S. and Spanish America, 107-113, 148. — Dupuy de 
Lome, in C. Carlisle, Laws of Neutrality, I. — J. J. Lalor, 
Cyclopcedia, II, 184. — H. Von Hoist, United States (see 
Index volume). 

Additional Treatises. — Lawrence's Wheaton, 72S-733. 

— Dana's Wheaton, § 23, note 15. — ■ R. Phillimore, Inter- 
national Law, III, 247-250. — T. A. Walker, International 
Law, 438-457. — H. W. Halleck, International Law (Baker 
ed.), II, 199-204 and notes. 

Specimen Questions. — (1) Was the United States 
responsible in damages for letting Americans depart to land 
in Cuba in 1896? — (2) Was Spain justified in executing 
the Americans taken with arms in their hands in 1873? 

§ 192. Paper No. 26. Right of Expatriation. 

Bibliography. — Manual, §§83, 84; cf. Paper No. 11, 
Manual, § 177. 

Select Historical Discussions. — J. J. Lalor, Cyclo- 
pcedia, II, 959-963. — J. B. Moore, Arbitrations, III, 2560- 
2583. 

Select Treatises. — J. B. Moore, Digest, III, §§431- 
469. — W. E. Hall, International Law (4th ed.), 239-255. 

— Lawrence's Wheaton, 160n, 891-930. 

Sources. — F. Snow, Cases and Opinions, 213-219. — 
D. Webster, Works, VI, 454. — T. Jefferson, Writings 
(Washington ed.), 73. — J. Adams, Works, IX, 313, 314, 
321; X, 2S2. ~ Ojnnions of the Attorneys General, VIII, 
157; IX, 62-64, 356-363; XII, 319-326; XIV, 154-157, 
295-301. — Report of the Royal Commission on the Laws 
of Naturalization and Allegiance (Parliamentary Papers, 
1868-69, XXV, 4109). — Official correspondence, Tousig 
Case (1853), House Executive Documents, 33 Cong., 1 sess. 
(1854), VIII, No. 41. — Koszta Case (1852), House Executive 
Documents, 33 Cong., 1 sess. (1854), XI, No. 91. — Com- 



322 CLASS-ROOM PAPERS [§ 192 

pulsory military service, Senate Executive Documents, 36 
Cong., 1 sess. (1860), XI, No. 38. — Naturalization trea- 
ties, U. S. Treaties and Conventions (ed. 1889), 37, 38, 43, 
49, 66-68, 563-565, 790, 791. — F. Snow, Treaties and 
Topics, 230-234. — F. Wharton, Conflict of Laws, § 4n. — 
Federal Statute of July 27, 1868, U. S. Statutes at Large, 
XV, 223. — J. B. Scott, Cases, 375. — Act of June 29, 1906. 

Selpxt Cases. — yEneas MacDonald's Case (1747), Fos- 
ter's Crown Law, 59; 18 Howell, State Trials, 857; 
J. B. Scott, Cases, 370. — Talbot v. Janson, 3 Dallas, 
133; 1 Curtis, 128. — William's Case (1797), F. Wharton, 
State Trials, 652; J. B. Scott, Cases, 372. — Murray v. 
Schooner Charming Betsy (1804), 2 Cranch, 64; 1 Curtis, 
450. — The Santissima Trinidad (1822), 7 Wheaton, 283, 
347; 5 Curtis, 268, 278. — Inglis v. Trustees of the Sailor's 
Snug Harbor (1830), 3 Peters, 99, 125; 8 Curtis, 305, 317. 
— Shanks v. Dupont (1830), 3 Peters, 242; 8 Curtis, 395. — 
Minor y. Happersett (1874), 21 Wallace, 162. 

Additional Treatises. — - C. Calvo, Droit International 
(4th ed.), II, 38-41, 58, 64-68, 71-73, 115, 116, 126.— 
Dana's Wheaton, notes 49, 78. — G. H. Yeaman, Allegiance 
and Citizenship. — P. Webster, Law of Citizenship. — J. 
T. Morse, Expatriation and Naturalization (North Am. Rev., 
CVI, 612-629). — J. Kent, Commentaries, II, 43-50.— 
Alexander Cockburn, Nationality. — C. P. Daly, Naturali- 
zation. — • T. A. Walker, International Law, I, 350-360. — 
Tucker's Blackstone, I, 96. — F. Wharton, Conflict of Laws, 
§§2-4, 40. — ■ R. Phillimore, International Law (3d ed.), 
I, 446-453; IV, 29, 30, 274-279. 

Specimen Questions. — (1) Does a declaration of in- 
tention to become a citizen of the United States give a 
man any right of protection in foreign countries? — -(2) 
May a naturalized citizen who has lost his citizenship by 
residence abroad be naturalized a second time? — (3) May 
an American be banished by a state government? 



§ 193] DIPLOMATIC 323 

§ 193. Paper No. 27. Control of Seal Catching. 

Bibliography. — Manual, §§ 85, 86, 180. 

Select Historical Discussions. — J. B. Moore, Arbi- 
trations, I, 755-760; III, 2123-2131; V, 4759-4767, 5067. — 
J. B. Henderson, Am. Diplomatic Questions, Part I. 

Select Treatises. — J. B. Moore, Digest, I, §§ 170-173. 
— C. Calvo, Droit International (4th ed.), I, 471, 489; VI, 
370-446. — W. E. Hall, International Law (4th ed.), 146- 
166, 267/1. 

Sources. — Am. Hist. Leaflets, No. 6. — Contemporaries, 
IV, § 178; — F. Snow, Cases and Opinions, 184-194, 521- 
52S.~ Annual Register (1892), part i, 346-348. — A //i. 
Annual Cyclopcedia (1891), 834-836; (1893), 79-86. 

Official Sources. — Correspondence, 1886-1896, British 
and Foreign State Papers, LXXIX, 1240-1306; LXXXI, 
1072-1091; LXXXIII, 306-357; LXXXIV, 453-590; 
LXXXV, 1158-1169; LXXXVI, 1312-1320; LXXXVII, 
1119-1165; LXXXVIII, 8-13; LXXXIX, 776-957 (the 
same documents are in Foreign Relations, and in House 
Documents, No. 1, of the several sessions of Congress cov- 
ered by these years (see the Indexes, s. v. Bering Sea). — 
Bering Sea arbitration, Senate Executive Documents, 53 
Cong., 2 sess. (1894), VII, No. 177. — J. D. Richardson, 
Messages, IX, 14, 110, 146, 313, 394, 474-498, 583, 630, 
631, 691-693. 

Additional Historical Discussions. — The Fur Seal 
Question {Am. Journal of International Law, I, 742-748). — 
S. B. Stanton, Behring Sea Dispute, eh. vi. — S. B. Stan- 
ton, Behring Sea Controversy. — J. Stanley-Brown, Behring 
Sea Controversy from an Economic Standpoint (Yale Rev., 
II, 196-210). — P. Cobbett, Leading Cases, 359-363.— 
E. J. Phelps, Behring Sea Controversy (Harper's Magazine, 
LXXXII, 766-774). 

Additional Treatises. — T. J. Lawrence, International 
Law, § 106. — Dana's Wheaton, §§ 168-171. — T. D. Wool- 



324 CLASS-ROOM PAPERS [§ 193 

sey. International Law (6th ed.), §§59, 60. — F. Snow, 
Treaties and Topics, 471-509. — T. A. Walker, Interna- 
tional Law, 175-204. — T. B. Browning, Behring Sea Con- 
troversy (Law Quarterly Rev., VII, 128). — G. H. Knott, 
Arbitration of Behring Sea Controversy (Am. Law Rev., 
XXVII, 684). 

Specimen Questions. — (1) Are codfish "ferae naturae"? 

— (2) If Russia still claimed open sea jurisdiction in 1886, 
was the United States justified in seizing British sealers 
in 1886? — (3) Is the destruction of whales "contra bonos 
mores"? 

§ 194. Paper No. 28. Protectorate of Cuba. 

Bibliography. — Manual, §§ 85, 86, 172, 175; cf. Papers 
Nos. 16, 17, 25, Manual, §§ 182, 183, 191. 

Select Historical Discussions. — J. H. Latane, Amer- 
ica as a World Power (Am. Nation, XXV), chs. i, x. — W. 
F. Johnson, Century of Expansion, 264-276. — T. S. Wool- 
sey, America's Foreign Policy, 7-111. 

Select Treatises. — J. B. Moore, Digest, I, §48; VI, 
§§906-910, 950-952. — C. Carlisle, Laws of Neutrality, 
I, II. 

Sources. — Contemporaries, IV, §§180-184. — Source- 
Book, §§ 140-144. 

Official Sources. — Treaty of Peace with Spain, 
Statutes at Large, XXX, 1754-1762. — Treaty and Docu- 
ments, Senate Documents, 55 Cong., 3 sess.. No. 62, part i. 

— Reports of Governors of Cuba, House Documents, 56 
Cong., 1 sess. (1899), VII; 2 sess. (1900). — Joint Resolu- 
tion of April 20, 1898, Statutes at Large, XXX, 738, 739. — 
Provisions in Army Appropriation Bill (1901), Statutes at 
Large, XXXI, 897, 898. — Act fixing Duties on Imports 
from Cuba, Statutes at Large, XXXIII, Part i, 3, 4. — 
Treaty of May 22, 1903, Statutes at Large, XXXIII, Part ii, 
2248-2253. — Constitution of Cuba (1898), Senate Docu- 



§ 194] DIPLOMATIC 325 

menis, 55 Cong., 2 sess., No. 129. — Report on Franchises 
in Cuba (1898), Senate Documents, 55 Cong., 3 sess., No. 
110. — Report of Secretary of War on Garrisons in Cuba 
(1898), House Documents, 55 Cong., 3 sess.. No. 85. — 
Report of Secretary of War on Elections (1899), Senate 
Documents, 56 Cong., 1 sess.. No. 243. — Piatt Amendment 
and Debates, Congressional Record, 56 Cong., 2 sess., 2954, 
3025, 3026, 3036, 3132-3135, 3145-3152, 3331-3384.— 
Petition as to Trade Relations (1901-1902), Senate Docu- 
vients, 57 Cong., 1 sess.. No. 73. — Message of President 
Roosevelt on Trade Relations, Senate Documents, 57 Cong., 
1 sess.. No. 405. — Documents on Affairs in Cuba, Senate 
Documents, 58 Cong., 2 sess.. No. 312; 59 Cong., 1 sess.. 
No. 462. — Compilation of Laws relating to Cuba, Senate 
Documents, 59 Cong., 2 .sess.. No. 204. ■ — Reoccupation of 
Cuba (1906), see U. S. documents. 

Additional Historical Discussions. — J. K. Bangs, 
Uncle Sam Trustee. — A. G. Robinson, Cuba and Interven- 
tion. — J. H. Latane, United States and Spanish America, ch. 
iii. — J. M. Callahan, Cuba and International Relations, ch. 
xxiv. — 0. H. Piatt, Our Relations with the People of Cuba 
and Porto Rico (Annals Am. Acad. Pol. Sci., XVIII, 143). — 
J. H. Latane, Intervention of the U. S. in Cuba (North Am. 
Rev., CLXVI, 350). — H. Taylor, Review of the Cuban Ques- 
tion (Ibid., CLXV, 610). 

Additional Treatises. — W. E. Hall, International Law 
(4th ed.), 130-136. — T. Twiss, Law of Nations, §§26, 30. 
— C. Calvo, Droit International (4th ed.), I, 203, 204, 363, 
364. 

Specimen Questions. — (1) Is Cuba bound to consider 
the tariff policy of the United States in making treaties 
with foreign powers? — (2) Is Cuba a member of the 
family of nations? — (3) Would bonds issued by Cuba in 
contradiction of the Piatt amendment be binding on the 
Cuban government? 



326 CLASS-ROOM PAPERS [§ 195 

§ 195. Paper No. 29. Policy of the Open Door. 

Bibliography. — Manual, § 86. 

Select Historical Discussions. — J. W. Foster, Am. 
Diplomacy in the Orient, 430-438. — A. T. Mahan, Problem 
of Asia, Nos. 1, 2. 

Select Treatises. — J. B. Moore, Digest, Y, 533-552. — 
A. S. Hershey, International Law and Diplomacy of the Russo- 
Japanese War, 2, 24-35, 54-56, 330-338 and notes, 356-359. 

Sources. — President's Message, Secretary Hay's Note 
to the Powers, etc. — House Executive Documents, 56 
Cong., 1 sess., No. 547. — Official Correspondence, Foreign- 
Relations, 1899-1900 (see Indexes, under China). — Annual 
Messages of the Presidents, 1900-1907. — Reports, House 
Reports, 56 Cong., 1 sess., Ill, No. 769. — Memorial endors- 
ing the Policy, Senate Documents, 56 Cong., 2 sess., No. 79. 
— Annual Cyclopcedia (1900), 94. — International Year Book 
(1900), 899. 

Additional Historical Discussions. — J. Strong, Ex- 
pansion. — C. A. Conant, U. S. in the Orient. — Foreign 
Policy of the U. S. (Annals Am. Acad. Pol. Sci.). — J. M. 
Callahan, Am. Relations in the Pacific and the Far East,. 
72-113, 155-164. — W. E. Griffis, America in the East, 
58-91, 211-225. — P. S. Reinsch, World Politics. — I. 
Nitobe, Intercourse between the U. S. and Japan, ch. iii. — 
R. Pinon, Le Lutte pour le Pacifique, Parts i, ii. — T. F. 
Millard, New Far East. — C. Coates, China and the Open 
Door. — A. Krausse, Far East. 

Specimen Questions. — (1) Does the policy of the open 
door apply to any other part of Asia than China? — (2) 
Is the policy of the open door affected by closing the door 
on Asiatic immigration into the United States? 

§ 196. Paper No. 30. Questions of the Isthmus Canal. 

Bibliography. — Manual, §§85, 86, 175; cf. Paper No. 
20, Manual, §§ 186, 223. — Brookings and Ringwalt, Briefs 
for Debate, No. 25. 



§ 196] DIPLOMATIC 327 

Select Historical Discussions. — G. P. Garrison, 
Westward Extension {Am. Nation, XVII), ch. xviii. — T. 
C. Smith, Parties and Slavery (Am. Nation, XVIII), chs. 
vi, xviii. — E. E. Sparks, National Development {Am. 
Nation, XXIII), ch. xiii. — D. R. Dewey, National Prob- 
lems {Am. Nation, XXIV), ch. vii. — J. H. Latane, Amer- 
ica as a World Power {Am. Nation, XXV), ch. xii. 

Select Treatises. — J. B. Moore, Digest, III, §§ 33&- 
368. — C. Calvo, Droit International (4th ed), I, 507-516. — 
A. Phillimore, International Law, I, 304-311. 

Ofb^icial Sources. — J. D. Richardson, Messages, VII, 
610, 611; VIII, 327, 328. — Reports of Isthmian and Panama 
Canal Commissions, Senate Documents (1904), Nos. 82, 222; 
House Documents, 58 Cong., 3 sess. (1904-1905), No. 226. 
— Senate Documents, 59 Cong., 1 sess. (1905), No. 127; 
Senate Documents, 59 Cong., 2 sess. (1906), No. 161; House 
Documents, No. 444. — Message of President Roosevelt on 
the Canal, Dec. 17, 1906, Congressional Record, 59 Cong., 
2 sess., Part I, 451-458. — Message and Other Documents, 
Senate Documents, 59 Cong., 1 sess., No. 231. — Message of 
President Roosevelt on proposed Treaty with Colombia, 
Congressional Record, 58 Cong., special sess. (1903), 3. — 
Proposed Treaty with Colombia, Senate Documents, 58 
Cong., special sess.. No. 1. — Documents relating to the 
Revolution in Panama, House Documents, 58 Cong., 1 sess.. 
No. 8. — Documents on Relations with Panama, Senate 
Documents, 58 Cong., 2 sess. (1904), Nos. 75, 166, 208. — 
Report of the Hearing on the Canal, Senate Documents, 59 
Cong., 2 sess. (1906), No. 401. — Report of Committee on 
an Interoceanic Canal, Senate Reports, 59 Cong., 1 sess., 
Nos. 3626, 3627. — Wilson v. Shaw (1907), 204 U. S., 24. 

Treaties. — Clayton-Bulwer Treaty (1850), U. S. Trea- 
ties and Conventions (see Index). — Hay-Pauncefote Treaty 
(1901), Statutes at Large, XXXII, 1903. — Treaty with 
Panama (Hay-Varilla), Statutes at Large, XXXIII, Part II, 
2234-2241. 



328 CLASS-ROOM PAPERS [§ 196 

Additional Historical Discussions. — W. F. Johnson, 
Four Centuries of the Panama Canal. — T. B. Edgington, 
Monroe Doctrine, ch. xix. — P. S. Reinsch, World Politics, 
Parts ii, iii. — J. H. Latane, Neutralization Features of the 
Haij-Pauncefote Treaty (Am. Hist. Assoc, Annual Report, 
1902, I, 289-303). — C. H. Forbes-Lindsay, Panama, the 
Isthmus and the Canal. — J. R. Smith, Organization of 
Ocean Commerce, 79-101. — C. M. Chester, Panama Canal 
(National Geographic Magazine, XVI, 445). — R. C. Hains, 
Isthmian Canal from a Military Point of View (Annals Am. 
Acad. Pol. ScL, XVII, 397). — J. H. Latane, U. S. and 
Spanish A merica, ch. iv. — F. Snow, Treaties and Topics, 
326-347. — I. D. Travis, Clayton-Bulwer Treaty, ch. vii. — 
J. C. Rodrigues, Panama Canal. — A. T. Mahan, Interest of 
America in Sea Power, No. 3. — L. M. Keasbey, Nicaragua 
Canal and the Monroe Doctrine. — E. R. Johnson, Nicaragua 
Canal and Economic Development (.Annals Am. Acad. Pol 
Sci., VII, 38). — J. A. FairHe, Economic Effects of Ship 
Canals (Ibid, XI, 54). — L. M. Keasbey, Clayton-Bulwer 
Treaty (Ibid., XIV, 285). — W. B. Munro, Neutralization 
of the Suez Canal (Ibid, XVII, 409). — T. J. Lawrence, 
Essays on Disputed Questions, Nos. 2, 3. — M. M. de Per- 
alta. El Canal Inter oceanico. — J. B. Henderson, Am. 
Diplomatic Questions, eh. iv. 

Specimen Questions. — (1) Ought war vessels to be 
permitted to use the Panama Canal in time of war? — (2) 
Is a canal like the Panama similar to a natural strait? 

§ 197. Six Class-room Papers in American Diplomacy (Course 
D). 

Paper No. 1. Breaking the Instructions of Con- 
gress AT Paris (Manual, § 174; cf. Lects. in §§ 71, 72). 

Paper No. 2. Orders in Council and Decrees 
(Manual, § 179; cf. Lects. in §§ 35, 36, 73, 74). 

Paper No. 3. Monroe Doctrine (Manual, § 145; cf. 
§ !S3; cf. Lects. in ?§ 37, 38, 77, 121. 122). 



§ 198] GOVERNMENT 329 

Paper No. 4. Ethics of the Mexican War (Manual, 
^ 152; cf. Lects. in §§ 43, 44, 79, 80). 

Paper No. 5. Isthmus Canal (Manual, § 196; cf. Lects. 
in §§85, 86). 

Paper No. 6. Control of Acquired Territory (Manual, 
§ 153; cf. §§ 178, 218, 219; cf. Lects. in §§ 35, 36). 

§ 198. Thirty Class-room Papers on American Government 
(Course E). 

Upon the bibliography of American government a few 
aids are Hsted in Manual, § 24. Titles of the books most 
suitable for this course are printed in the lists of Text- 
books, Essential Reference Books, and Special Collections 
in Government (Manual, §§1, 6, 24); in the specific refer- 
ences inserted in the list of lectures in Government (Man- 
ual, § 96) ; and in the references to thirty selected topics 
in Government (Manual, §§ 198-229). Use freely the 
€ross references to the Manual at the head of each paper. 

The principal brief bibliographies are the lists of classi- 
fied material in A. B. Hart, Actual Government, pp. xxiii- 
XXV, and chapter bibliographies; R. L. Ashley, Am. Federal 
State, chapter bibliographies; E. McClain, Constitutional 
Law, pp. xxvii-xxxviii, and chapter bibliographies; W. W. 
Willoughby, Constitutional System, 291-299. 

Of the secondary books most of the useful titles are in- 
■cluded in some of the sections of the Manual just cited 
(§§5, 6, 24, 96, 198-229). Treatises on American Consti- 
tutional Law (select list in Manual, § 15), treatises on Amer- 
ican government, and treatises on Liternational Law (A. B. 
Hart, Foundations, § 78c) touch on many governmental 
relations. 

Much of the available material on government appears in 
periodicals: the best for our purpose are American Political 
Science Review; Municipal Affairs; Political Science Quar- 
terly; Yale Review; American Historical Review; Quarterly 



330 CLASS-ROOM PAPERS [§ 19& 

Journal of Economics; Quarterly Journal of Political Econ- 
omy; Atlantic Monthly; Forum; North American Review; 
Nation; also the publications of the American Political 
Science Association; American Historical Association; Amer- 
ican Economic Association; American Sociological Associa- 
tion; and American Academy of Political and Social Science. 
Most of these sets and others can be reached — so far as- 
they contain material on public law and public science — 
through A. L. Jones, Index to Legal Periodical Literature 
(2 vols.)- Collected essays (often very useful and very 
hard to locate previous to Fletcher's second edition) are 
carefully catalogued in W. I. Fletcher, ''A. L. A" Index to 
General Literature (2d ed., 1901). 

On source materials on government there is as yet no- 
proper guide; the list of lectures {Manual, § 96) and the 
special references below (Manual, §§ 198-229) attempt 
some guidance to first-hand materials. Reports of judicial 
cases — often determining questions of national, state, or 
local government — are enumerated in Manual, § 17. 

§ 199. Paper No. 1. Theory of the Social Compact. 

Bibliography. — Manual, §§ 97, 98, 240, 285. — Actual 
Government, § 17. — Guide, § 156. 

Select Discussions. — W. MacDonald, Jacksonian De- 
mocracy (Am. Nation, XV), chs. v, vi. — Cambridge Modern 
Hist., VII, ch. xiii. — A. L. Lowell, Essays on Government^ 
No. 4. 

Periodical Articles. — A. B. Hart, Growth of Am. 
Theories of Popular Government (Am. Pol. Sci. Rev., I, 531— 
560, August, 1907); reprinted in briefer form in A. B. Hart,, 
National Ideals (Am. Nation, XXVI), ch. vi. — G. P. 
Fisher, Jefferson and the Social Compact Theory (Yale Rev.,. 
II, 403-417). — A. C. McLaughlin, Social Compact (Am. 
Hist. Rev., V, 467-490). — D. G. Ritchie, Social Contract 
Theory (Pol. Sci. Quarterly, VI, 656-676). 



§ 200] GOVERNMENT 331 

Select Treatises. — Actual Government, §§18-24. — 
C. E. Merriam, Political Theories, chs. iv, viii. — R. L. 
Ashley, Am. Federal State, 124-126. — J. A. Woodburn, 
Am. Republic, ch. i. — W. A. Sutherland, Notes on the 
Constitution, 36. — W. W. Willoughby, Constitutional Systern, 
ch. ii. — C. E. Merriam, Theory of Sovereignty, ch. ix. 

Additional Treatises. — J. A. Jameson, Constitutional 
Conventions, ch. ii. — W. A. Duer, Constitutional Juris- 
prudence, !ect. 2. — D. Webster, Works, I, ch. vii. — T. D. 
Woolsey, Political Science, I, §§36, 37, 61-70. — J. R. 
Tucker, Constitution, § 43. — E. Milford, The Nation, ch. iii. 

Sources. — Contemporaries, II, §§37, 131. — W. W. 
Henry, Patrick Henry. — W. Tudor, James Otis, chs. vi, 
vii, xii. — J. J. Rousseau, Du Contrat Social, Book i, chs. 
iii-ix; Book ii, chs. i-v. — R. Hooker, Ecclesiastical Polity, 
Book i, § 10. — J. Locke, Two Treatises on Government, 
Book ii, chs. viii, ix. — T. Hobbes, Leviathan, chs. xiv, xv, 
xvii, xviii. — T. Paine, Common Sense. — E. Burke, Reflec- 
tions on the Revolution in France, II, 368. 

Select Cases. — Wharton v. Wise (1893), 153 U. S., 
167. — Texas v. White (1868), 7 Wallace, 721; Boyd, Cases, 
552; Thayer, Cases, 302. — Chisholm v. Georgia (1793), 
2 Dallas, 463; Boyd, Cases, 603; Thayer, Cases, 295. 

Specimen Questions. — (1) Could there be a "social 
compact" of states in the sense in which the phrase was 
used in the Revolution? — (2) Was the King of Great 
Britain a party to the social compact in which the colonists 
in 1774 considered themselves held?— (3) Can the doc- 
trine of social compact be applied to secession? 

§ 200. Paper No. 2. Theories of the Two Spheres and of the 
Unity of American Government. 

Bibliography. — Actual Government, § 17. 
Select Discussions. — A. B. Hart, National Ideals (Am. 
Nation, XXVI), ch. vi. — A. C. McLaughlin, Confederation 



332 CLASS-ROOM PAPERS [§ 200 

and Constitution {Am. Nation, X), chs. iii, xii, xvi. — W. 
Wilson, The State, 1065-1086. — B. Wendell, Liberty, Union, 
and Democracy. 

Select Treatises. — Actual Government, §§25-27. — 
C. E. Merriam, Political Theories, chs. iii, vii. — E. McClain, 
Constitutional Law, chs. iii, iv. — A. C. McLaughlin, A 
Written Constitution {Michigan Law Rev., V, June, 1907). 

Additional Treatises. — W. A. Sutherland, Notes on 
the Constitution, 35-37. — C. S. Patterson, U. S. under the 
Constitution, ch. i. — R. L. Ashley, Am. Federal State, ch. i. 
— W. W. Willoughby, Constitutional System, chs. i, ii. — 
B. A. Hinsdale, Am. Government, ch. xiv. — J. A, Wood- 
burn, Am. Republic, ch. ii. — James Bryce, Am. Common- 
wealth, I, ch. iv. 

Sources. — Contemporaries, III, § 69. — Federalist, No. 
39. 

Select Cases. — Texas v. White (1868), 7 Wallace, 700; 
Boyd, Cases, 552; Thayer, Cases, 302. — White v. Hart 
(1871), 13 Wallace, 646. — Keith v. Clark (1877), 97 U. S., 
454. 

Specimen Questions. — (1) Can the sovereign power 
to lay taxes be divided? — (2) Is Massachusetts sovereign 
over the law of descent of real property? — (3) Is the 
Federal Government sovereign over war? 

§ 201. Paper No. 3. Status of Citizens other than Native 
Bom. 

Bibliography. — ManwaZ, §§99, 100, 155, 163, 177, 
185, 187, 241, 286. — E. McClain, Constitutional Law, §§ 99, 
192. — M. Farrand, Legislation of Congress for Government 
of Territories, 95, 98. 

Select Discussions. — W. W. Willoughby, Constitutional 
System, ch. xvii. — J. B. Moore, Am. Diplomacy, ch. vii. 

Periodical Articles. — B. Winchester, Citizenship in its 
International Relationships {Am. Law Rev., XXXI, 504). — 



§ 202] GOVERNMENT 333 

H. Stockbridge, Law of Naturalization {Green Bag, XVII, 644, 
Nov. 1905). — N. Wolfman, Status of a Foreigner who has 
declared his Intention {Am. Law Rev., XLI, 497-514, 1907). 
— W. L. Scruggs, Ambiguous Citizenship {Pol. Sci. Quart., I, 
199-205). 

Select Treatises. — Actual Government, §§8, 9. — 
J. B. Moore, Digest, III, §§ 372-533. — J. B. Moore, Arbitra- 
tions, IV, 2509-2517. — E. McClain, Constitutional Laio, 
§§ 100, 193-196. 

Additional Treatises. — C. F. Randolph, Law and 
Policy of Annexation, 63-65. — C. S. Patterson, U. S. 
under the Constitution, §§119-126. — W. A. Sutherland, 
Notes on the Constitution, 153, 157. — Lawrence's Wheaton, 
893-900. 

Sources. — Act of 1903, U. S. Statutes at Large, XXXII, 
1222. — - Philippine Commission, Reports. 

Select Cases. — Minor v. Happersett (1874), 21 Wallace, 
162; Thayer, Cases, 459. — U. S. v. Cruikshank, 92 U. S., 
5i2.~Ex parte Yarbrough (1883), 110 U. S., 651; Thayer, 
Cases, 551. — U. S. v. Wong Kim Ark, 169 U. S., 649. 

Additional Cases. — Wood v. Fitzgerald, 3 Oregon, 
568. — Am. Insurance Co. v. Canter (1828), 1 Peters, 511; 
Boyd, Cases, 583; Thayer, Cases, 350. — Gonzales y. Williams, 
24 S. C. Reporter, 177. — Elk v. Wilkins (1884), 112 U. S., 
94; Thayer, Cases, 587. — Boyd v. Nebraska (1891), 143 
U. S., 177. — Contzen v. U. S. (1900), 179 U. S., 191. 

Specimen Questions. — (1) May a naturalized citizen 
be an ambassador to the country from which he came? — 
(2) Is the minor child of a naturalized citizen thereby also 
a citizen? — (3) Is a child born of American parents on a 
British vessel on the high seas an American citizen? 

§ 202. Paper No. 4. Theory of Religious Liberty. 

Bibliography. — Manual, §§ 97, 98, 286. — • Actual Gov- 
ernment, §§7, 239. — E. McClain, Constitutional Law, § 206. 



334 CLASS-ROOM PAPERS [§ 202 

— G. W. Paschal, Constitution Anahjzed, 254, 255. — J. N. 
Larned, Literature of Am. Hist, (see Index). 

Select Discussions. — A. B. Hart, National Ideals 
(Am. Nation, XXVI), ch. xi. — B. F. Stevens, Methodist 
Episcopal Church in the U. S. — A. L. Cross, Anglican 
Episcopate and Am. Colonies, ch. xii. — S. H. Cobb, Rise 
of Religious Liberty in America. — J. Bryce, Am. Common- 
wealth, II, chs. cvi, cvii. — W. E. H. Lecky, Democracy and 
Liberty, I, 505-509. 

Additional Discussions. — L. J. Jennings, Eighty Years 
of Republican Government, ch. ix. — Monographs on Bishop 
Hill, New England, Maryland, North Carolina, Pennsyl- 
vania, Virginia, in Johns Hopkins University Studies, X, 
Nos. 1-6, 8, 9; XI, Nos. 5, 6; XII, No. 4; XVIII, Nos. 10- 
12. — H. V. Ames, Constitutional Amendments, § 173. 

Periodical Articles. — P. Schaff, Church and State in 
the U. S. (Am. Hist. Assoc, Papers, II, 391-543). — G. J. 
Bayles, Am. Civil Church Law (Pol. Sci. Quart., XIV, 
311-520). 

Select Treatises. — Actual Government, §§13, 240- 
243. — C. E. Merriam, Political Theories, 86-95. — E. 
McClain, Constitutional Law, §§ 207-210. — J. Story, Com- 
mentaries, §§ 1863-1874. 

Additional Treatises. — W. A. Sutherland, Notes on 
the Constitution, 619, 620. — C. S. Patterson, U. S. under 
the Constitution, 309. — H. Von Hoist, Constitutional Law, 
§§74, 78. — F. Wharton, Commentaries, §553. — J. N. 
Pomeroy, Constitutional Law, § 148. — T. M. Cooley, Con- 
stitutional Limitations, ch. xiii. — H. C. Black, Constitu- 
tional Law, §§ 196-198. — R. Phillimore, International Law, 
II, 343-363. — -4m. Law Rev., XXVI. 789; XXXII, 581. 

Sources. — Bills of Rights and Colonial Charters, in 
B. P. Poore, Charters and Constitutions. — S. G. Fisher, 
Evolution of the Constitution, 190-199. — M. Hill, Liberty 
Documents, ch. ix. 



§ 203] GOVERNMENT 335 

Select Cases. — Emoli v. First Municipality (1844), 3 
Howard, 609. — Fox v. Ohio (1846), 5 Howard, 410.— 
Barron v. Baltimore (1833), 7 Peters, 243; Boyd, Cases, 
467; Thayer, Cases, 449. — Withers v. Buckley (1857), 
20 Howard, 84. — Reynolds v. U. S. (1878), 98 U. S., 145. 

— Bradfield v. Roberts (1699), 175 U. S., 291. 

Specimen Questions. — (1) May the United States 
compel the soldiers at a post to attend religious services? 

— (2) May a state tax Catholics to maintain Protestant 
services? — (3) May Congress forbid the services of a 
church which authorizes polygamy? 

§ 203. Paper No. 5. Limitations on Constitutional Conventions. 

BiBhiOGRXPHY. — Manual, §§31, 32, 101, 102, 240, 28(? 

— Actual Government, § 32. 

Select Discussions. — J. H. Robinson, Genesis of 
Federal Constitution. — J. A. Smith, Spirit of Am. Govern- 
ment, ch. ix. — J. S. Landon, Constitutional Hist., ch. iv. 
— - H. V. Ames, Constitutional Amendments, §§1, 176-188. 

Periodical Articles. — W. C. Morey, Genesis of a 
Written Constitution (Annals Am. Acad. Pol. Sci., I, 529- 
557). — F. N. Thorpe, Recent Constitution Making (Ibid., 
II, 145-201). — J. H. Dougherty, Constitutions of New 
York (Pol. Sci. Quarterly, III, 489-519; IV, 230-260).— 
C. R. Woodruff, Am. Governmental Methods (Ibid., XV, 
260-272). — J. F. Jameson, Early Uses of Word Convention 
{Am. Hist. Review, III, 477-489). 

Select Treatises. — J. A. Jameson, Constitutional Con- 
ventions, ch. vi. — Actual Government, § 39. — E. McClain, 
Constitutional Law, chs. i, ii. — R. L. Ashley, Am. Federal 
State, ch. v. — J. Story, Commentaries, II, §§ 1322-1353. — 
J. Bryce, Am. Commonwealth, I, chs. xxxi, xxxii, App. 
667-669. 

Additional Treatises. — T. M. Cooley, Constitutional 
Limitations, ch. iii. — F. Lieber, Miscellaneous Writings, II, 



336 CLASS-ROOM PAPERS [§203 

139-161. — H. C. Black, Constitutional Law (2d ed.), 40- 
50. — J. N. Pomeroy, Constitutional Law, §§109-117. — 
J. R. Tucker, Constitution, I, 63-70. 

Sources. — F. B. Hough, Am. .Constitutions (texts and 
historical sketches to 1871). 

Select Cases. — Wells v. Bain, and Donnelly v. Fitler 
(1873), 75 Pa. St. R., 39, 55, 56. — J. A. Jameson, Con- 
stitutional Conventions, § 409 a. 

Specimen Questions. — (1) May the legislature in the 
call of a convention limit the subjects which it may con- 
sider? — (2) Is a convention bound by limitations in the 
existing constitution as to the degree of amendment? — 
(3) May a convention elected with the provision that its 
work shall be submitted for ratification, put its constitu- 
tion into effect without ratification? 

§ 204. Paper No. 6. Limiting the Suffrage. 

Bibliography. — Manwa/, §§ 103, 104, 154, 242, 288.— 
Actual Government, §32. — R. C. Ringwalt, Briefs on 
Public Questions, Nos. 3, 4. — Municipal Affairs, V, 66. 

Select Discussions. — J. Macy, Party Organization, ch. 
XV. — F. A. Cleveland, Growth of Democracy, ch. xii. 

Periodical Articles. — F. G. Caffey, Suffrage Limita- 
tions in the South {Pol. Sci. Quarterly, XX, 53-67, March, 
1905). — J. L. W. Woodville, Suffrage Limitations in 
Louisiana (Ibid., XXI, 177-189, June 1906). — J. C. Rose, 
Negro Suffrage (Am. Pol. Sci. Review, I, 17-43). — A. B. 
Hart, Realities of Negro Suffrage (Am. Pol. Sci. Assoc, 
Proceedings, II, 149-165). — S. E. Baldwin, Early Ballot in 
Connecticut (Am. Hist. Assoc, Papers, IV, 407-424). — 
H. A. Chaney, Alien Suffrage (Mich. Pol. Assoc, Publica- 
tions, I, No. 2). — A. N. Lee, Popidar Government and Con- 
stitutional Limitations (South Carolina Bar Association, 
Reports, 1890, p. 87). — F. B. Weeks, Hist, of Negro Suffrage 
{Pol. Sci. Quarterly, IX, 671-703). — G. H. Haynes, Edu- 



§ 204] GOVERNMENT 337 

cational Qualifications (Ibid, XIII, 495-531). — F. H. 
Miller, Qualifications for Office (Am. Hist. Assoc, Reports, 
1899, I, 87-153). 

Select Treatises. — Actual Government, ch. iv. — E. 
McClain, Constitutional Law, ch. xxxv. — W. W. Wil- 
loughby, Constitutional System, ch. xiii. — B. A. Hinsdale, 
Am. Government, ch. liv. — R. L. Ashley, Am. Federal 
State, ch. xxii. — W. A. Sutherland, Notes on the Consti- 
tution, 738, 739. — C. S. Patterson, U. S. Under the Con- 
stitution, §§ 121-123. 

Additional Discussions. — J. H. Dougherty, Electoral 
System. — G. H. Haynes, Election of Senators. — F. J. 
Goodnow, Politics and Administration, ch. ix. — J. A. 
Smith, Spirit of Am. Government, ch. viii. — J. R. Commons, 
Races and Immigrants, chs. viii. — C. F. Bishop, Elections 
in Am. Colonies. — A. E. McKinley, Colonial Suffrage 
Franchise. — W. E. H. Lecky, Democracy and Liberty, I, 
2-38, 70-100. — A. B. Hart, Practical Essays, No. 2. — D. 
F. Wilcox, Study of City Government, § § 61-72. — F. H. 
Giddings, Democracy and Empire, chs. xv, xvi. — H. S. 
Maine, Popidar Government, chs. i, ii. — A. de Tocqueville, 
Democracy in America, 1, ch. xiii. — J. Bryce, Am. Com- 
monwealth, I, chs. li, lii; II, 99, 608. — C. W. Eliot, Am. 
Contributions, No. 1. 

Additional Treatises. — J. N. Pomeroy, Constitutional 
Law, §§ 207, 209, 256h. — T. M. Cooley, Constitutional Law, 
ch. xiv, § 2. — W. O. Bateman, Political and Constitutional 
Law, §§6, 91, 95-100. — R. Foster, Commentaries, I, §59. 
— J. A. Garfield, Works, I, 85-95, 499-520. 

Sources. — State Constitutions, in F. B. Hough, Am. Con- 
stitutions. — B. P. Poore, Charters and Constitutions. — State 
Legislation, in F. J. Stimson, Am. Statute Law, and in New 
York State Library, Btdletin Legislation (annual volume). 

Select Cases. — McPherson v. Blacker (1892), 146 
U. S., 37. — Williams v. Mississippi (1897), 170 U. S., 220. 



338 CLASS-ROOM PAPERS [§ 204 

— Giles V. Harris (1902), 189 U. S., 475. — Pope v. Wil- 
liams (1903), 193 U. S., 621. — Minor v. Happersett (1874), 
21 Wallace, 162; Thayer, Cases, 459. — Giles v. Teasley 
(1903), 193 U. S., 146. — Wiley v. Sinkler (1900), 179 
U. S., 58. 

Specimen Questions. — (1) Should the suffrage be lim- 
ited to those who have had a high-school education? — 
(2) Should people who have not voted for five years be 
thenceforth deprived of the suffrage? — (3) Should none 
but tax-payers vote? 

§ 205. Paper No. 7. Efficacy of the Referendum. 

Bibliography. — Manual, §§101-104. — Actual Govern- 
ment, § 17. — R. C. Ringwalt, Briefs on Public Questions, 
No. 7. 

Select Discussions. — J. A. Kasson, Evolution of the 
Constitution, ch. xi. — J. A. Smith, Spirit of Am. Govern- 
m,ent, ch. iv. — F. A. Cleveland, Growth of Democracy , chs. 
vii-x. — J. Bryce, Am. Commonwealth, I, ch. xxxix. — R. L. 
Ashley, Am. Federal State, §§ 528-531. 

Additional Discussions. — E. P. Oberholtzer, Referen- 
dum in America. — C. Borgeaud, Adoption and Amendment 
of Constitutions. — J. J. Lalor, Cyclopcedia of Pol. Sci., Ill, 
581. — -Nathan Cree, Direct Legislation by the People. — 
W. J. Sullivan, Direct Legislation. — E. L. Godkin, Unfor- 
seen Tendencies of Democracy. — W. D. McCrackan, Swiss 
Solutions of Am. Problems. — H. S. Maine, Popular Govern- 
ment. — J. R. Commons, Proportional Representation, 186- 
193. 

Periodical Articles. — G. H. Haynes, Representation 
in State Legislatures (Annals Am. Acad. Pol. Sci., II, 324). 

— See articles in Yale Review, IV, 289. — Pol. Sci. Quar- 
terly, XIII, 1; XVII, 609. — Atlantic Monthly, LXXVII, 1; 
LXXX, 35; XCIV, 721. — Am. Law Review, XXVIII, 
683. — Outlook, L, 423. 



§ 206] GOVERNMENT 339 

Select Treatises. — Actual Government. §§28, 29, 39- 
41. — E. McClain, Constitutional Law, §§4, 14. — J. Bryce, 
Am. Commonwealth, I, ch. xxxix. — G. H. Sibley, Majority 
Rule. 

Sources. — Senate Documents, 55 Cong., 2 sess.. No. 
340. 

Specimen Questions. — (1) Should the referendum be 
applied to fixing the annual rate of taxation? — (2) Does 
the initiative tend to careful law making? — (3) Should 
all the ordinances of a city council be subjected to refer- 
endum? 

§ 206. Paper No. 8. Popular Nomination Machinery. 

Bibliography. — Manwa/, §§103, 104, 275, 288.— 
Actual Government, § 42. — R. C. Ringwalt, Briefs on Public 
Questions, No. 9. — Municipal Affairs, V, 63-66. — F. W. 
Dallinger, Nominations for Elective Office, 221-224. 

Select Discussions. — J. Bryce, Am. Commonwealth, II, 
chs. Ixix-lxxiii. — M. Ostrogorski, Democracy and Political 
Parties, II, 39-279. — H. J. Ford, Rise and Growth of Am. 
Politics, ch xvi. — E. Stanwood, Hist, of the Presidency, 
ch. xiv. 

Additional Discussions. — F. W. Dallinger, Nomina- 
tions for Elective Office. — G. Myers, Hist, of Tammany Hall. 
— A. Stickney, True Republic, ch. v. 

Periodical Articles. — C. R. Woodruff, Elective Methods 
in Philadelphia (.Annals Am. Acad. Pol. Sci., XVII, 181- 
204). — W. J. Branson, Tendencies in Primary Legislation, 
Philadelphia Nominating System (Ibid., XIII, 346-363; 
XIV, 1837). — A. C. Bernheim, Party Organization in New 
York City; Ballot in New York (Pol. Sci. Quarterly, III, 
99-122; IV, 130-152). — F. W. Whitridge, Rotation in 
Office (Ibid., IV, 279-295). — J. M. Gitterman, Council of 
Appointment in New York (Ibid., VII, 80-115). — A. P. 
Dennis, Anomaly of our National Convention (Ibid., XX, 



340 CLASS-ROOM PAPERS [§ 206 

185-202, June, 1905). — C. Becker, Unit Rule; Nominations 
in Colonial New York; Revolutionary Parties in New York 
(Am. Hist. Review, Y, 64-82; VI, 260-275; VII, 56-76).— 
M. Ostrogorski, Nominating Caucus (Ibid., V, 253-283). — 
J. S. Walton, Nominating Conventions in Pennsylvania 
(Ibid, II, 262-278). — J. S. Murdock, First National Nomi- 
nating Convention (Ibid., I, 680-683). — E. L. Godkin, 
Nominating System (Atlantic Monthly, LXXIX, 450-467). 

Select Treatises. — Actual Government, ch. v. — J. 
Macy, Party Organization and Machinery, ch. v. — R. L. 
Ashley, Am. Federal State, ch. xxiii. — J. A. Woodburn, 
Political Parties, chs. x-xii, xx. 

Sources. — National Conference for Good City Govern- 
ment, Proceedings, 1901, pp. 187-207. — Text of State 
statutes on nomination of candidates, through F. W. Dal- 
linger. Nominations; through F. J. Stimson, Am. Statute 
Law; through New York State Library, Bulletin Legislation. 

Specimen Questions. — (1) Ought federal Senators to 
be nominated by popular vote? — (2) Ought the state 
government to decide whether or not a party convention 
is regular? — (3) Ought voters in a primary to declare for 
which party they will vote? 

§ 207. Paper No. 9. How to Secure Good State and Local 
Legislation. 

Bibliography. — Mawwa/, §§105, 108, 144, 161, 243, 
289, 290. — Actual Government, §§59, 86, 95. — Munic- 
ipal Affairs, V, 576. — A. L. Jones, Index to Legal Period- 
ical Literature, II, 302-307, 351-355. 

Select Discussions. — A. B. Hart, National Ideals (Am. 
Nation, XXVI), ch. vii. — P. S. Reinsch, Legislatures and 
Legislative Methods, chs. iv-x. — F. J. Goodnow, Mimicipal 
Problems, ch. iv. — J. Bryce, Am. Commonwealth, 1, chs. 
xl-xlv; II, ch. Ixxxiii. — J. A. Smith, Spirit of Am. Gov- 
ernment, ch. X. 



§ 207] GOVERNMENT 341 

Additional Discussions. — J. Schouler, Constitutional 
Studies, ch. v. — J. A. Fairlie, Municipal Administration, 
ch. xvii. — D. B. Eaton, Government of Municipalities, ch. 
X. — - T. Roosevelt, Am. Ideals, No. 5. 

Periodical Articles. — S. N. Patten, Decay of State and 
Local Governments (Annals Am. Acad. Pol. Sci., I, 26- 
42). — F. J. Stimson, Uniform State Legislation (Ibid., V, 
829-864). — G. H. Haynes, Representation in New England 
Legislatures (Ibid., VI, 254-260). — C. B. Elliott, Legis- 
latures and the Courts (Pol. Sci. Quarterly, V, 224-258) . — 
J. A. Fairlie, State Administration in New York (Ibid., XV, 
48-74). — S. Dicksen, Constitutional Restraints (Am. Law 
Register, XXXV, 477). 

Select Treatises. — Actual Government, chs. vii, xi, 
xii. — F. J. Goodnow, City Government, chs. v, vi. — J. A. 
Fairlie, Municipal Administration, chs. xvii-xx. — F. J. 
Goodnow, Municipal Home Rule. — J. A. Woodburn, Am. 
Republic, ch. vii. 

Additional Treatises. — H. E. Deming, Legislation in 
State and City, 1797-1897 (National Conference for Good 
City Government, Proceedings, 1897, pp. 89-102). — J. 
Ordronaux, Constitutional Legislation, ch. x. 

Sources. — Political and Municipal Legislation (Annals 
Am. Acad. Pol. Sci., VII, 411-425 (1895); IX, 231-245 
(1896); XI, 174-190 (1897); XIII, 212-229 (1898); XV, 
160-190 (1899); XVII, 244-259 (1900)). — New York State 
Library, Bulletin Legislation (annual volume). The address 
of the president of the American Bar Association each year 
usually includes a review of the changes in statute law. 
See especially Moorfield Storey, The Am. Legislature (Am. 
Bar Assoc, Reports, 1894, 245-272). — National Municipal 
League, Reports. 

Specimen Questions. — (1) Should a standing commission 
of lawyers be appointed to revise the drafts of bills for the 
legislature? — (2) Should a Governor have the power to 



342 CLASS-ROOM PAPERS [§ 207 

remove all municipal officials? — (3) Are third parties effec- 
tive in curing the evils of state and local government? 

§ 208. Paper No. 10. Efficiency of Executive Boards. 

Bibliography. — Manual, §§ 105, 108, 289, 290. — Actual 
Government, § 66. — Municipal Affairs, V, 25. 

Select Discussions. — J. Bryce, Am. Commonwealth, I, 
ch. xii. — W. F. Willoughby, Territories and Dependencies, 
chs. iv-x. — F. J. Goodnow, City Government, chs. iii, viii, 
ix, xii. — F. J. Goodnow, Municipal Problems, ch. x. — 
D. F. Wilcox, American City, ch. x. — T. Roosevelt, Am. 
Ideals, No. 8. — N. Matthews, City Government of Boston. 
— C. Zueblin, Am. Municipal Progress. 

Periodical Articles. — L. A. Blue, Recent Tendencies of 
State Administration (Annals Am. Acad. Pol. Sci., XVIII, 
44-55). — S. E. Sparling, State Boards of Control (Ibid., 
XVII, 74-91). — F. H. White, State Boards and Commis- 
sions (Pol. Sci. Quarterly, XVIII, 631-656, Dec, 1903). 

Select Treatises. — Actual Government, §§69, 92. — 
J. A. Fairlie, Local Government, ch. v. — F. J. Goodnow, 
Comparative Administrative Law, 1, 102-106. — J. A. 
Fairlie, Municipal Administration, ch. xviii. — J. F. Dillon, 
Municipal Corporations. — R. H. Whitten, Public Admin- 
istration in Massachusetts. 

Sources. — Reports of the various executive commis- 
sions in the states and cities, — especially on water, parks, 
railroads, public lighting, prisons, asylums, poor, etc. 

Specimen Questions. — (1) Ought such special func- 
tions as water supply to be committed to single executive 
heads? — (2) Is a board more likely to be honest than a 
single head? — (3) Should boards of education be abolished? 

§ 209. Paper No. 11. Improvement of Comity Government. 

Bibliography. — Manual, §§107, 108, 290. — Actual 
Government, § 79. — L. A. Jones, Index to Legal Periodical 
Literature, II, 118, 119. 



§ 210] GOVERNMENT 343 

Select Discussions. — J. A. Fairlie, Local Government, 
chs. iv, vi, vii. — J. Bryce, Am. Commonwealth, 1, ch. xlix. 

Additional Discussions. — Monographs on local ques- 
tions, in Johns Hopkins University Studies, 1, Nos. 3-5, 12 
(Illinois, Pennsylvania, Michigan, Northwest, South Caro- 
lina, Maryland); III, Nos. 2, 3, 5-7 (Virginia, Maryland); 
VIII, No. 3 (Wisconsin); XI, Nos. 11, 12 (South and South- 
west); XII, No. 4 (Virginia). — A. B. Hart, Practical 
Essays, No. 7. 

Select Treatises. — Actual Government, §85. — F. J. 
Goodnow, Municipal Home Rule, ch. v. — F. J. Goodnow, 
Comparative Administrative Laiv, I, 166-192. — G. E. 
Howard, Local Constitutional Hist., ch. x. 

Sources. — Reports of County Commissioners or County 
Boards. 

Specimen Questions. — (1) Should the county com- 
missioners be appointed by the governor? — (2) Should the 
counties have a representative legislature, resembling city 
councils? — (3) Should there be a state supervisor of 
county governments? 

210. Paper No. 12. Improvement of City Charters. 

Bibliography. — il/fm(/a/, §§107, 108, 290. — Actual 
Government, §§ 86, 95. — Municipal Affairs, V. 

Select Discussions. — J. Bryce, Am. Commonwealth, I, 
ch. i. — National Municipal League, The Municipal Pro- 
gram. — F. J. Goodnow, City Government, chs. iv, v. — 
F. C. Howe, The City the Hope of Democracy, ch. xi. 

Additional Discussions. — J. A. Smith, Spirit of Am. 
Government, ch. x. — L. Steffens, Shame of Cities. — D. F. 
Wilcox, Am. City. — C. Zueblin, Municipal Progress. — ■ 
D. B. Eaton, Municipalities, ch. xviii. — B. S. Coler, Mun- 
icipal Government, ch. i. — F. J. Goodnow, Municipal Home 
Rule, chs. ii-v. 



344 CLASS-ROOM PAPERS [§ 210 

Periodical Articles. — J. A. Fairlie, Municipal Codes 
in the Middle West {Pol. Sci. Quarterly, XXI, 434-446, 
Sept., 1906). — W. S. Peters, Home Rule Charter Movement 
in Missouri (Annals Acad. Pol. Sci., XXVII, 155-167, 
Jan., 1906). — H. J. Ford, Municipal Organization (Annals 
Am. Acad. Pol. Sci., XXIII, 195-222, March, 1904).— W. 
Reynolds, Baltimore under its New Charter (Ibid., XXVII, 
168-179, Jan., 1906). 

Select Treatises. — Actual Government, §§88, 100, 101. 

— R. L. Ashley, Am. Federal State, ch. xxi. — J. A. Fairlie, 
Municipal Administration, ch. v. — F. J. Goodnow, Muni- 
cipal Problems, chs. i-iii. 

Additional Treatises. — E. W. Bemis, Municipal Mo- 
nopolies, ch. vi. — F. Parsons, City for the People, chs. ii-v. 

— D. F. Wilcox, City Government, ch. iii. 

Sources. — Municipal Affairs. — City Charters. — National 
Municipal League, Proceedings. — Chicago Charter Conven- 
tion, Digest of City Charters. 

Specimen Questions. — (1) Should all city charters be 
drafted by local conventions? — (2) Should taxes be levied 
by a board composed of appointed officers? — (3) Should 
there be a uniform city charter in each state? 

§ 211. Paper No. 13. Responsible Mayoralty. 

BiB-LiOGRAFHY. — Manual, §§107, 108, 290. — Brook- 
ings and Ringwalt, Briefs for Debate, No. 19. — Municipal 
Affairs, V, 152. — L. A. Jones, Index to Legal Periodical 
Literature, II, 351-355. 

Select Discussions. — F. J. Goodnow, Municipal Home 
Rule, ch. i. — D. F. Wilcox, American City, ch. x. — J. 
Bryce, Am. Commonwealth, 1, ch. 1. — E. D. Durand, 
Council Government vs. Mayor Government (Pol. Sci. Quar- 
terly, V, 426-451, 675-709). — C. W. Eliot, Am. Contribu- 
tions to Civilization, No. 7. 



§ 212] GOVERNMENT 345 

Local Discussions. — Monographs on city government 
in Johns Hopkins University Studies, 111, Nos. 11, 12 
(Washington); IV, Nos. 1-4, 10 (New Haven, Philadelphia, 
Boston, St. Louis); VI, Nos. 2-4 (San Francisco, New 
Orleans); XIV, No. 2 (Baltimore). — James T. Young, 
Liberty vs. Efficiency (Yale Review, VIII, 274-288). — E. A. 
Greenlaw, Office of Mayor (Municipal Affairs, III, 33-60). 
— National Conference for Good City Government, Pro- 
ceedings, 1896, pp. 71-80, 152-219; (1900), pp. 119-128, 
136-146. — J. Parker, Municipal Government in Massa- 
chusetts, 16-24. 

Select Treatises. — Actual Government, §§91-93. — 
F. J. Goodnow, City Government, ch. viii. — D. F. Wilcox, 
Study of City Government, §§98-115. — J. A. Fairlie, 
Municipal Administration, ch. xix. 

Additional Treatises. — W. M. Ivins, Municipal Gov- 
ernment (Pol. Sci. Quarterly, II, 291-312). — D. B. Eaton, 
Government of Municipalities, chs. x, xiv. — F. J. Good- 
now, Municipal Problems, ch. x. 

Sources. — Reports and inaugural addresses of Mayors. — 
N. Matthews, Jr., City Government of Boston. — J. Quincy, 
Message of 1899 (as retiring Mayor of Boston). 

Specimen Questions. — (1) Should mayors have terms 
of ten years? — (2) Should mayors appoint all subordi- 
nate executive officers? — (3) Should mayors be remov- 
able by Governors? 

§ 212. Paper No. 14. Development of the Cabinet. 

Bibliography. — MawaaZ, §§109, 110, 245, 292. — 
Actual Government, § 128. — Brookings and Ringwalt, Briefs 
for Debate, Nos. 15, 16. — List of Civil Lists (Am. Hist. 
Review, II, 758-766). 

Select Discussions. — L. G. McConachie, Congressional 
Committees, ch. vii. — J. F. Jameson, Essays in Constitu- 
tiorml Hist., 116-186. — B. Harrison, This Country of Ours, 



346 CLASS-ROOM PAPERS [§ 212 

chs. vi, xi-xviii. — J. Bryce, Am. Commonwealth, 1, chs. x, 
XV, xvi, XXV. — A. L. Lowell, Essays on Government, No. 1. 

— D. B. R. Keim, Society in Washington. — B. A. Hins- 
dale, Am. Government, ch. xxxiii. 

Periodical Articles. — M. L. Hinsdale, Cabinet and 
Congress (Am. Pol. Sci. Assoc, Proceedings, II, 126-148). 

— H. B. Learned, Origin and Creation of the President's 
Cabinet (Yale Review, August, 1906). — F. Snow, Defence of 
Congressional Government (Am. Hist. Assoc, Papers, IV, 
109); and Cabinet Government (Annals of Am. Acad. Pol. 
Sci., Ill, 1-13). — Legal Profession in the Cabinet (Am. Law 
Review, XXIII, 280). — S. E. Baldwin, Absolute Power 
(Yale Law Journal, VII, 1). 

Select Treatises. — Actual Government, §§ 129, 130. — 
J. A. Fairlie, National Administration. — R. L. Ashley, 
Am. Federal State, ch. xv. — W. Wilson, Congressional 
Government, ch. v. 

Additional Treatises. — E. C. Mason, Veto Power, 
§§25-28. — H. J. Ford, Am. Politics, 383-396. — J. L C. 
Hare, Am. Constitutional Law, I, lect. 10. — J. W. Burgess, 
Political Science, II, 263, 311-316. — W. A. Sutherland, 
Notes on the Constitution, 460. 

Sources. — Senate Reports, 47 Cong., 2 sess. (1881), No. 
837. — Message and Documents (annual reprint of reports 
of members of the Cabinet). — J. A. Garfield, Works, 1, 16. 

Select Cases. — Williams v. U. S. (1843), 1 Howard, 
298. — Wilcox V. Jackson (1839), 13 Peters, 513. — Hez- 
ler V. Faulkner (1893), 153 U. S., 117. — Bartlett v. Kane 
(1853), 16 Howard, 272. — U. S. v. McComb (1875), 92 
U. S., 541. — Keim v. U. S. (1899), 177 U. S.. 292. 

Specimen Questions. — (1) Ought Presidents to send 
important messages to Congress without consulting the 
Cabinet? — (2) Should the President consult the Secretary 
of State with regard to the tariff? — (3) Are the acts of a 
head of a department the acts of the President? 



§ 213] GOVERNMENT 347 

§ 213. Paper No. 15. Needs of Civil Service Reform. 

Bibliography. — Mawua/, §§ 109, 110, 155, 245, 292.— 
Actual Government, § 125. — C. R. Fish, Civil Service and 
Patronage, Appendix D. — Brookings and Ringwalt, Briefs 
for Debate, No. 17. — Municipal Affairs, V, 52, 53. — L. A. 
Jones, Index to Legal Periodical Literature, II, 73, 74. 

Select Discussions. — T. Roosevelt, Strenuous Life, 41- 
112, 125-152. — T. Roosevelt, Am. Ideals, No. 7. — C. R. 
Fish, Civil Service and Patronage, chs. vi-ix. — M. Ostro- 
gorski, Democracy and Political Parties, ch. ix. — A. B. 
Hart, Practical Essays, No. 4. — J. Bryce, Am. Coynmon- 
wealth, II, ch. Ixv. — E. Sparks, National Development {Am. 
Nation, XXIII), chs. x, xii. — D. R. Dewey, National 
Problems {Am. Nation, XXIV), ch. ii. 

Additional Discussions. — F. A. Cleveland, Growth of 
Democracy , chs. xi, xv. — J. A. Woodburn, Political Parties, 
chs. ix, xvii. 

Periodical Articles. — F. P. Powers, Reform of the 
Federal Service {Pol. Sci. Quarterly, III, 247-264). — G. E. 
Howard, Imperialism and the Civil Service {Ibid., XIV, 240- 
250). — J. M. Merriam, Jefferson's Patronage (Am. Hist. 
Assoc, Papers, II, 47-52). — G. McAneny, Civil Service 
{Municipal Affairs, IV, 708-720). 

Select Treatises. — Actual Government, §§ 71, 94, 131- 
134. — J. A. Fairlie, National Administration, 252-257. — 
F. J. Goodnow, Politics and Administration, ch. v. — F. J. 
Goodnow, Municipal Problems, ch. viii. 

Additional Treatises. — E. C. Mason, Veto Power, 
§§25-29. — L. M. Salmon, Appointing Power. — G. W. 
Curtis, Orations and Addresses, II, 477. — H. C. Lodge, 
Historical and Political Essays, 114-137. — F. J. Goodnow, 
Comparative Administrative Law, II, 34-44. — D. B. Eaton 
Government of Municipalities, chs. vii, viii. 

Official Sources. — Good Government (monthly period- 
ical). — National Civil Service Reform League, Proceed- 



348 CLASS-ROOM PAPERS [§ 213 

ings. — U. S. Civil Service Commission, Annual Report. — 
Massachusetts Civil Service Commission, Annual Report. — 
New York Civil Service Commission, Annual Report. 

Unofficial Sources. — C. R. Fish, Removals (tabula- 
tion in Am. Hist. Assoc, Annual Report, 1899, I, 67-86). 
— T. Roosevelt, Civil Service Reform (Atlantic Monthly, 
LXVII, 252-257; LXXV, 239-246). — Contemporaries, III, 
§158; IV, §§197, 199, 202. — G. Hunt, Office Seeking 
under Washington, John Adams, and Jefferson (Am. Hist. 
Review, I, 270-283; II, 241-261; III, 270-291). 

Specimen Questions. — (1) Ought heads of city de- 
partments to be selected only by promotion and to have 
permanent terms? — (2) Should the Governors be pro- 
hibited from making any removals except for cause stated 
in writing, after a hearing? — (3) Should all appointed 
officers be put into the classified service? 

§ 214. Paper No. 16. Defects of the Committee System. 

Bibliography. — Manual, §§ 111, 112, 244, 291. — Actual 
Government, § 102. — Brookings and Ringwalt, Briefs for 
Debate, No. 15. — M. P. Follett, The Speaker, 331-334. — 
L. G. McConachie, Congressional Committees, 420-425. 

Select Discussions. — J. Bryce, Am. Commonwealth, I, 
chs. xiv, XV. — M. P. Follett, The Speaker, §§ 130-144.— 
P. S. Reinsch, Legislatures and Legislative Methods, eh. v. — 
L. G. McConachie, Congressional Committees. — W. Wilson, 
Congressional Govermnent, chs. ii-iv. 

Periodical Articles. — T. B. Reed, How the House does 
Business (North Am. Review, Vol. 164, pp. 641-650, June, 
1897). 

Select Treatises. — Actual Government, § 109. — R. L. 
Ashley, Am. Federal State, ch. xii. — J. A. Woodburn, Am. 
Republic, ch. v. 

Sources. — Congressional Record (any typical day's 
session, which shows committee business). — J. G. Ames, 



§ 215] GOVERNMENT 349 

Comprehensive ndexes to Publications of the Government. — • 
T. H. McKee, Reports of the Select and Special Committees 
(list of reports). — House Reports and Senate Reports, for text 
of committee reports. — Hearings before committees are occa- 
sionally published, though not in any regular series. 

Specimen Questions. — (1) Should committees be com- 
pelled to make some report on every bill committed to 
them? — (2) Should committees be changed in member- 
ship every two months? — (3) Should committees elect 
their own chairmen? 

§ 215. Paper No. 17. Influences on the Legislation of Congress. 

Bibliography. — Mamia/, §§ 111, 112, 137, 244, 291.— 
Actual Government, § 110. — M. P. Follett, The Speaker, ch. 
xi. — L. A. Jones, Index to Legal Periodical Literature, II, 
85, 86. —W. I. Fletcher, "A.L.A." Index to General Litera- 
ture (2d ed.), 131. 

Select Discussions. — M. P. Follett, The Speaker, chs. 
iv-vi. — J. Bryce, Am. Commonwealth, I, chs. xix-xxi. — • 
H. Von Hoist, Constitutional Laiv, §§ 33, 34. — F. A. Cleve- 
land, Growth of Democracy , ch. xiii. 

Additional Discussions. — A. B. Hart, Practical Essays, 
Nos. 1, 9. — E. C. Mason, Veto Power, ch. iv. — W. Wilson, 
Congressional Government, ch. vi. — J. Parton, Topics of 
the Time. 

Periodical Articles. — E. P. Lee, Congress at Work 
{Albany Law Journal^ XLVIII, 386). — E. F. Crump, How 
Congress Votes Money (North Am. Review, Vol. 162, p. 14). 

— E. C. Mason, Congressional Demands for Information 
(Am. Hist. Assoc, Papers, V, 367-378). 

Select Treatises. — Actual Government, § 115. — P. S. 
Reinsch, Legislatures and Legislative Methods, chs. viii, ix. 

— R. L. Ashley, Am. Federal State, ch. xvii. 

Sources. — B. Harrison, This Country of Ours. — J. H. 
McKee, Red Book (Congressional forms) . — Congressional 



350 CLASS-ROOM PAPERS [§ 215 

Record (a typical day during the session of Congress) . — 
H. C. Lodge, Historical and Political Essays, 169-197. — 
J. A. Garfield, A Century of Congress {Works, VI, 463). 

Specimen Questions. — (1) Should a Congressman vote 
against his convictions, because his constituents so desire? — 
(2) Should it be made a misdemeanor for non-members to 
accept fees for arguing with Congressmen upon pending 
legislation? — (3) Can the newspapers compel Congress to 
act against its preference? 

§ 216. Paper No. 18. Administrative Decisions. 

Bibliography. — Mam^a/, §§113-116, 217, 246, 293.— 
J. A. Fairlie, National Administration, 263-265. — W. M. 
Rose, Notes on the United States Reports (Indexes, s. v. 
certiorari, injunctions, mandamus, scire facias, etc.). 

Select Discussions. — F. J. Goodnow, Comparative 
Administrative Law, I, 31-45; II, 144-216. — J. A. Fairlie, 
National Administration, passim. — - D F. Wilcox, Stvdy 
of City Government, ch. iii. 

Periodical Articles. — T. R. Powell, Administrative 
Determinations {Am. Pol. Sci. Review, I, 583-607, August, 
1907). — H. M. Bowman, Administrative Tribunals {Pol. 
Sci. Quarterly, XXI, 609-625, Dec, 1906). — E. D. Remick, 
Corporations and the Courts {Ibid., V, 214-223). — J. R. 
Commons, State Supervision of Cities {Annals Am. Acad. 
Pol. Sci., V, 861-881). — G. N. Lieber, Executive Regula- 
tions {Am. Law Review, XXXI, 876). — W. H. Rand, 
Judicial Legislation {Harvard Law Review, VIII, 328). 

Select Treatises. — B. Wyman, Administrative Law. — 
T. M. Cooley, Constitutional Limitations (7th ed.), 143, 
note. — F. J. Goodnow, Politics and Administration, chs. 
iv, V. — J. F. Dillon, Municipal Corporations (4th ed.), II, 
chs. xx-xxiii. — T. E. Holland, Jurisprudence, 325-328. 

Select Cases. — F. J. Goodnow, Cases on Government 
and Administration; F. J. Goodnow, Cases on the Law of 



§ 217] GOVERNMENT 351 

Officers. — Decisions of the special administrative courts, 
as Secretary of the Treasury, boards of general appraisers, 
land office. Commerce Commission, Reports, etc. — Shum- 
way V. Bennett (1874), 29 Michigan, 451. — U. S. v. Ju Toy 
(1904), 198 U. S., 253; Goodnow, Cases on Government, 127. 
— McMillen v. Anderson (1877), 95 U. S., 37. — Field v. 
Clark (1891), 143 U. S., 649. 

Specimen Questions. — (1) Should the decision of a rail- 
road commission go into effect before it is reviewed by the 
decree of a court in a suit? — (2) Are the decisions of the 
Secretary of the Treasury law? — (3) Can a court manda- 
mus a governor? 

§ 217. Paper No. 19. Principle of Declaring Acts Void. 

Bibliography. — Mam^aZ, §§113, 114, 216, 246, 293.— 
Actual Government, § 135. 

Select Discussions. — W. W. Willoughby, Constitu- 
tional System, ch. iii. — J. Bryce, Am. Commonwealth, I, 
ch. xxxiii. — J. B. Thayer, Origin and Scope of the Am. 
Doctrine of Constitutional Law, 4—12. — J. B. Thayer, John 
Marshall, 61-78, 95-101, 104-110. — J. B. Thayer, Cases, 
I, 10-47, 146-154. — B. Coxe, Judicial Power and Uncon- 
stitutional Legislation. — A, B. Hart, Salmon P. Chase, 
chs. xiv, XV. 

Additional Discussions. — T. M. Cooley and others. 
Constitutional Hist, in the Development of Am. Law, 9-14, 
37-43, 76-80, 179-188, 221-223, 226-233. — W. W. Wil- 
loughby, Supreme Court, chs. v, vi. — H. L. Carson, Supreme 
Court, 203-206, 366, 378. — C. B. Davis in 131 U. S. Reports, 
App. ccxxxv. 

Periodical Articles. — T. Thayer, Limits of Constitu- 
tional Law {Yale Review, VI, 7-16). — T. M. Good, An 
Athenian Parallel {Ibid., II, 64-73). — R. C. McMurtrie, 
Jurisdiction to Declare Acts Void {Am. Law Register, XXXII, 
1093). — C. B. Elliott, Legislatures and Courts {Pol. Sci. 
Quarterly, V, 224-258). — W. H. Meigs, Relation of the 



352 CLASS-ROOM PAPERS [§217 

Judiciary to the Constitution (Am. Law Review, XIX, 175- 
203). — R. C. Davis, Judicial Decisions on Statutes Pro- 
hibiting Combinations and Trusts (Quarterly Journal of 
Economics, XIV, 416). — C. G. Tiedeman, Income Tax 
Decisions (Annals Am. Acad. Pol. Sci., VI, 268-279). — 
E. J. James, Legal Tender Decisions (x^m. Econ. Assoc, 
Publications, TV, No. 5). — S. P. Costigan, Supreme Court 
(Yale Law Journal, XVI, 259-272). 

Select Treatises. — Actual Government, § 145. — E. 
McClain, Constitutional Law, chs. xxv-xxix. — S. E. Bald- 
win, Ain. Judiciary, ch. vii. — W. A. Sutherland, Notes on 
the Constitution, 496-550. — J. Story, Commentaries (Cooley 
ed.), §§373-397. — T. M. Cooley, Constitutional Limita- 
tions, ch. vii. 

Additional Treatises. — H. Von Hoist, Constitutional 
Law, §§ 18, 19, 61. — F. J. Goodnow, Comparative Admin- 
istrative Law, II, 200-206. — J. W. Burgess, Political Science, 
II, 325-329. — S. F. Miller, Constitution, 98-111, 135-141.— 
H. C. Black, Handbook of Constitutional Law (2d ed.), § 31. 

— J. I. C. Hare, Constitutional Law, lects. 8, 22. — Dana's 
Wheaton, note 31. — J. N. Pomeroy, Constitutional Law, 
§§ 134-148. — J. Kent, Commentaries, I, lect. 12, 449-454. 

Sources. — A. Hamilton in Federalist, Nos. 78, 80, 81. 

— Passages quoted in Thayer, Cases, I, 83-94. — J. Elliot, 
Debates (2d ed.), II, 196, 197, 489; III, 205, 324, 325, 
553; IV, 155; V, 151, 321, 344, 346, 347, 429. — J. B. 
Thayer, Cases, I, 34-154 (includes state cases and valuable 
notes). 

Colonial and Preconstitutional Cases. — Frost v. 
Leighton (Mass., 1739), Am. Hist. Review, II, 229-240.— 
Paxton's Case (Mass., 1761), Thayer, Cases, I, 48-55.— 
Josiah Phillips (Va., 1778), Am. Hist. Review, 1, 444-484. 

— Holmes v. Walton (N. J., 1780), Ibid., IV, 45&-469. — 
Trevett v. Weeden (R. I., 1786), Thayer, Cases, I, 73-78. — 
Bayard v. Singleton (N. C, 1789), Thayer, Cases, I, 78-83. 



§ 217] GOVERNMENT 353 

Early Cases Relating to Federal Laws, (1789-1803). 
— Letter to the President (1790), Am. Jurist, IV, 293; J. 
Story, Commentaries, § 1579n. — Hayburn's Case (1792), 
2 Dallas, 409; see M. Farrand in Am. Hist. Review, XIII, 
281-285. — U. S. V. Yale Todd (1794), 13 Howard, 53 
(note to U. S. v. Ferreira); Thayer, Cases, I, 105n. — Mar- 
bury V. Madison (1803), 1 Cranch, 137; Thayer, Cases, I, 
107-114; Boyd, Cases, 17; McClain, Cases, 815 (reviewed 
by S. Pennoyer in Am. Law Review, XXX, 183). 

Ante-Bellum Cases (1851-1857). — U. S. v. Ferreira 
(1851-1852), 13 Howard, 40; Thayer, Cases, I, 160, 161; 
Boyd, Cases, 471. — Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857), 19 
Howard, 393; Thayer, Cases, I, 480-496. 

Cases on the Civil War and its Results. — Gordon v. 
U. S. (1865), 2 Wallace, 561; also 117 U. S., 695, App. — 
U. S. V. Jones, 119 U. S., 477. — In re Sanborn (1892), 148 
U. S., 222. — Ex parte Garland (1867), 4 Wallace, 333; 
Thayer, Cases, II, 1453; McClain, Cases, 576; Boyd, Cases, 
324. — Hepburn D. Griswold (1870), 8 Wallace, 603; Thayer, 
Cases, II, 1222; Boyd, Cases, 118. — U. S. v. DeWitt (1870), 
9 Wallace, 41; Thayer, Cases, I, 735-737. — Justices v. 
Murray (1870), 9 Wallace, 274. — Collector v. Day (1871), 
11 Wallace, 113; Thayer, Cases, II, 1378; Boyd, Cases, 64; 
McClain, Cases, 153. — U. S. v. Klein (1872), 13 Wallace, 
128. — Civil Rights Cases (1883-84), 109 U. S., 3; Thayer, 
Cases, I, 554; Boyd, Cases, 518; McClain, Cases, 37. 

Reversal of Hepburn v. Griswold. — Knox v. Lee 
(1871), 12 Wallace, 457; Boyd, Cases, 136. — Parker v. Davis 
(1870), 13 Wallace, 604. — Railroad v. Johnson (1872), 15 
Wallace, 195. — Railroad Co. v. Maryland (1874), 22 
Wallace, 105; Thayer, Cases, II, 1953-1957. — Juillard v. 
Greenman (1884), 110 U. S., 421; Thayer, Cases, II, 2225; 
Boyd, Cases, 157; McClain, Cases, 442 

General Cases since Reconstruction. — U. S. v. 
Railroad Co. (1873), 17 Wallace, 322; McClain, Cases, 158. 
— U. S. V. Reese (1875), 92 U. S., 214. — U. S. v. Fox 



354 CLASS-ROOM PAPERS [§ 217 

(1877), 95 U. S., 670. — Trade Mark Cases (1879), 100 
U. S., 82; Thayer, Cases, II, 1993-1997. — Kilbourn v. 
Thompson (1880), 103 U. S., 168; McClain, Cases, 553.— 
U. S. V. Harris (1882), 106 U. S., 629. — Boyd v. U. S. 
(1886), 116 U. S., 616; McClain, Cases, 885. — Baldwin v. 
Franks (1887), 120 U. S., 678. — Callan v. Wilson (1888), 
127 U. S., 540; Thayer, Cases, I, 358-361. — Counselman v. 
Hitchcock (Interstate Commerce, 1892), 142 U. S., 547.— 
Income Tax Cases (1895), 158 U. S., 601. 

Most Recent Cases. — C. &. N. W. Ry. v. Chicago 
(1896), 164 U. S., 454. — Dewey v. Des Moines (1898), 
173 U. S., 193. — Keim v. U. S. (1899), 177 U. S., 292. — 
Howard v. Fleming (1903), 191 U. S., 126. — N. M. B. & L. 
Association v. Brahan (1903), 193 U. S.. 635. — Buttfield v. 
Stranahan (1903), 192 U. S., 470. 

Specimen Questions. — (1) If a state court declares a 
federal statute void, is that statute thereafter binding on 
any one before it has been held valid by the federal Supreme 
Court? — (2) May a federal court declare a state act void 
which has been held valid by the State Supreme Court? — 
(3) Can a tax law be declared void after the taxes have 
been collected and spent? 

§ 218. Paper No. 20a. Status of Territory Conquered but 
not Ceded. 

Bibliography. — Manual, §§26, 71, 72, 115, 116, 163, 
164, 173, 185, 247, 294. — J. B. Moore, Digest of Interna- 
tional Law, VII, §§ 1143-1156, footnotes. — Actual Govern- 
ment, § 160. — G. C. Lewis, Government of Dependencies, 
165-167. 

Select Discussions. — W. F. Willoughby, Territories 
and Dependencies. — D. Y. Thomas, Military Government in 
newly acquired Territory. — Polk's Message, Feb. 10, 1848, 
in J. D. Richardson, Messages and Papers, IV, 571. — 
E. G. Bourne, Essays in Hist. Criticism, No. 9. — T. H. 



^ 218] GOVERNMENT 355 

Hittell, California, II, 45S-46S, 573-637, 655-672. — H. H. 
Bancroft, Paci-fic States, VIII, 448, 529, 530; XVII, chs. 
ix-xvii. 

Periodical Articles. — R. D. Hunt, Legal Status of 
California, 1846-184-9 (Annals Am. Acad. Pol. Sci., XII, 
387-408). — C. Becker, Acquisition and Government of 
Dependent Territory (Ibid., XVI, 404-420). — E. Freund, 
Control of Dependencies through Protectorates (Pol. Sci. 
Quarterly, XIV, 19-38). 

Select Treatises. — J. B. Moore, Digest of International 
Law, VII, §§ 1143-1156. — C. F. Randolph, Law and Policy 
of Annexation. — W. A. Sutherland, Notes on the Constitu- 
tion, 472-474. 

Additional Treatises. — C. Calvo, Droit International 
(4th ed.), IV, 212-235, 387-395. — J. Kent, Commentaries, 

I, 93n. — Lawrence's Wheaton, 6S2-6S5n. — Dana's Wheaton, 
note 169. — H. W. Halleck, International Law (Baker ed.), 

II, 444-460, 493-507. — R. Phillimore, International Law 
(3d ed.). Ill, 812-816. — W. E. Hall, International Law 
(4th ed.), 481-504, 587-595. 

Sources. — Military government of Mexico, House Exec- 
utive Documents, 29 Cong., 2 .ses.s., No. 19 (1846); 30 Cong., 
2 sess., No. 47 (1849). — Military Government of Cali- 
fornia, W. Colton, Three Years in California, 17, 47, 55, 65; 
W. T. Sherman, Memoirs, I, 30, 31, 36, 37, 40, 41. — F. 
Wharton, Digest, §§3, 4, 3.54, 355. — Recent Usage, Con- 
vention respecting the Laws and Customs of War on Land, 
The Hague, July 29, 1899. 

Cases. — F. Snow, Cases and Opinions, 364-380. — U. S. 
V. Rice (1819), 4 Wheaton, 246; 4 Curtis, 391. — Fleming v. 
Page (1849), 9 Howard, 603; 18 Curtis, 278. — Jecker v. 
Montgomery (1851), 13 Howard, 498; 19 Curtis, 615.— 
New Orleans v. Steamship Co. (1874), 20 Wallace, 387.— 
Mechanics Bank v. Union Bank (1874), 22 Wallace, 276. — 
Harrison v. Myer (1875), 92 U. S., 111. — Gates v. Goodloe 



356 CLASS-ROOM PAPERS [§218 

(1879), 101 U. S., 612. — Thirty Hogsheads of Sugar v. 
Boyle (1815), 9 Cranch, 191. — Cross v. Harrison (1853), 16 
Howard, 164. — Dooley v. U. S. (1901), 182 U. S., 222; 
Goodnow, Cases on Officers, 495. — Ex parte Ortiz (1900), 
100 Federal Reporter, 955. — Downes v. Bidwell (1901), 
182 U. S., 244. 

Specimen Questions. — (1) May the military occupying 
a conquest take private property for public use? — (2) May 
a military officer set up a civil constitution in the district 
which he occupies? — (3) Is the acquired region in any 
way subject to laws of Congress, previous to cession? 

§ 219. Paper No. 20b. Status of Territory Ceded but not 
Organized. 

Bibliography. — ManiiaZ, §§163, 178, 247, 294.— 
R. C. Ringwalt, Briefs on Public Questions, No. 10. 

Select Discussions. — W. W. Willoughby, Constitu- 
tional System, chs. xiii, xiv, xvii. — W. F. Willoughby, 
Territories and Dependencies. — W. F. Johnson, Century of 
Expansion, chs. iv-ix. — E. Channing, Jeffersonian System 
(Am. Nation, XII), ch. vi. 

Additional Discussions. — A. B. Hart, Foundations of 
Foreign Policy, chs. v, vi. — P. S. Reinsch, Colonial Govern- 
ment, part ii. — D. S. Jordan, Imperial Democracy, Nos. 3, 
4. — W. Reid, Problems of E.vpansion. — G. C. Lewis, 
Government of Dependencies (Lucas ed.). Introduction. — 
H. Adams, United States, II, 118-131, 399-401. — F. X. 
Martin, Louisiana, ch. xxvii. — A. C. Coolidge. U. S. as a 
World Power, chs. vii, viii. 

Periodical Articles. — L. S. Rowe, Insular Decisions, 
(Annals of Am. Acad. Pol. ScL, XVIII, 226-250). — R. D. 
Hunt, Legal Status of California, 1846-1849 (Ibid, XII, 
387-408). — T. Williams, Ethical and Political Principles 
of Expansion (Ibid., XVI, 227-242). — L. S. Rowe, Civil 
Government in the Philippines (Ibid., XX, 313-327). — P. S. 



§219] ' GOVERNMENT 357 

Reinsch, Colonial Autonomy (Am. Pol. Sci. Assoc, Proceed- 
ings, I, 116-143). — B. Moses, Colonial Policy (Ibid., 1, 
88-116). — J. W. Burgess, Government of Distant Territory; 
Constitution and Newly Acquired Territory (Pol. Sci. Quar- 
terly, XIV, 1-18; XV, 381-398). — J. Lowndes, Law of 
Annexed Territory (Ibid., XI, 672-693). — E. Freund, Con- 
trol of Dependencies Through Protectorates (Ibid, XIV, 19- 
38). — A. L. Lowell, Colonial E.rpansion (Atlantic Monthly, 
LXXXIII, 145-154). — A. L. Lowell, Status of Our New 
Possessions (Harvard Law Review, XIII, 155-176). — S. E. 
Baldwin, Historic Policy of the U. S. (Am. Hist. Assoc, 
Report, 1893, pp. 369-390). — L. R. Wilfley, Legal Status of 
Philippines (Yale Law Journal, XIV, 266-276, Feb., 1906). 

Select Treatises. — J. B. Moore, Digest, I, §§80-115. 
— Actual Government, § 167. — E. McClain, Constitutional 
Law, ch. xxxii. — ^ C. F. Randolph, Law and Policy of An- 
nexation. — C. S. Patterson, U. S. Under the Constitution, 
§ 8. — Lawrence's Wheaton, 55, 56, 99n, lOOn, 312-316, 
513n, 514n, 591-597, 683n, 684n. — F. Wharton, Commen- 
taries, §§ 460-465. — H. Von Hoist, Constitutional Law, 
§ 53. — J. H. Giddings, Democracy and Empire, chs. i, xvi, 
xvii. — J. N. Pomeroy, Constitutional Law, §§ 490-499. 

Sources. — Cowtemporones, III, §§ 113, 114; IV, §§ 186- 
191. —Am. Hist. Leaflets, No. 32. — M. Hill, Liberty Docu- 
ments, ch. xxiv. — F. Wharton, Digest, §§ 3-5, 354, 355. — 
A. H. Howe, Insular Cases, House Documents, 56 Cong., 
2 sess. (1901), No. 509 (briefs and arguments in the Porto 
Rican and Philippine cases). 

Select Cases. — DeLima v. Bidwell (May, 1901), 182 
U. S., 1. — Dooley v. U. S. (May, 1901), 182 U. S., 222; 
Goodnow, Cases on Officers, 495. — Downes v. Bidwell 
^ (May, 1901), 182 U. S., 244. — Diamond Rings Cases (Dec, 
1901), 183 U. S., 176. — Dooley v. U. S. (2d case, Dec, 
1901), 183 U. S., 151. — Hawaii v. Nankichi (1902), 190 
U. S., 197. — Dorr v. U. S. (1903), 195 U. S., 138. 



358 CLASS-ROOM PAPERS [§ 219 

Specimen Questions. — (1) Does territory enter the 
United States by virtue of a treaty of cession? — (2) Do 
the revenue acts of Congress apply to ceded territories? — 
(3) Are the people of ceded territory entitled to the priv- 
ileges of the Federal Constitution? 

§ 220. Paper No. 21. Difficulties in Assessing Personal Taxes. 

Bibliography. — ManuaZ, §§ 117, 118, 148, 248, 295.— 
Actual Government, §171. — R. C. Ringwalt, Briefs on 
Public Questions, No. 23. — Brookings and Ringwalt, Briefs 
for Debate, Nos. 45, 46. — Municipal Affairs, V, 73, 74. — 
L. A. Jones, Index to Legal Periodical Literature, II, 483- 
487. — W. I. Fletcher, ''A.L.A." Index to General Litera- 
ture (2d ed.), 570. 

Select Discussions. — E. R. A. Seligman, Essays in 
Taxation. — D. F. Wilcox, Am. City, ch. xii. — R. T. Ely, 
Taxation in Am. States and Cities, 131-234. 

Periodical Articles. — L. Purdy, Taxation of Person- 
alty (Municipal Affairs, III, 299-349). — /Sm,f//e Tax Dis- 
cussion {Journal of Social Sci., XXVII, 1-124). — E. A. 
Angell, Tax Inquisition System in Ohio (Yale Review, V, 
350-373). — R. H. Whitten, Assessment in Chicago (Journal 
Political Economy, V, 174). — N. Matthews, Double Taxa- 
tion (Quart. Journal of Economics, IV, 339).^ — J. W. Chap- 
man, State Tax Commissions (Johns Hopkins University 
Studies, XV, Nos. 10, 11). — Max West, Theory of Inheri- 
tance Tax, City and County Taxes (Pol. Sci. Quarterly, 
VIII, 426-444; XIV, 305-324, 470-499). — J. C. Schwab, 
Hist, of the New York Property Tax (Am. Econ. Assoc, 
Publications, V, No. 4). 

Select Treatises. — Actual Government, § 175. — J. A. 
Fairlie, Local Government, ch. xv. — F. J. Goodnow, City 
Government, ch. xiii. — C. C. Plehn, General Property Tax 
in California. — F. R. Clow, Comparative Study of the 
Administration of City Finances (Am. Econ. Assoc, Eco- 



§ 221] GOVERNMENT 359 

numic Studies, I, No. 3; II, No. 3; 3d ser., II, No. 4. — 
E. R. A. Seligman, Economics, § 115. — J. F. Dillon, Muni- 
cipal Corporations, II, ch. xix. — T. M. Cooley, Laiv of 
Taxation, ch. xii. — H. Von Hoist, Constitutional Law, 
§ 96. — H. George, Progress and Poverty, Book viii, chs. 
iii, iv. — V. Rosewater, Special Assessments (Colombia Uni- 
versity, Studies, II, 359). — T. M. Cooley, Constitutional 
Limifatiotis, ch. xiv. 

Sources. — Statistics in Tribune Almanac and World 
Almanac (annuals). — Reports of state treasurers and 
auditors. 

Specimen Questions. — (1) Should all corporations be 
compelled to furnish to the various state authorities lists 
of their stockholders and the amount of their holdings, 
resident in each of the states? — (2) Should all personal 
taxes be abolished? — (3) Should there be state income 
taxes? 

§ 221. Paper No. 22. Difficulties of Tariff Administration. 

Bibliography. — .1/fmM.a/, §§117, 118, 248, 295.— 
Actual Government, §§ 171, 180. — D. R. Dewey, Financial 
Hist., §77. — E. R. A. Seligman, Economics, §199. — R. 
C. Ringwalt, Briefs on Public Questions, Nos. 12-15. — • 
L. A. Jones, Index to Legal Periodical Literature, II, 482, 
483. 

Select Discussions. — D. R. Dewey, Financial Hist., 
chs. viii, xxi. — A. Johnston, Political Hist. (Woodburn 
ed.), ch. xvii. — 0. L. Elliott, Tariff Controversy. — J. D. 
Goss, Tariff Administration. — F. W. Taussig, Tariff Hist., 
chs. iii, iv. 

Periodical Articles. — F. J. Goodnow, Collection of 
Duties {Pol. Sci. Quarterly, I, 36-44). — E. J. Shriver, How 
Customs Duties Work {Ibid., 265-273). — S. B. Harding, 
Minimum Principle {Annals Am. Acad. Pol. Sci., VI, 100- 
116). — O. H. Perry, Proposed Tariff Legislation since 



360 CLASS-ROOM PAPERS [§ 221 

1883 (Quart. Journal Economics, II, 691). — T. B. Reed, 
Tariff and Business (North Am. Review, vol, 158, p. 110). — 
E. L. Godkin, Political and Social Aspects (New Puritan 
Review, III, 164). — W. Hill, First Stages of the Tariff Policy 
(Am. Econ. Assoc, Publications, VIII, No. 5). 

Sfjlect Treatises. — Actual Government, § 177. — E. R. 
A. Seligman, Economics, ch. xxx. — W. J. Ashley, Tariff 
Problem. — J. A. Fairlie, National Administration, ch. vii. 

Additional Treatises. — E. Stanwood, Tariff Contro- 
versies. — F. H. Giddings, Democracy and Empire, ch. ix. 

Sources. — E. Young, Special Report on the Customs 
Tariff Legislation of the U. S. (House Exec. Docs., 42 Cong., 
2 sess.. No. 109 (1872). — H. Talbot (compiler). Tariff 
Hearings before Committee on Ways and Means (1893). — 
D. Manning, Reports of Secretary of the Treasury (1885, 
1886). — Secretary of Treasury, Annual Reports. — Com- 
missioner of Customs, Annual Reports. — Wm. MacDonald, 
Select Documents, Nos. 44, 45, 56. 

Specimen Questions. — (1) Should all goods imported 
be valued by appraisers without reference to the invoices? 
— (2) Should all duties be made specific? — (3) Should 
unproductive schedules of the tariff be dropped out? 

§ 222. Paper No. 23. Federal Control of Corporations. 

Bibliography. — Manual, §§119, 120, 162. — Actual 
Government, § 207. — R. C. Ringwalt, Briefs on Public 
Questions, Nos. 16, 19. 

Select Discussions. — A. B. Hart, National Ideals (Am. 
Nation, XXVI), ch. xiii. — D. R. Dewey, National Prob- 
lems (Am. Nation, XXIV), ch. xii. — J. Bryce, Am. Com- 
monwealth, II, ch. civ. — F. H. Giddings, Democracy and 
Empire, ch. vii. 

Periodical Articles. — G. K. Holmes, State Control 
of Corporations (Pol. Sci. Quarterly, V, 411). — E. W. Huff- 
cut, Constitutional Aspects of Federal Control of Corpora- 



§ 223] GOVERNMENT 361 

tions {Am. Law Review, XXXIV, 186). — C. C. Langdell, 
The Northern Securities Case and the Sherman Anti-Trust 
Act (Harvard Law Review, XVI, 539). — W. D. Guthrie, Con- 
stitutionality of the Sherman Anti-Trust Act (Ibid, XI, 80). 

— W. F. Dana, Monopoly under the National Anti-Trust 
Act (Ibid., VII, 338). — A. Russell, Federal Jurisdiction 
over State Corporations (Ibid., VII, 16). — W. F. Dana, The 
Supreme Court and the Sherman Act {Ibid., XVI, 178). — 
A. L. Haines, Power of Congress over Combinations Affecting 
Interstate Commerce {Ibid, XVII, 83), — B. Wyman, The 
Law of Public Callings as a Solution of the Trust Problem 
(Ibid., XVII, 156, 217). — H. Pope, Legal Aspect of Mo- 
nopoly {Ibid., XX, 167). 

Select Treatises. — Actual Government, §§208, 209, 
212. — E. McClain, Constitutional Law, ch. xv. — E. R. A. 
Seligman, Economics, ch. vii. — J. B. Clark, Control of 
Trusts. — J. W. Jenks, Trust Problem. — E. Freund, Police 
Power. — E. P. Prentice, Federal Power over Carriers and 
Corporations, chs. vi-viii. — J. I. C. Hare, Constitutional 
Law, §§98, 105, 111, 249, 1310. 

Sources. — Contemporaries, IV, § 201. — U. S. Statutes at 
Large, XXIV, 37. — Sherman Anti-Trust Act, U. S. Statutes 
at Large, XXVI, 209. — Senate Documents, 59 Cong., 2 sess., 
No. 226 (Act of June 29, 1906). — Industrial Commission, 
Report, II, XIX. 

Cases. — For a list of cases see Manual, § 162. 

Specimen Questions. — (1) Should a federal corpora- 
tion license be required for doing an interstate commerce 
business? — (2) Should interstate business be prohibited 
to corporations having only a state charter? — (3) Should 
all corporations of every kind l^e required to submit to 
periodical inspection by the federal government? 

§ 223. Paper No. 24. Public Canals. 

Bibliography. — Mfmwa/, §§85, 86, 175, 182, 186, 196. 

— Brookings and Ringwalt, Briefs for Debate, No. 25. 



362 CLASS-ROOM PAPERS [§ 223 

Select Discussions. — J. H. Latane, America as a 
World Power (Am. Nation, XXV), ch. xii. — G. P. Garri- 
son, Westward Extension (Am. Nation, XVII), ch. xviii. — 
T. C. Smith, Parties and Slavery, (Am. Nation, XVIII), 
chs. vi, xviii. — D. R. Dewey, National Problems (Am. 
Nation, XXIV), ch. vii. — E. E. Sparks, National Devel- 
opment (Am. Nation, XXIII), ch. xiii. — W. F. Johnson, 
Four Centuries of the Canal, chs. viii-xii. — T. B. Edgington, 
Monroe Doctrine, ch. xix. — P. S. Reinsch, World Politics, 
parts ii, iii. 

Periodical Articles. — E. R. Johnson, Nicaragua Canal 
and Economic Development (Annals Am. Acad. Pol. Sci., 
VII, 38). — J. A. Fairlie, Economic Effect of Ship Canals 
(Ibid., XI, 54). — L. M. Keasbey, Clayton-Bulwer Treaty 
(Ibid., XIV, 285). 

Select Treatises. — J. B. Moore, Digest, III, §§344, 
363-366. — R. Phillimore, International Law (3d ed.), I, 
304-311. — W. E. Hall, International Law (4th ed.), §§ 107- 
109, 111. — J. B. Henderson, Am. Diplomatic Questions, 
ch. iv. 

Sources. — U. S. Treaties and Conventions (see Index) . — 
Senate and House Executive Documents (see Indexes). — 
Statutes at Large, XXXII, 1903 (Hay-Pauncefote treaty). — 
Statutes at Large, XXXIII, part ii, 2234-2241 (Hay-Varilla 
treaty). 

Specimen Questions. — (1) Should the United States 
take over the Erie Canal? — (2) Should the United States 
construct a coastwise system of ship canals from Maine to 
Georgia? — (3) Should the Panama Canal be run for profit? 

§ 224. Paper No. 25. City Ownership of Traction Lines. 

Bibliography. — Manual, §§ 115, 116, 249, 2^^. — Actual 
Government, § 218. — R. C. Ringwalt, Briefs on Public Ques- 
tions, No. 21. — L. A. Jones, Index to Legal Periodical Liter- 
ature, II, 354, 473. 



§ 224] GOVERNMENT 363 

Select Discussions. — D. F. Wilcox, Am. City, ch. iii. 
— C. Zueblin, Municipal Progress, chs. ii, x. — F. Parsons, 
City for the People, ch. i. — F. C. Howe, City the Hope of 
Democracy, chs. viii, ix. 

Local Systems. — A. H. Sinclair, Toronto Street Railway 
(Quarterly Journal of Economics, VI, 98-105). — J. A. 
Fairlie, Street Railway Question in Chicago (Ibid., XX, 371— 
404). — C. Moore, Municipal Ownership in Detroit (Ibid., 
XIII, 453; XIV, 121). — W. Smart, Glasgow and Muni- 
cipal Industries (Ibid., IX, 188-194). — Albert Shaw, Muni- 
cipal Government in Continental Europe, 79-90, 188, 189, 262, 
263, 325-327, 350-355, 427-429, 459, 460. — National Con- 
ference for Good City Government, Proceedings, 1896, 
pp. 198-225; 1898, pp. 94-100, 220-250; 1899, pp. 162-168, 
207-215; 1900, pp, 1^-198. ^ Municipal Affairs, I, 421- 
457, 605-630; III, 234-263, 473-491; IV, 31-59, 106-181, 
212-221, 4.58-480; V, 419-584. — W. R. Hopkins, Street 
Railway Problem in Cleveland (Am. Econ. Assoc, Economic 
Studies, I, Nos. 5, 6). — M. R. Maltbie, Street Railways of 
Chicago. — W. E. Hotchkiss, Chicago Traction (Annals Am. 
Acad. Pol. Sci., XXVIII, 385-404). 

Select Treatises. — Actual Government, §§227-229. — 
C. D. Wright, Practical Sociology, §§ 58, 79. — E. W. Bemis, 
Municipal Monopolies, ch. vii. — J. A. Fairlie, Municipal 
Administration, ch. xii. — A. H. Sinclair, Municipal Mono- 
polies. 

Additional Treatises. — C. W. Baker, Monopolies and 
the People. — ■ H. C. Adams and others. Modern Municipali- 
ties and Quasi-Public Works (Am. Econ. Assoc, Publica- 
tions, No. 6). 

Sources. — Massachusetts Special Commission on Rela- 
tions with Street Railway Companies, Report, 1898. — H. V. 
and W. H. Poor, Manual of the Railroads of the U. S. (annual 
volume). — Reports on street railway companies, in Massa- 
chusetts Board of Railway Commissioners, Report (annual 



364 CLASS-ROOM PAPERS [§224 

volume). — National Civic Federation, Report of Commission 
on Public Ownership (1907). — Municipal Journal and 
Engineer, passim. — U. S. Census, 1900, Bulletin, No. 3. 

Specimen Questions. — (1) Should Chicago grant fran- 
chises for private lines of any kind on public highways? — 
(2) Should Boston acquire the surface lines and lease them 
to an opposing company? — (3) Should New York permit 
any more subways to be built by private capital? 

§ 225. Paper No. 26. Limitation of Immigration. 

Bibliography. — Manwa/, §§99, 100, 119, 120, 155, 161, 
177, 187, 249, 296. — Actual Government, § 194. — R. C. 
Ringwalt, Briefs on Public Questions, Nos. 5, 6. — A. P. C. 
Griffin, Books on Immigration. — R. C. Ringwalt, Briefs on 
Public Questions, Nos. 5, 6, 28. — C. D. Wright, Practical 
Sociology, §§23, 60. — E. C. Lunt, Key to U. S. Census, 
36, 39. 

Select Discussions. — A. B. Hart, National Ideals (Am. 
Nation, XXVI), ch. iii. — E. E. Sparks, National Develop- 
ment {Am. Nation, XXIII), chs. v, xiv. — J. H. Latane, 
America as a World Power (Am. Nation, XXV), ch. xvii. — 
P. F. Hall, Immigration. — F. A. Walker, Discussions in 
Economics and Statistics, II, 417-454. — J. A. Riis, How the 
Other Half Lives. 

Periodical Articles. — J. H. Noble, Immigration Ques- 
tion (Pol. Sci. Quarterly, VII, 232-243). — E. Schuyler, 
Italian Immigration into the U. S. (Ibid., IV, 480-489). — 
R. P. Faulkner, Immigration Problem (Ibid., XIX, 32-49). — 
F. P. Powers, Occupations of Immigrants (Quarterly Journal 
of Economics, II, 223-228). — H. H. Hart, Immigration and 
Crime (Am. Journal of Sociology, II, 369). — P. F. Hall, 
K. H. Claghorn, F. P. Sargent, in Annals Am. Acad. Pol. 
Sci., XXIV, 151-236. 

Select Treatises. — Actual Government, § 196. — J. R. 
Commons, Races and Immigrants. — W. A, Sutherland, 



§ 226] GOVERNMENT 365 

Notes on the Constitution, 108. — R. Mayo-Smith, Emigra- 
tion and Immigration, chs. xi-xiii. 

Sources. — T. Roosevelt, Annual Message, Dec. 5, 1905 
(in House Docs., 59 Cong., 1 sess., I). — Statute of March 
3, 1903, in U. S. Statutes at Large, XXXII, 1213; see also 
Act of Feb. 20, 1907. — J. A. Riis, Making of an American. 
— F. L. Dingley, European Emigration {U. S. Special Con- 
sular Reports, IV, 211-332, 1891). — Immigration Restriction 
League, Reports, etc. — U. S. Commissioner of Immigration, 
Annual Reports. — H. C. Lodge, J. B. Webber, C. S. Smith, 
W. E. Chandler. H. C. Hansbrough, J. H. Senner, S. G. 
Croswell, 0. F. Hall, in North Am. Revieio, CLII, 27; CLIV, 
424; CLVI, 1, 220; CLVIII, 494; CLXII, 649; CLXIV, 526; 
CLXV, 393. — H. H. Boyesen, G. H. S. Schwab, G. S. Fisher, 
in Forum, III, 533; XIV, 805; XVI, 560. 

Select Cases. — See W. A. Sutherland, Notes on the 
Constitution, 108. — Industrial Commission, Report, XV. 

Specimen Questions. — (1) Should all immigrants be 
excluded who cannot read and write some language? — 
(2) Should the total number of immigrants admitted in 
any one year be limited to 500,000? — (3) Should all 
immigrants from all countries east of Italy, Switzerland and 
Germany be excluded? 

§ 226. No. 27. Status of Consuls. 

Bibliography. — Manual, §§ 121, 122, 251, 297. — Actual 
Government, § 188. — Footnotes to treatises on Inter- 
national Law. — L. A. Jones, Index to Legal Periodical 
Literature, II, 93. 

Select Discussions. — C. L. Jones, Consular Service. — ■ 
W. E. Curtis, U. S. and Foreign Powers, ch. ii. — E. Schuy- 
ler, Am. Diplomacy. — J. A.Garfield, Works, 11,274. — A. 
H. Washburn, Some Evils of our Consular Service (Atlantic 
Monthly, LXXIV, 241-252). 



366 CLASS-ROOM PAPERS [§ 226 

Select Treatises. — Actual Government, § 191. — J. B. 
Moore, Digest, Y, ch. xvi. — J. A. Fairlie, National Ad- 
ministration, ch. vi. — ' J. W. Foster, Practice of Diplomacy, 
ch. xi. 

Additional Treatises. — W. E. Hall, International Law 
(4th ed.), 330-338. — J. N. Pomeroy, International Law, 
443-454. — T. D. Woolsey, International Law (6th ed.), 
§§99, 100. — R. Phillimore, International Law (3d ed.), 
II, 287-325. 

Sources. — Act of April 5, 1906. — Senate Reports, 59 
Cong., 1 sess., No. 112. — House Reports, 59 Cong., 1 sess., 
Nos. 2281, 2681. — U. S. Secretary of State, Annual Re- 
ports, Consular Reports. 

Specimen Questions. — (1) Should non-citizens be ap- 
pointed to any consular office? — (2) Should consulates 
be bestowed only on college graduates? — (3) Should 
consuls be appointed by competitive examination? 

§ 227. Paper No. 28. The Pension System. 

Bibliography. — Mamm/, §§121, 122, 250, 298.— 
Actual Government, § 199. — Brookings and Ringwalt, Briefs 
for Debate, No. 29. 

Select Discussions. — J. A. Fairlie, National Admin- 
istration, 205-208. — W. P. Hovey, Soldier's Rights. — 
E. H. Hall, Indignity to Our Citizen Soldiers. — W. H. 
Glasson, Hist, of Military Pension Legislation (Columbia 
University Studies, XII, No. 3). — E. C. Mason, Veto Power, 
§§71-81. 

Periodical Articles. — W. H. Glasson, National Pen- 
sion System (Annals Am. Acad. Pol. Sci., XIX, 204-226). 

Select Treatises. — Actual Government, § 206. — Curtis 
and Webster, Digest of Pension Laws. — Chitty and Bixler, 
Digest of Pension and Bounty Land Decisions. — W. A. 
Sutherland, Notes on the Constitution, 216, 736. 



§ 228] GOVERNMENT 367 

Sources. — Secretary of Interior, and Pension Commis- 
sioner, Annual Reports, with statistics. — Veto messages in 
J. D. Richardson, Messages (especially in 1885-1889, 1893- 
1897). 

Sp:lect Cases. — Pennie v. Reis (1889), 132 U. S., 464; 
Goodnow, Cases on the Law of Officers, 334. — Conmion- 
wealth V. Walton (1897), 182 Penn. State, 373; Goodnow. 
Cases on the Law of Officers, 339. — In re Mahon (1902), 171 
N. Y., 263; Goodnow, Cases on the Law of Officers, 342. — 
State V. Rogers (1902), 87 Minn., 130; Goodnow, Cases on 
the Law of Officers, 344. — Hubbard v. Ohio, 58 L. R. A., 
654; Goodnow, Cases on the Law of Officers, 348. 

Specimen Questions. — (1) Should pensions be given 
to those whose children can support them? — (2) Should 
wives who have married pensioners after the end of their 
military career be pensioned when they become widows? — 
(3) Should former officers of forty years standing receive 
half pay? 

§ 228. Paper No. 29. Regulation of Liquor Traffic. 

Bibliography. — J/rmua/, §§123, 124, 252, 299.— 
Actual Government, § 244. — Brookings and Ringwalt, Briefs 
for Debate, Nos. 66, 67. — C. D. Wright, Practical Sociology, 
^ 20^. — Municipal Affairs, V, 125, 126. — L. A. Jones, 
Index to Legal Periodical Literature, II, 249, 250, 314, 315. — 
J. Koren, Economic Aspects of the Liquor Problem. 

Select Discussions. — W. E. H. Lecky, Democracy and 
Libert]/, II, 134-167. — J. H. Crooker, Problems in Am. 
Society, No. 3. — T. N. Wilson, Local Option in Norway. 

Periodical Articles. — S. N. Patten, Economic Basis 
of Prohibition (Annals Am. Acad. Pol. Sri., II, 59-68). — 
J. G. Brooks, Gothenburg Plan (Forum, XIV, 514). — C. W. 
Eliot, Study of Am. Liquor Law (Atlantic Monthly, LXXIX, 
177). — B. R. Tillman, Liquor Laws in South Carolina 
(North Am. Review, CLVIII, 140). — C. L. M. Sites, Cen- 



368 CLASS-ROOM PAPERS [§ 228 

tralized Administration of Liquor Laws {Columbia University 
Studies, X, No. 3). 

Select Treatises. — Actual Government, § 247. — E. 
McClain, Constitutional Law, § 91. — T. H. Calvert, Regula- 
tion of Commerce, ch. v. — C. S. Patterson, U. S. Under the 
Constitution, §§ 50, 52, 131. 

Sources. — F. H. Wines and J. Koren, Liquor Problem 
in its Legislative Aspects (Committee of Fifty, Report, No. 1). 

— U. S. Commissioner of Labor, Fifth Special Report, 1893 
(Gothenl)urg system). — U. S. Commissioner of Labor, 
Annual Report, 1898 (economic aspects). — E. L. Fanshawe, 
Liquor Legislation. — J. Koren, Economic Aspects of the 
Liquor Problem; R. Calkins, Substitutes for the Saloon. — 
Wilson Act, U. S. Statutes at Large, XXVI, 313 (Aug. 8, 
1890). 

Select Cases. — Leisy v. Hardin (1889), 135 U. S., 100. 

— Pabst Brewing Co. v. Crenshaw (1900), 198 U. S., 17. 

— Rhodes v. Iowa (1878), 170 U. S., 412. — Vance v. W. A. 
Vandercook Co. (1897), 170 U. S., 438. — Am. Express Co. 
V. Iowa (1904), 196 U. &., 133. 

Specimen Questions. — (1) Would the Gothenburg sys- 
tem apply to American cities? — (2) Does a high license 
diminish drinking? — (3) May a state prohibit the trans- 
portation of liquor? 

§ 229. Paper No. 30. Injunctions against Rioters. 

Bibliography. — ilfariwai, §§123, 124, 299. — Actual 
Government, § 244. — R. C. Ringwalt, Briefs on Public Ques- 
tions, No. 25. — C. D. Wright, Practical Sociology, §§ 150, 
213. — Century Digest, article on Injunction. — L. A. Jones, 
Index to Legal Periodical Literature, II, 232, 233. 

Periodicals. — T. M. Cooley, Lessons of Recent Civil 
Disorders (Forum, XVITI, 1-19). — H. J. Fletcher, The 
Railway War (Atlantic Monthly, LXXIV, 534-541). — C. 
N. Gregory, Government by Injunction (Harvard Law Review^ 



§ 229] GOVERNMENT 369 

XI, 487). — W. D. Lewis, The Debs Case (Ajn. Law Register, 
New Series, XXXIII, 879). — F. J. Stimson, Modem Use of 
Injunction (Pol. Sci. Quarterly, X, 189-202). — W. M. 
Bateman, Injunctions against Labor Unions (Central Law 
Journal, XXXIX, 265). — C. C. Allen, Injunctions against 
Organized Labor (Am. Law Review, XXVIII, 828). — Discus- 
sion in Am. Bar Assoc, Report (1894), 151-326. 

Select Treatises. — E. Baxter, Federal Practice in Con- 
tempt Proceedings. — W. H. Dunbar, Government by Injunc- 
tion (Am. Econ. Assoc, Studies, III, No. 1). — Actual Gov- 
ernment, §110. — H. Von Hoist, Constitutional Law, §11. 

— F. J. Stimson, Handbook to Labor Law. — F. H. Cooke, 
Law of Trade and Labor Combinations. — J. L. High, Law 
of Injunctions. — W. W. Kerr, Law and Practice of Injunc- 
tions. — C. F. Beach, Law of Injunctions. — F. S. Cogley, 
Law of Strikes, Lockouts and Labor Organizations. 

Sources. — Senate Documents, 56 Cong., 2 sess., No. 58. 

— 57 Cong., 1 sess., No. 190. — Bureau of Labor, Bulletin, 
No. 2. — U. S. Commissioner of Labor, Annual Reports. — 
Industrial Commission, Report, IV; Testimony, 7-14, 145- 
147. — U. S. Strike Commission. Report on the Chicago 
Strike. 

Select Cases. — Central Law Journal, XLII, 74. — • Law 
Reports Annotated, XXVIII, 464. — .4m. Law Rev., XXVIII, 
269; XXXI, 761; XXXIII, 879 (Debs). — In re Debs (1894), 
158 U. S., 579. — Jensen v. Cooks' and Waiters' Union 
(1905), 81 Pacific, 1069. — Knudsen v. Benn (1903), 123 
Federal, 636. — Gray v. Bldg. Trades Council (1903), 97 
N. W., 663. — O'Brien v. People (1905), 216 111., 354.— 
Barnes v. Typographical Union, Chicago Legal News, Oct. 21, 
1905. — E. Baxter, Federal Practice in Contempt Proceedings. 

Specimen Questions. — (1) Should courts apply the 
principle of injunction to capitalists who seem about to 
break the laws? — (2) Can the courts inflict a greater 
penalty on a person for an offence contrary to an injunc- 



370 CLASS-ROOM PAPERS [§229 

tion than for the same offence committed by a person who 
has not been enjoined? — (3) Can a court enjoin against 
forgery? 

§ 230. Six Class-room Papers in American Government 
(Course F). 

For general discussion of class-room papers and for the 
relation of the six papers to the corresponding lectures, see 
Manual, §§7, 127-133. 

Paper No. 1. Theory of Religious Liberty {Manual, 
§202). 

Paper No. 2. Efficiency op the Referendum {Man- 
ual, §205). 

Paper No. 3. Defects of the Committee System 
{Manual, § 214). 

Paper No. 4. Dependencies {Manual, § 163, cf. §§ 218, 
219). 

Paper No. 5. Public Canals {Manual, § 223, cf. §§ 143, 
161). 

Paper No. 6. Regulation of the Liquor Traffic 
{Manual, § 228, cf. §§ 123, 124, 252, 299). 



Part IY 
LIBRARY REPORTS 

§ 231. Purpose of the Library Reports. 

In assigning library written work the instructor should 
have in mind the following criteria: — 

(1) The subjects should all be different so that no two 
students will have the same problem, — assigning work to 
pairs of students has some advantages, but is apt to result 
in one member of the pair doing most of the work. 

(2) The subject should be minute in scope so that it 
may be possible in a reasonable time to examine all, or nearly 
all, the material that bears upon it. 

(3) The subjects ought to be specific; that is, either the 
examination of a debatable question, upon which the 
student is expected to come to a decision, and to state his 
grounds for it; or the collection of data which will illustrate 
some circumscribed question. An instance of the first kind 
is: "Is a joint resolution different from an act of Congress?" 
An example of the second case is: "Instances of taxation 
of ecclesiastical property." 

(4) The result ought to be condensed into rather brief 
compass, say from ten to twenty pages at most, and should 
take the form rather of a brief with references and discus- 
sion than of a thesis in literary dress. 

(5) The results should be put into an analytic classified 
shape, separating topics logically, and treating each part 
separately. 

§ 232. Preparation of Library Reports. 

For the convenience of the instructor in handling the 
reports, and for the training of students in methodical 



372 LIBRARY REPORTS [§232 

habits of work, and in order to accustom them to arrange 
their material for others' use, the following general direc- 
tions will be found important. Students will be held re- 
sponsible for following them out carefully. Particular 
directions and suggestions for each report will be found 
below. 

Assignment. So far as possible, the preference of the 
student for a particular line of investigation will be con- 
sulted; for this purpose students are required when they 
enter any of the courses to fill out a blank form with an 
account of their previous study and a list of preferred 
topics. Any student may take up a new subject, by the 
consent of the assistant or instructor, record to be made 
of every such change. 

Conference. All students are required to report to the 
assistant at least three times during the progress of their 
work. 

(1 )When they begin work upon their topic, so as to be 
sure that they understand what is expected of them. 

(2) At least once during the progress of their work, so 
that the assistant may know that they are on a right road. 

(3) In order to submit their notes or completed report 
for the assistant's approval before handing in the report. 

These requirements are absolute; no report will he credited 
to a student unless it bear the assistant's minute of three 
conferences. 

Assistance. It is a principle of the whole work that the 
actual search for the books must be done by students them- 
selves. No other assistance or guidance will be expected in 
this exercise except from the instructor and regularly 
appointed assistant. Whenever, after a faithful attempt, 
students are not able to bring to light sufficient information 
on their subject, or meet contradictions or difficulties which 
they do not know how to exfMain, they are to apply to the 
assistant. The library officials should not be asked to 



§ 233] METHODS 373 

furnish material, or to show students how to use catalogues 
and other materials; the assistant will cheerfully give such 
aid to those who need it. It is not desired that a student 
should be discouraged at the outset for want of guidance; 
nor that he should avoid the lesson which the exercise is 
meant to teach — the independent use of books and aids. 

§ 233. Desirable Form for the Library Reports. 

Methods. As one of the principal objects of the special 
report work is to train students in acquiring information on 
any subject, with the greatest economy of time and the 
greatest clearness of result, every student is urged to think 
out a method for himself. A very convenient way is to 
take notes on loose sheets, each piece of paper being devoted 
to some branch of the general subject; the information 
gained from different books is thus assembled in a classified 
form, and when the sheets are arranged, the material for 
the condensed report is brought together in logical order. 
In all cases, exact references to volume and page must support 
all important statements; in giving authorities the author's 
name should precede the title of the book. No reports will 
be accepted in which references are lacking or indefinite. 
Except in the bibliographical report (Manual, § 235) every 
reference must be to a book or passage which the student 
has seen himself; and if there are serious discrepancies 
between authorities, they should be pointed out. The 
effort will be made to assign only topics on which there is 
positive information; but if a diligent search in the proper 
books brings little to light, the work will be as readily 
accepted as though more had been found. 

Form of the Report. All the reports are to be turned 
in on the uniform sheets with printed headings, on which 
topics are handed out. Do not fold the papers. The 
amount of time spent should be noted. Dates should be 
entered in the narrow outside column; subject matter only 



374 LIBRARY REPORTS [§ 233 

in the broad middle column; references in the inner column, 
next to the folding in the sheet. On the back of the page 
the text should still come into the middle column. Addi- 
tional sheets should be of the same size and ruling, and 
should be attached by mucilage or sewing, not by fasteners or 
pins. Since one of the objects of the exercise is to teach 
conciseness, the length of the report should be kept within 
limits. 

Arrangement. The matter should be logically arranged, 
point by point, the heads indicated by catch-words in the 
date column, or by underlining. Students are warned 
against trying to write theses instead of brief reports. 
Special notice will be taken of neatness of arrangement, pre- 
cision of the references, and uniformity of abbreviations 
and classification in different parts of the same piece. Where- 
ever the subject admits of such a method, students should 
analyze and classify their results, so as to show the subor- 
dination of the topic and the progress of the thought. On 
application to the assistant the searcher may see a former 
report on a similar subject, which will show him how others 
have done their work. 

The Return of the Report. Twenty hours of faithful 
work in each report is about the minimum; if no satisfac- 
tory result is then reached, the notes may be shown the 
assistant and his approval asked, or a new subject tried. 
In any case credit cannot be given for reports unless handed 
in to the assistant on the day appointed, unless they bear 
the stamp of the Recorder of the college. 

§ 234. Materials for Historical and Constitutional Reports 
(Courses A and B). 

Authorities. Abundant information as to bibliog- 
raphies and other aids may be found in other parts of the 
Manual, §§8, 11-24; in Channing and Hart, Guide, passim; 
and in The American Nation, critical essays, at the end of each 



§ 235] BIOGRAPHICAL 375 

volume. Students will also be held responsible for such 
information as may be had from the available collection in 
their school or college libraries; in neighboring public lib- 
raries; in the available library catalogues, periodical in- 
dexes, and like material; but the results must be based on 
material actually seen, except in the Bibliographical Reports 
{Manual, §§231-237). 

§ 235. Special Materials for Bibliographical Library Reports. 

Object. The first report is intended to teach students 
how to find books and articles, how to cite references, and 
how to arrange results. 

Scope. To each student is assigned some person con- 
nected with the history of the United States. The report 
is to be a list of the printed books, pamphlets, and magazine 
articles bearing on that person, with a very brief statement 
of th6 public services which make him worthy of remem- 
brance. No list of works by the person is desired. 

Authorities. Students will be held responsible for all 
titles which can be obtained through the following authori- 
ties: 

(a) The bibliographical aids used in the course, especially 
Manual, §§ 17, 27, 28, 64; Guide, §§ 16, 20, 25, 32, 33, 34. 

(b) The card and printed catalogues of available libraries. 

(c) Encyclopaedias and biographical dictionaries available. 

(d) Bibliographical helps and library catalogues, includ- 
ing F. Leypoldt, American Catalogue. — American Nation, 
critical essays at end of each volume. — J. Larned, Litera- 
ture of American Hist. 

(e) Indexes to periodicals, especially W. F. Poole, Index 
to Periodicals, and Supplements. — W. I. Fletcher, A.L.A., 
Index. — L. A. Jones, Index to Legal Periodicals (2 vols). 

(/) Bibliographies of books relating to the person under 
investigation, in biographies, encyclopaedias, biographical 
dictionaries, or histories. 



376 LIBRARY REPORTS [§235 

(g) Accounts in collections of biographies, so far as con- 
veniently accessible. 

(h) Accounts reached through the footnotes to detailed 
biographies or histories. 

Selection. Only those books are to be enumerated in 
which the whole, or a distinct part, — as a chapter, section 
or article, however short, — is devoted to the person. Thus, 
under Washington, it will not be necessary to enter scattered 
references from books primarily on the Revolution, or on 
the United States, or on Virginia; but titles ought to be 
found in a collection of Lives of the Presidents, or of Great 
American Generals, or Essaijs on Members of the Federal 
Convention. Hence it is necessary to know what public 
station the person has filled. Since, however, in many 
cases the books, articles, and sections devoted wholly to 
one man are very few, the student who has only a scanty 
list, after exhausting the bibliographical aids may then 
add extracts from general histories and biographies, not less 
than one page in length, wholly given up to the man. 

Methods. The most convenient method is to go through 
the bibliographical aids, setting down each promising title 
on a slip or card, and keeping them arranged alphabetically; 
then to arrange in some logical order and write them out 
consecutively. Students are not expected to call for a long 
list of books from the Library simply to verify titles. 

Verification. Students are expected to verify for 
themselves the titles of all books accessible in the libra- 
ries, and to insert the library number of all books. The 
precise form of the title of books, if published before 1870, 
may usually be found for authors from A to S in J. Sabin, 
Dictionary of Rooks relating to America; if in print in 1876 
or since that time, in F. Leypoldt, American Catalogue and 
J. N. Larned, Literature of American Hist. 

Form of Report. Titles should be arranged in each 
section alphabetically by authors. References and abbre- 



§ 236] 



BIOGRAPHICAL 



377 



viations should be punctuated systematically. In order 
that the title be sufficiently full to identify the book, the 
place of publication and date should always be given, and 
the number of pages and size of the book, where those par- 
ticulars are found. All references to parts of books must 
show the precise volume and page. 

In making up the assignments the most distinguished 
men often have to be omitted, because experience shows 
that the material is so large that a disproportionate amount 
of work must be spent upon them. On the other hand, it 
is important to choose persons who are not so insignificant 
that little has been written about them. 



§ 236. Alphabetical List of Public Men. 

About five hundred and ten names appear in the list in 
this section. Of these most were famous in the Revolu- 
tionary and later history of the United States; a few in the 
period of discovery or in the colonial period. After each 
name appears the person's highest office or most character- 
istic calling:. 



Lyman Abbott (Clergyman and 

Author, N. Y.) 
Charles Francis Adams, Sr. (Dip- 
lomat, Mass.) 
Charles Francis Adams, Jr. (R. R. 

Pres., Author, Mass.) 
John Adams (Pros., Mass.) 
John Quincy Adams (Pres., Mass.) 
Samuel Adams (Statesman, Mass.) 
Nelson W. Aldrich (Sen., R. I.) 
Russell A. Alger (Sec. War, Mich.) 
Ethan Allen (Soldier, Vt.) 
WiUiam B. Allison (Sen., Iowa) 
Adelbert Ames (Gov., Miss.) 
Fisher Ames (Repr., Mass.) 



Oliver Ames (Gov., Mass.) 
Robert Anderson (Soldier, Ky.) 
John Andre (Soldier, England) 
John A. Andrew (Gov., Mass.) 
Edmund Andros (Royal Gov., 

Mass.) 
H. B. Anthony (Sen., R. I.) 
Nathan Appleton (Merchant, 

Mass.) 
John Armstrong (Envoy and Sec. 

War, N. Y.) 
Benedict Arnold (Soldier, N. Y.) 
Chester A. Arthur (Pres., N. Y.) 
John J. Astor (Merchant, N. Y.) 
Edward Atkinson (Critic, Mass.) 
Stephen Austin (Colonist, Texas) 



378 



LIBRARY REPORTS 



[§236 



B 

George Bancroft (Historian, Mass.) 
N. P. Banks (Speaker, Mass.) 
James Barbour (Sec. War, Va.) 
Joel Barlow (Poet, Conn.) 
Clara Barton (Philanthropist, 

Mass.) 
James A. Bayard (Sen., Del.) 
Thomas F. Bayard (Sec. State 

Del.) 
Henry Ward Beecher (Clergyman, 

N. Y.) 
Alexander Graham Bell (Inven- 
tor, Mass.) 
John Bell (Sen., Tenn.) 
Judah P. Benjamin (Sen., La.) 
Thomas H. Benton (Sen., Mo.) 
Nicholas Biddle (Pres. U. S. 

Bank, Pa.) 
James G. Bimey (Philanthropist, 

Ala.) 
James G. Blaine (Speaker, Sen., 

Sec. State, Me.) 
Francis P. Blair (Soldier, Mo.) 
Montgomery Blair (P. M. Gen., 

Mo.) 
Richard P. Bland (Repr., Mo.) 
Charles J. Bonaparte (Atty-Gen., 

Md.) 
Daniel Boone (Pioneer, Ky.) 
George S. Boutwell (Gov., Mass.) 
Linn Boyd (Speaker, Ky.) 
William Bradford (Gov., Ply- 
mouth, Mass.) 
John Breckenridge (Sen., Ky.) 
John C. Breckinridge (Sen., Vice- 

Pres., Ky.) 
John Bright (Statesman, England) 
Benjamin N. Bristow (Sec. Treas., 

Ky.) 
David C. Broderick (Sen., Cal.) 
Phillips Brooks (Clergyman, Mass.) 



Preston S. Brooks (Repr., S. C.) 
B. Gratz Brown (Sen., Mo.) 
Jacob Brown (Soldier, N. Y.) 
John Brown (Abolitionist, N. Y.) 
Blanche K. Bruce (Sen., Miss.) 
William J. Bryan (Statesman, 

Neb.) 
William Cullen Bryant (Poet, 

Editor, N. Y.) 
James Buchanan (Pres., Pa.) 
Simon B. Buckner (Soldier, Ky.) 
Anson Burlingame (Repr., Diplo- 
mat, Mass.) 

A. E. Burnside (Soldier, R. L) 
Aaron Burr (Vice-Pres., N. Y.) 

B. F. Butler (Repr., Soldier, Gov., 

Mass.) 
B. F. Butler (Atty-Genl, N. Y.) 
Pierce Butler (Sen., S. C.) 



George Cabot (Sen., Mass.) 
John Cabot (Navigator, Eng- 
land) 
Sebastian Cabot (Navigator, 

England) 
John C. Calhoun (Sen., S. C.) 
Simon Cameron (Sen., Pa.) 
George W. Campbell (Sen., Tenn.) 
James Campbell (P. M. Gen'l, 

Pa.) 
John G. Carlisle (Sec. Treas., Ky.) 
Andrew Carnegie (Manuf. and 

Author, Pa.) 
Charles Carroll (Signer, Md.) 
Lewis Cass (Statesman, Mich.) 
WiUiam E. Chandler (Sen., N. H.) 
Zachariah Chandler (Sen., Mich.) 
William EUery Channing (Clergy- 
man, R. I.) 
Salmon P. Chase (Sen., Gov., 
Sec. Treas., Chief Justice, Ohio) 



§2361 



BIOGRAPHICAL 



379 



Samuel Chase (Judge, Md.) 
Langdon Cheves (Speaker, S. C.) 
L. E.Chittenden(Reg.Treas.,N.Y.) 
Joseph H. Choate (Diplomat, 

N. Y.) 
Rufus Choate (Jurist, Mass.) 
Wilham C. C. Claiborne (Gov., La.) 
George Rogers Clark (Explorer, 

Va.) 
Cassius M. Clay (Diplomat, Ky.) 
Clement C. Clay (Sen., Ala.) 
Henry Clay (Sen., Sec. State, Ky.) 
John M. Clayton (Sec. State, Del.) 
Grover Cleveland (Pres., N. Y.) 
DeWitt Clinton (Sen., Gov., N. Y.) 
George Clinton (Vice-Pres., N. Y.) 
Howell Cobb (Sec. Treas., Ga.) 
William F. Cody (Scout, Iowa) 
Cadwallader Colden (Gov., N. Y.) 
Bird S. Coler (Comptroller, N. Y.) 
Schuyler Colfax (Vice-Pres., Ind.) 
Christopher Columbus (Discov- 
erer, Spain) 
E. H. Conger (Diplomat, Iowa) 
Roscoe Conkling (Sen., N. Y.) 
James Fenimore Cooper (Author, 

N. Y.) 
Peter Cooper (Merchant and Phil- 
anthropist, N. Y.) 
George B. Cortelyou (Sec. Treas., 

N. Y.) 
ThomasCorwin (Repr., DipL.Ohio) 
Jacob D. Cox (Sec. Int., Ohio) 
S. S. Cox (Repr., N. Y.) 
Matthew Cradock (First Gov., 

Mass. Bay Co.) 
Prudence Crandall (Philanthro- 
pist, Conn.) 
George W. Crawford (Sec. War, 

Ga.) 
William H. Crawford (Sec. Treas., 
Ga.) 



Charles F. Crisp (Speaker, Ga.) 
John J. Crittenden (Sen., Ky.) 
Thomas L. Crittenden (Soldier, 

Ky.) 
Richard Croker (Politician, N. Y.) 
Andrew G. Curtin (Gov., Pa.) 
Caleb Gushing (Diplomat, Mass.) 
George A. Custer (Soldier, Ohio) 
Manasseh Cutler (Clergyman and 

Pioneer, Conn.) 

D 

Alexander J. Dallas (Sec. Treas., 

Pa.) 
George M. Dallas (Vice-Pres., Pa.) 
R. H. Dana, Jr. (Author, Mass.) 
Cusliman K. Davis (Sen., Minn.) 
Jefferson Davis (Pres., C. S. A., 

Miss.) 
John Davis (Sen., Mass.) 
John W. Davis (Speaker, Ind.) 
William R. Day (Sec. State, Ohio) 
Jonathan Dayton (Speaker, N. J.) 
W. L. Dayton (Sen., N. J.) 
Silas Deane (Diplomat, Conn.) 
Henry Dearbon (Sec. War, Mass.) 
William Dennison (Gov., Ohio) 
Chauncey M. Depew (Sen., N. Y.) 
George Dewey (Admiral, Vt.) 
Samuel Dexter (Sec. War, Mass.) 
John Dickinson (Statesman, Del.) 
Nelson Dingley, Jr. (Repr., Me.) 
Dorothea Dix (Philanthropist, 

Mass.) 
John A. Dix (Soldier, N. Y.) 
Thomas W. Dorr (Gov., R. I.) 
Fred Douglass (Agitator, Md.) 
Stephen A. Douglas (Sen., 111.) 
Neal Dow (Prohibitionist, Me.) 
Sir Francis Drake (Navigator, 

England) 
William J. Duane (Sec. Treas., Pa.) 



380 



LIBRARY REPORTS 



[§236 



Joseph Dudley (Gov., Mass.) 
William Dummer (Lieut. Gov., 

Mass.) 
Timothy Dwight (Educator, 

Conn.) 

E 

John H. Eaton (Sec. War, Tenn.) 
George F. Edmunds (Sen., Vt.) 
Jonathan Edwards (Clergyman, 

Mass.) 
Charles W. Eliot (College Pres., 

Mass.) 
Stephen B. Elkins (Sec. War, 

West Va.) 
William Ellery (Statesman, R. I.) 
Oliver Ellsworth (Sen., Chief Jus- 
tice, Conn.) 
Ralph Waldo Emerson (Seer, 

Mass.) 
John Endicott (Gov., Mass.) 
W. H. Enghsh (Statesman, Ind.) 
John W. Eppes (Sen., Va.) 
John Ericsson (Inventor, N. Y.) 
George Eustis (Jurist, La.) 
Robley D. Evans (Admiral, Va.) 
William M. Evarts (Sec. State, 

N. Y.) 
Edward Everett (Orator, Mass.) 
Thomas Ewing (Sec. Treas., Ohio) 



Lucius Fairchild (Gov., Diplo- 
mat, Wis.) 
David G. Farragut (Admiral, 

Tenn.) 
Reuben E. Fenton (Sen., N. Y.) 
William P. Fessenden (Sec. Treas., 

Me.) 
Cyrus W. Field (Capitalist, N. Y.) 
Millard Fillmore (Pres., N. Y.) 
Hamilton Fish (Sec. State, N. Y.) 



John Fiske (Author, Mass.) 
John B. Floyd (Sec. War, Va.) 
Charles J. Folger (Sec. Treas., 

N. Y.) 
Joseph B. Foraker (Sen., Ohio) 
John Forsyth (Sec. State, Ga.) 
Benjamin Franklin (Allrounder, 

Pa.) 
John C. Fremont (Soldier, Cal.) 
Philip Freneau (Poet, N. Y.) 
William P. Frye (Sen., Me.) 
Robert Fulton (Inventor, Pa.) 
Melville W. Fuller (Chief Justice, 

111.) 

G 

Albert Gallatin (Sec. Treas., Pa.) 
James A. Garfield (Pres., Ohio) 
James R. Garfield (Sec. Interior, 

Ohio) 
William Lloyd Garrison (Philan- 
thropist, Mass.) 
Henry George (Author, N. Y.) 
Elbridge Gerry (Vice-Pres., Mass.) 
Joshua R. Giddings (Repr., Ohio) 
Stephen Girard (Philanthropist, 

Pa.) 
Arthur P. Gorman (Sen., Md.) 
Joseph Graham (Soldier, N. C.) 
William A. Graham (Sen., N. C.) 
Gideon Granger (P. M. Gen., 

N. Y.) 
U. S. Grant (Pres., 111.) 
Horace Greeley (Journalist and 

Author, N. Y.) 
A. W. Greely (Arctic Explorer, 

Mass.) 
Nathanael Greene (Soldier, R. I.) 
David McM. Gregg (Soldier, Pa.) 
W. Q. Gresham (Sec. State, Ind.) 
Robert C. Grier (Judge, Pa.) 
Felix Grundy (Sen., Tenn.) 



236] 



BIOGRAPHICAL 



381 



H 

John P. Hale (Sen., N. H.) 
Nathan Hale (Soldier, Conn.) 
Alexander Hamilton (Sec. Treas., 

N. Y.) 
Hannibal Hamlin (Vice-Pres., 

Me.) 
Wade Hampton (Gov., Sen., 

S. C.) 
John Hancock (Statesman, Mass.) 
W. S. Hancock (Soldier, N. Y.) 
Marcus A. Hanna (Sen., Ohio) 
Robert G. Harper (Sen., Md.) 
Benjamin Harrison (Pres., Ind.) 
William H. Harrison (Pres., 

Ind.) 
Sir John Hawkins (Navigator, 

England) 
John Hay (Diplomat, Ind.) 
R. B. Hayes (Pres., Ohio) 
Robert Y. Hayne (Sen., S. C.) 
Thomas P. Hendricks (Vice-Pres., 

Ind.) 
Patrick Henry (Statesman, Va.) 
Richard Hildreth (Historian, 

Mass.) 
David B. Hill (Sen., N. Y.) 
Isaac Hill (Politician, N. H.) 
Ethan A. Hitchcock (Sec. Interior, 

Mo.) 
George F. Hoar (Sen., Mass.) 
O. W. Holmes (Author, Mass.) 
Joseph Hooker (Soldier, Mass.) 
Stephen Hopkins (Signer, R. I.) 
Francis Hopkinson (Author, 

Pa.) 
Samuel Houston (Sen., Texas) 
Charles E. Hughes (Gov., N. Y.) 
Isaac Hull (Naval officer. Conn.) 
William Hull (Soldier, Conn.) 
Robert M. T. Hunter (Sen., Va.) 
Thomas Hutchinson (Gov., Mass.) 



Jared IngersoU (Statesman, Pa.) 
Robert G. IngersoU (Orator and 

Lawyer, N. Y.) 
Washington Irving (Author, 
N. Y.) 



Andrew Jackson (Pres., Tenn.) 
Thomas J. Jackson (Soldier, Va.) 
John Jay (Chief Justice, N. Y.) 
William Jay (Philanthropist, 

N. Y.) 
Thomas Jefferson (Pres., Va.) 
William Travers Jerome (Re- 
former, N. Y.) 
Andrew Johnson (Pres., Tenn.) 
Herschel V. Johnson (Sen., Ga.) 
Reverdy Johnson (Sen., Md.) 
Richard M. Johnson (Vice-Pres., 

Ky.) 
Sir William Johnson (Frontiers- 
man, N. Y.) 
William S. Johnson (Scholar, 

Conn.) 
Albert S. Johnston (Soldier, Ky.) 
Joseph E. Johnston (Soldier, 

Va.) 
John Paul Jones (Naval officer, 

Va.) 
George W. Julian (Repr., Ind.) 



K 

John Kelly (Politician, N. Y.) 
Frances Anne Kemble (Actress, 

Mass.) 
James Kent (Jurist, N. Y.) 
Michael C. Kerr (Speaker, Ind.) 
John H. lung (Soldier, Mich.) 
Rufus King (Sen., N. Y.) 
Henry Knox (Sec. War, Mass.) 



382 



LIBRARY REPORTS 



[§236 



Marquis de Lafayette (Soldier, 

France) 
L. Q. C. Lamar (Sec. Int., Miss.) 
James Lane (Leader Free State 

Party, Kan.) 
Henry Laurens (Statesman, S. C.) 
Charles Lee (Soldier, Va.) 
R. H. Lee (Statesman, Va.) 
Robert E. Lee (Soldier, Va.) 
Meriwether Lewis (Explorer, 

Tenn.) 
Abraham Lincoln (American, 111.) 
Benjamin Lincoln (Gov., Mass.) 
Levi Lincoln (Gov., Mass.) 
Robert T. Lincoln (Diplomat, 

111.) 
Mary A. Livermore (Agitator, 

Mass.) 
Edward Livingston (Sec. State, 

N. Y.) 
Robert R. Livingston (Diplomat, 

N. Y.) 
H. C. Lodge (Sen., Mass.) 
John A. Logan (Soldier, 111.) 
John D. Long (Sec. Navy, Mass.) 
H. W. Longfellow (Poet, Mass.) 
J.ames Longstreet (Soldier, S. C.) 
Scth Low (Mayor, N. Y.) 
J. R. Lowell (Poet, Envoy, Mass.) 
Wilson Lmnpkin (Sen., Ga.) 

M 

S. C. McCall (Repr., Mass.) 
G. B. McClellan (Soldier, N. J.) 
Hugh McCulloch (Sec. Treas., 

Ind.) 
Thomas Macdonough (Naval offi- 
cer, Del.) 
Irvin McDowell (Soldier, Ohio) 
George McDuffie (Sen., S. C.) 
James McHenry (Sec. War, Md.) 



Thomas McKean (Statesman, Pa.) 
William McKinley (Pres., Ohio) 
Louis McLane (Sec. State, Del.) 
Robert M. McLane (Diplomat, 

Del.) 
John McLean (P. M. Gen., Ohio) 
WiUiam H. Macomb (Naval offi- 
cer, Mich.) 
Nathaniel Macon (Speaker, N. C.) 
James B. McPherson (Soldier, 

Ohio) 
James Madison (Pres., Va.) 
Willie P. Mangum (Sen., N. C.) 
Horace Mann (Educator, Mass.) 
Daniel Manning (Sec. Treas., 

N. Y.) 
William L. Marcy (Sec. State, 

N. Y.) 
George P. Marsh (Diplomat, Vt.) 
John Marshall (Chief Justice, Va.) 
Luther Martin (Atty-Gen'l, Md.) 
George Mason (Statesman, Va.) 
James M. Mason (Sen., Va.) 
Jeremiah Mason (Financier, 

N. H.) 
Cotton Mather (Clergyman and 

Author, Mass.) 
Increase Mather (Clergyman and 

Author, Mass.) 
Samuel J. May (Abolitionist, 

N. Y.) 
George G. Meade (Soldier, Pa.) 
Montgomery C. Meigs (Soldier, 

Ohio) 
Return J. Meigs, Jr. (P. M. Gen., 

Ohio) 
Victor H. Metcalf (Sec. Navy, 

Cal.) 
George vonL. Meyer (P. M. Gen., 

Mass.) 
Thomas Mifflin (Gov., Pa.) 
Nelson A. Miles (Soldier, Mass.) 



§236] 



BIOGRAPHICAL 



383 



Roger Q. Mills (Sen., Texas) 

O. McK. Mitchell (Soldier and 

Astronomer, Ky.) 
James Monroe (Pres., Va.) 
William H. Moody (Atty. Gen., 

Mass.) 
Edwin D. Morgan (Sen., N. Y.) 
John H. Morgan (Soldier, Ky.) 
J. Pierpont Morgan (Financier, 

N. Y.) 
Justin Morrill (Sen., Vt.) 
Gouvemeur Morris (Statesman, 

N. Y.) 
Robert Morris (Financier, Pa.) 
S. F. B. Morse (Inventor, N. Y.) 
Levi P. Morton (Vice-Pres., N. Y.) 
Oliver P. Morton (Sen., Ind.) 
John S. Mosby (Confederate Sol- 
dier, Va.) 
Fred A. Muhlenberg (Speaker, Pa.) 
John P. G. Muhlenberg (Repr., 
Pa.) 

o 

James Oglethorpe (Philanthropist, 

Ga.) 
Richard Olney (Sec. State, Mass.) 
John Boyle O'Reilly (Author, 

Mass.) 
James L. Orr (Speaker, S. C.) 
Harrison G. Otis (Sen., Mass.) 
James Otis (Statesman, Mass.) 



Thomas Paine (Author, Pa.) 
Charles H. Parkhurst (Clergy- 
man, N. Y.) 
Francis Parkman (Historian, 

Mass.) 
Theophilus Parsons (Jurist, Mass.) 
William Paterson (Statesman, 
N.J.) 



William Penn (Statesman, Pa.) 
William Pennington (Speaker, 

N. J.) 
Matthew C. Perry (Naval officer, 

R. I.) 
Oliver H. Perry (Naval officer, 

R. I.) 
James L. Petigru (Statesman, 

S. C.) 
Richard F. Pettigrew (Sen., So. 

Dak.) 
E. J. Phelps (Diplomat, Vt.) 
Wendell Phillips (Orator, Mass.) 
Sir William Phips (Gov., Mass.) 
Francis W. Pickens (Sen., S. C.) 
Timothy Pickering (Sen., Mass.) 
Franklin Pierce (Pres., N. H.) 
Ciideon J. Pillow (Soldier, Temi.) 
John S. Pillsbury (Gov., Minn.) 
Charles Pinckney (Sen., S. C.) 
C. C. Pinckney (Diplomat, S. C.) 
Thomas Pinckney (Diplomat, 

S. C.) 
William Pinkney (Sen., Md.) 
Edgar A. Poe (Author, Va.) 
J. R. Poinsett (Diplomat, S. C.) 
James K. Polk (Pres., Tenn.) 
John Pope (Soldier, 111.) 
David Porter (Naval officer, Mass.) 
David D. Porter (Admiral, Pa.) 
James M. Porter (Sec. War, Pa.) 
Edward Preble (Naval officer. Me.) 
Israel Putnam (Soldier, Conn.) 
Rufus Putnam (Soldier, Mass.) 

Q 

Matthew Quay (Sen., Pa.) 

Josiah Quincy (elder) (Pres. Har- 
vard, Mass.) 

Josiah Quincy (younger) (Mayor, 
Boston, Maes.) 

John H. Quitman (Gov., Miss.) 



384 



LIBRARY REPORTS 



[§236 



R 

Sir Walter Ralegh (Navigator, 

England) 
Samuel J. Randall (Speaker, Pa.) 
Edmund Randolph (Sec. State, 

Va.) 
John Randolph (Repr., Va.) 
Peyton Randolph (Statesman, Va.) 
Robert Rantoul (Sen., Mass.) 
John A. Reagan (Sen., Texas) 
Joseph Reed (Gov., Pa.) 
Thomas B. Reed (Speaker, Me.) 
Whitelaw Reid (Journalist and 

Diplomat, Ohio) 
Paul Revere (Patriot, Mass.) 
A. G. Riddle (Repr., Ohio) 
Charles Robinson (Gov., Kan.) 
John Rodgers (Naval officer, Md.) 
Csesar Rodney (Statesman, Del.) 
Daniel Rodney (Jurist, Del.) 
Theodore Roosevelt (Pres., N. Y.) 
Elihu Root (Sec. State, N. Y.) 
William S. Rosecrans (Soldier, 

Oliio) 
Benjamin Rush (Statesman, Pa.) 
William E. Russell (Gov., Mass.) 
Edward Rutledge (Gov., S. C.) 
John Rutledge (Statesman, S. C.) 

S 
Arthur St. Clair (Soldier, Pa.) 
Gurdon Saltonstall (Gov., Conn.) 
William T. Sampson (Admiral, 

N. Y.) 
Minot J. Savage (Clergyman, 

N. Y.) 
Alexander Scammell (Soldier, 

N. H.) 
W. S. Schley (Admiral, Md.) 
Carl Schurz (Sec. Int., N. Y.) 
Philip Schuyler (Soldier, N. Y.) 
Dred Scott (Slave, Mo.) 



Winfield Scott (Soldier, Va.) 
Theodore Sedgwick (Sen., Mass.) 
Samuel Sewall (Judge, Mass.) 
William H. Seward (Sec. State, 

N. Y.) 
Horatio Seymour (Gov., N. Y.) 
Leslie M. Shaw (Sec. Treas., Iowa) 
Robert G. Shaw (Soldier, Mass.) 
Daniel Shays (Soldier, Mass.) 
P. H. Sheridan (Soldier, Ohio) 
John Sherman (Sec. State, Ohio) 
Roger Sherman (Sen., Conn.) 
W. T. Sherman (Soldier, Ohio) 
John Slidell (Sen., La.) 
Gerritt Smith (Philanthropist, 

N. Y.) 
Joseph Smith (Mormon, Mo.) 
Robert Smith (Sec. State, Md.) 
Jared Sparks (Historian, Mass.) 
John C. Spencer (Sec. War, N. Y.) 
J. C. Spooner (Sen., Wis.) 
Leland Stanford (CapitaUst, Cal.) 
Ed\vin M. Stanton (Sec. War, 

Pa.) 
Alexander H. Stephens (Vice- 

Pres., C. S. A., Ga.) 
Thaddeus Stevens (Repr., Pa.) 
Adlai E. Stevenson (Vice-Pres., 

111.) 
Andrew Stevenson (Diplomat, Va.) 
Charles Stewart (Naval officer, 

N.J.) 
Richard Stockton (Statesman, 

N.J.) 
Robert F. Stockton (Naval offi- 
cer, N. J.) 
Joseph Story (Jurist, Mass.) 
Oscar S. Straus (Sec. Commerce, 

N. Y.) 
Caleb Strong (Gov., Mass.) 
James Sullivan (Gov., Mass.) 
Charles Sumner (Sen., Mass.) 



236], 



BIOGRAPHICAL 



385 



T 

William H. Taft (Sec. of War, 

Ohio) 
Roger B. Taney (Chief Justice, 

Md.) 
Hannis Taylor (Diplomat and 

Author, Ala.) 
John W. Taylor (Speaker, N. Y.) 
Zachary Taylor (Pres., Va.) 
George H. Thomas (Soldier, Va.) 
Allan G. Thumian (Sen., Ohio) 
Samuel J. Tilden (Gov., N. Y.) 
Benjamin R. Tilhnan (Sen., S.C.) 
Daniel Tompkins (Vice-Pres., 

N. Y.) 
Robert Toombs (Sen., Ga.) 
Benjamin F. Tracy (Sec. Navy, 

N. Y.) 
George Troup (Gov., Ga.) 
Jonathan Trmnbull (Gov., Conn.) 
James Turner (Sen., N. C.) 
WiUiam M. Tweed (Politician, 

N. Y.) 
John Tyler (Pres., Va.) 

U 

Abel P. Upshur (Sec. State, Va.) 



Clement C. Vallandigham (Repr., 

Ohio) 
Martin Van Buren (Pres., N. Y.) 
Stephen Van Rensselaer (Repr., 

N. Y.) 
Joseph B. Vamum (Speaker, 

Mass.) 

W 

Benjamin F. Wade (Sen., Ohio) 
James S. Wads worth (Soldier, 

N. Y.) 



Morrison R. Waite (Chief Justice, 

Ohio) 
Robert J. Walker (Sec. Treas., 

Miss.) 
John Wanamaker (P. M. Gen., 

Pa.) 
Gouvemeur K. Warren (Soldier, 

N. Y.) 
Joseph Warren (Soldier, Mass.) 
E. B. Washburn (Diplomat, 111.) 
Cadwallader C. Washbunie (Gov., 

Wis.) 
Booker T. Washington (Edu- 
cator, Ala.) 
Bushrod Washington (Judge, Va.) 
George Washington (Pres., Va.) 
Daniel Webster (Sec. State, 

Mass.) 
Thurlow Weed (JoumaUst, N. Y.) 
John Wentworth (Rep., 111.) 
Henry Wheaton, (Jurist, R. I.) 
Joseph Wheeler (Soldier, Ala.) 
Andrew D. White (Diplomat, 

N. Y.) 
Hugh L. White (Sen., Tenn.) 
John White (Speaker, Ky.) 
Eli Whitney (Inventor, Conn.) 
John G. Whittier (Poet, Mass.) 
William Wilkins (Sen., Pa.) 
James Wilkinson (Soldier, Md.) 
John Sharp Williams (Senator, 

Miss.) 
Roger Williams (Clergyman, R. I.) 
Hugh Wilhamson (Repr., N. C.) 
David Wilmot (Repr., Pa.) 
Henry Wilson (Vice-Pres., Mass.) 
James Wilson (Judge, Pa.) 
Fitz John Winthrop (Gov., Conn.) 
John Winthrop (Gov., Mass.) 
Robert C. Winthrop (Speaker, 

Ma.ss.) 
Henry A. Wise (Gov., Va.) 



386 



LIBRARY REPORTS 



[§236 



Oliver Wolcott (Soldier and Judge, 

Conn.) 
Roger Wolcott (Gov., Mass.) 
Leonard Wood (Soldier and Gov. 

Cuba, Mass.) 
Levi Woodbury (Sen., N. H.) 



Elizur Wright (Journalist and 

Abolitionist, Mass.) 
Silas Wright (Sen., N. Y.) 



Brigham Young (Mormon, Utah) 



§ 237. List of Public Men arranged by States and Countries. 

Alabama. — James G. Birney; Clement C. Clay; Hannis 
Taylor; Booker T. Washington; Joseph Wheeler. 

California. — David C. Broderick; John C. Fremont; 
Victor Metcalf ; Leland Stanford. 

Connecticut. — Joel Barlow; Prudence Crandall; Manas- 
seh Cutler; Silas Deane; Timothy Dwight; Oliver Ellsworth; 
Nathan Hale; Isaac Hull; William Hull; William S. Johnson; 
Israel Putnam; Rufus Putnam; Gurdon Saltonstall; Roger 
Sherman; Jonathan Trumbull; Eli Whitney; Fitz John Win- 
throp; Oliver Wolcott. 

Delaware. — James A. Bayard; Thomas F. Bayard; John 
M. Clayton; John Dickinson; George Gray; Thomas Mac- 
donough; Louis McLane; Robert M. McLane; Caisar Rodney; 
Daniel Rodney. 

Georgia. — Howell Cobb; George W. Crawford; William 
H. Crawford; Charles F. Crisp; John Forsyth; Herschel V. 
Johnson; Wilson Lumpkin; James Oglethorpe; Alexander H. 
Stephens; Robert Toombs; George Troup. 

Illinois. — Stephen A. Douglas; U. S. Grant; Abraham 
Lincoln; Robert T. Lincoln; John A. Logan; John Pope; 
Adlai E. Stevenson; Lyman Trumbull; E. B. Washburn; 
John Went worth. 

Indiana. — Schuyler Colfax; John W. Davis; W. H. 
English; Charles W. Fairbanks; W. Q. Gresham; Benjamin 
Harrison; W. H. Harrison; John Hay; Thomas P. Hen- 
dricks; George W. Julian; Michael C. Kerr; Hugh McCulloch; 
Oliver P. Morton. 

Iowa. — William B. Allison; William F. Cody; E. H. 
Conger; Leslie M. Shaw. 



§ 237] BIOGRAPHICAL 387 

Kansas. — James Lane; Charles Robinson. 

Kentucky. — Robert Anderson; Daniel Boone; Linn 
Boyd; John Breckenridge; John C. Breckenridge; Benjamin 
N. Bristovv; S. B. Buckner; John G. Carlisle; Cassius M. 
Clay; Henry Clay; J. J. Crittenden; Thomas L. Crittenden; 
Richard M. Johnson; Albert Sidney Johnston; 0. McK. 
Mitchell; John H. Morgan; John White. 

Louisiana. — Judah P. Benjamin; William C. C. Clai- 
borne; George Eustis; John Slidell. 

Maine. — James G. Blaine; Nelson Dingley, Jr.; Neal Dow; 
William P. Fessenden; William P. Frye; Hannibal Hamlin; 
Edward Preble; Thomas B. Reed. 

Maryland. — Charles J. Bonaparte; Charles Carroll; 
Samuel Chase; Fred Douglass; Arthur P. Gorman; Robert 
G. Harper; Reverdy Johnson; James McHenry; Luther 
Martin; William Pinkney; John Rodgers; Winfield S. Schley; 
Robert Smith; Roger B. Taney; James Wilkinson. 

Massachusetts. — Charles Francis Adams, Sr. ; Charles 
Francis Adams, Jr.; John Adams; John Quincy Adams; Sam- 
uel Adams; Fisher Ames; Oliver Ames; John A. Andrew; 
Edmond Andros; Nathan Appleton; Edward Atkinson; 
George Bancroft; Nathaniel P. Banks; Clara Barton; A. G. 
Bell; George S. Boutwell; William Bradford; Phillips Brooks; 
Anson Burlingame; Benjamin F. Butler; George Cabot; Rufus 
Choate; Matthew Cradock; Caleb Gushing; R. H. Dana, Jr.; 
j John Davis; Henry Dearborn; Samuel Dexter; Dorothea 
Dix; Joseph Dudley; William Dumnier; Jonathan Edwards; 
Charles W. Eliot; Ralph Waldo Emerson; John Endicott; 
Edward Everett; John Fiske; William Lloyd Garrison; 
Elbridge Gerry; A. W. Greely; John Hancock; Richard 
Hildreth; George F. Hoar; O. W. Holmes; Joseph Hooker; 
Thomas Hutchinson; Frances Anne Kemble; Henry Knox; 
Benjamin Lincoln; lievi Lincoln; Mary A. Livermore; Henry 
Cabot Lodge; John D. Long; H. W. Longfellow; James R. 
Lowell; S. C. McCall; Horace Mann; Cotton Mather; Increase 



388 LIBRARY REPORTS [§ 237 

Mather; George von L. Meyer; Nelson A. Miles; William H. 
Moody; Richard Olney; John Boyle O'Reilly; Harrison Gray 
Otis; James Otis; Francis Parkman; Theophilus Parsons; 
Wendell Phillips; Sir William Phips; Timothy Pickering; 
David Porter ; Josiah Quincy (elder) ; Josiah Quincy 
(younger); Robert Rantoiil; Paul Revere; William E. Rus- 
sell; Theodore Sedgwick; Samuel Sewall; Robert G. Shaw; 
Daniel Shays; Jared Sparks; Joseph Story; Caleb Strong; 
James Sullivan; Charles Sumner; Joseph B. Varnum; Joseph 
Warren; Daniel Webster; John G. Whittier; Henry Wilson; 
John Winthrop; Robert C. Winthrop; Roger Wolcott; 
Leonard Wood; Elizur Wright. 

Michigan. — Russell A. Alger; Lewis Cass; Zachariah 
Chandler; John H. King; William H. Macomb. 

Minnesota. — Cushman K. Davis; John A. Johnson; 
John S. Pillsbury. 

Mississippi. — Adelbert Ames; Blanche K. Bruce; Jeffer- 
son Davis; L. Q. C. Lamar; John H. Quitman; Robert J. 
Walker; John Sharp Williams. 

Missouri. — Thomas H. Benton; Francis P. Blair; Mont- 
gomery Blair; Richard P. Bland; B. Gratz Brown; Joseph 
W. Folk; Ethan A. Hitchcock; Dred Scott; Joseph Smith. 

Nebraska. — William J. Bryan. 

New Hampshire. — William E. Chandler; John P. Hale; 
Isaac Hill; Jeremiah Mason; Franklin Pierce; Alexander 
Scammel; Levi Woodbury. 

New Jersey. — Jonahan Dayton; William L. Dayton; 
George B. McClellan; William Patterson; William Penning- 
ton; Charles Stewart; Richard Stockton. 

New York. — Lyman Abbott; John Armstrong; Benedict 
Arnold; Chester A. Arthur; John J. Astor; Henry Ward 
Beecher; Jacob Brown; John Brown; Aaron Burr; Benjamin 
F. Butler; L. E. Chittenden; Joseph H. Choate; Grover Cleve- 
land; DeWitt Clinton; George Clinton; Cadwallader Colden; 
Bird S. Coler; Roscoe Conkling; James Fenimore Cooper; 



§ 237] BIOGRAPHICAL 389 

Peter Cooper; George B. Cortelyou; S. S. Cox; Richard 
Croker; Chauncey M. Depew; John A. Dix; John Ericsson; 
William M. Evarts; Reuben E. Fenton; Cyrus W. Field; 
Millard Fillmore; Hamilton Fish; Charles J. Folger; Philip 
P'reneau; Henry George; Gideon Granger; Horace Greeley; 
Alexander Hamilton; Winfield S. Hancock; David B. Hill; 
Charles E. Hughes; Robert G. Ingersoll; Washington Irving; 
John Jay; William Jay; William Tra vers Jerome; Sir William 
Johnson; John Kelly; James Kent; Rufus King; Edward 
Livingston; Robert R. Livingston; Seth Low; Daniel Man- 
ning; William L. Marcy; Samuel J. May; Edwin D. Morgan; 
John Pierpont Morgan; Gouverneur Morris; Samuel F. B. 
Morse; Levi P. Morton; Charles H. Parkhurst; Thomas C. 
Piatt; Theodore Roosevelt; Elihu Root; William T. Samp- 
son; Carl Schurz; Philip Schuyler; William H. Seward; 
Horatio Seymour; Gerritt Smith; John C. Spencer; Oscar 
S. Straus; John W. Taylor; Samuel J. Tilden; Daniel 
Tompkins; Benjamin F. Tracy; William M. Tweed; Martin 
Van Buren; Stephen Van Rensselaer; James S. Wads worth; 
Gouverneur K. Warren; Thurlow Weed; Andrew D. White; 
Charles Wilkes; Silas Wright. 

North Carolina. — Joseph Graham; William A. Graham: 
Nathaniel Macon; Willie P. Mangum; James Turner; Hugh 
Williamson. 

Ohio. — 'Salmon P. Chase; Thomas Corwin; Jacob D. 
Cox; George A. Custer; William R. Day; William Dennison; 
Thomas Ewing; Joseph B. Foraker; James A. Garfield; 
James R. Garfield; Joshua R. Giddings; Marcus A. Hanna; 
R. B. Hayes; Irvin McDowell; William McKinley; John 
McLean; James B. McPherson; Montgomery C. Meigs; 
Return J. Meigs, Jr.; A. G. Riddle; William S. Rosecrans; 
Philip H. Sheridan; John Sherman; William T. Sherman; 
William H. Taft; Allan G. Thurm.an; Clement C. Vallandig- 
ham; Benjamin F. Wade; Morrison R. Waite. 

Pennsylvania. — Nicholas Biddle; James Buchanan; 
Simon Cameron; James Campbell; Andrew Carnegie; Andrew 



390 LIBRARY REPORTS [§ 237 

G. Curtin; Alexander J. Dallas; George M. Dallas; William J. 
Duane; Benjamin Franklin; Robert Fulton; Albert Gallatin; 
Stephen Girard; Andrew Gregg; David McM. Gregg; Rob- 
ert C. Grier; Francis Hopkinson; Jared IngersoH; Thomas 
McKean; George G. Meade; Thomas Mifflin; Robert Morris; 
Frederick A. Muhlenberg; John P. G. Muhlenberg; Thomas 
Paine; William Penn; David D. Porter; James M. Porter; 
Matthew Quay; Samuel J. Randall; Joseph Reed; Benjamin 
Rush; Arthur St. Clair; Edwin M. Stanton; Thaddeus Stev- 
ens; John Wanamaker; William Wilkins; David Wilmot; 
James Wilson. 

Rhode Island. — Nelson W. Aldrich; H. B. Anthony; A. 
E. Burnside; William Ellery Channing; Thomas W. Dorr; 
William Ellery; Nathanael Greene; Stephen Hopkins; Mat- 
thew C. Perry; Oliver H. Perry; Henry Wheaton; Roger 
Williams. 

South Carolina. — Preston S. Brooks; Pierce Butler; 
John C. Calhoun; Langdon Cheves; Wade Hampton; Robert 
Y. Hayne; Henry Laurens; Richard Henry Lee; James Long- 
street; George McDuffie; James L. Orr; James L. Petigru; 
Francis W. Pickens; Charles Pinckney; C. C. Pinckney; 
Thomas Pinckney; J. S. Poinsett; Edward Rutledge; John 
Rutledge; Benjamin R. Tillman. 

South Dakota. — Richard F. Pettigrew. 

Tennessee. — John Bell; George W. Campbell; John H. 
Eaton; David G. Farragut; Felix Grundy; Andrew Jackson; 
Andrew Johnson; Meriwether Lewis; Gideon J. Pillow; 
James K. Polk; Hugh L. White. 

Texas. — Stephen Austin; Samuel Houston; Roger Q. 
Mills; John A. Reagan. 

Utah. — Brigham Young. 

Vermont. — Ethan Allen; George Dewey; George F. Ed- 
munds; George P. Marsh; Justin Morrill; E. J. Phelps. 

Virginia. — James Barbour; George Rogers Clark; John 
W. Eppes; Robley D. Evans; John B. Floyd; Patrick Henry; 



§238] BIOGRAPHICAL 391 

David Hunter; Robert M. T. Hunter; Thomas J. Jackson; 
Thomas Jefferson; John Paul Jones; Charles Lee; Richard 
Henry Lee; Robert E. Lee; James Madison; John Marshall; 
George Mason; James M. Mason; James Monroe; John S. 
Mosby; Edgar A. Poe; Edmund Randolph; John Randolph; 
Peyton Randolph; Winfield Scott; Andrew Stevenson; Zach- 
ary Taylor; George H. Thomas; John Tyler; Abel P. Upshur; 
Bushrod Washington; George Washington; Henry A. Wise. 

West Virginia. — Stephen B. Elkins. 

Wisconsin. — Lucius Fairchild; J. C. Spooner; Cadwal- 
lader C. Washburne. 

England. — John Andre; John Bright; John Cabot; Sebas- 
tian Cabot; Sir Francis Drake; Sir John Hawkins; Sir Walter 
Ralegh. 

France. — Marquis de Lafayette. 

Spain. — Christopher Columbus. 

§ 238. Methods of Constitutional Library Reports. 

Object. This report is intended, like the weekly papers 
{Manual, § 7), to train students in applying to specific cases 
the general principles of the Constitution; but instead of 
undertaking to give an opinion off-hand and without the use 
of books, they will be expected to bring to bear upon their 
question all the authorities which they can command. 

Scope. Each topic will be a simple question in consti- 
tutional law, and, so far as possible, a very detailed question. 
The report is to be a brief statement of the conclusions 
which the student has reached, with the reasons for those 
conclusions; but in the report it is expected that objections 
to the position taken will be stated and discussed, and the 
reasons for setting them aside will be made apparent. 
Students are cautioned against making these reports vague, 
and especially against copying opinions of jurists or states- 
men without showing how they affect the results. A series 
of bald extracts from, or abstracts of authorities is not con- 



392 LIBRARY REPORTS [§ 238 

sidered a report. It is expected that the subject will be logi- 
cally developed in analyzed heads, each worked out in 
arguments backed up by references to the authorities upon 
which the opinion is based; and brief quotations may well 
be introduced to show the character of the evidence. Special 
notice will be taken of a systematic analysis of the subject 
and a neat form of statement, in which the main heads of 
the arguments are clearly stated. 

§ 239. Materials for Constitutional Library Reports. 

Authorities. Bibliographies of the Constitution will be 
found in Manual, §§28, 101, 102, 135, 136-160, 199-229, 
283; J. Winsor, Narrative and Critical Hist., VII, 255-266; 
W. E. Foster, References to the Constitution; A. B. Hart, 
Federal Government, §§ 38, 469, and Actual Government, 
§ 17; J. G. Barnwell, Reading Notes to the Constitution. 
Use also the bibliographical introductions or footnotes to 
the best books on constitutional history and constitu- 
tional law. 

Students will be expected to refer to any parts of the 
Constitution bearing upon their subject, to study the con- 
stitutional treatises, to examine acts of Congress and other 
evidences of the practice of the government with reference 
to their subject, and to make use of Supreme Court Reports 
and other repositories of official legal opinions. 

The principal authorities on constitutional law should be 
reserved in the alcove containing books on government. 
Duplicates of many of these books will be found in any 
good public or private law library. The footnotes to these 
treatises should lead to other commentaries, and especially 
to decisions of the United States Supreme Court and other 
courts. Some of the treatises are enumerated in Manual, 
§ 135, and lists of legal reports of cases and aids to the 
study of constitutional questions will be found in Manual, 
§ 135. 



§ 240] CONSTITUTIONAL 393 

Conference. In addition to the conference hours of the 
assistant the instructor may himself be consulted. 

Method. The easiest and most complete way of handling 
the subject is to take notes upon loose sheets, appropriating 
one for each branch of the subject as it is developed. The 
student may then go through all the authorities, searching 
simply for discussions which may seem to him to bear upon 
the point, and taking his references point by point. He 
will then have a body of classified references, and may go 
back to those which he has marked as being most helpful. 
By comparing the various authorities thus collected in each 
subdivision of the subject seriatim, he will be able to come 
to a decision for himself. 

Out of this list of about a thousand constitutional sub- 
jects for investigation, many are discussed at more or less 
length by the treatise writers, or in special monographs. 
References at the section heads will lead to some of the 
special materials. In general the topics are very limited, 
so that the available materials can be exhausted. Of the 
following subjects a large number have been tested, and 
give opportunity for proper discussion; but students may 
arrange for a change of subject if it seems hard to find 
suitable evidence. In Manual, §§ 283-299, will be found 
lists of questions in practical government, many of which 
might also be used for constitutional reports. 

§ 240. Constitutional Reports on the Genesis and Nature of 
of the Union {see Manual, §§29-52, 97, 98, 101, 102, 13&- 
138, 203 287). 

Revolution. 

1. Was Massachusetts ever sovereign and independent? 

2. Has any State existed without being a State in the 
Union? 

3. Were the Continental paper notes really a legal tender? 



394 LIBRARY REPORTS [§ 240 

4. Were ordinances of the Continental Congress binding 
on the people of the United States after 1789? 

5. Did the Second Continental Congress exercise sov- 
ereign powers? 

6. Were the people bound to obey the resolutions of the 
Continental Congress? 

7. Were the states bound to obey the resolutions of the 
Continental Congress? 

8. Was there a national government by "Compact" 
before 1781? 

The Confederation. 

9. Was the Confederation a league of sovereign States? 

10. Was the Confederation a constitutional compact? 

11. Had the Congress of the Confederation any power of 
enforcing its decrees? 

12. Had the Congress of the Confederation supreme juris- 
diction in prize cases? 

13. Were the States bound to obey the ordinances of 
Congress? 

14. Had the Confederation constitutional power over the 
Indians? 

15. Could the Confederation keep up a standing army? 

16. Was the Northwest Ordinance a constitutional act? 

17. Was Patrick Henry's theory of State rights under the 
Confederation sound? 

18. Had the States a right to secede from the Confedera- 
tion? 

19. Was the Confederation ever legally dissolved? 

Ratification of the Constitution. 

20. Is the Constitution a compact between individuals? 

21. Is the Constitution a compact between states? 

22. Is the Constitution a compact between the States 
and the general government. 



§ 240] CONSTITUTIONAL 395 

23. Who were "the people of the United States" in 1787? 

24. Is the Federal constitution supreme over the Massa- 
chusetts constitution of 1780? 

25. Did the States forever bind themselves by their rati- 
fication of the Constitution? 

26. Are the people of New York to-day bound by the 
ratification of the Constitution in 1788? 

27. Did the framers of the Constitution know "a people 
of the United States" possessing political powers? 

28. May a State repeal ics ratification of a constitutional 
amendment? 

29. Is there any part of the United States Constitution 
which cannot be amended? 

30. Was North Carolina in or out of the Union in 1789? 

31. Could Rhode Island have set up a separate govern- 
ment in 1788. 

Sovereignty. 

32. Was the government of the United States sovereign 
in 1790? 

33. Can the United States be compelled to pay its just 
debts? 

34. May a State be compelled to pay debts due to the 
Federal government? 

35. Who is the sovereign in the United States? 

36. Are state Constitutions a part of the national Con- 
sit itution? 

37. Is Congress sovereign within the sphere of national 
powers? 

Implied Powers. 

38. How far is the intent of the framers of the Constitu- 
tion to be taken into account in determining its meaning? 

39. Does the "general welfare" clause give additional 
powers to Congress, not elsewhere stated? 



396 LIBRARY REPORTS [§ 240 

40. Is the "general welfare" clause a limitation on the 
taxation clause? 

41. Can a power not distinctly implied in any specified 
power in the Constitution be implied froTH several clauses 
taken together? 

42. May the United States government exercise a power 
because it was a power customary in civilized governments 
at the time the Constitution was framed? 

43. Are tariff acts "necessary and proper"? 

44. Was the Sedition Act constitutional? 

45. Was the Embargo constitutional? 

46. Was the Legal Tender Act constitutional? 

47. What powers are forbidden both to the nation and 
the States? 

48. Whence comes the authority to annex territory? 

§ 241. Constitutional Reports on Membership in the Com- 
munity (see Manual, §§ 99, 100, 177, 187, 192, 201, 256). 

Citizenship. 

1. Is there a citizen of the United States who is not also 
a citizen of a State? 

2. Can there be a citizen of a State who is not also a 
citizen of the United States? 

3. Are there now any citizens of the United States who 
have fewer rights than other citizens? 

4. Is the son of Chinese parents, born in the United 
States, a citizen of the United States? 

5. Are the Filipinos citizens of the United States? 

6. What is the legal status of a born Porto Rican who 
settles in New York? 

7. What is the status of a born Filipino who settles in 
Hawaii? 

8. Do persons born in Hawaii thereby become citizens of 
the United States? 



§ 241] CONSTITUTIONAL 397 

9. Is the son of an American citizen, born in Germany 
and always residing there, an American citizen? 

10. Is the son of American parents, born in Germany, a 
citizen of the United States? 

11. Can a citizen of the United States divest himself of 
that citizenship. 

12. May an Indian be compelled to accept citizenship? 

13. May a State deprive any person of citizenship? 

14. May Congress by statute banish a citizen of the 
United States? 

15. May a State banish a citizen of that State? 

16. May Congress fix banishment as a penalty for crime? 

17. May Congress forbid American citizens to return from 
foreign countries? 

18. What is "inhabitancy of a State" in the meaning of 
the Constitution, Art. I, sec. 3, § 3? 

19. Is a corporation created by a State entitled to the 
privileges and immunities of citizens in other States? 

Naturalization. 

20. May naturalization be refused by State courts on 
the ground that they do not care to take the trouble? 

21. May Congress require naturalization by United States 
courts only? 

22. Is naturalization a right of an alien, if he can satisfy 
the formalities? 

23. Is a foreign power bound to accept an authentic act 
of naturalization, even though obtained by fraud? 

24. What persons are excluded from naturalization? 

25. May Congress by statute withdraw a naturalization 
once granted? 

26. Is there any legal distinction between a naturalized 
and a native-born citizen? 

27. Is a naturalized citizen of the United States relieved 
from obligation to his native government? 



398 LIBRARY REPORTS [§ 241 

28. May a Filipino Malay be naturalized as a citizen of 
the United States? 

Aliens. 

29. May a person be both a citizen of the United States 
and of a foreign country? 

30. Are aliens liable to military service? 

31. Are aliens entitled to sue in the United States courts? 

32. May Congress by statute forbid aliens to hold real 
estate in the United States? 

33. May Congress by statute confiscate the property of 
aliens? 

34. May Congress by law compel subjects of friendly 
countries to leave our territory? 

35. Was the Alien [friends] Act constitutional? 

36. Was the Alien [enemies] Act constitutional? 

37. May the States forbid persons of Japanese race to 
vote? 

38. How may a Chinaman legally enter the United States? 

39. May Congress expel the Chinese now in the country? 

40. May the Chinese now in Hawaii be banished by act 
of Congress? 

41. May Congress refuse to sell public lands to aliens? 

Personal Freedom. 

42. Was slavery ever legal on board United States men 
of war? 

43. Was slavery constitutionally established in Missouri 
before 1820? 

44. Did the Proclamation of Emancipation annul slavery 
clauses in State constitutions? 

45. Did the Proclamation of Emancipation actually free 
any slaves? 

46. Were the slaves held by Filipinos set free by annexa- 
tion? 



§ 24l] CONSTITUTIONAL 399 

47. Could the United States by treaty acknowledge the 
existence of slavery in the Sulu archipelago? 

48. Are the Hawaiians protected against slavery by the 
Federal constitution? 

49. May Congress provide by law for returning fugitive 
slaves who may escape into the United States from other 
countries? 

50. Was the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 constitutional? 

51. Were the Personal Liberty Laws constitutional? 

52. Had Congress at any time the right to prohibit the 
return of fugitive slaves from the territories? 

53. May a criminal be sold to service for a term of years? 

54. May a criminal be sold to serve an individual for life? 

55. May the States refuse to permit the entrance of citi- 
zens to other States on the ground of pauperism? 

56. May mine owners in Illinois import negroes to take 
the place of strikers? 

57. May a pauper be compelled against his will to return 
to the State from which he came? 

58. What is the remedy of an individual illegally arrested 
by the President's order? 

59. May the President suspend habeas corpus. 

60. May a general suspend habeas corpus in time of war? 

Freedom of Speech. 

61. May a person be punished for speaking ill of Congress? 

62. Ma}^ a person be punished in time of war for telling 
the truth about the military stiuation of the country? 

63. Could a correspondent be punished for sending home 
truthful despatches on operations in the Philippines? 

64. Are the Filipinos entitled to meet and petition Con- 
gress to restore the islands to Spain? 

65. Are petitioners entitled to have their petitions read 
in Congress? 



400 LIBRARY REPORTS l§ 241 



Rights of Colonists. 

66. Are the people of Porto Rico entitled to keep and 
bear arms? 

67. Are Filipinos entitled to "no taxation without repre- 
sentation?" 

68. Are Hawaiians under the Constitution to keep and 
bear arms? 

69. May soldiers be quartered in the houses of Filipinos? 

70. Are Hawaiians entitled to counsel in criminal trials 
by the Constitution? 

71. Are Porto Ricans entitled to sue in Federal courts in 
California? 

72. May a Porto Rican be deprived of his property with- 
out due process of law? 

73. Is a Hawaiian entitled to indictment before trial? 

74. May a Filipino be tried without an indictment or 
presentment? 

75. Have the people of Alaska a right to trial by jury? 

76. Are Hawaiians entitled to a trial by jury under the 
Constitiution? 

77. Are Filipinos entitled to a trial by jury? 

78. May Congress bring Porto Ricans to the continent 
for trial by murder? 

79. May inhabitants of the Philippines be burned alive 
as a judicial punishment for crime? 

Protection of Rights. 

80. Can the United States protect a citizen against depri- 
vation of his civil rights by a State? 

81. May Congress protect colored citizens from exclusion 
by State law from juries? 

82. May Congress provide for the punishment of persons 
who prevent negroes from voting? 



§ 242] CONSTITUTIONAL 401 

83. May the United States protect a citizen against dis- 
crimination in the use of public conveyances? 

84. May Congress require railway companies to admit 
negroes to Pullman cars? 

85. Was the Freedman's Bureau Bill of 1866 constitu- 
tional? 

86. Can anybody deprive a citizen of the United States 
of his property without due process of law? 

87. May Congress divest persons of titles to lands which 
they have acquired by purchase from the government? 

88. May private houses be searched by revenue officers 
at night? 

§ 242. Constitutional Reports on The Electoral System (see 
Manual, §§ 103, 104, 288). 

1. May Congress in any way regulate the suffrage? 

2. May Congress establish compulsory voting in national 
elections? 

3. May Congress establish a system of minority repre- 
sentation in elections to Congress? 

4. May Congress require the Australian ballot system at 
national elections? 

5. May Congress require the registration of voters at 
national elections? 

6. May Congress grant to women the right to vote for 
presidential electors? 

7. Would an educational qualification fixed by a State 
be a reason for diminishing its representation in Congress? 

8. Is the belief that polygamy is a divine institution 
ground for disenfranchisement? 

9. For what reasons has the United States excluded 
presons from suffrage? 

10. May Congress deprive deserters of their right to vote? 

11. Is the right to be a candidate for elective office secured 
by the Constitution? 



402 LIBRARY REPORTS [§ 243 

§ 243, Constitutional Reports on the Status of the States (see 
Manual, §§ 97, 98, 105, 106, 141, 149, 156, 160, 289). 

Federal Status. 

1. What rights have States which cannot be infringed by 
the general government? 

2. May a territory form a State constitution without an 
enabUng act? 

3. Do territorial laws remain in force after the admission 
of the territory as a State? 

4. May a Federal constitutional convention duly called 
propose an amendment to take away the equal vote in the 
Senate? 

5. Was Missouri bound by the text of the Compromise 
of 1821? 

6. May Congress fix conditions on States at admission 
which will hold good after admission? 

7. May Congress admit Hawaii as a State on condition 
that all educated men shall have the suffrage? 

8. Can a State be formed without the consent of the 
people? 

9. Was the admission of West Virginia constitutional? 

10. Might Congress admit Porto Rico as a State wuth the 
condition that it sliould have only one Senator? 

11. Is Utah bound by any restrictions which do not 
apply to other States? 

12. Is Ohio bound to perform any duties not required 
of other States? 

13. May Congress by statute assign duties to State offi- 
cials? 

14. What duties do State governments perform for the 
national government? 

15. May a State Governor refuse to extradite a person 
whom he admits to be a fugitive criminal? 

16. Does the United States in any official way recognize 
I IIP existence of cities in the States? 



§ 243] CONSTITUTIONAL 403 

17. Does the United States in any way recognize the 
existence of county governments? 

State Sovereignty. 

18. Was any State sovereign in 1780? 

19. Was any State sovereign in 1788? 

20. Was any State sovereign in 1791? 

21. Is a State sovereign over the inheritance of property? 

22. Is a State sovereign over its own tax system? 

23. Is a State sovereign over education? 

Interposition and Nullification. 

24. What is the meaning of "interposition" as used in 
the Virginia Resolutions? 

25. Is "interposition" a rightful remedy in case of actual 
violation. of State rights by the Federal government? 

26. What is the meaning of "nullification" as used in 
the Kentucky Resolutions? 

27. What remedy has the United States against nullifi- 
cation? 

28. Was nullification in 1833 "a peaceful remedy"? 

Secession. 

29. Does a man owe allegiance to his State? 

30. Does secession deprive a State of its privileges in the 
Union? 

31. Was Tennessee in the Union during the Civil War? 
.32. Was the secession of Louisiana unconstitutional 

under the treaty of 1803? 

33. Was John Bell "bound to follow his State" in seces- 
sion in 1861? 

34. Does the "supreme law" clause make it certain that 
a State cannot secede? 

35. What are the constitutional remedies in case a State 
secedes? 



404 LIBRARY REPORTS [§243 

36. Is secession insurrection? 

37. Is secession rebellion? 

38. Is secession treason? 

39. Had Texas any more right to secede than Virginia? 

40. May the United States make war upon a State? 

Adjustment of Controversies. 

41. Who finally decides as to the meaning of the phrases 
of the State constitutions? 

42. What is "a republican form of government"? 

43. May Congress by statute decide which of two rival 
State governments is legal? 

44. In case of concurrent powers between the national 
and State governments, which has precedence? 

45. Who decides disputes between the States and the 
national government? 

46. Is there any tribunal to decide disputes between 
State Governors and the President? 

47. May a suit be brought against a State by a citizen of 
the United States? 

§ 244. Constitutional Reports on the National Legislative (see 
Manual, §§ 99, 100. 187, 138, 214, 215, 291). 

Qualifications of Members. 

1. May Congress by statute refuse to receive Senators 
and Representatives from a State now in the Union? 

2. May Congress prohibit persons holding State offices 
Jrom accepting elections to the House of Representatives? 

3. May Congress by statute refuse to admit Senators and 
Representatives elected from a former seceding State? 

4. May Congress make any qualifications for member- 
ship in either House not stated in the Constitution? 

5. Can a State define the qualifications for a member of 
the House of Representatives? 



§ 244] CONSTITUTIONAL 405 

6. May Congress by statute declare persons who have 
been engaged in war against the United States to be ineli- 
gible for membership in either House? 

7. May Congress prescribe residence in the district from 
which a member is elected as a qualification for member- 
ship in the House? 

8. May a meml^er elect of the House of Representatives 
be refused a seat because suspected of crime? 

9. May a Senator elect be excluded from the Senate on 
the ground that he believes in polygamy? 

10. May the Senate refuse to admit a Senator elect be- 
cause it does not like him? 

11. May the House refuse to receive a member elect on 
grounds of personal character only? 

Election of Senators. 

12. Is there a remedy if a State refuse to elect Senators? 

13. May a State be compelled by constitutional amend- 
ment to choose Senators by popular vote? 

14. Might a State by its constitution direct the legislature 
to choose as Senator a man who had a majority of the popu- 
lar vote in a primary election. 

15. May States require a preliminary popular election to 
designate candidates out of whom alone Senators may be 
chosen? 

16. If a legislature meets and terminates without electing 
a Senator, may the Governor thereupon appoint to the 
vacancy? 

17. Could retiring Presidents be made Senators ex officio 
without votes by a constitutional amendment? 

18. May Congress pass an act regulating contests for 
seats in the Senate or House? 



406 LIBRARY REPORTS [§244 

Election of Representatives. 

19. How far may the United States regulate elections to 
Congress? 

20. May Congress in any way regulate State elections? 

21. May Congress by statute place soldiers at the polls 
in States where there is no disturbance of the peace? 

22. May the President under the present laws station 
United States troops at the polls at elections? 

23. May Congress prohibit the States from holding elec- 
tions on the day of election of members to the House? 

24. May Congress compel States to permit their public 
buildings to be used for Federal elections? 

25. May Congress by statute district the States for con- 
gressional elections? 

26. Is there any Federal remedy for so districting a State 
that one congressional district shall have twice the popu- 
lation of another? 

27. Are territorial delegates meml^ers of the House of 
Representatives ? 

28. May Congress commit the decision in contested elec- 
tions to State courts? 

29. May Congress by statute empower the Federal courts 
to decide contested elections? 

The Senate. 

30. Does the Senate represent the States rather than the 
people? 

31. Is a Senator bound to regard instructions by the 
legislature of his State? 

32. Has the Vice-President of the United States any of 
the privileges of the Senate? 

33. Is the Senate bound by parliamentary decisions of 
the Vice-President? 

34. What powers has the Senate which are not possessed 
by the House? 



§ 244] CONSTITUTIONAL 407 

The House. 

35. What powers has the House which are not possessed 

by the Senate? 

36. Has the House the sole right to initiate appropriation 
bills? 

37. Has the Speaker of the House the right to declare a 
quorum present when less than a majority answer to their 
names in roll-call? 

38. May Congress by statute assign duties to the Speaker 
of the House? 

39. May the Speaker of the House vote as a member and 
again vote in a tie on the same question? 

40. May the Speaker of the House be compelled to resign? 

41. Could a person not a member of the House be elected 
Speaker? 

42. Are members of Congress legally bound to vote, if 
present? 

43. Could committees of Congress be required by statute 
to hold their sessions in public? 

44. May a member of Congress appear as paid counsel to 
argue for a corporation before a committee of Congress? 

Privilege. 

45. How long does the privilege of freedom from arrest of 
a member of Congress last? 

46. May Congress infiict any punishment on persons not 
members of Congress? 

47. May Congress compel the testimony of witnesses? 

48. May Congress inflict the penalty of imprisonment on 
its own members? 

49. May either House expel a member for asserting a 
belief in polygamy? 



408 LIBRARY REPORTS [§244 

Legislative Procedure. 

50. May Congress by statute regulate the time of adjourn- 
ment of future Congresses? 

51. May a Congress bind a succeeding Congress? 

52. May Congress delegate to a commission the prepara- 
tion of a bill? 

53. May the Executive submit drafts of bills to Congress? 

54. Is a joint resolution legally different from an act? 

55. Is there any remedy if the Journals falsely state that 
a bill has been passed? 

56. May the order of business of either House be fixed by 
statute? 

57. Can a bill be carried through all its stages and become 
an act, all in one day? 

58. Could either House of Congress by rule limit the 
privilege of debate to chairmen of committees? 

59. May Congress b}^ law determine the time of expira- 
tion of Congress? 

60. Is there any legal limitation on legislative "riders"? 

61. Can either House recall a bill after it is passed and 
sent to the other House? 

62. When does an act of Congress take effect? 

63. May a President sign a bill after the adjournment of 
Congress? 

64. If Congress adjourn for the holidays, do bills held 
unsigned for ten days by the President become a law with- 
out his signature? 

65. May a President on constitutional grounds veto a bill 
which has in principle been held valid by the Supreme Court? 

Relations with the Executive. 

66. May either House by a committee investigate the acts 
of the President? 

67. May either House require the President to submit 
papers? 



§245] CONSTITUTIONAL 409 

68. May the Houses by concurrent resolution require the 
President to submit papers? 

69. May Congress under any circumstances forbid the 
President to exercise duties specified in the Constitution? 

70. May Congress authorize tlie President to make regu- 
lations with the force of law? 

71. May Congress by statute assign to the President 
duties not specified in the Constitution? 

§ 245. Constitutional Reports on the National Executive (see 
Manual, §§212, 213). 

Presidential Elections. 

1. Are Indians eligible to the presidency? 

2. Are Filipinos eligible to the presidency? 

3. May Congress by statute establish qualifications for 
presidential electors? 

4. Did the Federal Convention expect presidential elec- 
tors to vote according to tlieir individual preferences? 

5. How are vacancies in the electoral colleges filled, be- 
tween the popular elections and the choice of the President? 

6. Would the plan of dividing the State electoral vote 
pro rata to the popular vote in each State be an improvement? 

7. Who is constitutionally entitled to count the electoral 
vote? 

8. May the electoral vote of a State be rejected if there 
is no conflicting return? 

9. Who would be President if the President and Vice- 
President should die between January 15 and March 4? 

Cabinet. 

10. What is a "department" in the meaning of the Con- 
stitution? 

11. May Congress require the President to select Cabinet 
ministers out of persons already in the civil service? 



410 LIBRARY REPORTS [§245 

12. May the President appoint an executive board of 
.three persons to take charge of the War Department? 

13. Could Congress require the President to consult the 
judgment of his Cabinet? 

14. Is the act of a Cabinet officer legally the act of the 
President? 

15. Are Cabinet officers bound to obey the directions of 
the President or else to resign? 

16. Could the Vice-President be made a member of the 
Cabinet? 

17. Could Congress by statute give Cabinet officers seats 
in either House? 

18. Could Congress assign to the Interior Department the 
management of foreign relations? 

19. May a President prescribe the duties of a Secretary of 
State? 

20. Has the Secretary of War any duties in which he is 
is not subject to the direction of the President? 

21. Is a Secreatry of State bound to submit all his des- 
patches to the President? 

22. May Congress require heads of departments to be 
responsible directly to Congress? 

23. May the House of Representatives require a head of 
department to report directly to them? 

24. May a suit be brought against a Cabinet officer on 
account of an official act? 

Appointments and Removals. 

25. Is the Consular Clerks Act of 1864 constitutional? 

26. May the Senate require the President to submit 
papers bearing on the nominations? 

27. Was the Tenure of Office Act of 1867 constitutional? 

28. Has the Senate at present any control over removals? 

29. May Congress by statute require the President to 
state reasons for a removal? 



§245] CONSTITUTIONAL 411 

30. May Congress by statute require heads of depart- 
ments to state reasons for removals? 

31. May the Senate require papers relative to removals, 
before confirming appointments to fill the vacancies thus 
caused? 

32. May Congress by statute require that appointments 
shall be made only from persons who have passed a civil 
service examination? 

33. May Congress give to graduates of agricultural col- 
leges a preference in appointments to office? 

34. May Congress provide a civil service examination for 
ambassadors? 

35. May Congress make the civil service rules mandatory 
on the President? 

36. May Congress require that appointments to office be 
apportioned per capita among the States and territories? 

37. May Congress by statute give to executive officials a 
term during good behavior? 

38. May Congress in creating an office designate the per- 
son who is to fill it? 

39. May Congress designate persons to be promoted in 
the military service? 

40. May Congress by statute remove officials by short- 
ening the terms of their offices? 

41. May an officer of the navy be dismissed without a 
court martial? 

42. May an officer of the army be dismissed without a 
hearing? 

Civil Service. 

43. May the President appoint foreign representatives for 
whose salary Congress has made no provision? 

44. May the President appoint persons without salary to 
offices not created by Congress? 

45. May the President accept private subscriptions for 
payment of an official whose salary Congress refuses to vote? 



412 LIBRARY REPORTS [§245 

46. May Congress designate persons to occupy public 
ojHices already created? 

47. May Congress provide pensions for civil employees? 

48. May States tax the salaries of United States officials? 

49. May Congress impose any official duties it pleases on 
officers of the government other than the President? 

50. Have executive regulations for government employees 
the force of law? 

51. May an official of the United States at the same time 
hold office under a State or territory? 

52. May the President delegate his power of appointment 
to subordinates? 

53. May the President delegate his command over the 
army? 

Responsibility of the President. 

54. Is the Presidential veto a legislative power? 

55. Is a President bound to carry out a statute passed 
over a veto based on unconstitutionality? 

56. May a President refuse to carry out an act of Con- 
gress on the ground that it is unconstitutional? 

57. May the President constitutionally perform an act 
which the Supreme Court has held to be unconstitutional? 

58. Was President Johnson bound to carry out the recon- 
struction acts which he vetoed? 

59. May either House require from the President the 
reasons for an official action? 

60. May a suit be brought against a President in office 
on account of an official act? 

61. May a suit be brought against an ex-President for an 
official act performed while President? 

62. May the President be summoned as a witness? 

63. Is there any limitation on the President's power of 
pardon? 

64. May Congress by law relieve from penalties already 
incurred? 



§246] CONSTITUTIONAL 413 

§ 246. Constitutional Reports on the National Judiciary (see 
Manual, §§ 113, 114, 161, 216, 217, 293). 

Appointment and Removal of Judges. 

1. May Congress create a judgeship with a Hmited term? 

2. Are territorial judges "judges of inferior courts" in 
the constitutional sense? 

3. May Congress get rid of judges by repeaUng the laws 
creating the courts to which they are attached? 

4. For what offences may a United States judge be 
impeached? 

5. Has a federal judge a freehold in his office? 

Procedure of Courts. 

6. May Congress require the chief justice to give an 
opinion on the constitutionality of a pending bill? 

7. May the President require the opinion of the Supreme 
Court on a pending treaty? 

8. May Congress require the justices of the Supreme 
Court to act as examiners into claims on the government? 

9. May Congress exclude particular kinds of Federal 
cases from the decision of the Supreme Court? 

10. Had the Congress of the Confederation supreme juris- 
diction in prize cases? 

11. Have the United States courts criminal jurisdiction 
at common law? 

12. May Congress by statute take away the jurisdiction 
of courts pending cases? 

13. In what cases is the decision of a Circuit Court of 
Appeal final? 

14. In what civil cases is a jury required in United States 
courts? 

15. Are judges bound by the intent of the framers of the 
Constitution? 

16. May a United States court enjoin a person not to do 
an act defined by statute as criminal? , 



414 LIBRARY REPORTS [§ 246 

17. May courts punish as a contempt acts criminal under 
statute law? 

18. What is the effect of a decision of the Supreme Court 
upon persons not parties to the suit? 

19. Is an individual not a party to a suit before the Su- 
preme Court punishable for ignoring the decision? 

20. Is a United States court bound by French law in 
cases where an American maker of a will dies in Paris? 

21. Is a State court bound to accept the decision of a 
court in another State in the same case? 

Relations to States. 

22. In cases of concurrent jurisdiction between State and 
national courts, which has the precedence? 

23. Can cases arising under Federal laws be tried in State 
courts? 

24. Can cases arising under State laws be tried in Federal 
courts? 

25. May State courts issue writs of habeas corpus against 
United States officials? 

26. May a State court grant habeas corpus in favor of a 
person confined for contempt of a Federal court? 

27. May the United States courts issue writs of habeas 
corpus against State officials? 

28. May a State court declare a national law unconsti- 
tutional? 

29. Is the Federal Supreme Court bound by the decisions 
of State Supreme Courts on points of State constitutional 
law? 

30. How may cases be "removed" from a State to a 
United States court? 

31. How may cases be brought up from State to United 
States courts by "writ of error"? 

32. When and how may cases technically be "appealed" 
from State courts to Federal courts? 



§ 46] CONSTITUTIONAL 415 

33. Are the decisions of the Commissioner of Pensions 
binding on the State courts? 

34. May United States courts compel a State official to 
perform his State duties? 

35. May the United States courts compel city officials to 
perform their municipal duties? 

36. May a citizen of a territory sue a citizen of a State in 
a territorial court? 

Relations to Executive Department. 

37. May United States Courts render opinions at the 
request of any executive official? 

38. Who decides disputes between executive officials as 
to their authority? 

39. May an executive official be required by a court to 
perform an act forbidden by the President? 

40. May a United States court mandamus a member of 
the Cabinet? 

41. May army officers arrest civilians for breach of 
military law? 

42. May a United States court direct a letter carrier to 
deliver mail prohibited by act of Congress? 

Control of Courts. 

43. Is the Supreme Court bound by its own previous 
decisions? 

44. Is there a remedy for an unconstitutional decision of 
the Supreme Court? 

45. Can a judge be sued for any official act? 

46. How are judgments of the Supreme Court carried out? 

47. Can Congress by law remit judicial penalties incurred 
in specific cases? 

States as Parties to Suits. 

48. Is the Supreme Court the arbiter in all cases between 
States and the United States? 



416 LIBRARY REPORTS [§246 

49. May a State be summoned to appear as defendant in 
a suit before a Federal court? 

50. May a suit against a State be appealed to the Supreme 
Court from a State court? 

51. May a State which has made coupons on its bonds 
receivable for taxes be compelled to receive such coupons? 

52. May a State sue another State for payment of bonds? 

Impeachment. 

53. Does resignation remove an official from liability to 
impeachment? 

54. Is impeachment a judicial process? 

55. May a President be impeached for drunkenness? 

56. Can Senators of the United States be impeached? 

Declaring Acts Void. 

57. May the Supreme Court declare an income tax void? 

58. May the Supreme Court declare a tariff act void? 

59. May the Supreme Court declare an entry in the Senate 
'or House Journal void? 

60. May the Supreme Court declare void the order of a 
general in the field in time of war? 

61. May United States courts declare an executive proc- 
lamation void? 

62. May a whole State constitution be held void, as con- 
flicting with the Federal constitution? 

63. May the Supreme Court of the United States declare 
a city ordinance void? 

§ 247. Constitutional Reports on Territorial Functions (see 
Manual §§ 153, 154, 173, 178, 218, 219). 

Annexation. 

1. Is the intention of the framers of the Constitution as 
to annexation of territory binding upon this generation? 

2. Was the annexation of Louisiana constitutional? 



§ 247] CONSTITUTIONAL 417 

3. Was the consent of the people of the PhiHppines nec- 
essary for the constitutional transfer of the islands to the 
United States? 

4. May the President order the occupation of a region 
prior to the signing of the treaty of peace by which it is 
ceded? 

5. May Congress annex Cuba by joint resolution, con- 
trary to the express desire of the Cubans? 

6. May Alaska be transferred to China by treaty? 

7. Has the United States constitutional authority to 
plant a colony in unoccupied territory in Africa? 

8. May the President contract for the purchase of the 
Danish West Indies? 

9. Did the previous laws of Porto Rico remain in force 
after the ratification of the treaty of cession? 

Boundaries. 

10. Might Congress include Canada within our customs 
boundary, while leaving it outside the political boundary? 

11. Who decides what are the exterior boundaries of the 
United States? 

12. May Congress fix the boundaries between States? 

13. Would a State be bound to obey an act of Congress 
dividing its territory? 

14. May Congress determine the boundary between an 
old State and one just admitted? 

15. May Congress by statute transfer territory to a 
foreign nation? 

Maritime Jurisdiction. 

16. Has the United States any jurisdiction at sea outside 
of the three-mile limit and the decks of her vessels? 

17. What is the jurisdiction of the United States over 
enclosed bays like Chesapeake and Long Island Sound? 

18. Has the United States any jurisdiction in Bering Sea? 

19. In what jurisdiction are the Great Lakes? 



418 LIBRARY REPORTS [§ 247 

20. Who owns the bottom of the sea between high and 
low water-mark? 

21. Who owns the bottom of the sea between low water- 
mark and the three-mile- Umit? 

22. May the United States forbid Americans to fish on 
the Newfoundland banks? 

23. May Congress regulate in-shore fisheries on our coasts? 

24. Who has jurisdiction over the malicious cutting of a 
telegraph cable in mid ocean? 

25. Is the wreck of a foreign ship of war on our coast 
subject to Federal jurisdiction? 

26. What is the tribmial for offences by civilians on board 
foreign ships of war in American ports? 

27. What is the tribunal for offences committed on board 
foreign merchant vessels in American ports? 

28. What is the tribunal for offences committed on board 
American merchant vessels on the high sea? 

29. What is the tribunal for offences committed by civ- 
ilians on American ships of war? 

Seat of Government. 

30. Have the people of the District of Colombia a right 
to trial by jury? 

31. May Congress withdraw the privilege of habeas corpus 
from the people of the District of Columbia in time of peace? 

32. May Congress erect the District of Columbia into a 
territory? 

33. Is a divorce granted in the District of Columbia valid 
in Massachusetts? 

34. May Congress prohibit in the District of Columbia 
the sale of sweat shop goods made in a State? 

35. May Congress prohibit persons coming from Maryland 
to the District of Columbia? 

36. May an insurance company chartered in the District 
of Columbia claim a right to do business in Massachusetts? 



§ 247] CONSTITUTIONAL 419 

37. Are the authorities of the District of Columbia bound 
to extradite a criminal who has fled from Maryland? 

Posts and Public Buildings. 

38. What is the tribunal for offences committed in United 
States military posts? 

39. What is the tribunal for offences committed in United 
States public buildings? 

40. May Congress construct a public building in a State 
contrary to the will of that State? 

41. May Congress take private lands in States to be 
made into forest reserves? 

42. May States repeal their acts granting exclusive juris- 
diction to the United States over forts? 

43. May States tax buildings rented by the United States? 

Public Lands. 
44-. Are there any limitations on the right of the United 
States to dispose of public lands? 

45. May Congress recall a land grant once made? 

46. May Congress give land to aliens? 

47. May States tax the public lands within their limits? 

48. May the United States grant the right to cut timber 
on government lands for private purposes? 

49. May Congress annul land grants made in the Philip- 
pines by previous Spanish authority? 

50. May the United States lease ungranted lands in the 
Philippines in perpetuity? 

51. May Congress grant lands for purposes for which it 
could not grant money? 

52. May the States tax municipal parks? 

53. May the State tax Federal railroad land grants? 

Indians. 

54. May Congress grant Indian lands to white men with- 
out the consent of the Indians? 



420 LIBRARY REPORTS [§ 247 

55. Have Indians any rights which Congress is bound to 
respect? 

56. Can a crime committed by an Indian on an Indian on 
his reservation be punished by a United States court? 

57. May Indians be removed from their reservations with- 
out their consent? 

58. Ma}^ Congress by statute compel Indians to send 
their children to school? 

59. May a tribal Indian sue in a United States court? 

60. May a tribal Indian be tried for murder in a United 
States court? 

61. May an Indian tribe sue another Indian tribe in the 
United States courts? 

62. May an Indian tribe sue a State? 

Territorial Government. 

63. Is the Governor of Porto Rico an "officer of the 
United States" in the constitutional sense? 

64. May Congress adopt the laws of a State in toto for a 
territory? 

65. May Congress define the duties of a Governor of a 
territory? 

66. Can territorial officials be also officers of the United 
States? 

67. May an officer of the army be appointed Governor of 
a territory? 

68. May Congress tax the people of a territory? 

69. May the President establish a military government in 
conquered territory previous to cession? 

70. May the President establish a military government in 
annexed territory previous to action by Congress? 

71. May the President establish a civil government in 
conquered territory previous to cession? 

72. May the President establish a civil government in 
annexed territory previous to legislation by Congress? 



§ 247il CONSTITUTIONAL 421 

73. May Congress authorize the President to estabUsh a 
territorial government according to his discretion? 

74. Has the United States constitutional power to plant 
colonies? 

75. May Congress establish a permanent government in 
the Philippines, in which there shall be no trial by jury? 

76. May Congress create a territorial government for Porto 
Rico in which the governor shall have power to make laws? 

77. May the President provide a permanent civil govern- 
ment for the Philippines? 

78. May Congress create a permanent military govern- 
ment for Porto Rico? 

79. May Congress pass an export tax law applying to the 
Philippines? 

80. May Congress grant rights of self-government to a 
territory equivalent to those enjoyed by a State? 

81. May the United States place the Philippine Islands 
under the jurisdiction of the Indian Commissioners? 

82. Does the Constitution extend to the organized terri- 
tories? 

83. Are the people of conquered territory entitled to priv- 
ileges secured under the Constitution? 

Status of Dependencies. 

84. Is the Constitution the "supreme law of the land'! 
in Hawaii? 

85. May Congress establish a government lottery in Porto 
Rico? 

86. Had Congress power to prohibit slavery in the whole 
Louisiana cession? 

87. May Congress annul the charter of a corporation 
granted by a territorial legislature? 

88. May Congress constitutionally confiscate the property 
of a corporation in a territory? 

89. May Congress make sanitary regulations for the lepers 
in Hawaii? 



422 LIBRARY REPORTS [§247 

90. May Congress establish a government monopoly of 
selling tobacco in the Philippines? 

91. May Congress by statute compel the Porto Ricans to 
send their children to school? 

92. May Congress forbid cock-fighting in Porto Rico? 

93. May Congress prohibit the sale of liquor in a 
territory? 

94. May Congress charter a special bank to operate in 
Porto Rico? 

Trade op Dependencies. 

95. May the commanding general establish a special 
tariff for conquered territory previous to cession? 

96. May the commanding general establish a special 
tariff in conquered territory after cession? 

97. Does an annexed territory forthwith come under the 
general revenue laws? 

98. May Congress establish a special tariff for the 
Philippines? 

99. May Congress make a separate tariff for Alaska? 

100. May States tax goods imported from Porto Rico? 

101. May duties be laid on imports from the Philippines? 

102. May Congress prohibit the people of Hawaii from 
trading with foreign countries? 

103. May Congress prohibit trade Detween the Philip- 
pines and foreign nations? 

104. May foreign vessels carry goods from New York to 
Manila? 

105. May Congress prohibit commerce from Porto Rico 
to the Philippines? 

106. May Congress prohibit foreigners from emigrating to 
the Philippines while allowing it to the United States? 

107. May a State refuse to admit goods imported from 
Porto Rico? 



§ 248] CONSTITUTIONAL 423 

Taxation in Dependencies. 

108. May Congress lay a special license tax on merchants 
doing business in Manila? 

109. May the real estate in territories be taxed by a 
national statute? 

110. May Congress lay taxes in the States expressly to 
support the government of the Philippines? 

111. May Congress tax the Filipinos for the support of 
the national government? 

112. May Congress lay a poll tax on the Filipinos? 

§ 248. Constitutional Reports on Financial Questions (see 
Manual, §§ 220, 221, 222). 

Financial System. 

1. May Congress appropriate money for the bureaus in 
the Navy Department for more than two years? 

2. May Congress appropriate money for navy yards five 
years in advance? 

3. May the United States be compelled to carry out a 
five-year contract for supplying bread to the navy? 

4. Does unclaimed salary revert to the Treasury? 

5. May the United States lend its cash balances on 
interest? 

6. Can an accounting officer of the United States be com- 
pelled by a court to sign a warrant for the payment of 
money? 

7. Can a claim against the United States be collected? 

8. May Congress recall an appropriation for the relief of 
individuals, before it is paid over? 

9. Can the United States be compelled to pay the interest 
on its debts? 

10. Are there any limitations on the borrowing power of 
the United States? 



424 LIBRARY REPORTS [§ 248 

11. May Congress lower the rate of interest on govern- 
ment bonds before their maturity? 

12. May Congress vote money to sustain the credit of 
the New York Clearing House Association in times of 
financial panic? 

Relation with States. 

13. Has a State constitutional power to forbid the collec- 
tion within its limits of an unconstitutional tax? 

14. May States tax corporations created by the United 
States? 

15. May Congress return to the States money once col- 
lected from them in taxes? 

16. May a State tax the incomes of United States officials? 

17. May the States tax the income derived from govern- 
ment securities? 

18. If both the United States and a State tax the same 
property, which comes in first? 

19. May Congress distribute surplus revenue among the 
States? 

20. Was the Distribution Act of 1837 constitutional? 

21. Could the United States constitutionally assume the 
present State debts? 

22. May Congress tax the property of cities? 

23. May States pass acts punishing counterfeiting of 
United States securities? 

24. Is an inspection duty on meats for export an "export 
duty"? 

25. May Congress lay taxes in order to produce a surplus 
revenue to be distributed among the States? 

Principles op Taxation. 

26. Is there any limit on the purpose of taxation by the 
United States? 

27. Has the United States any exclusive power of taxa- 
tion? 



§ 248] CONSTITUTIONAL 425 

28. May Congress lay a tax on imports in order to raise 
money for subsidies to American vessels? 

29. May Congress levy a special tax on laborers to sup- 
port a Department of Labor? 

30. May Congress tax individual balances on deposit in 
banks? 

31. May Congress tax liquor dealers in States in which 
the sale of liquor is forbidden? 

32. May the United States tax oleomargarine on the 
ground that it is unheal thful? 

33. May the United States lay a tax on oleomargarine in 
order to protect the producers of butter? 

34. May Congress grant a bounty to producers of sweet 
potatoes? 

35. May Congress grant a bounty for the importation of 
tea? 

36. Was the sugar bounty of 1890 constitutional? 

Income and Legacy Taxes. 

37. Is an income tax a direct tax? 

38. May the United States lay a special tax on an income 
derived from foreign investments? 

39. May the United States tax the incomes of State 
cificials? 

40. May Congress lay a tax on the salaries of United 
States officials? 

41. May Congress lay a tax on incomes, not proportioned 
to representation in Congress? 

42. Was the income tax of 1894 constitutional? 

43. May Congress establish a graduated income tax — 
the gross amount to be divided among the States in propor- 
tion to their population? 

44. May the United States lay a tax on the incomes of 
institutions of learning, exempt by State law? 

45. May Congress tax incomes derived from land? 



426 LIBRARY REPORTS [§ 248 

46. Is a national income tax, graduated up to 100 X on 
the largest incomes, constitutional? 

47. May the United States tax legacies? 

48. May the United States lay a graduated tax on legacies? 

49. May the United States tax legacies to institutions 
which by State law are exempt from taxation? 

50. May the United States tax legacies to States? 

Tariff. 

51. May the United States forbid the importation of rice? 

52. May Congress exact a tariff for the sole purpose of 
protecting American industry? 

53. May Congress lay an import duty so high as to be 
prohibitory? 

54. May Congress make duties on imports from one 
country less than those on similar imports from another 
country? 

55. May Congress grant to individuals the privilege of 
importing goods free on which others pay duties? 

56. May Congress forbid the importation of coffee? 

57. May Congress permit naval officers to import goods 
for their own use free of duty? 

58. Do American ambassadors have the right to bring 
goods into the United States duty free? 

59. May Congress admit goods free of duty in American 
bottoms while charging duty on importations in foreign 
bottoms? 

60. May Congress lay a tariff proportionately lower on 
large quantities than on smaller quantities of the same 
commodity? 

61. May Congress grant to American merchants a lower 
rate of duty than is paid by alien merchants? 

62. May Congress remit duties on goods intended for a 
World's Fair? 

63. May Congress pass acts altering the duties on goods 
already imported and in bond? 



§ 248] CONSTITUTIONAL 427 

64. Can foreign built yachts, the property of American 
citizens, come into an American port without the payment 
of duty? 

65. May Congress lay duties on materials for State public 
buildings? 

66. May Congress give the President power to withdraw 
duties on imports? 

67. May a State tax imported goods? 

68. Is there a remedy if the collector assess an illegal 
rate of duty on imports? 

69. May Congress authorize the custom house to seize 
imported goods on payment of the declared value? 

70. May Congress require importers to declare the cost of 
manufacture of their goods? 

71. May goods once imported ancl duty paid be later 
seized for undervaluation? 

72. What is the legal force of "treasury regulations" on 
the tariff? 

73. Who decides whether the classification of goods for 
duty by a collector is correct? 

74. What is the remedy if the assessors classify imported 
goods in a manner not contemplated by the tariff act? 

75. Are import duties a lien on the goods on which they 
are assessed? 

76. May a tariff be altered by a treaty? 

Coinage and Currency. 

77. May the United States make its notes legal tender 
to individuals, but not legal tender to the government? 

78. May Congress make platinum coins legal tender? 

79. May Congress make the notes of national banks legal 
tender? 

80. May Congress make its bonds legal tender at par and 
accrued interest? 

81. May Congress issue legal tender notes for the retire- 
ment of interest-bearing bonds? 



428 LIBRARY REPORTS [§248 

82. May Congress "coin" paper-money? 

83. May Congress declare one hundred grains to be the 
weight of a ten-dollar gold piece? 

84. May Congress compel people to accept silver on con- 
tracts specifically calling for gold? 

85. Is the United States bound to redeem at full value 
coins reduced by ordinary abrasion? 

86. May Congress increase the legal weight of the silver 
dollar, and then refuse to receive the old dollars at their 
face value? 

87. May Congress provide for lending legal tender notes 
on real security? 

88. May Congress make silver bullion at its weight legal 
tender in payment of debts? 

89. Could Congress constitutionally create an artificial 
standard of values based on average prices of staple com- 
modities? 

Banks. 

90. Had the Confederation constitutional authority to 
charter the Bank of North America? 

91. Could the United States create a bank in which it 
was the sole stockholder? 

92. Were the bills of the first United States Bank bills 
of credit? 

93. Was the first United States Bank constitutional? 

94. Was the second United States Bank constitutional? 

95. Can the United States be compelled to redeem 
national bank notes? 

96. May Congress authorize banks of issue having no 
other security for notes than their own resources? 

97. May Congress charter a bank with authority to do 
business outside the United States? 

98. May Congress charter a bank which is to render no 
service to the government? 



§ 249j CONSTITUTIONAL 429 

99. May the United States give to national banks exclu- 
sive privileges of government deposits? 

100. May Congress establish a system of national banks 
which shall have a monopoly of the banking business? 

101. May Congress authorize banks to issue silver dollars? 

102. May a State create a bank of issue in which it is the 
sole stockholder? 

103. Could Congress prohibit the chartering of banks by 
States? 

104. May a State tax a national bank? 

105. May States tax national bank stock? 

106. May Congress prohibit the circulation of paper 
money other than national bank notes? 

107. Is the tax on State bank notes constitutional? 

108. May Congress prohibit State banks from discounting 
commercial paper? 

§ 249. Constitutional Reports on Commercial Questions (see 
Manual, §§119, 120, 143, 144, 161, 195, 224, 225, 296). 

Relation of States. 

1. May a State prohibit the importation of any foreign 
commodity? 

2. May a State forbid the sale of goods imported from a 
foreign country? 

3. May the States levy duties on vessels engaged in 
foreign commerce? 

4. May States regulate interstate commerce? 

5. May a State tax transportation corporations, chartered 
by the United States? 

6. May a State direct through interstate trains to stop at 
specified stations? 

7. May a State regulate the conditions of the passenger 
traffic to foreign countries? 



430 LIBRARY REPORTS [§249 

Degree of Regulation. 

8. May Congress prohibit all exportation of goods? 

9. May Congress assume a government monopoly of 
foreign trade? 

10. Is the slave trade piracy? 

1 1 . May Congress in time of peace forbid American vessels 
to leave port? 

12. Could the United States lay an embargo on shipping 
in specified ports while allowing trade from other ports? 

13. May Congress in time of peace exclude the merchant 
vessels of a particular nation from United States ports? 

14. May the United States blockade its own ports? 

15. May Congress prohibit the importation of liquors? 

16. May Congress regulate rates of freight to and from 
foreign countries? 

17. May the United States regulate commerce carried on 
wholly within the limits of a State? 

18. May Congress prohibit commerce from State to State? 

Immigration. 

19. May the United States prohibit immigration at speci- 
fied posts? 

20. May Congress forbid immigration from specified 
countries? 

21. May Congress prohibit the immigration of persons of 
a particular race? 

22. May Congress fix a property qualification for immi- 
grants? 

23. May Congress prohibit the immigration of persons not 
able to read and write? 

24. May Congress by statute limit to a fixed number the 
immigrants to be annually admitted? 

25. May Congress forbid the immigration of Hawaiians 
into California? 



§ 249] CONSTITUTIONAL 431 

26. May Congress prohibit the immigration of Filipinos 
into a State? 

27. Do the Chinese immigration laws apply to the Philip- 
pines? 

28. May Congress prohibit the emigration of American 
citizens? 

29. May Congress forbid persons to emigrate from the 
States to the Philippines? 

30. Have the States any power to prohibit people from 
leaving the State? 

31. May any State prohibit the immigration of foreign 
born persons coming from other states? 

32. Have the States any power to prevent immigrants 
from landing at a seaport? 

33. May a State pass an act similar to the Contract 
Labor Act? 

34. May a State prohibit convicts from coming in from 
abroad? 

35. May a State prohibit the immigration of persons un- 
able to care for themselves? 

Encouragement of Shipping. 

36. May Congress grant a bounty of ten dollars per ton 
displacement for the construction of private merchant 
steamers? 

37. Is a national bounty to fishermen constitutional? 

38. May Congress constitutionally pay a subsidy to a 
steamship line except for carrying the mails? 

39. May Congress pay a bounty per ton of goods carried 
to a foreign country by an American ship? 

40. May Congress pay a bounty to foreign ships for keep- 
ing up a service from San Francisco to the Philippines? 

41. May Congress pay a bounty to American lines for 
keeping up a service from New York to Hawaii? 



432 LIBRARY REPORTS [§249 

External Navigation. 

42. May Congress regulate the sanitary condition of for- 
eign vessels leaving United States ports? 

43. May Congress compel foreign ships to provide suit- 
able facilities for steerage passengers? 

44. May Congress regulate commerce through health laws? 
45 May Congress tax vessels to keep up a life-saving 

service? 

46. May Congress give American built ships a monopoly 
of importing goods? 

47. May Congress deprive an American ship of its registry 
as a penalty for smuggling? 

48. May Congress give to foreign owned vessels the privi- 
lege of American registry? 

49. Could the United States constitutionally prohibit the 
carrying of freight in steamers? 

50. May Congress provide that freight shall be exported 
only by regular lines of steamers, not by "tramps"? 

51. May Congress tax vessels for the support of a weather 
bureau? 

52. Could the United States establish mid-ocean stations 
for information and aid to vessels? 

53. Could the United States require that pilots submit to 
a civil service examination? 

54. May Congress grant to Spanish vessels privileges in 
Philippine ports not conferred on the ships of other powers? 

Internal Navigation. 

55. May Congress by law designate rivers as navigable? 

56. May the United States open a new channel for sea- 
going vessels without the consent of the State in which the 
channel lies? 

57. May the United States close a navigable river? 

58. May Congress appropriate public money to protect 
private property from the wash of rivers? 



§ 249] CONSTITUTIONAL 433 

59. May the Secretary of War authorize the turning of 
additional Lake Michigan water through the Calumet Canal? 

60. May Congress construct irrigating canals within the 
boundaries of States without their consent? 

61. Can Congress regulate navigation wholly within the 
boundary of a State? 

62. May Congress improve the navigation of a river 
wholly within a State against the will of the State? 

63. May Congress prohibit navigation on a navigable 
river? 

64. May Congress construct a canal outside United States 
territory? 

65. Was the Bonus Bill of 1816 constitutional? 

Railroads. 

66. May the United States construct and operate rail- 
roads? 

67. May Congress construct a railroad which lies wholly 
within one State? 

68. May the United States construct railroads to be 
leased to corporation for operation? 

69. May Congress provide by law for the purchase of a 
railroad for public use without the consent of the owners? 

70. May Congress charter railroads without the consent 
of the States through which they run? 

71. May Congress constitutionally prohibit pooling of 
railway earnings? 

72. May Congress prohibit the consolidation of steamship 
companies? 

73. May Congress regulate the wages of employees of 
railroad engaged in interstate commerce? 

74. May Congress by statute fix maximum rates for 
overland transportation to the Pacific coast? 

75. May Congress fix interstate rates on land-grant rail- 
roads? 



434 LIBRARY REPORTS [§ 249 

7G. May Congress regulate the operation of railroads? 

77. May Congress require railroads chartered by States to 
make returns to a national commission? 

78. Can the Interstate Commerce Commission compel 
testimony? 

79. May Congress by statute compel railroad managers to 
answer the questions put by a non- judicial commission? 

80. May Congress grant money subsidies to railroads 
chartered by a State? 

81. May Congress prohibit the consolidation of railroads? 

82. May Congress provide for the examination for color 
blindness of engineers on railroads? 

83. May Congress regulate the rate of speed of trains 
while passing through cities? 

84. May Congress regulate the management of sleeping 
cars? 

85. May Congress fix parlor-car rates of excess fare? 

86. May Congress prohibit the carrying of explosives on 
railroads? 

87. May Congress tax the rolling-stock of railroads? 

88. Ma-' Congress pass a general law regulating trolley 
lines? 

Transmission op Intelligence. 

89. Can the United States oblige anybody to carry mail? 

90. Could Congress provide for carrying mails free of 
postage? 

91. May the United States refuse to deliver letters to the 
persons addressed? 

92. Could Congress constitutionally have prohibited the 
carrying of abolition publications in the mails? 

93. May Congress by statute direct postmasters to deliver 
only such mail as is authorized by State statute? 

94. May the United States provide for the opening of 
letters in transit through the mails? 



§ 249] CONSTITUTIONAL 435 

95. May States establish monopolies of express business, 
within their limits? 

96. May Congress forbid express companies to carry 
packages weighing less than fom" pounds? 

97. May Congress forbid express companies to carry small 
packages to Porto Rico? 

98. May the United States set up a single telegraph com- 
bination and give it a monopoly of the business? 

99. Can Congress provide by law for purchasing existing 
telegraph lines, without the consent of the owners? 

100. May Congress make the telegraph business a govern- 
ment monopoly? 

101. May Congress fix the rates for telegrams? 

102. May Congress compel a telegraph company to fur- 
nish copies of telegrams to an investigating committee? 

103. May Congress take over and operate the telephone 
system on public account? 

104. May a State in any way tax a telegraph or express 
company doing interstate business? 

105. Could the United States constitutionally construct 
a submarine cable to Europe? 

106. May a State compel telegraph companies to furnish 
copies of telegrams as evidence in law suits? 

Corporations and Trusts. 

107. May Congress prohibit the organization of corpora- 
tions whose purpose is to monopolize some branch of trade? 

108. May Congress annul the charter of a corporation, 
created by it without reservation of the right to annul? 

109. Is the national anti-trust law of 1890 constitutional? 

110. Is the Elkins law constitutional? 

111. May Congress make the formation of a trust a 
criminal offence? 

112. May Congress require trusts to take out a Federal 
license as a condition of doing business? 



436 LIBRARY REPORTS [§249 

113. May Congress forbid manufacturers to combine in 
incorporated organizations? 

114. May Congress require trusts to publish detailed 
financial statements? 

115. May Congress provide that no tariff duties shall be 
collected on goods in which there is competition by trusts? 

Special Commercial Powers. 

116. May Congress regulate fire insurance? 

117. May Congress regulate life insurance? 

118. May Congress pass usury laws? 

119. May Congress provide for the granting of trade- 
marks? 

120. May Congress by statute provide that the govern- 
ment may use all inventions hereafter patented without 
payment to the inventors? 

121. May Congress grant to foreigners copyright privi- 
leges not enjoyed by citizens? 

122. May Congress require all seekers for copyright to 
give the government the right to reprint without payment 
for the convenience of government officers? 

123. May Congress grant perpetual copyrights? 

124. May Congress authorize copyright on musical sounds 
(i. e., give exclusive right to melodies or compositions)? 

125. May Congress pass a retroactive bankruptcy act? 

126. May Congress lay taxes on arid districts for the con- 
struction of irrigating canals? 

127. May Congress constitutionally construct a system of 
irrigating canals? 

128. May States pass bankruptcy acts affecting creditors 
outside the State? 

129. May Congress fix penalties for fraudulent bankrupt- 
cies applying to bankruptcies declared previous to the act? 

130. Could the United States take upon itself the monop- 
oly of manufacturing whiskey? 



§ 250] CONSTITUTIONAL 437 

131. Would a prohibition of the manufacture of oleomar- 
garine be constitutional? 

132. May Congress compel merchants to exhibit their 
books to census enumerators? 

133. May Congress by statute compel people to answer 
the questions of census takers as to their age? 

§ 250. Constitutional Reports on War Powers (see Manual, 
§§ 159, 185). 

Declaration of War. 

1. Can a President make war without a declaraton of war? 

2. May Congress by joint resolution direct the President 
to oppose by force the action of a foreign power? 

3. May the President in time of peace send troops out- 
side the borders of the United States? 

4. May the President authorize a ship of war to capture a 
foreign merchant ship in time of peace? 

5. May a United States naval vessel capture a neutral 
merchant ship in time of war, if bound to a neutral port? 

Militia. 

6. Are the States bound to furnish militia when called 
upon? 

7. Has a State a right to raise troops in time of war? 

8. Are militia in the service of the United States in any 
way subject to the authority of their Governor? 

9. May a President call out militia to invade a neighbor- 
ing country? 

10. May a State refuse to allow the militia of another 
State to enter its borders? 

11. May a militiaman resign while in actual service? 

Command. 

12. Are there any restrictions on the President's powers 
as Commander-in-Chief? 



438 LIBRARY REPORTS [§250 

13. May the President delegate his power of commander- 
in-chief? 

14. May Congress vest the command of the army in any 
other person than the President? 

15. Are West Point cadets officers of the United States? 

16. Has a Naval cadet a right to an appointment in the 
navy? 

17. May Congress by statute limit all appointments above 
second lieutenant to persons promoted from grade to grade? 

18. Is a military officer bound to obey every order of the 
President? 

Martial Law, 

19. May martial law be declared in parts of the country 
where there is no war? 

20. May Congress release soldiers from the jurisdiction of 
State courts in cases of alleged murder ? 

21. May a civilian be court martialed? 

22. What is the tribunal for a murder committed by a 
soldier in time of war? 

23. What is the tribunal for a murder committed by a 
soldier in the streets of New York in time of peace? 

24. Have the civil courts any jurisdiction after the decla- 
ration of martial law? 

Miscellaneous War Powers. 

25. May Congress establish factories of armor plate? 

26. May a State quarantine a United States naval vessel? 

27. Can the United States take merchant vessels into the 
navy without the consent of the owners? 

28. May the property of individuals be confiscated, as a 
war measure? 

29. May the United States seize private property of its 
citizens in time of war without later compensation? 

30. Can Congress constitutionally discontinue pensions 
once granted? 



§251] CONSTITUTIONAL 439 

31. May Congress constitutionally diminish pensions once 
granted? 

32. Would it be constitutional to pension self-supporting 
children of old soldiers? 

33. May the United States in time of war seize an enemy's 
goods on board a neutral vessel? 

§ 251. Constitutional Reports on Foreign Relations (see 

Manual, §§ 64-86, 121, 122, 145, 166-195, 226, 297). 

Representation. 

1. May Congress by joint resolution recognize th6 bellig- 
erency of insurgents in other countries? 

2. Has Congress a constitutional right to recognize the 
independence of a country? 

3. May the President appoint foreign envoys, without pro- 
vision by Congress for their salaries? 

4. May the President appoint military or naval officers as 
ministers to foreign countries? 

5. May an envoy of the United States be punished for 
revealing diplomatic secrets? 

6. Is an American citizen who acts as Consul for a for- 
eign power in the United States thereby relieved from the 
jurisdiction of our courts? 

7. Could the United States by statute agree to a perma- 
nent court of international arbitration? 

8. Is an ambassador bound to obey an order of the Sec- 
retary of State? 

9. May a foreign minister in Washington claim a personal 
conference with the President? 

Treaties. 

10. Has the Senate a right to be consulted before the 
beginning of a negotiation? 

11. May the President withdraw a treaty once sent to 
the Senate for ratification? 



440 LIBRARY REPORTS [§ 251 

12. May the President with the consent of two-thirds of 
the Senate declare a treaty abrogated? 

13. May the House of Representatives refuse appropria- 
tions necessary to carry out a treaty? 

14. May the House require the President to submit papers 
bearing on commercial treaties? 

15. May a treaty be superseded by a statute? 

16. May a statute be superseded by a treaty? 

17. May the Interstate Commerce Act be altered by a 
treaty? 

18. May Congress appropriate to other purposes sums 
awarded by arbitration in satisfaction of private claims? 

19. May a State be compelled to observe the provisions 
of a Federal treaty? 

20. May the United States by treaty abandon just claims 
of merchants against foreign governments, without com- 
pensation? 

21. May a treaty grant to a foreigner privileges not 
enjoyed by American citizens? 

Monroe Doctrine. 

22. Would a voluntary transfer of Cuba to France by the 
Cubans be a violation of the Monroe Doctrine? 

23. Does the Monroe Doctrine apply to the west coast of 
South America? 

24. Does the Monroe Doctrine apply to Patagonia? 

25. Does the Monroe Doctrine appl}^ to the West Indies? 

26. Would the cession of Dutch Guiana to England be a 
violation of the Monroe Doctrine? 

§ 252. Constitutional Reports on the General Welfare (see 
Manual, §§ 123, 124, 148, 228, 229). 

General Welfare. 
1. May Congress expend money for every purpose which 
is for the "general welfare"? 



§ 252] CONSTITUTIONAL 441 

2. May Congress charter a telephone company on the 
ground that it is for the general welfare? 

3. Is there constitutional ground for Hamilton's theory 
of "resulting powers"? 

4. Would the powers of Congress be diminished if the 
^'necessary and proper" clause were excised from the Con- 
stitution? 

5. Is Congress bound to exercise only such powers as 
were intended by the framers of the Constitution? 

6. May Congress impair the obligations of contracts? 

7. May Congress pass stay and tender acts? 

8. May Congress deprive persons of property without due 
process of law? 

Aid to the Distressed. 

9. May Congress grant money for the relief of distressed 
Americans abroad ? 

10. May Congress vote money as a gift to a foreigner 
resident abroad? 

11. May Congress vote grants of money to Russian 
refugees? 

12. May Congress vote money to Americans whose prop- 
erty has been destroyed by Boxers? 

13. May Congress constitutionally grant money for the 
aid of sufferers from grasshoppers? 

14. May Congress distribute flowering plants to private 
persons? 

15. May Congress appropriate money for the relief of 
destitute farmers? 

16. May Congress appropriate money for persons made 
destitute by fire or flood? 

17. May Congress constitutionally appropriate money to 
be spent in causing rain storms? 

18. May Congress distribute seeds to individuals? 



442 LIBRARY REPORTS [§ 252 

Public Morals. 

19. May Congress prohibit the manufacture of Uquor? 

20. May Congress prohibit the sale of liquor? 

21. May a State forbid the sale of liquor brought from 
another State? 

22. May a State forbid the sale of liquor imported from 
other States in original packages? 

23. May Congress establish a government monopoly of 
the liquor business in the District of Columbia? 

24. May Congress constitutionally forbid the transporta- 
tion of liquor from one State to another? 

25. May Congress grant money to establish model farms 
for the reception of people from city slums? 

26. May Congress prohibit the insertion of immoral ad- 
vertisements in newspapers? 

27. Is a State charter of a lottery company a contract? 

28. Could Congress authorize a lottery with the right to 
sell tickets in the States? 

29. May Congress by statute prohibit the use of tobacco? 

30. May Congress prohibit football? 

Labor. 

31. May Congress prescribe uniform hours of labor 
throughout the United States? 

32. May Congress prescribe a six-hour day on contract 
work for the government? 

33. May Congress constitutionally pass a general eight- 
hour law? 

34. May Congress enact an eight-hour day for all the rail- 
road men engaged in interstate commerce? 

35. May Congress prohibit laborers from entering the 
country on the ground that the}^ will accept wages lower 
than the Union scale? 

36. May Congress prescribe the minimum rate of wages 
which laborers shall accept? 



§ 252J CONSTITUTIONAL 443 

37. May Congress establish a judicial tribunal with power 
to decide cases arising between master and workman? 

38. May Congress require factory owners to compensate 
employees for injuries? 

39. May Congress direct that no government supplies be 
bought unless made by American citizens? 

Business. 

40. Might the United States assume the monopoly of 
manufacturing and selling liquors? 

41. Might Congress carry on gold-mining in Alaska as a 
government monopoly? 

42. May Congress regulate the manufacture of gunpowder 
as a monopoly? 

43. May Congress grant public lands for the endowment 
of private steel works? 

44. May Congress grant a bounty for the production of 
silver? 

45. May Congress establish government factories to manu- 
facture for the regular market? 

46. May Congress regulate the methods of mining copper? 

47. May Congress regulate the manufacture of cotton 
goods? 

Education. 

48. May the United States establish a national university 
supported by public taxation? 

49. May the United States appropriate money for the 
support of State universities? 

50. May the United States appropriate money for primary 
education in the States? 

51. May Congress construct buildings for State univer- 
sities? 

52. May the United States approi)riate money to support 
agricultural colleges in the States? 



444 LIBRARY REPORTS [§252 

53. Is the United States grant for experiment stations 
constitutional? 

54. May Congress pay the salaries of United States mili- 
tary officers wholly engaged in teaching the art of war in 
Yale University? 

55. May Congress by statute oblige a State to educate its 
children? 

56. May Congress grant pensions to authors in token of 
their literary distinctions? 

57. May Congress appropriate money for prizes to in- 
ventors? 

58. Is the charter of the American Historical Association 
a contract? 

59. May the United States erect model farms at the 
public expense? 

Religion. 

60. May Congress by statute forbid the religious service 
of a particular church? 

61. May Congress grant public land in aid of religious 
worship? 

62. Would an act that the Chaplains of the House and 
Senate be always members of the Episcopal Church be an 
"establishment of religion"? 

63. May Congress by statute direct that chaplains of the 
army shall be clergymen of a particular church? 

64. May a State restrict public officers to adherents of a 
particular religious body? 

65. May Congress appropriate money out of local taxes 
for the support of the Catholic Church in the Philippines? 

66. May Congress support the Catholic Chvu'ch in the 
Philippines out of the proceeds of local taxes laid on the 
people of the States? 

67. May Congress abolish the monastries in the Philip- 
pines? 



§ 252] CONSTITUTIONAL 445 

68. May Congress confiscate the property of a religious 
society? 

69. May Congress forbid the public services of the Mor- 
mon Church? 

70. May Congress appropriate money for the construction 
of churches in the District of Columbia? 

71. May any State in the Union support all the clergy of 
the state out of the proceeds of public taxes? 

(see Manual, §§ 229, 299). 

Resistance. 

72. Is the forcible taking of arms out of a United States 
arsenal an act of treason? 

73. Is it treason to muster men with a view to attack 
the United States? 

74. May Congress make conspiracy with no overt act a 
crime? 

75. Who decides whether or no there is "rebellion or in- 
vasion"? 

76. Is resistance to the revenue officers a levying of war 
on the United States? 

77. Is it treason to resist United States troops who are 
putting down a strike? 

78. Is the assassination of a President in time of war an 
act of treason? 

Means of Enforcement. 

79. May Congress prescribe in what part of the country 
the army shall be used? 

SO. May vessels of the United States Navy be used to 
keep order in case of rebellion or insurrection? 

81. May naval forces be used to put down a strike? 

82. May troops be used as a posse comitatus? 

83. May the President direct United States regular troops 
to enforce a State statute? 



446 LIBRARY REPORTS [§252 

84. May United States troops be used to execute the 
orders of a court? 

85. May martial law be now constitutionally declared in 
Manila? 

86. May the President in time of foreign war declare 
martial law at home? 

87. Can the United States protect foreigners from mob 
violence in the States? 

Penalties. 

88. May the President suppress an insurrection against 
State authority without the request of the State? 

89. May persons be tried by military commissions in dis- 
tricts far removed from the seat of war? 

90. May Congress confiscate the property of insurgents? 

91. May the United States legally confiscate property 
of persons who have not been in arms against the govern- 
ment? 

92. May Congress provide for the confiscation of the 
property of Filipino insurgents? 

93. May Congress disqualify insurgents or rebels from 
voting? 

94. May a United States court punish a man for con- 
tempt who has committed a crime defined by statute? 

95. Were the signers of secession ordinances of 1861 
thereby guilty of treason? 

§ 253. Methods of Library Reports on Slavery. 

Object. The purpose of this report is to make the 
student acquainted with slavery in actual practice, as a 
social and economic institution; and at the same time to 
make him familiar with the literature of the subject. 

Scope. Each student has assigned to him some phase 
or event in the history or workings of slavery; on this sub- 
ject he is to write a condensed narrative, freely introducing 
quotations from books or other authorities. 



§254] SLAVERY 447 

§ 254. Materials for Library Reports on Slavery. 

Methods. A careful use of classified library catalogues, 
of the indexes and tables of contents of books, and of the 
special chapters upon the subject in the standard histories 
is essential. Students who have family or other connec- 
tions in the South, or among old abolitionists, are also 
advised to write to people who are likely to have some per- 
sonal knowledge of the subject which they are studying, 
and to ask for information at first hand. All material ought 
to be classified and the results stated in a logical form. 

Authorities. Special bibliographies in A. B. Hart, 
Slavery and Abolition (Am. Nation, XXVI), ch. xxii; Guide, 
§§ 148, 152, 161, 186-189, 214; in Manual, §§28, 99, 100, 
150, 155, 286; Justin Winsor, Narrative and Critical His- 
tory of America, VII, 323-326; Marion G. McDougall, Fugi- 
tive Slaves; W. H. Siebert, Underground Railroad (consult 
all the footnotes to H. Von Hoist, Constitutional Hist.; 
J. F. Rhodes, Hist, of the U. S.; J. C. Hurd, Law of Freedom 
and Bondage; Mary G. Tremain, Slavery in tJi.e District of 
Columbia; Jeffrey R. Brackett, The Negro in Maryland; 
Mary E. Locke, Anti-Slavery in America; W. E. B. DuBois, 
Suppression of the African Slave Trade. 

The principal books describing slavery and the South in 
slavery times will be found in the college reserved libraries, 
with some duplicates in the Evans Library. The library of 
Radcliffe College has an excellent set of books of this kind. 
The Boston Public Library is also rich in slavery and anti- 
slavery literature. 

For students who desire to go very deeply into the sub- 
ject permission may, in some cases, be had to use the rare 
slavery tracts presented to the College library by Thomas 
W. Higginson and by Charles Sumner. 

The following list of subjects is meant to furnish opportu- 
nity for brief investigations of c^uestions of fact with refer- 
ence to the conditions and legal status of slavery, and of 



448 LIBRARY REPORTS [§254 

the anti-slavery and abolition movements. For the mate- 
rials on the subject, see Manual, § 253. 

§ 256. Reports on the Genesis of Slavery in America. 

English Slavery. 

1. Anglo-Saxon slavery. 

2. Chattel slavery in England after the Norman conquest. 

3. Villeinage in England. 

4. Instances of negro slaves in England prior to 1600. 

5. Sale of prisoners of war by the English as slaves for 
life in the seventeenth century. 

6. Englishmen held as galley slaves by the Spaniards. 

7. Englishmen held as slaves by the Barbary pirates. 

8. Cases of Englishmen kidnapped and sold as life slaves 
to a colony. 

9. Facts of the Somerset case (1727). 

10. Extent of the Somerset decision (1772). 

11. The case of the slave Grace. 

Colonial Slavery. 

12. Memorials of former slavery now existing in some one 
of the New England States (slave quarters, slave pews, 
buildings put up by slave labor, etc.). 

13. Existing memorials of slavery in some one of the 
Middle States. 

14. Instances of slaves in one of the following seven- 
teenth century colonies, no longer separately existing: 
(a) Plymouth. — (&) New Haven. — (c) West Jersey. 

15. Statute against slavery, and practice under it in: 
(a) Rhode Island. — (&) Massachusetts. 

16. Evidence that baptism was looked upon as setting 
slaves free. 

17. Colonial slavery in one of the following places: 
(o) Boston. — (b) Newport. — (c) Cambridge. — (rf) Ports- 



§255] SLAVERY 449 

mouth. — (e) Salem. — (/) New London. — (g) Providence. 

— (h) Bristol. — (0 Hartford. — (/) New Haven. — (k) 
New York. — (/) Burlington (N. J.). — (m) Albany. — (n) 
Philadelphia. — ■ (o) Lancaster. — (p) Williamsburg. — (q) 
Frederick (Va.). — (r) Charleston. — (s) Savannah. 

18. Existing memorials of slavery in some one of the 
following places: (a) Boston. — (b) Providence. — (c) New- 
port. — (d) New York. — (e) Philadelphia. — (/) Baltimore. 

— (g) Washington. 

19. Listances of Indian slaves in some one of the early 
colonies? 

20. Slave codes in some one of the thirteen English colo- 
nies on the Continent. 

21. Treatment of slaves in some one of the thirteen 
colonies. 

22. Listances of slaves in some one of the English con- 
tinental colonies: (a) Quebec. — (&) Nova Scotia. — (c) 
Cape Breton. — (d) East Florida. — (e) West Florida. — (/) 
Hudson Bay. 

23. Slave trade in the English West Indies. 

24. Literary career of Phillis Wheatley. 

25. Sale of slaves from the British West Indies to the 
British continental colonies. 

26. Colonial attempts to prohibit the slave-trade. 

27. White indentured servants in one of the English 
colonies. 

28. Instances of white people held as slaves by Indians. 

29. Instances of negro slaves held by Indians. 

30. Negro slavery in some one of the neighboring coun- 
tries: (a) Brazil. — (b) Hayti. — (c) Sandwich Islands. — 
(d) Cuba. — (e) Louisiana before 1803. — (/) French in the 
Northwest before 1778. — (g) Mexico. — (h) New Granada. 
— (i) Martinique. — (/) Barbadoes. — (k) Jamaica. — (Z) 
St. Kitts. — (m) Trinidad. — (n) Dutch Guiana. 



450 LIBRARY REPORTS [§ 256 

§ 266. Reports on the Master Race. 

Social Status of Slave-holders. 

1. Average number of slaves to an owner. 

2. Instances of very large slave-holders. 

3. Instances of owners of a single slave. 

4. Instances showing the social prestige of slave-holding 
in the United States. 

5. Migrations of planter.? with their slaves. 

6. Absenteeism of Southern planters. 

7. Instances of slave-holders who became anti-slavery 
men. 

8. Instances of cruel slave-holders. 

9. Representation of slave property in the apportion- 
ment for Southern legislatures. 

Types of Slave-holders. 

10. Instances of Northern-born slave-holders. 

11. Instances of slave-holding Quakers. 

12. Instances of foreign-born slave-holders. 

13. Instances of slaves owned ]:)y lawyers. 

14. Instances of slaves owned by doctors. 

15. Instances of slaves owned by college professors. 

16. Instances of slaves owned by ministers. 

17. Instances of slaves held as a source of income by 
philanthropic societies. 

18. Instances of slaves held as an investment and hired 
out. 

19. Instances of slaves owned by railroads. 

20. An account of the worst slave-holder ti-»at you can 
find. 

21. An account of the best slave-holder that you can find. 

22. The management of his plantation and slaves by 
some one of the following slave-holders: (a) George Wash- 
ington. — (6) Thomas Jefferson. — (c) James Madison. — 



§257] SLAVERY 451 

(d) James Monroe. — (e) Andrew Jackson. — (/) James K. 
Polk. — (g) John Tyler. — (h) Zachary Taylor.. 

23. Management of his plantation and slaves by some 
one of the following slave-holders: (a) Patrick Henry. — 
(b) Charles Carroll. — (c) John Randolph. — (d) J. C. Cal- 
houn. — (e) Henry Clay. — (/) Robert Toombs. — (g) Jef- 
ferson Davis, — (h) A. H. Stephens. 

Middle Class. 

24. Charleston merchants. 

25. Agents of foreign concerns in New Orleans. 

26. Professional men, not slave-holders in the South. 

27. Store-keepers in the South before the war. 

28. Travelling salesmen in the South before 1861. 

29. Northern men as college presidents in the South. 

Poor Whites. 

30. Effect of slavery on the poor whites. 

31. Contemporary accounts of the poor whites. 

32. Instances of poor whites who became large slave- 
holders. 

33. Why were there so few slave-holders in the Tennesee 
mountains? 

34. Feeling of the poor whites toward their slave-holding 
neighbors. 

35. Instances of hired white laborers on slave plantations. 

36. White factory hands before 1861. 

37. Instances of Northern men used as overseers. 

38. Extracts showing Southern opinion of overseers. 

§ 257. Reports on Free Negroes. 

Social Status of Free Negroes. 

1. Instances of prosperous freed slaves. 

2. Instances of contented free negroes in the South. 



452 LIBRARY REPORTS [§ 257 

3. Instances of trusted and honored free negroes in the 
South. 

4. Instances of unhappy free negroes in the South. 

5. Were the free negroes in slavery times a criminal 
class? 

6. Status of free negroes who were married to slaves. 

7. Negroes in the New-York draft riots. 

8. Is the field negro to-day better off than in slavery 
times? 

9. Free negroes in some one Northern state. 

Status of Free Negroes as to Citizenship. 

10. Legal status of free negroes in some one of the fifteen 
slave-holding States. 

11. "Black laws" in one of the following States: (a) 
Illinois. — (6) Ohio. — (c) Indiana. — (d) Pennsylvania. 

12. Treatment of negro convicts in slavery times. 

13. Laws relating to negro testimony. 

14. Instances of naturalization of negroes before 1861. 

15. Instances of negroes voting in Northern States before 
1861. 

16. Instances of negroes voting in Southern States before 
1867. 

17. Status of free negroes who went to foreign countries 

Banishment. 

18. Laws requiring manumitted slaves to leave the State. 

19. Instances of forced removals of manumitted slaves. 

20. Statutes of free States prohibiting the entrance of 
free negroes. 

21. Southern laws forbidding free negroes from entering a 
State. 

22. Slaves set free by Southern courts because once taken 
by their masters to free States. 



§257] SLAVERY 453 

Negro Soldiers. 

23. Free negroes as soldiers in one of the following epochs: 
(a) Intercolonial wars, 1689-1763. — (b) Revolution. — (c) 
War of 1S12. — (d) Mexican War. — (e) Indian Wars (1789- 
1861). 

24. Negroes enlisted in the Confederate forces. 

25. Free negroes as enlisted sailors in one of the follow- 
ing epochs: (a) Intercolonial wars. — (b) Revolution. — 
(c) War of 1812. — (d) Mexican War. 

26. Slaves in one of the thirteen States as soldiers during 
the Revolution. 

27. Negroes in Massachusetts regiments during the Civil 
War. 

28. Jackson's proclamation to free negroes. 

Negro and Indian Slave-holders. 

29. Fugitive slaves harbored by Indians. 

30. Instances of Indians holding slaves in the Northwest. 

31. Slaves of the Seminoles. 

32. Instances of slaves held by Indians in the Southwest. 

33. Instances of slaves held by Indians in the far West. 

34. Negro slave-holders. 

35. Families releasing the slaves of their negro fathers. 

Negro Colonies. 

36. An account of the American Colonization Society. 

37. Contemporary feeling in regard to the founding of 
the American Colonization Society. 

38. Number of negroes sent to Africa for colonization, 
1815-1861. 

39. Account of experiences of a party of colonists in 
Liberia. 

40. Instances of slaves deported to Africa, after manu- 
mission. 



454 LIBRARY REPORTS [§ 257 

41. Contemporary accounts of Liberia. 

4?. Benjamin Lundy's attempted colony in Hayti. 

43. Benjamin Lundy's plans for negro colonies in Texas. 

44. Lundy's plans for negro colonization. 

45. Work of the American Colonizing Society since 1865. 

46. Instances of free negroes kidnapped into slavery in 
one of the following States: (a) New York. — (6) Penn- 
sylvania. — (c) Ohio. — (d) Indiana. — (e) Illinois. 

47. Measures taken by the State authorities in relation 
to the abduction of slaves in New York, 1864-1865. 

Enslavement of Free Persons. 

48. Cases of sale of negroes for jail fees in the District of 
Columbia. 

49. Re-enslavement of the North Carolina slaves in 1798. 

50. Free negroes sold into slavery in the slave States for 
jail fees. 

51. Instances of free negroes sold into slavery as a pen- 
alty for crime. 

52. Instances of free negroes sold into slavery as vagrants. 

53. Why did the number of free negroes diminish in the 
Gulf States? 

54. Case of enslavement of the white immigrants. 

§ 258. Reports on Property in Slaves. 

Private Ownership, 

1. Instances of the giving of slaves as presents. 

2. Instances of a man owning his brother. 

3. Instances of joint ownership of a slave. 

4. Slaves held by officials in government posts, light- 
houses, etc. 

5. Slaves held by officers on board United States men- 
of-war. 

6. Slaves held by corporations. 

7. Were slaves legally real estate or chattels? 



§258] SLAVERY 455 

Public Ownership. 

8. Southern State taxes on slaves. 

9. Instances of slaves taken by the State and sold for 
taxes. 

10. Federal taxes on slaves. 

11. Slaves taken by the Federal government in execution. 

12. Instances of slaves held as the property of a State. 

13. Instances of slaves owned by a municipality or 
county government. 

14. Instances of escheat of slaves. 

15. Slaves hiring their own time. 

16. Hiring out slaves by their masters to other masters. 

Slaves Buying their Freedom. 

17. Slaves buying their freedom in instalments. 

18. Free negroes buying slave kindred. 

19. Instances of fathers buying their own children to 
free them. 

20. Instances of negroes owning their own families. 

21. Instances of refusal of masters to allow a slave to 
buy himself. 

Sale of Slaves. 

22. Southern opinion of slave dealers. 

23. Advertisements of slave dealers. 

24. System of slave pens or barracoons in American 
cities. 

- 25. Advertisements of slave auctions. 

26. Instances of the separation of families by sale. 

27. Methods and places in which slaves were sold in some 
one of the large cities. 

28. Private sales of slaves. 

29. Sale of surplus slaves by border States to cotton 
States. 



456 LIBRARY REPORTS [§258 

30. Slave market and auctions in Northern States. 

31. Slaves sold on execution. 

32. Sales of infants away from their mothers. 

33. Copies of bills of sale for slaves. 

Property. 

34. Instances of slaves purchased to set them free. 

35. Sale of slaves for intractableness. 

36. Sale of slaves in division of inherited property. 

37. Sale of slave as a punishment. 

38. Sale of slave to pay debts. 

39. Slaves turned over to pay gambling debts. 

40. Instance of a master selling his own children. 

41. Usual prices of slaves in one of the following periods: 
(a) 1619-1689. — (b) 1689-1775. — (c) 1775-1800. — (d) 
1800-1830. — (e) 1830-1840. — (/) 1840-1850. — (g) 1850- 
1860. 

42. Very high prices of slaves. 

43. Very low prices of slaves. 

44. Sale of aged and sick slaves to avoid care. 

45. Buying in of slaves by kind-hearted neighbors of 
of the family. 

46. Slave auction in fiction. 

Manumission, 

47. Instances of slave manumission in some one of the 
thirteen colonies. 

48. Slaves who expressed a desire to be free. 

49. Instances of manumission for public services. 

50. Manumission of John Randolph's slaves. 

51. Manumission by will. 

52. Manumission, other than by will. 

53. Instances of refusals to accept freedom. 

54. Methods and practice of manumission in some one 
of the fifteen slave States. 



§259] SLAVERY 457 

55. Manumission of Washington's slaves. 

56. The Custis slaves. 

57. Legal process of manumission. 

58. Instances of manumitted slaves seeking to return to 
slavery. 

§ 259. Reports on Slave Life. 

Number op Slaves. 

1. Proportion of slaves in some one of the fifteen slave 
States, compared with the total population, 1790-1860. 

2. Why did the slave States grow more slowly than the 
free States? 

3. Probable proportion of African born slaves in 1866. 

4. Local areas of very large proportion of slaves. 

5. Proportion of slaves, of free negroes, and of total 
negroes to the total population of the slave-holding States 
taken together, 1790-1860. 

6. Effect of the western movement on the proportion of 
slaves in the coast States. 

Negro Races in Slavery. 

7. Different African races in America. 

8. The Guinea negro. 

9. Instances of native Africans in the South after 1840. 

10. Instances of slaves having some Indian blood. 

11. Instances of slaves who were almost white. 

12. The copper-colored negro. 

13. Arabs in slavery in America. 

Good Traits of Slave Character. 

14. Highly gifted slaves. 

15. Instances of highly trusted slaves. 

16. The most notable act of heroism by a slave of which 
record can be found. 

17. Negroes in charge of white children. 



458 LIBRARY REPORTS [§259 

18. Slaves as foster brothers of whites. 

19. Attachment of slaves to whites. 

20. Instance of petted slaves. 

21. Instances of faithfulness of slaves. 

22. Instances of provident slaves. 

23. Slaves taken into family councils. 

24. Slaves trusted as overseers. 

25. Instances of warm attachment between master and 
slaves. 

Bad Traits of Slave Character. 

26. Negro improvidence. 

27. Instance of discontented slaves. 

28. Negro dullness. 

29. Improvidence and wastefulness of slaves. 

30. Instances of slaves unfaithful to their masters during 
the Civil War. 

31. Slaves' dishonesty. 

32. Instances of bad-tempered slaves. 

33. Murders committed by slaves on each other. 

34. Murder of white people by slaves. 

35. Arson by slaves. 

Intellectual Life of Negroes. 

36. Veritable instances of negro dialect in slavery times. 

37. Instances of highly educated slaves. 

38. Instances of slaves who could write. 

39. Letters written by slaves. 

40. Literary work of slaves and ex-slaves. 

41. Instances of slaves who had travelled abroad. 

42. Instances of very musical slaves. 

43. Negro character as illustrated by some one of the 
following persons: (a) Phillis Wheatley. — (b) Sojourner 
Truth. — (c) Frederick Douglass. — (d) Henry Box Brown. 

44. Slave traits in Joel Chandler Harris' stories. 



§259] SLAVERY 459 

Religious Life of Slaves. 

45. Slaves in Boston church organizations. 

46. ReHgious meetings of slaves in the South. 

47. Negro churches. 

48. Slave preachers. 

49. Attitude of planters to slave religious meetings. 

50. Laws in relation to religious instruction of slaves. 

51. Instances of very religious slaves. 

52. "The Power" among slaves. 

Surroundings of Slaves. 

53. Names of slaves. 

54. Ordinary dress of slaves. 

55. Slave cabins. 

56. Instances of remarkably handsome slaves. 

57. Instances of remarkably unattractive slaves. 

58. Negro life in cities in slavery times. 

59. Housing of house servants. 

60. Clothing of house servants. 

Slave Family Life. 

61. Slave marriages. 

62. Instances of elaborate slave weddings. 

63. Slave divorce. 

64. Instances of slave-breeding establishments. 

65. Raising slave children on large plantations. 

66. Instances of very aged slaves. 

67. Accounts of the death-beds of slaves. 

68. Slave funerals. 

69. Treatment of worn-out slaves in the South. 

70. Plantation hospitals. 

71. Accounts of the death and burial customs of slaves. 

72. Slave diseases. 

73. Mortality among slaves. 

74. Slave insanity. 



460 LIBRARY REPORTS [§259 

Slave Recreations. 

75. Special slave festivals in New England in slavery 
times. 

76. Slave festivals in the Southern States after the 
Revolution. 

77. 'Possum and coon hunts by slaves. 

78. Instances of slaves visiting each other. 

79. Slave holidays. 

80. Sundays on the plantation. 

81. Music among slaves. 

82. Unlawful assemblage of slaves. 

83. Slaves as athletes. 

84. Christmas on a plantation. 

85. Gifts by masters to slaves. 

Rights of Slaves. • 

86. Could slaves hold property? 

87. Did slaves have a right to sue? 

88. Unlawful religious instruction of slaves. 

89. Unlawful trading with slaves. 

90. Legal regulations in protection of slaves. 

91. Trials for the murder of slaves. 

92. Trials for the abuse of slaves. 

93. Laws as to Sunday labor. 

94. Laws as to the food of slaves. 

§ 260. Reports on Control of Slaves. 

Treatment of Slaves. 

1. Disagreeable incidents of slave life in some one of the 
slave States. 

2. Bright side of slavery in some one of the slave States. 

3. Instances of friendly relations between masters and 
slaves in some one of the slave States. 



§260] SLAVERY 461 

4. Slavery in the border States, compared with slavery in 
the Gulf States. 

5. Management of large slave plantations in some one of 
the slave States. 

6. Cruel treatment of slaves in some one of the slave 
States. 

7. Reminiscences of slavery by ex-slaves still living. 

8. Reminiscences of slavery by white people still living. 

9. Southern opinions that the slaves were ill-treated. 

10. Instances of colonial slaves worked in large gangs in 
one of the following northern colonies: (a) New York. — 
(b) Rhode Island. — (c) Pennsylvania. — (d) New Jersey. 

Employment of Slaves. 

11. Slave life on some one of the following kinds of 
plantation: (a) Sugar plantation. — (h) Cotton plantation, 

— (c) Rice plantation. — (d) Tobacco plantation. 

12. Slaves employed in one of the following callings: 
(a) Cooks. — (6) Turpentine makers. — (c) Coachmen. — 
(d) Servants in hotels. — (c) House servants. — (/) Miners. — 
(g) Fishermen. — (h) Roustabouts. 

13. Status of house slaves. 

14. Instances of slaves used in factories. 

15. Instances of slaves serving as sailors. 

Tasks of Slaves. 

16. Slaves employed at one of the following trades: (a) 
Ship carpenters. — (b) Masons. — (c) House carpenters. — 
(d) Machinists. — (e) Stationary engineers. — (/) Foremen. 

— (g) Plasterers. — (h) Blacksmiths. 

17. Usual daily tasks of slaves. 

18. How much work did negroes perform in comparison 
with white men? 

19. Negro slave-drivers. 

20. Overworked slaves. 



4G2 LIBRARY REPORTS [§260 

21. Hours of labor for slaves. 

22. Cases of slaves worked to death. 

23. Instances of slaves worked on Sunday. 

24. Instances of easy tasks. 

Punishment of Slave Offences. 

25. Instances of judicial trial of slaves. 

26. System of sending slaves to the calaboose to be 
whipped in behalf of the owners. 

27. Usual punishments of slaves. 

28. Unusual punishments of slaves. 

29. Instances of killing of slaves by masters. 

30. The Slave Code of some one of the slave States. 

31. Lynchings of slaves. 

32. Instances of slaves burned for crimes or offences in 
New England. 

33. Instances of judicial burning of slaves in the South. 

34. Instances of special tribunals for the trial of slaves. 

35. Special tribunals for offences by free negroes in the 
slave-holding States. 

36. Instances of compensation to masters for execution 
of slaves. 

37. Theft by slaves. ' 

38. The patrol systems in some one of the slave States. 

39. Passes for slaves. 

40. Treatment of the negroes in the Southern peniten- 
tiaries in slavery times. 

Slave Insurrections. 

41. An account of one of the following slave insurrec- 
tions; (a) Northern Neck, 1687. — (6) Negro Plot of 
1712. — (c) New York, 1741.— (c?) Gabriel, 1800. — (e) 
Denmark Vesey, 1822.— (/) Nat Turner, 1831.— (g) John 
Jude Brown (1859). 

42. Slave insurrections in some one of the English colonies. 



§261] SLAVERY 463 

43. Southern fears of insurrections of slaves. 

44. Contemporary accounts of the Nat Turner insurrec- 
tion. 

45. Southern references to Nat Turner insurrection after 
1835. 

46. Were the abohtionists responsible for the Nat Turner 
Insurrection? 

47. Minor slave risings (1832-1858). 

48. Number of slaves engaged in the Negro Plots of 1712 
and 1741 in New York. 

49. How far were white persons accomplices in the Negro 
Plot of 1741? 

50. Slave uprisings on shipboard. 

Offences against Slavery. 

51. Cases of "slave-stealing" in the South. 

52. Instances of slaves stolen to be sold with the slave's 
connivance. 

53. Laws forbidding the teaching of slaves to read. 

54. Prosecutions of whites for unlawfully assembling with 
slaves. 

55. Legal penalties for circulating abolition literature. 

56. Legal penalties for denying the validity of slavery. 

57. Trading with slaves and its penalties. 

58. Prosecution of whites for teaching negroes. 

59. Instances of slaves taught to read by the master's 
family. 

§ 261. Reports on Fugitive Slaves. 

1. Usual reasons for running away, 

2. Usual means of escape. 

3. Habitual runaway slaves. 

4. Advertisements of runaway slaves. 

5. Instances of runaway slaves personating white people. 

6. Slaves protecting runaways. 



464 LIBRARY REPORTS [§261 

7. Masters killed by slaves while escaping. 

8. Instances of professional slave-catchers. 

9. Instances of the use of dogs in pursuing runaway 
slaves. 

10. Instances of slaves escaping during Sherman's March 
to the Sea, 

Runaway Slaves. 

11. The most interesting account of an escape written 
by (or for) a fugitive. 

12. Persons who made it a habit to aid fugitives to escape. 

13. Punishments of returned runaways. 

Fugitive Slaves. 

14. Estimates of aggregate escapes of fugitives: (a) From 
1793 to 1850. — (b) From 1850 to 1860. 

15. Fugitive slaves on the platform of conventions. 

16. Contemporary accounts of fugitives crossing the Ohio 
River. 

17. Instances of fugitives protected by United States 
military officers, 1861-1865. 

18. Fugitive slaves in some one of the following Northern 
cities: (a) Boston. — (h) New York. — (c) Syracuse. — 
(d) Philadelphia. — (e) St. Louis. — (/) Chicago. — (g) Cin- 
cinnati. — (h) Oberlin. — (i) Columbus. — (j) Buffalo. — 
(k) Pittsburg. 

19. Instances of fugitive slaves in some one of the North- 
ern States. 

20. Underground railroad in some one of the Northern 
States. 

Noted Fugitive Cases. 

21. Account of one of the following escapes: (a) Fred- 
erick Douglass. — (h) Crafts. — (c) Box Brown. — (d) Wal- 
ker. — (e) Thompson. — (/) Still family. 

22. A typical case of a fugitive slave returned by judicial 
process. 



§ 261] SLA VERY 465 

23. Fugitive slave cases in some one of the Northern free 
States. 

24. Attitude of one of the following public men on fugi- 
tive slaves: (a) Salmon P. Chase. — (b) Richard H.Dana. 

— (c) Daniel Webster. — (d) Charles Sumner. — (c) Lewis 
Cass. 

25. Some one of the following fugitive slave cases: (a) 
Gorsuch. — (5) Ottoman. — (c) Drayton. — (d) Anderson. 

26. Trial of rescuers in one of the following cases: (a) 
McHenry. — (6) Van Zandt. — (c) Burns. — (d) Shadrach. 

— (e) Oberlin- Wellington. — (/) Pearl. — (g) Walker. — (h) 
Hanway. 

27. Inside history of some one of the following fugitive 
slave incidents: (a) Burns. — (6) Shadrach. — (c) Chris- 
tiana. — - (d) Garner. 

28. Incidents of some one of the following rescues of 
fugitive slaves: (a) Thompson. — (h) Latimer. — (c) Van 
Zandt. — (d) Sims. — (e) Burns. — (/) Shadrach. — (g) 
Oberlin- Wellington. — (h) Jerry Loguen. — ({) Christiana. 

— 0") Chickasaw. — (k) Philadelphia, 1838. — (/) Glover. 

29. Fugitive slaves sent across the St. Lawrence. 

30. John Brown's aid to fugitives in Missouri. 

Life of Escaped Slaves. 

3L Fugitives living in the neighborhood of some one of 
the following places: (a) Boston. — (5) Philadelphia. — 
(c) Oberlin. — (d) Cincinnati. — (e) Christiana. — (/) Detroit. 

32. Estimates of number of fugitive slaves resident in: 
(a) Massachusetts. — (b) Pennsylvania. — (c) Ohio. — (d) 
New York. — (e) Illinois. 

33. Instances of escaped slaves voluntarily returning to 
slavery. 

34. Fugitive slaves in Canada. 

35. The Dismal Swamp settlement. 



466 LIBRARY REPORTS [§262 

§ 262. Reports on the National Status of Slavery. 

Anti-Slavery in Congress. 

1. Criticism of slavery in Congress: (a) From 1775 to 
1788. — (5) From 1789 to 1808. — (c) From 1808 to 1831. — 
id) From 1831 to 1837. — (e) From 1837 to 1843. — (/) 
From 1843 to 1846. — {g) From 1846 to 1853. — Qi) From 
1853 to 1857. — (0 From 1857 to 1860. — (/) From 1860 to 
1862. — (A;) From 1862 to 1864. 

2. Contemporary criticisms of one of the following states- 
men by abolitionists: (a) S. A. Douglas. — (6) Franklin 
Pierce. — (c) Jefferson Davis (to 1860). — {d) James Bu- 
chanan. — (c) Roger B. Taney. — (/) Lewis Cass. — {g) 
Millard Fillmore. 

3. Anti-slavery attacks in Congress by: (a) J. R. Gid- 
dings. — (6) William Slade. — (c) Owen Lovejoy. — {d) 
John P. Hale. — (e) Ben Wade. — (/) Charles Sumner. 

Territorial Slavery. 

4. Had Congress power to prohibit slavery in the whole 
Louisiana cession? 

5. The Indiana petitions for the establishment of slavery, 
1802-1816. 

6. Status of the slaves in Missouri before the admission 
of the State. 

7. Declaration that Texas should be annexed for the 
benefit of slavery. 

8. The effect of Mexican laws on slaves in Texas prior to 
1836. 

9. The clearest contemporary statement of the advan- 
tages to slavery from the annexation of Texas. 

10. Was slavery legal in Utah in 1849? 

11. Instances of slaves in Utah. 

12. Instances of slaves in California. 

13. Abolitionist criticisms of the 7th of March speech. 



§ 262] SLAVERY 467 

14. Actual conditions of slavery in New Mexico, 1850- 
1861. 

15. Jefferson Davis's argument that Congress must affirm- 
atively protect slavery in the territories. 

16. Opinion on territorial slavery of one of the following 
statesmen: (a) J. C. Calhoun. — (5) Henry Clay. — (c) 
Zachary Taylor. — (d) S. P. Chase. — (e) Charles Sumner. 
— (/) W. H. Seward. — (g) S. A. Douglas. — (h) A. H. 
Stephens. — (0 B. F. Wade. — (/) J. P. Hale. 

17. Contemporary defence of popular sovereignty. 

18. Origin of the idea of popular sovereignty. 

Kansas Episode. 

19. Contemporary expressions of opinion in Missouri on 
the Kansas-Nebraska Act. 

20. Southern criticisms on the Kansas-Nebraska Act. 

21. Contemporary criticism of Douglas's arguments on the 
Kansas-Nebraska bill. 

22. Southern arguments for the Kansas-Nebraska Act. 

23. Contemporary defences of the "Border-Ruffian" 
movement. 

24. Motives of the New England Aid Society. 

25. Organizations for pro-slavery emigration to Kansas. 

26. Overland emigrations to Kansas. 

27. Account of a meeting to protest against the Kansas- 
Nebraska bill. 

28. Contemporary accounts of the first Kansas territorial 
legislature. 

29. Instances of slaves held in Kansas. 

30. Instances of slaves freed by force in Missouri to 1861. 

31. An account of the Kansas investigating committee of 
1856. 

32. Question of slavery in the debate on Dunn's bill, 1856. 

33. Loss of life on each side in the Kansas civil war. 

34. Account of the Kansas admission act, secured in 1861. 



468 LIBRARY REPORTS [§262 

Free Speech, Press, and Mails. 

35. Contemporary accounts of the "Memorable Seces- 
sion" of 1837. 

36. Contemporary criticism of the gag-resolutions. 

37. John C. Calhoun on the anti-slavery petitions. 

38. Censure of John Quincy Adams in 1837. 

39. Censure of John Quincy Adams in 1842. 

40. Censure of Joshua R. Giddings in 1842. 

41. Defences of the attack of Preston Brooks on Charles 
Sumner. 

42. Stopping Clement C. Clay's abolition paper in Ken- 
tucky. 

43. Contemporary accounts of the seizure of mails in 
Charleston, 1835. 

44. Character of the mails stopped in Charleston about 
1835. 

45. Contemporary constitutional arguments on the aboli- 
tion mail question. 

46. Attitude of Jackson on the abolition mails. 

Negro Citizenship and Dred Scott Decision. 

47. Life and character of Dred Scott (not including trial). 

48. Did the framers of the Constitution mean that a 
negro might be a citizen of the United States? 

49. Anti-slavery arguments before the Supreme Court, 
1829-1861. 

50. Discussions of slavery in the Supreme Court before 
the Dred Scott case. 

51. Decisions of the Supreme Court involving slavery 
before 1857. 

52. Inner history of the Dred Scott case. 

53. Lincoln's view of the Dred Scott decision. 

54. Contemporary expressions of approval of the Dred 
Scott decision. 



§263] SLAVERY 469 

55. Defences of the Dred Scott decision by the judges. 

56. Contemporary unfavorable criticisms of the Dred 
Scott decision. 

57. Contemporary Northern approval of Dred Scott 
decision. 

58. Supreme Court cases involving slavery, 1S58-1865. 

§ 263. Reports on the Interstate Status of Slavery, 

Interstate Slave-trade. 

1. Domestic slave-trade by the Mississippi River. 

2. Contemporary accounts of the slave-trade from one 
United States port to another. 

3. Domestic slave-trade overland (not by sea or rivers). 

4. Interstate slave-trade by the Ohio River. 

5. Interstate slave-trade by sea. 

6. State laws prohibiting interstate slave-trade. 

7. Statistics of slave exportations from the slave-breeding 
States. 

Questions of Residence. 

8. Effect of residence of slaves in free States. 

9. Masters "sojourning" with their slaves in free States. 

10. Instances of slaves held in free States by temporary 
Southern visitors. 

11. Slaves released in transit through free States. 

12. The Passmore Williamson case. 

13. The negro seaman controversy. 

14. The Samuel Hoar mission to Charleston. 

15. Contemporary criticisms of the South Carolina negro 
seaman act. 

Fugitive Slave Laws. 

16. Southern State fugitive slave laws. 

17. Violations of the fugitive slave law of 1793. 

18. Anti-slavery criticisms of the fugitive slave law of 
1793. 



470 LIBRARY REPORTS [§ 263 

19. Contemporary Southern opinions of the fugitive slave 
act of 1850. 

20. Anti-slavery objection to the fugitive slave act of 1850. 

21. Northern state fugitive slave laws in aid of the slave- 
holder. 

22. Were alleged fugitives constitutionally entitled to a 
trial by jury? 

23. Act repealing fugitive slave law in 1864. 

24. Inner history of the case of Ableman ?'. Booth. 

25. Appeal of the Ableman v. Booth case. 

26. Agitation in some one of the free States against the 
fugitive slave law. 

27. Discontinuance of the prosecution of the Oberlin- 
Wellington rescuers. 

Personal Liberty Laws. 

28. Personal liberty laws of some one of the free States. 

29. Repeals of personal liberty laws. 

30. Instances of the application of personal liberty laws. 

31. Northern admissions that the personal liberty laws 
were inadvisable. 

32. Southern denunciations of the personal liberty laws. 
33 Were the personal liberty laws unconstitutional? 

Extradition. 

34. History of the Prigg case. 

35. The Williams extradition case. 

36. Isaac Gansey extradition case. 

37. Extradition in the "Boston" case. 

38. Case of Kentucky v. Dennison. 

§ 264. Reports on the International Status of Slavery. 

General Questions. 

1. The question of the negroes carried away by the 
British, 1783-lbOO. 



§264] SLAVERY 471 

2. Question of negroes carried away by the British in 
1814-1815. 

3. Status of slaves of American envoys to foreign coun- 
tries. 

4. Origin of the phrase "contraband of war" applied to 
fugitive slaves. 

5. Case of Anderson in Canada. 

6. Mexican refusals to surrender fugitives. 

7. Reception of fugitives in Canada. 

8. Attempt to secure treaties for the surrender of fugitive 
slaves. 

Vessels in Foreign Ports. 

9. Some one of the following cases of slave vessels in 
British ports: (a) Enterprise. — (b) Encomium. — (c) Her- 
mosa. — (d) Comet. — (e) Creole. 

10. Contemporary accounts of L'Amistad case. 

11. Contemporary opinion on the Creole case. 

Foreign Slave-trade. 

12. The Middle Passage in the eighteenth century. 

13. The Middle Passage in the nineteenth century. 

14. Average loss of life in slave-trade. 

15. Profits of the slave-trade. 

16. Northern slave-traders in the nineteenth century. 

17. Number of illegal slave importations after 1808. 

18. Instances of slaves imported from Africa between 
1820 and 1861. 

19. Instances of convictions for slave-trading after 1820. 

20. Methods of capture of slaves in Africa. 

21. Motives of the slave-trade acts of 1794-1800. 

22. Motives of the slave-trade act of 1808. 

23. Motives of the slave-trade act of 1819. 

24. The activity of some one of the following ports as a 
place of fitting out slavers: (a) Boston. — (b) New York 
— (c) Bristol, R. l. — (d) Newport.— (e) Philadelphia. 



472 LIBRARY REPORTS [§ 264 

25. Was the slave-trade piracy? 

26. An account of a slave-trading voyage after 1836. 

27. Accounts of voyages of white men in slavers. 

28. Instances of captures of slavers by United States 
cruisers under the Cruising Convention of 1842. 

29. Propositions for reviving the slave-trade, 1850-1861. 

30. Return of captured slaves to Africa. 

31. Effect of Cass' protest against the quintuple treaty. 

§ 265. Reports on Arguments for and against Slavery. 

Assailants of Slavery. 

1. The best available narrative of his slavery experience 
by a slave. 

2. The best available account of slavery by a Northern 
observer. 

3. The best available account of slavery by a woman. 

4. The best available arraignment of slavery by a mmister. 

5. Lincoln's reasons for disliking slavery. 

6. Was "Uncle Tom's Cabin" exaggerated? 

7. A summary of Frances Kemble's experiences of slavery. 

8. Unfavorable opinions of foreign travelers on slavery: 
(a) 1750-1775. — (6) 1775-1790. — (c) 1790-1815. — {d) 
1815-1830. — (e) 1830-1845. — (/) 1845-1860. — {g) 1860- 
1865. 

9. Resolutions of State legislatures against slavery be- 
fore 1861. 

10. Admission by slave-holders that slavery was wrong, 
after 1840. 

11. Southern denunciations of slavery after x830. 

12. The best available book against slavery. 

13. The best available statement of the evils of slavery. 

14. An examination of Northern and foreign criticism of 
slavery as it existed in: (a) New Orleans. — (6) Savannah. — 
(c) Charleston. — (d) Mobile. — (c ) Richmond. 



§265] SLAVERY 473 

Defenders of Slavery. 

15. Favorable opinions of slavery by foreign travelers: 

(a) 1750-1790. — (6) 1790-1820. — (c) 1820-1830. — (d) 
1830-1840. — (e) 1840-1850. — (/) 1850-1860. 

16. The best available defence of slavery by a Southern 
writer. 

17. Instances of Northern pro-slavery men. 

18. The best available book in defence of slavery. 

19. The best available defence of slavery by a minister. 

20. A summary of the best available pro-slavery speech. 

21. Defences of slavery by Northern ministers. 

22. Opinions on slavery by clergymen who knew the 
South. 

23. Opinions of slaves held by Northern women who had 
lived in the South. 

24. Defence of slavery in Congress by J. C. Calhoun. 

25. Defences of slavery in Congress: (a) 1775-1788. — 

(b) 1789-1807. — (c) 1807-1829. — (d) 1829-1837. — (e) 
1837-1845. — (/) 1845-1851. — (g) 1851-1857. — (h) 1857- 
1861. 

26. Pro-slavery utterances of Georgia officials or legisla- 
tures. 

Classified Arraignments of Slavery. 

27. Argument of economic disadvantages of slavery. 

28. Argument that slavery required ignorance. 

29. Argument that slavery was unchristian. 

30. Argument of economic wastefulness of slavery. 

31. The argument of natural rights. 

32. Argument of ill effect on whites. 

33. Argument of barbarity. 

Classified Defences of Slavery. 

34. Argument for slavery from physical inferiority. 

35. Mental inferiority as a defence of slavery. 



474 LIBRARY REPORTS [§ 265 

36. Argument that slavery elevated the negro. 

37. Argument that slavery was for the good of the negro. 

38. Argument that slavery christianized the negro. 

39. Arguments of the economic advantages of slavery. 

40. Argument that slavery increased production. 

41. Argument that slavery was bad, but could not be 
removed. 

42. Defence of slavery from ancient precedent. 

43. Analysis of the biblical arguments in defense of 
slavery. 

44. The defence of slavery from the example of the 
Hebrew patriarchs. 

45. Defence of slavery from New Testament sanction. 

46. Argument that slavery needed new land. 

47. Argument that slavery could not be abolished with- 
out disrupting society. 

48. Argument of the danger of slave insurrections. 

49. Argument that slavery was "a positive good." 

50. Argument that slaves were necessary as a basis for 
white republican government. 

51. Argument that the Northern people had no concern 
with slavery. 

52. Argument that no public criticism of slavery should 
be allowed. 

53. Statements that slavery ought to be introduced into 
free States, 1855-1861. 

54. Arguments for slavery from the example of Hayti. 

§ 266. Reports on Effects of Slavery. 

Social Effects of Slavery. 

1. Effect of slavery on the character of the whites. 

2. Effect of slavery on young white men. 

3. Effects of slavery on Southern white women. 

4. Kind mistresses of slaves. 



§ 266] SLAVERY 475 

5. Instances of planters who lived abroad. 

6. Instances of improverished slave-holders. 

7. City life in the South in slave times. 

8. Ante-bellum schools in the South. 

9. Examples of Southern prose. 

10. Examples of Southern poetry, 1830-1861. 

11. Life in Southern colleges in slavery times. 

12. Effect of slavery on education. 

13. Southern historical writing (1789-1860). 

14. Southern scientific work (1789-1860). 

14. Southern periodicals (1789-1860). 

15. Southern men educated in the North. 

16. Southern men educated abroad. 

Economic Effects. 

17. Southern wealth. 

18. Southern banks in slavery times. 

19. Annual expense of maintaining a slave: (a) 1830- 
1850. — (6) 1850-1860. 

20. The waste of slave labor. 

21. Usual profit on large cotton plantations. 

22. Probable profit from cotton planting. 

23. Estimate of the profit from one hundred slaves. 

24. Southern contemporary statements of opinion that 
slavery did not pay. 

25. Was slavery more profitable to the planters than free 
labor would have been? 

26. Plantation buildings. 

27. Process of agriculture in the South. 

28. Wearing out of lands by slavery. 

29. Worked-out lands in the South. 

30. Instances of abandoned plantations. 

31. Foreign immigration to the South. 

32. Instances of importation of food for slaves from other 
States. 



476 LIBRARY REPORTS [§266 

Travel in the South. 

33. Southern country hotels in slavery times. 

34. City hotels in the South in slavery times. 

35. Staging in slavery times. 

36. Life on river steamers in slavery times. 

37. Southern highways in slavery times. 

38. Travel on Southern railroads in slavery times. 

39. Southern roads in slavery times. 

40. Southern travel by wagon-roads in slavery times. 

41. Southern criticisms of F. L. Olmsted's books on the 
South. 

Industries. 

42. Contemporary discussions of the effect on slavery of 
the invention of the cotton gin. 

43. The importance of cotton as an export in slave times. 

44. How far did the South raise its own food? 

45. Southern factories. 

46. Southern ship-building. 

47. Southern fisheries. 

48. Instances of the raising of slaves as a business. 

49. Southern exports — amount and character. 

50. Southern imports — amount and character. 

§ 267. Reports on Public Emancipation of Slaves. 

Northern States. 

1. Number of slaves in some one of the following commu- 
nities between the passing of the gradual emancipation act 
and total emancipation: (a) Rhode Island. — (b) Con- 
necticut. — (c) New York. — (d) New Jersey. — (e) Penn- 
sylvania. — (/) Northwest Territory. — (g) Ohio. — (h) In- 
diana. — (/') Illinois. 

2. Instances of slaves m some one of the following com- 
munities after abolition: (a) Vermont. — (h) New Hamp- 
shire. — (c) Massachusetts. — (d) Ohio. — (e) Illinois. — 
(/) Indiana. 



§267] SLAVERY 477 

3. Accounts of the emancipation act of one of the follow- 
ing communities: (a) Rhode Island. — (b) Connecticut. — 

(c) New York. — (d) New Jersey. — • (e) Pennsylvania. — 
(/) Illinois. 

4. The prohibition of slavery in the Illinois constitution. 

5. Struggle to reestablish slavery in Illinois (1823). 

6. The last slaves in some one of the following communi- 
ties: (a) Massachusetts. — (b) Rhode Island. — (c) Con- 
necticut. — (d) New York. — (e) New Jersey. — (/) Penn- 
sylvania. — (g) District of Columbia. — (h) Indiana. — (i) 
Illinois. 

7. Sale of slaves out of some one of the following com- 
munities after the emancipation act: (a) New York. — (6) 
New Jersey. — (c) Pennsylvania. — (d) Rhode Island. — (e) 
Northwest Territory. 

8. Methods in which slaves obtained their freedom in 
New York, with instances. 

9. Action of the convention of 1820-1822 in New York 
relative to slavery. 

10. "Freedom Suits" in Massachusetts (1700-1780). 

Territories. 

11. Instances of slaves in some one of the following terri- 
tories: (a) Utah. — (b) New Mexico. — (c) California. — 

(d) Oregon. — (e) Wisconsin. 

12. Contemporary California opinions on slavery, before 
September, 1850. 

13. An account of the State convention of 1849 in Cali- 
fornia. 

14. Attitude of California toward free negroes. 

Civil War, 1861-1865. 

15. Contemporary Southern opinion of A. H. Stephens' 
"corner-stone speech." 

16. Why did the number of slaves decrease in the Dis- 
[.. trict of Columbia from 1840 to 1865? 



478 LIBRARY REPORTS [§ 267 

17. The amount of compensation for slaves in the District 
of Columbia, 1862-1863. 

18. Carrying out of the District of Columbia emancipa- 
tion act of 1862. 

19. Results of emancipation in the District of Columbia, 
1862-1875. 

20. Reminiscences of slavery in the District of Columbia. 

21. Abolition of slavery in some one of the following com- 
munities: (a) Maryland. — (b) Missouri. — (c) West Vir- 
ginia. — (d) District of Columbia. — (e) Tennessee. 

22. Actual confiscation of slaves under acts of 1861, 1862. 

23. Passage of the act of 1862 prohibiting slavery in the 
territories. 

24. Workings of the act of 1862 prohibiting slavery in 
the territories. 

25. General Butler's "contraband" doctrine. 

26. Proposals of compensated emancipation. 

27. Cases of emancipation in Kentucky, 1861-1865. 

28. Account of Fremont's emancipation proclamation. 

29. Account of Hunter's emancipation proclamation. 

Lincoln's Proclamation. 

30. Southern contemporary opinions of Lincoln. 

31. Reception of the Emancipation Proclamation by the 
negroes. 

32. Reception of the Emancipation Proclamation by the 
South. 

33. Did the Emancipation Proclamation annul slavery 
clauses in State constitutions? 

34. What districts were excepted from the Emancipation 
Proclamation? 

35. Attitude of the abolitionists to the Emancipation 
Proclamation. 

36. How many slaves were set free by the Emancipation 
Proclamation? 



§268] SLAVERY 479 

37. The use of slaves to aid the miUtaiy operations of 
the Confederacy. 

38. Suggestions of negro regiments by Lee and Davis in 
1865. 

Thirteenth Amendment. 

39. Last slaves in some one of the former seceded States. 

40. Emancipation acts by some one of the following com- 
munities: (a) Virginia. — (6) North Carolina. — (c) South 
Carolina. — (d) Alabama. — (e) Georgia. — (/) Mississippi. 

— (g) Louisiana. — (h) Texas. — (i) Arkansas. — (/) Florida. 

41. Instances of slaves held after 1865 through their own 
ignorance. 

42. Cases after 1865 involving former contracts on slave 
property. 

§ 268. Reports on Abolition and Abolitionists. 

Abolition Leaders. 

1. First-hand knowledge of slavery b}^ some one of the 
following abolitionists: (a) John Brown. — (6) William 
Lloyd Garrison. — (c) Mrs. Harriet Beecher Stowe. — (d) 
S. P. Chase. — (e) James G. Birney. — (/) Levi Coffin. — (g) 
Benjamin Lundy. 

2. Anti-slavery career of some one of the following 
colonial agitators: (a) Samuel Sewall. — (b) Anthony Ben- 
ezet. — (c) John Woodman. — (d) Samuel Hopkins. — (e) 
Benjamin Franklin. 

3. Notable abolitionists in some one of the Northern 
States. 

4. Notable abolitionists in the Western Reserve. 

5. An account of the reasons why some one of the follow- 
ing agitators became an abolitionist: (a) Wendell Phillips. 

— (h) Charles Sumner. — (c) James Russell Lowell. — (d) 
Salmon P. Chase. — (e) Horace Greeley. — (/) James G. 
Birney. — {g) Benjamin Lundy. — Qi) Cassius M. Clay. 



480 LIBRARY REPORTS [§268 

6. Anti-slavery career of some one of the following aboli- 
tionists: (a) William Lloyd Garrison. — (b) James Russell 
Lowell. — (c) Henry Ward Beecher. — (d) Abraham Lin- 
coln. — (e) Benjamin Lundy. — (/) S. P. Chase. — (g) 
Charles Sumner. — (h) Gerritt Smith. — (?") William Jay. — 
0") Wendell Phillips. — (k) John P. Hale. — (/) John G. 
Whittier. — (m) Arthur Tappan. — (n) Edmund Quincy. — 
(o) Levi Coffin. — (p) Frederick Douglass. — (?) T. W. Hig- 
ginson. — (r) Theodore F. Weld. — (s) Frank Sanborn. 

7. Prominent women abolitionists. 

8. Instances of anti-slavery German-Americans. 

9. Anti-slavery career of Karl Follen. 

10. Criticism of slave holders by one of the following men: 
(a) John P. Hale. — (6) B. F. Wade. — (c) Joshua R. 
Giddings. — (d) John Brown. — (e) James G. Birney. — (/) 
John Brown. 

11. Quaker abolitionists. 

12. Was John Quincy Adams an abolitionist? 

13. Anti-slavery sentiment in one of the following places: 
(a) Boston. — (b) New Haven. — (c) New York. — (d) 
Philadelphia. — (e) Pittsburg. — (/) Cleveland. — ■ (g) Cin- 
cinnati. — (h) Chicago. — (i) Syracuse. — (j) Rochester. 

14. Foreign anti-slavery agitators in America, 

John Brown's Raid. 

15. The United States League of Gileadites. 

16. John Brown in Kansas as a free-State fighter. 

17. Southern opinion of John Brown. 

18. Contemporary approval of John Brown, 1859. 

19. Facts of John Brown's attack on Harper's Ferry. 

20. Was John Brown a murderer? 

21. The political effect of John Brown's raid. 

22. Governor Andrew's connection with John Brown. 

23. Total number of slaves aided to liberty by John 
Brown. 



§268] SLAVERY 481 

Southern Anti-Slavery. 

24. Instances of Southern abolitionists. 

25. Anti-slavery men in some one of the following South- 
ern States: (a) Virginia. — (b) Maryland. — (c) Kentucky. 
— (d) Delaware. — (e) Tennessee. — (/) Missouri. 

26. The feeling in East Tennessee toward slavery. 

27. The feeling in West Virginia toward slavery. 

28. Assertions of the undesirability of slavery by South- 
ern planters, after 1830. 

29. Southern anti-slavery societies before 1831. 

Abolition Organization. 

30. Abolition societies in some one of the Northern States. 

31. Number of members of the American Anti-Slavery 
Society. 

32. Reasons for the split in the American Anti-Slavery 
Society, 1840. 

33. Account of the American and Foreign Anti-Slavery 
Society. 

34. Contemporary feeling in the North about the found- 
ing of the anti-slavery societies. 

35. Anti-slavery meetings in some one of the following 
places: (a) Newburyport. — ■ (b) Boston. — (c) Salem. — • 
(d) Worcester. — (e) Syracuse. — (/) New Haven. — ■ (g) 
Providence. — (h) Philadelphia. — (/) Cleveland. — (/) Cin- 
cinnati. — (k) Chicago. — (/) Detroit. — (m) Utica. 

36. Account of a national anti-slavery meeting. 

37. Account of an abolitionist local convention in New 
England. 

38. Description of an abolitionist convention in New York 
City. 

39. A typical anti-slavery petition presented to Congress. 

40. An account of the anti-slavery movement in Southern 
Illinois. 



482 LIBRARY REPORTS [§ 268 

41. Who supplied money for the anti-slavery movement 
in Philadelphia? 

42. Instances of anti-slavery meetings interrupted by 
mobs. 

43. Women in anti-slavery meetings. 

Abolition Propaganda. 

44. An account of one of the following abolition papers: 
(a) Genius of Universal Emancipation. — (b) Liberator. 

— (c) Emancipator. — {d^ National Era. — (e) North Star. 

— (/) Philanthopist. 

45. A criticism of the Liberator (from a personal study 
of the files). 

46. The circulation of the Liberator. 

47. William Lloyd Garrison's attitude on the Federal 
government and constitution. 

48. Did abolitionists attempt to stir up slave insurrections? 

49. Were severer laws passed against Negroes in the 
South as a result of the abolition movement? 

50. Abolitionist statements of the guilt of slave-holders. 
5L "Incendiary publications" by abolition societies. 

52. Instances of circulation of abolition literature among 
Southern negroes before 186L 

53. Anti-slavery influence of Uncle Tom's Cabin. 

54. Instances of abolitionists who had actually seen 
slavery as it was. 

55. The best anti-slavery poem available. 

56. The anti-slavery poets. 

57. John G. Whittier as an anti-slavery politician. 

53. Enumerations of the principle of the "higher law" 
by abolitionists. 

59. Declarations of abolitionists that they would not vote. 

60. The breach in Lane Seminary. 

61. A summary of the best available abolition speech. 

62. Abolition year-books. 



§269] SLAVERY 483 

63. Anti-slavery opinions on amalgamation. 

64. An account of the anti-slavery almanacs. 

§ 269. Reports on Contemporary Judgment of Abolition. 

Attitude of Public Men. 

1. Attitude on slavery and abolition of some one of the 
following New England public men: (a) Fisher Ames. — 
(h) Edward Everett. — (c) Caleb Gushing. — {d) John 
Adams. — (c) Robert C. Winthrop. — (/) Daniel Webster. 
— {g) Levi Woodbury. — Qi) Josiah Quincy. 

2. Opinions on slavery and abolition of one of the follow- 
ing New Englanders: (a) W. E. Channing. — (h) R. W. 
Emerson. — (c) Oliver Ellsworth. — {d) Rufus Choate. — 
(c) Anson Burlingame. — (/) W. P. Fessenden. — {g) C. F. 
Adams, Sr. — Qi) R. H. Dana. — (e) Nathaniel Hawthorne. 

3. Attitude on abolition of some one of the following 
public men: (a) Martin Van Buren. — (6) George B. 
McClellan. — (c) David Wilmot. — {d) Albert Gallatin. — 
(c) John A. Dix. — (/) Thurlow Weed. — {g) W. H. Seward. 
— • (/i) Edwin M. Stanton. — (0 John Jay. — (/) Millard 
Fillmore. 

4. Opinion of slavery of some one of the following public 
men: (a) J. R. Giddings. — (6) B. F. Wade. — (r) Schuy- 
ler Colfax. — {d) Thomas Corwin. — (e) Lewis Cass. — (/) 
William H. Harrison. — {g) W. T. Sherman. — Qi) John 
Sherman. 

5. Opinion of abolition held by some one of the following 
public men: (a) Thomas H. Benton. — (5) Andrew John- 
son. — (c) James K. Polk. — (d) J. C. Breckinridge. — (e) 
Henry Clay. — (/) Andrew Jackson. — {g) J. J. Crittenden. 

6. Opinion of abolition held by some one of the following 
Southern statesmen: (o) J. C. Calhoun. — (5) R. M. T. 
Hunter. — (c) W. L. Yancey. — {d) Jefferson Davis. — - (c) 
Robert Toombs. — (/) Henry A. Wise. — {g) Alexander H. 
Stephens. — Qi) George McDuffie. — (0 Judah P. Benjamin. 



484 LIBRARY REPORTS [§269 

Northern Opposition 

7. Public opinion adverse to the abolitionist agitation in 
some one of the following places: (a) Salem. — (b) Boston. 

— (c) Harvard College. — (d) Newport. — (e) New Haven. 

— (/) Hartford. — (g) Newport. — (h) Philadelphia — (i) 
Cincinnati. 

8. Murder of Lovejoy. 

9. Is it true that Lovejoy was the only person to lose 
his life by pro-slavery mobs? 

10. The Birney riot in Cincinnati. 

11. Riots in New York City growing out of the anti- 
slavery movement. 

12. Contemporary accounts of the Pennsylvania Hall 
riots. 

13. The destruction of New Haven College. 

14. Destruction of the Canaan (N. H.) College. 

15. The separation of Professor FoUen from Harvard. 

16. Tne attitude of Harvard students towards abolition, 
1830-1860. 

17. Contemporary New England opinion of the abolition- 
ists. 

18. Accounts of the Garrison Mob of 1835 (from con- 
temporaries) . 

19. The case of Prudence Crandall. 

20. Contemporary opinion about the Liberator. 

21. Douglas's opinion of abolition. 

Southern Opposition. 

22. Rewards offered for abolitionists. 

23. Contemporary Southern opinion of William Lloyd 
Garrison. 

24. Appeals by the South to the North to suppress aboli- 
tion agitation. 

25. Instances of suppression of discussion about slavery 
in Southern places. 



§270] DIPLOMATIC 485 

26. Instances of men mobbed in the South as abolitionists. 

27. The Amos Dresser episode. 

Attitude of the Churches. 

28. Attitude of some one of the following denominations 
to slavery: (a) Episcopal. — (6) Catholic. — (c) Metho- 
dist. — {d) Congregational. — (e) Baptist. — (/) Disciple. — 
{g) Presbyterian. — Qi) Quaker. 

29. Split of the Methodist Church over slavery. 

30. Split of the Presbyterian Church over slavery. 

31. Influence of the Quakers as a denomination against 
slavery. 

32. Attitude of missionary societies toward slaves. 

33. The relation of the church to slavery in the South. 

34. Opinions on slavery of some one of the following 
Northern divines: (a) Moses Stuart. — (6) Bishop Hopkins. 
— (c) Nehemiah Adams. 

§ 270. Methods of Library Reports in American Diplomacy 
(Courses C and D). 

The smaller size of the class and the presumable experi- 
ence of the students in written work make unnecessary 
many of the fixed rules required for like work in the narra- 
tive course. Students are expected to travel their own 
road, though the instructor will always be ready in his con- 
ference hours to give advice and assistance. 

Assignment. From the list of lectures {Manual, § 150), 
from the list of subjects for special reports {Manual, § § 272- 
282), and from their previous knowledge of such topics 
students may select or suggest subjects; and they are in- 
vited to make their preferences known. Some of the sub- 
jects call for simple narrative treatment; but nearly all 
involve some contested or doubtful question which students 
are expected to elucidate. 



486 LIBRARY REPORTS [§ 271 

§ 271. Materials for Library Reports in American Diplomacy. 

Authorities. The bibliographical guide for the course is 
the instructor's Foundations of American Foreign Policy, ch. 
viii, which is a classified list with brief comments. At the 
desk of the Reading Room of the Harvard College Library- 
is a copy of this bibliography, with library numbers in 
the margin. Other bibliographical aids are enumerated in 
Foundations, § 77; in Manual, § 21, and in J. B. Moore, 
Digest of International Law, I, pp. ix-xxx. Some classified 
references will be found in the list of diplomatic lectures 
{Manual, §§ 64-86), and in the materials for weekly papers 
(Manual, §§ 166-195). Besides the Harvard College Library 
other near-by collections will be found serviceable by in- 
vestigators (see Manual, § 6). The Harvard Law School 
Library is rich in treatises, collections of cases, statutes, etc. 
The Boston Athenaeum has a special fund for books on in- 
ternational law and diplomacy. The Boston Public Library 
has a vast general collection. On many of the subjects the 
Congressional Documents will be serviceable. (See Guide, 
§ 30, Foundations, § 796). 

Methods. No fixed system for collecting materials, 
deciding on conclusions, and stating the results can be 
recommended. In the Guide, § 12, are some suggestions 
on the subject. The main thing must always be to take 
notes on separate slips of paper or cards or sheets, which 
may be classified and brought together in new combinations. 
Care should also be taken to note specific references, and to 
insert in the report such as are most to the point. Brief 
quotations are often very helpful. Compare the Directions 
for Reports in Course A {Manual, § 234). Students may 
at any time examine reports prepared in previous years, so 
as to see how other people have reached and recorded their 
results under like circumstances. 



§278] DIPLOMATIC 487 

§ 272. (1492-1689) Reports on Discovery and Title to Ter- 
ritory (see Manual, §§ 167, 168, 171). 

1. Rights of English merchants in Spain up to 1585. 

2. Riglits of Spanish merchants in England up to 1585. 

3. English commercial treaties (1400-1550). 

4. Official basis of the French claims to America. 

5. Official basis of the Spanish claims to America. 

6. Territories disputed between England and France 
(1689-1754), illustrated with map. 

7. Official claims of the English to America. 

8. Official claims of the Portuguese to America. 

9. Official claims of the Dutch to America. 

10. Doctrine of title by prime discovery as set forth up 
to 1700. 

11. Doctrine of title by exploration as set forth up to 1700. 

12. Doctrine of title by occupation as set forth up to 1700. 

13. Doctrine of title by permanent colonization as set 
forth up to 1700. 

14. Doctrine of papal control over the disposition of new 
territory (1493-1689). 

15. Treaties between England and Spain (1492-1604). 

16. English-Spanish diplomacy as to America (1604-1689) . 

17. Right and practice of enslaving infidels. 

18. Knowledge of Europeans as to central and eastern 
Asia, previous to 1492. 

19. Application of Droit d'aubaine up to 1600. 

20. Application of the papal line of delimitation. 

21. English-French Treaties (1492-1604). 

22. English-French Treaties (1605-1689). 

§ 273. (1689-1775) Reports on Trade and Sea-faring (see 
Manual, §§ 65, 66, 169, 170, 172). 

1. International law of privateering previous to 1600. 

2. Contemporary accounts of colonial piracy. 

3. Instances of legal convictions of pirates up to 1775. 



488 LIBRARY REPORTS [§ 273 

4. Contemporary accounts of privateering (1689-1763). 

5. Reaction in Spanish colonial policy (1763-1793). 

6. Basis of the French claims west of the Alleghenies. 

7. Basis of the English claims west of the AUeghanies. 

8. Spanish claims to Georgia up to 1795. 

9. Southern boundary of the Hudson Bay region. 

10. Spanish claims to the whole coast of Gulf of Mexico. 

11. Contemporary complaints of the English Navigation 
Acts (1689-1763). 

12. Instances of foreign vessels received in colonial ports, 
contrary to the Navigation Acts. 

13. Instances of colonial smuggling in American vessels. 

14. Spanish complaints of illegal trading by the English 
in the Spanish colonies. 

15. Instances of colonial trade with Spanish colonies 
before 1775. 

16. Instances of English colonists trading with the enemy 
(1689-1763). 

17. Correspondence and treaties relating to Belize (to 
1789). 

18. Origin and application of the Rule of 1756 (to 1763). 

19. Captures of merchantmen by official cruisers in time 
of peace (1689-1763). 

20. The French system of Colonial trade (1689-1762). 

21. Founding of the Hudson Bay Company. 

22. Dutch West India Company. 

23. French Colonial Companies in North America. 

24. Commercial privileges granted by England in America 
(1606-1689). 

§ 274. (1775-1783) Reports on Revolutionary Diplomacy (see 
Manual, §§ 71, 72, 173, 174). 

1. Benjamin Franklin's diplomatic services. 

2. John Adams' diplomatic services. 

3. John Jay's diplomatic services. 



§ 275] DIPLOMATIC 489 

4. Silas Deane's diplomatic services. 

5. The foreign office of the United States (1775-1781). 

6. The foreign office of the United States (1781-1788). 

7. State naval vessels in the Revolution. 

8. American privateers in the Revolution. 

9. British privateering during the Revolution. 

10. Capture of Paul Jones' prizes in Norway. 

11. Prize questions in the Revolution. 

12. Negotiations as to the boundaries of the United States 
(1779-1783). 

13. Unofficial negotiations with Great Britain (1775- 
1779). 

14. Indian negotiations and treaties (1775-1783). 

15. Intercourse between the British and American armies 
during the Revolution. 

16. The British peace mission of 1776. 

17. Attitude of Spain toward the Revolution (1775-1780). 

18. Negotiations of Vermont with the British during the 
Revolution. 

19. Outbreak of war between France and England (1778). 

20. Interest of the Conthiental Congress in foreign affairs. 

21. Negotiations with the Holy Roman Empire (1778- 
1787). 

22. Negotiations with Prussia (1776-1781). 

23. Were the American envoys ju.stified in ignoring 
Vergennes in the negotiations of 1782? 

24. Detailed account of the first treaty with Holland 
(1782). 

25. Diplomacy of the Armed Neutrality (1779-1783). 

§ 275. (1783-1788) Reports on Diplomacy of the Confeder- 
tion (seeManual, §§ 71, 72, 173, 174). 

1. John Adams's diplomatic service in England. 

2. Commercial treaty with Sweden. 

3. Commercial treaty with Prussia. 



490 LIBRARY REPORTS [§ 275 

4. Negotiations witli England for a commercial treaty 
(1783-1788). 

5. Influence of Lord Sheffield against a commercial treaty 
between England and America. 

6. Expense of the American foreign service (1783-1789). 

7. Spanish intrigues with the West (1779-1788). 

8. Retention of the frontier posts by Great Britain 
(1783-1796, with map). 

9. Negotiations as to the frontier posts (1783-1788). 

10. The facts as to carrying away negroes by the British 
in 1783. 

11. Diplomatic discussions as to the negroes carried away 
(1783-1788). 

12. Actual discriminations made by England against 
American shipping (1783-1794). 

13. The effect of the French Consular Convention of 1788. 

14. Jefferson's mission (1786-1789). 

15. R. R. Livingston as Secretary of Foreign Affairs. 

16. John Jay as Secretary of Foreign Affairs. 

§ 276. (1789-1801) Reports on the First Napoleonic Period 
(see Manual, §§ 35, 36, 175, 176). 

1. Could a better treaty than Jay's have been obtained 
in 1794? 

2. The doctrine of continuous voyages (1793-1806). 

3. Instances of the capture of persons in neutral vessels 
before 1801 on other grounds than impressment. 

4. Instances of impressments (1793-1801). 

5. Application of the Rule of 1756 (1793-1806). 

6. Instances of illegal captures of American merchant- 
men by English (1793-1796). 

7. Question of the right of deposit on the Mississippi 
(1795-1S03). 

8. A conspectus of the various French decrees affecting 
American commerce (1793-lSOl). 



§277] DIPLOMATIC 491 

9. Claims by France that the United States was bound to 
defend tlie West Indies. 

10. Genet's explanation of his own diplomacy. 

11. Suggestions of the annexation of Louisiana by the 
United States previous to 1S02. 

12. French plans of recovering Louisiana (17S9-1795). 

13. French protests against the Jay Treaty (1795-1798). 

14. Bribery of the French Directory by other powers 
(1795-1800). 

15. King's attempt to adjust the impressment question 
(1797-1801). 

16. Capture of French merchantmen (1798-1800). 

17. Withdrawal of the right of deposit at New Orleans 
(1798). 

18. Was Edward Randolph guilty of squeezing money 
from the French minister? 

19. Did James Monroe neglect the interests of the United 
States at Paris? 

20. Relations of the British with Indians residing within 
the United States (1789-1801). 

21. English-Spanish diplomacy as to Belize (1775-lSOl). 

22. Miranda and his schemes (1793-1801). 

§ 277. (1801-1815) Reports on the Second Napoleonic Period 

(see Manual, §§ 35, 36, 175, 176). 

1. The change in British admiralty decisions (1800-1806). 

2. Instances of unfair decisions by British prize and 
admiralty courts (1803-1815). 

3. Contemporary assertions that West Florida was part 
of Louisiana. 

4. Contemporary British claims to Oregon (1792-1815). 

5. Did the War of 1812 affect our fishery rights? 

6. Contemporary American opinions of Napoleon. 

7. Jefferson's principles of diplomacy. 

8. Eventual settlement of the Leopold-Chesapeake affair. 



492 LIBRARY REPORTS [§277 

9. Attitude of the American government on the impress- 
ment of Britons naturalized after 1783. 

10. Attitude of the American government on the impress- 
ment of actual British citizens. 

11. Attitude of the American government on the im- 
pressment of British deserters on American merchant ships. 

12. Instances of losses of American merchmantmen, due 
to impressment of part of the crew. 

13. Breach of diplomatic relations with De Onis. 

14. Breach of diplomatic relations with James Jackson. 

15. Attitude of the United States toward the French 
monarchy in Spain. 

16. Instances of pirates on the Atlantic and neighboring 
seas (1501-1815). 

17. Relations of Great Britain with Indians within the 
borders of the United States (1801-1815). 

§ 278. (1815-1829) Reports on the Period of Spanish American 
Diplomacy (see Manual, §§ 37, 38, 183). 

1. Missions and agents sent by the United States to 
South America (1811-1823). 

2. Meaning of " political system" in the Monroe Doctrine. 

3. Actual Russian settlements and posts in America, with 
map (1775-1825). 

4. Actual British settlements and posts in Oregon, with 
map (1806-1829). 

5. Relation of the Hudson Bay Company to the Oregon 
controversy. 

6. British overland expeditions to Oregon (1S06-1828). 

7. American overland expeditions to the Pacific Coast 
(1807-1829). 

8. How did the Isthmus of Panama become a part of 
South America? 

9. Spanish provinces in America, with map in 1806. 

10. Amelioration of the Spanish Colonial trade policy 
(1795-1815). 



§279] DIPLOMATIC 493 

11. Insurrections in Spanish American provinces, to 1807. 

12. Contemporary assertions of a special interest of the 
United States in Cuba (1789-1825). 

13. Authorship of Monroe's message of December, 1823. 

14. Sanchez mission from Cuba, 1822. 

15. Actual discussion of American affairs in the European 
Congresses (1815-1822). 

16. Effect of the Monroe doctrine on the Spanish Ameri- 
can governments. 

17. Map of Spanish America in 1823, with elucidations. 

18. John Quincy Adams's original purpose with reference 
to the Panama Congress. 

19. French designs on America (1823). 

20. John Quincy Adams's commercial treaties. 

§ 279. (1829-1861) Reports on Ante-Bellum Diplomacy (see 

Manual, §§ 79, 80, 186). 

1. Was Jackson justified in his spoliation diplomacy? 

2. Aptitude for foreign relations of the successive Secre- 
taries of State (1829-1861). 

3. Difficulty over the German commercial treaty. 

4. Relations of Maine to the boundary diplomacy (1827- 
1842). 

5. The Battle of the Maps. 

6. Consultation of the Senate by Polk before the Oregon 
treaty (1846). 

7. Slidell's mission to Mexico in 1846. 

8. Negotiation of the peace of Guadalupe-Hidalgo. 

9. British diplomacy in the Isthmus from 1820 to 1845. 

10. Relations with New Granada (1815-1846). 

11. Negotiation of the Clayton-Bulwer Treaty (1850). 

12. Difficulties in the interpretation of the Clayton-Bulwer 
treaty (1851-1860). 

13. Negotiation of the Canadian reciprocity treaty of 1854. 

14. Japanese treaties (1848-1861). 



494 LIBRARY REPORTS [§ 279 

15. Chinese treaties (1840-1861). 

16. The United States and the Paris Declaration of 1856. 

17. The Paraguay episode (1851-1861). 

18. Adjustment of the Belt dues controversy. 

19. Adjustment of the Black Warrior episode. 

§ 280. (1861-1865) Reports on the Diplomacy of the Civil War 
(see Manual, §§ 81, 82, 188.) 

1. Recognition of the belligerency of the Confederate 
States by France. 

2. Attempts to treat the officers and crews of the Con- 
federate commerce-destroyers as pirates. 

3. Contemporary criticisms of the United States prize 
decisions (1861-1868). 

4. Captures of vessels by the United States blockaders. 

5. Doctrine of continuous voyages as applied in the 
Civil War. 

6. Reception of United States cruisers in foreign colonial 
ports. 

7. Confederate diplomatic agents during the Civil War. 

8. How far did the Confederate commerce-destroyers 
receive undue privileges in colonial ports of England, Hol- 
land, France, and Spain? 

9. Secretary Chase's share in the foreign relations of the 
United States. 

10. Personal interviews of Confederate representatives 
with Napoleon III. 

11. The Hewitt myth of a personal interview of Charles 
Francis Adams with the Queen. 

12. Episode of the Confederate Rams. 

13. Cabinet views on the capture of the Trent. 

14. Episode of the capture of the Florida in Bahia. 

15. Purchases of military supplies by the United States 
abroad. 

16. Enlistment of foreigners in the United States armies. 



§282] DIPLOMATIC 495 

§ 281. (1866-1895) Reports on Post-Bellum Diplomacy (see 
Manual, §§ 83-86, 189-195). 

1. Controversies with Germany over American meat 
products. 

2. Return of the Japanese indemnity of 1862. 

3. Removals of American ministers since 1865. 

4. Negotiations on the Danish Islands (1865-1871). 

5. The proposed joint intervention in Cuba (1870-1877). 

6. The proposed annexation of Santo Domingo under 
President Grant. 

7. The question of making Bering Sea a closed sea. 

8. The relation of the United States to the Congo Free 
State. 

9. Question of the intervention of the United States in 
Chile and Peru (1879-1882). 

10. The diplomacy of Chinese immigration (1867-1895). 

11. Doctrine of the right of asylum in American embassies. 

12. Instances of difficulties arising under the expatria- 
tion treaties. 

13. The issues in the controversy with Chile in 1890. 

14. The issues in the Samoan controversies. 

15. Pan-American Congress of 1890 at Washington. 

16. Canal negotiations with Nicaragua (1865-1901). 

17. Canal negotiations with Colombia (1865-1902). 

18. Pan-American Congress of 1901 at Mexico. 

19. Pan-American Congress of 1906 at Rio Janeiro. 

20. Question of extraterritoriality in Japan. 

21. Question of extraterritorial courts in China. 

22. Fisheries Convention of 1885 with Great Britain. 

23. Controversies with Canadian authorities over the 
fisheries (1885-1895). 

§ 282. (1895-1907) Reports on Diplomacy of the Spanish 
War and the Orient (see Manual, §§ 83-86, 193-196). 
1. The issues in the Venezuelan controversy (1895). 



496 LIBRARY REPORTS [§ 282 

2. Instances of jurisdiction denied by the United States 
to foreign powers over our merchant vessels in foreign ports. 

3. Relations of the United States and the Philippines 
before the war of 1898. 

4. The annexation of Hawaii (1896-1898). 

5. The diplomatic preliminaries of the war with Spain 
in 1898. 

6. Captures of Spanish merchantmen in the war of 1898. 

7. Value of prizes captured during the Spanish War. 

8. The United States and Siam. 

9. Assertions of the policy of the Open Door in the 
Orient. 

10. Rights of missionaries in China. 

11. Question of the Japanese in the schools of San Fran- 
cisco. 

12. Attitude of the United States on the Chinese indem- 
nity for the Boxer trouble. 

13. Reasons for the failure of the Isthmian treaty with 
Columbia (1902). 

14. Adjustment of disputes with Colombia (1903-1908). 

15. Negotiation of the Isthmian treaty with Panama. 

16. The United States in the Conference of Algeciras. 

§ 283. Methods of Library Reports in Government (Courses 
E and F). 

It is desirable to put the references in a column parallel 
with the text of the report, and to set off the dates in a 
separate column. Students are not expected to write elabo- 
rate theses. 

§ 284. Materials for Library Reports in Government. 

Authorities. The reserved books on government are 
first to be exhausted. After that, students are expected to 
draw from available libraries, and to supplement their work, 
wherever it is necessary, by correspondence and personal 
inquiry. 



§ 285] GOVERNMENT 497 

The bibliographical aid which corresponds most closely in 
plan with these courses is Actual Government and the 
American State Series, which contain general bibliographies 
and classified special bibliographies; W. E. Foster, Refer- 
ences on the Constitution, is useful; and foot-notes to the 
treatises on constitutional law and government will be 
helpful. For general suggestions, Manual, §§ 24, 96, 198, 
234, 283, 285-299. 

§ 285. Reports on Criticisms of American Government (see 
Manual, §§ 97, 199, 202, 240.) 

1. Opinions of American government by some one of the 
following English writers: (a) Lyell. — (b) Sydney Smith. 

— (c) Sir Henry Maine. — (d) Lecky. — (e) Percy Greg. — 
(/) Gladstone. — (g) Carlyle. — (h) John Bright. — (*) 
George Canning. 

2. Montesquieu's view of the three departments. 

3. How far did American public men in 1775 know the 
writings of some one of the following publicists? (a) Mont- 
esquieu. — (b) Grotius. — (c) Locke. — (d) Hobbes. — (e) 
Vattell. 

4. Notions of American government by some one of the 
following French writers: (a) Brissot de Warville. — (b) 
Mably. — (c) Carlier. — (d) Tocqueville. — (e) Boutmy. — 
(/) Chevalier. — (g) Bourget. 

5. Strictures on American government by some one of 
the following German writers: (a) Schlief. — (b) Von Mohl. 
— (c) Von Hoist. — (d) Muensterberg. 

6. American defences against Tocqueville's strictures. 

7. Opinion of American government by some one of 
the following American statesmen: (a) John Adams. — (b) 
Thomas Jefferson. — (c) Tucker's Blackstone. — (d) J. C. 
Calhoun. — (e) Daniel Webster. — (/) Abraham Lincoln. 

8. Opinion of American government by some one of 
the following American writers: (a) R. W. Emerson. — (6) 



498 LIBRARY REPORTS [§285 

James Russell Lowell. — (c) Barrett Wendell. — (d) F. J. 
Goodnow.— (e) J. W. Burgess. — (/) W. W. Willoughby.— 
(g) C. W. Eliot. — (h) E. L. Godkin. 

§ 286. Reports on Citizenship and Fundamental Rights (see 
Manual, §§ 99, 100, 199-202. 

(a) Citizenship. 

1. Instances of old American families on Cape Cod. 

2. Conferring of citizenship by special legislative acts. 

3. Instances of citizens of Chinese blood. 

4. Instances of protection of American citizens abroad. 

5. Instances of Indians becoming citizens. 

6. A study of naturalization proceedings in Boston. 

7. The actual methods of naturalization in New York City. 

8. Practice with regard to loss of citizenship. 

(b) Race Elements. 

9. Character of race elements in some one of the follow- 
ing States of the Union: (a) California. — (5) Illinois. — (c) 
Minnesota. — (d) Wisconsin. — (e) Michigan. — (/) Missouri. 
— (g) Massachusetts. — (h) Connecticut. — (i) Rhode Island. 

10. Character of the foreign-born voters in some one of 
the following cities: (a) Chicago. — (6) Cleveland. — (c) 
Minneapolis. — (d) St. Louis. — (e) New Orleans. — (/) Fall 
River. — (g) Cambridge. 

11. Meaning of "race, color, and previous condition of 
servitude" in the Fifteenth Amendment. 

12. System of "protections" given by the United States 
diplomatic and consular officials in semi-civilized countries. 

(c) Personal Liberty. 

13. Instances of persons held by others in permanent 
illegal confinement. 

14. Instances of permanent loss of civil rights as a punish- 
ment for crime. 



§ 286] GOVERNMENT 499 

15. The driving away of negroes from Illinois. 

16. Prevention of negro emigration to Kansas. 

17. Instances of the banishment of American citizens 
from a State. 

18. Instances of the sale of the services of convicts to 
private persons during the term of their sentence. 

19. Instances of the sale of convicts to contractors, to be 
employed in gangs away from the State prison. 

20. Instances of the sale of the services of convicts to 
contractors, the work to be done in the prison. 

21. Transportation of paupers against their will from 
one State to another. 

22. Account of the system of imprisonment for debt in 
the United States since 1789. 

23. Account of imprisonment for debts due to the United 
States. 

24. Instances of persons now confined for debt. 

25. Cases of peonage. 

(d) Aliens and Naturalization. 

26. State restrictions on the holding of real estate by 
ahens. 

27. Instances of aliens held liable for military service. 

28. Status of children of aliens born in the United States. 

29. Cases of claims for protection in foreign countries by 
persons not citizens of the United States. 

30. Instances where foreigners domiciled in the United 
States have been claimed by foreign governments while 
visiting in their native country. 

31. Right to expel aliens from the country. 

(e) Privileges. 

32. Equality of man as stated in State constitutions. 

33. United States laws and ipractice for regulating the 
press. 



500 LIBRARY REPORTS [§286 

34. Authorizations by law to search houses at night. 

35. Instances of expatriation of citizens of the United 
States at their own desire. 

36. Usual laws punishing offences of the press. 

37. Pennsylvania statute of 1903 on press offences. 

38. Practice of the States with reference to forbidding 
the carrying of concealed weapons. 

39. State practice as to the waiving of jury trials. 

40. Suggestions that a decision of less than the whole of 
a jury ought to be accepted. 

§ 287. Reports on Constitution Making. 

1. Origin of the idea of conventions assembled solely to 
frame a constitution. 

2. Attempts to limit the scope of the work of a constitu- 
tional convention. 

3. An account of the formation of the first constitution of 
some one of the sixteen States in the Union before 1797 
(see Guide, § 143). 

4. A brief history of the written constitutions of one of 
the following States in the Union: (a) Wisconsin. — (6) 
New Hampshire. — (c) Virginia. — (d) Ohio. — (e) New 
York. 

5. Workings of the system of amendment by which two 
successive legislatures must submit the same amendment. 

6. Tabulation of popular votes on constitutional amend- 
ments in the States (1895-1907). 

7. The records of constitutional conventions. 

8. An account of a recent State constitutional convention. 

9. State draft constitutions which have failed of ratifica- 
tion when submitted to popular vote. 

10. Examples of State constitutions set in force without 
the sanction of the popular vote. 

11. Instances of special legislation embodied in State 
constitutional amendments. 



§ 28S] GOVERNMENT 501 

12. Traces of the social compact theory in State con- 
stitutions. 

13. Tendency to increase the length of State constitutions. 

14. Early State constitutional conventions in some one 
of the following States: (a) Massachusetts. — (6) New York. 
— (c) Pennsylvania. — (d) North Carolina. 

15. Changes brought about by the last New York consti- 
tution. 

16. An account of the last constitutional convention of: 
(a) South Carolina. — (&) Virginia. — (c) Oklahoma. — {d) 
Mississippi. 

17. Instances of unwise restrictions on legislation in 
State constitutions. 

18. Suffrage amendments to State constitutions (1890- 
1908). 

19. Account of amendments proposed to the Articles of 
Confederation. 

20. Contemporary theories as to who ratified the Federal 
constitution. 

21. History of some one of the groups of amendments to 
the Federal constitution: (a) I-X. — (6) XI, XII. — (c) 
XIII. — (c^) XIV. — (e) XV. 

§ 2C8. Reports on Political Methods. 

(a) Principles of Popular Government. 

1. Doctrine of equality of man in political writers of the 
eighteenth century. 

2. Doctrine of the social compact before the Revolution. 

3. Doctrine of the social compact during the Revolution. 

4. Doctrine of the social compact since the Revolution. 

5. European writers on the social compact since 1788. 

6. Divine right in English writers to 1775. 

7. Doctrine of checks and balances since 1775. 

8. Doctrine of sovereignty of the people before 1775. 



502 LIBRARY REPORTS [§288 

9. Doctrine of sovereignty of the people since 1775. 

10. Present status of the referendum in the United States. 

(b) Suffrage. 

11. The usual suffrage in the English colonies. 

12. Were the restrictions on voting in colonial Massachu- 
setts enforced? 

13. Enlargement of the suffrage in State constitutions 
(1789-1829). 

14. The present provisions of Southern constitutions with 
regard to negro suffrage. 

15. Present educational suffrage qualifications in the 
United States. 

16. Workings of the educational qualification in some one 
of the following States. — (a) Massachusetts. — (6) Con- 
necticut. — (c) Mississippi. 

17. Workings of the suffrage system under the Southern 
constitutions adopted since 1889. 

18. Present property qualifications for voters in the 
United States. 

19. Present tax qualifications for voters. 

20. Account of limitations of municipal suffrage to tax 
payers. 

21. Conditions of suffrage in Rhode Island (1642-1908). 

22. History of property qualifications in one of the New 
England States. 

23. Comparison of votes with voters in one of the follow- 
ing cities: (a) Boston. — (b) Philadelphia. — (c) New York. 
— (d) Chicago. 

24. Workings of women suffrage in the states where they 
have full suffrage. 

25. Workings of women's school suffrage. 

(c) Nominating Machinery. 

26. Account of the primary in Minnesota. 

27. Workings of the registration system in some one State. 



§ 288] GOVERNMENT 503 

28. Membership in political caucuses in New York City. 

29. Political caucuses in one of the following cities: 
(a) New York. — {h) Boston. — (c) San Francisco. 

30. Workings of the Massachusetts caucus acts. 

31 . Nominations by the Congressional caucus (1789-1815). 

32. Instances of bought nominations. 

33. System of " notification' ' of nominations to candidates. 

34. An account of a State convention in: (a) Indiana. 
— (b) New York. — (c) Massachusetts. — {d) Louisiana. 

35. An account of the Massachusetts Democratic Conven- 
tion of: (a) 1896. — (6) 1907. 

36. How do the bosses get control of rural politics in 
New York? 

37. Organization of national conventions. 

38. Early political conventions (1783-1800). 

39. Early State nominating conventions in Massachusetts. 

40. Workings of the Southern primary system. 

(d) Campaigns. 

41. A description of the political committees in some one 
State. 

42. The authority of a State committee. 

43. A description of a National political committee. 

44. An account of the Federation of College Republican 
Clubs. 

45. Raising party funds for campaigns. 

46. Instances of assessments on office holders for cam- 
paign funds. 

47. Campaign literature. 

48. Subscriptions by corporations to campaign funds. 

(e) Voting. 

49. Gerrymanders in some one State. 

50. Workings of minority representation in Illinois. 

51. Why is the vote so small in Southern elections? 



504 LIBRARY REPORTS [§288 

52. Origin of the idea of equal electoral districts. 

53. Comparison of votes and population in one of the 
following groups: (a) Indiana and Alabama. — (5) Iowa 
and Kentucky. — (c) Connecticut and South Carolina. 

54. The "German vote" in some one Northern State. 

55. Workings of the registration system in one of the 
following States: (a) New York. — (b) Pennsylvania. — (c) 
Illinois. 

56. Workings of the Rhode Island requirement of an 
absolute majority from 1861 to 1900. 

57. Instances of viva voce elections. 

58. Workings of the former United States act for super- 
vising elections. 

59. Practice of trading votes. 

(f) Elections. 

60. Comparison of the majorities received by members of 
Congress at any election. 

61. Early instances of fraud in elections (1781-1829). 

62. Early instances of fraud in elections (1829-1861). 

63. Influence of corporations on elections. 

64. Corrupt practices acts in the States. 

.65. Protection of the ballot (including count) in New 
York State. 

66. Electoral bribery in some one of the following States: 
(a) New Hampshire. — (6) Massachusetts. — (c) New York. 
— ■ (d) Illinois. 

67. Electoral frauds in some one of the following States: 
(a) Illinois. — ■ (b) Pennsylvania. — (c) New Hampshire. — 
(d) New York. — (e) South Carolina. 

68. An account of an election in: (a) St. Louis. — (b) 
Philadelphia. — (c) Boston. — (d) New York. — (e) Balti- 
more. 

69. Election riots in: (a) Colorado. — (b) Baltimore. — 
(c) Troy. 



§ 289] GOVERNMENT 505 

70. Regulation of count and recount of votes in: (a) 
Massachusetts. — (6) New York. — (c) Illinois. 

71. Tammany's control of elections in New York (1867- 
1873). 

(g) Bosses. 

72. Reason for the popularity of one of the following: 
(a) Matthew Quay. — (6) Richard Croker. — (c) Carter Har- 
rison. — (d) A. P. Gorman. — (e) Hugh McLaughlin. — (/) 
S. H. Ashbridge. — {g) Thomas Piatt. — {h) Tom Johnson. 

— (0 George B. Cox. — (/) Charles F. Murphy. — {k) 
Abraham Ruef. 

73. Political organization in some one of the following 
States: (a) Pennsylvania. — (6) Connecticut. — (c) Cali- 
fornia. — {d) Iowa. — (e) Colorado. 

74. Boss rule in one of the following cities: (a) Buffalo. 

— {h) Cleveland. — (c) Detroit. — (d) Chicago. — (e) Phil- 
adelphia. — (/) Jersey City. — {g) Pittsburg. — Qi) San 
Francisco. 

§ 289. Reports on State Government. 

(a) Status of States. 

1 . Account of admission of one of the States in the Union ; 
especially interesting are: (a) Ohio. — (5) Indiana. — (c) 
Michigan. — {d) Wisconsin. — (e) California. — (/) Kansas. 

— {g) Colorado. — Qi) North Dakota. — {i) Oklahoma. 

2. Account of the setting off of one of the following 
States from the parent State: (o) Vermont. — (&) Ken- 
tucky. — (c) Maine. — {d) West Virginia. — (e) Tennessee. 

3. Acts of Congress declaring State statutes void. 

4. Action of Presidents on rival State governments in: 
(a) Rhode Island. — (5) Kansas. — (c) Virginia. — {d) 
Louisiana. — (e) Arkansas. — (/) South Carolina. 

5. Principles of Virginia coupon cases. 

6. Conditions imposed on States at entrance. 



506 LIBRARY REPORTS [§ 289 

7. Instances of rival State governments in: (a) Louisiana. 
— (b) South Carolina. — (c) Kansas. 

8. Federal subsidies to states. 

(b) State Legislatures. 

9. Change from town to proportional representation in 
the Massachusetts legislature. 

10. Usual number of members in New England legisla- 
tures. 

IL Workings of the system of town representation: (a) 
Connecticut. — (6) Rhode Island. — (c) New Hampshire. — 
(d) Vermont. 

12. The size of State legislatures in the West. 

13. Instances of unfit members of legislatures. 

14. Instances of bribery of members of State legislatures. 

15. Instances of long service in State legislatures. 

16. Instances of members of legislatures "owned" by 
corporations or individuals. 

17. Likelihood that members of State legislatures will be 
re-elected. 

18. Character of the legislature of one of the following 
States: (a) Rhode Island. — (b) New York. — (c) New 
Jersey. — (d) Ohio. — (e) Tennessee. — (/) Wisconsin. — 
(g) Colorado. 

19. Bosses of legislatures. 

20. Reform movements in the legislatures of: (a) New 
York. — (6) New Jersey. — (c) Pennsylvania. 

21. System of "strikes" in State legislatures. 

22. A day in the legislature of: (a) Massachusetts. — ■ 
(6) New York. — (c) Ohio. — (d) Virginia. 

23. Powers of State senates over appointments. 

24. Powers of the Speakers in State legislative bodies. 

25. An historical account of the legislature of a State. 

26. Limitations on the length of sessions of legislatures. 

27. Number of State statutes passed (in the last obtain- 
able year). 



§ 289] GOVERNMENT 507 

28. Committee system in the legislature of: (a) Massa- 
chusetts. — (b) Rhode Island. — (c) New York. — (d) New 
Jersey. — (e) Pennsylvania. — (/) Alabama. — (g) Iowa. 

29. Committee hearings in the state legislatures. 

30. Instances of dead-locks between the two houses of 
State legislatures. 

31. Prohibitions in State constitutions against private 
legislation. 

32. Instances of iniquitous private acts in the States. 

33. Instances of beneficent private legislation by States. 

34. Vagaries of legislation in one of the following States: 
(a) Missouri. — (h) Wyoming. — (c) North Carolina. — (d) 
Arkansas. — (e) Colorado. 

(c) State Governors. 

35. Governorship of States placed in commission. 

36. Salary and emoluments of Governors. 

37. Instances of Governors repeatedly re-elected. 

38. Status of the Lieutenant-Governor. 

39. Governors' mansions. 

40. Appointing power of Governors. 

41. Use of the Governor's veto in one of the following 
States: (a) New Hampshire. — (h) Massachusetts. — (c) 
New York. — (d) Minnesota. — (e) Montana. — (/) Ohio. — 
(g) Pennsylvania. 

42. Status of the Governor of Ohio. 

43. Examples of important State vetoes. 

44. Social functions of Governors (speech-making, etc.). 

45. Status of the Governor of Pennsylvania. 

46. Governors as members of state commissions. 

47. Military authority of Governors. 

(d) State Executive Officers. 

48. Status of the Secretary of State in the various States. 

49. The executive departments in the government of: 
(a) Massachusetts. — (6) New York. — (c) Pennsylvania. 



508 LIBRARY REPORTS [§289 

50. Attempts to introduce the Cabinet system in the 
States. 

51. Vagaries of State commissions in: (a) Massachusetts. 
— (b) New York. — (c) CaUfornia. 

52. Impeachment of State executive officials. 

53. Executive boards in one of the following States: (a) 
Minnesota. — (6) Massachusetts. — (c) Illinois. — (d) Okla- 
homa. 

54. The functions of the State treasurer in the States. 

55. Instances of removal of executive officials by the 
Governor. 

56. Defects in the executive system in the States. 

57. An estimate of the number of persons holding State 
office: (a) Maine. — (6) Massachusetts. — (c) New York. — 
(d) Pennsylvania. — (e) Missouri. 

58. Relation of State Historical Societies to the State. 

59. Instances of State executive officials many times 
re-elected. 

60. Supervision of State officials by the governor. 

(e) State Judiciary. 

61. Present methods of selecting judges in the States. 

62. Workings of the elective judiciary in some one State. 

63. A description of the judiciary system of some one 
State. 

64. Instances of packing a State Supreme Court. 

65. Instances of judges failing of re-election on account 
of an unpopular judicial decision. 

66. Instances of unfit State judges. 

67. Changes in the judiciary system of the State of New 
York since 1889. 

68. Historical sketch of the growth of the elective judi- 
ciary. 

69. Instances of corrupt judges in some one State: (a) 
New York. — (b) Colorado. — (c) Ohio. 



§ 290] GOVERNMENT 509 

70. A day in the courts of some one State. 

71. Some account of cases appealed from the Supreme 
Court of some one State to the United States Supreme Court. 

72. Principles of change of venue in criminal cases. 

73. Instances of mandamus of State courts on State 
executive officers. 

74. Instances of State acts held unconstitutional by the 
courts of one of the States. 

75. Relation of courts to the labor controversy in: 
(a) Colorado. — (6) New York. — (c) Pennsylvania. — {d) 
California. 

§ 290. Reports on Local Government. 

(a) Supervision of Local Governments. 

1. Supervisory powers of State officials over municipalities. 

2. Supervision of township government by county offi- 
cials in some one Western State. 

3. Supervisory power of State officials over locality 
officers. 

4. Functions performed for the States by local govern- 
ments. 

5. Isntances of control of local officials in their exercise of 
local functions. 

6. Relation between the Governor and municipal govern- 
ments in: (a) New York. — (6) Massachusetts. — (c) Illi- 
nois. — {d) Missouri. 

(b) Local Subdivisions. 

7. Workings of the school district system. 

8. Incorporated village government. 

9. Borough government. 

10. The Louisiana system of police juries. 

11. Water districts. 



510 LIBRARY REPORTS [§290 

(c) New England Towns. 

12. A description of a town meeting of some New England 
town. 

13. Cambridge town meetings (1789-1846). 

14. Oddities of the colonial town meetings of some one 
New England town. 

15. Boston town meeting (1800-1823). 

16. Functions of selectmen in some one New England 
town. 

17. Defects of the town-meeting system. 

18. Newport system of city council government. 

19. Supervision of the town meeting over finances. 

20. The town school-committee. 

21. Duties of the town clerk. 

(d) Middle and Western Towns. 

22. Defects in the township-county system. 

23. Defects of New York town governments. 

24. Town government in one of the following States: 
(a) California. — (6) Utah. — (c) Wisconsin. — - (d) Nebraska. 
— (e) Indiana. 

26. Town meetings in: (a) Ohio. — (b) Michigan. — (c) 
Nebraska. 

27. Rural government in Minnesota. 

(e) County Government. 

28. Number of counties in the States compared. 

29. Present county government in one of the following 
States: (a) South Carolina. — (b) North Carolina. — (c) 
Louisiana. — (d) Virginia. — (e) Georgia. 

30. Criticism of the government of a particular county 
in: (a) New York. — (6) Pennsylvania. — (c) Ohio. — (d) 
Kentucky. 

31. Workings of county government in Pennsylvania. 



§290] GOVERNMENT 511 

32. County boards in New York. 

33. Did Jones County, Mississippi, secede? 

34. County jails in Minnesota. 

35. Defects in county commissioners system of Massa- 
chusetts. 

(f) Form and Workings of Cities. 

36. History of the charter of: (a) New York. — (6) 
Buffalo. — (c) Albany. — {d) Philadelphia. — (e) Baltimore. 

— (/) Cleveland. • — {g) Chicago. 

37. Instances of reform charters (1894-1908). 

38. Defects and remedies in the government of one of 
the following cities: (a) Cambridge. — ^Jb) Somerville. — 
(c) Columbus. — {d) Atlanta. — (e) Milwaukee. — (/) New 
Orleans. 

39. Defects in the government of one of the following 
cities: (a) Cleveland. — (6) Chicago. — (c) Detroit. — (d) 
San Francisco. — • (e) St. Louis. — (/) Utica. — {g) Pittsburg. 

40. Defects of the Greater New York charter. 

41. Degree of success of city governments in small cities 
in Massachusetts. 

42. "Ripper Acts" of 1900 for Pennsylvania city govern- 
ments. 

43. Instances of illegal assumption of power by cities. 

44. Corrupt grants of franchises in: (a) New York City. — 
(6) Philadelphia. — (c) Chicago. — (d) Pittsburg. 

45. Municipal courts in Massachusetts. 

46. Reform in the city governments of: (a) Phila- 
delphia. — {h) Pittsburg. — (c) Cincinnati. — {d) Chicago. 

— (e) St. Louis. — (/) Minneapolis, — {g) San Francisco. 

47. Instances of the exercise of judicial functions by local 
executive officers. 

(g) Administration in Cities. 

48. Salaries of members of municipal legislatures. 

49. Single chambers in municipal government. 



512 LIBRARY REPORTS [§ 290 

50. Working of the second chamber system in city gov- 
ernment. 

51. Legislative body of Boston since 1823. 

52. Duties performed for the State by municipal officials. 

53. Relations of heads of city departments to each other. 

54. Relations of heads of departments to the mayor. 

55. Mayor's removal power. 

56. The ''Cabinet system" in city government. 

57. City documents. 

58. Usual salaries of the principal city officials. 

59. System of appointive city boards having power to 
make appropriations. 

60. The number of persons employed by the city of: 
(a) Boston. — (6) New York. — (c) Philadelphia. — (d) 
Chicago. — (e) Cleveland. — (/) St. Louis. — ■ (g) New Orleans. 

61. Administration of a city fire department. 

62. The workings of the Boston fire commission. 

63. Municipal departments of public buildings. 

64. The Park Commission in some one city. 

65. The Water Commission in some one city. 

66. Administration of a city police department. 

67. Administration of a city health department. 

68. System of paving and repairs of pavement in large 
cities. 

69. Administration of street departments in cities. 

70. Application of civil service reform in one of the follow- 
ing cities: (a) Boston. — (b) New York. — (c) Chicago. — 
(d) St. Louis. 

71. Character and workings of the Board of Education 
of: (a) Cleveland. — (6) Chicago. — (c) St. Paul. — (d) San 
Francisco. 

72. Government of schools in some one city. 

73. The Gas Commission in some one city. 

74. Commission government in Galveston. 

75. Commission government in Houston, Dallas, and Fort 
Worth. 



§ 291] GOVERNMENT 513 

76. Commission government in Des Moines. 

77. Advantages and defects of commission government. 

§ 291. Reports on the National Legislative. 

(a) Members op Congress. 

1. Instances of Senators wiio did not reside in the States 
from wliich tliey were elected. 

2. Instances of members of the House of Representatives 
who did not reside in the districts from which tliey were 
elected. 

3. Previous education and public service of the present 
Representatives. 

4. Previous education and public services of present 
Senators when first elected. 

5. Administration of mileage for Congressmen. 

6. An account of a contested election controversy in 
Congress. 

7. House members unseated: (a) 1789-1820. — ■ (6) 
1821-1840. — (c) 1841-1860. — id) 1861-1880. — (e) 1881- 
1907. 

8. Senators unseated: (a) 1789-1830. — (6) 1831-1870. — 
(c) 1871-1907. 

9. Instances of very long service by members: (a) of the 
House of Representatives. — (6) Senators. 

10. Instances of privilege claimed by members of Con- 
gress to prevent arrest. 

(b) Organization of Congress. 

11. Instances of corruption in Congress. 

12. Flanagan's ''Bigur man than old Grant" episode. 

13. Franking privilege of members of Congress. 

14. Assignment of seats in the House of Representatives. 

15. The clerical force of Congress. 

16. Foreign commendations of the Senate. 



514 LIBRARY REPORTS [§ 291 

17. Instances of instructions of United States Senators by 
State legislatures. 

18. The President of the Senate. 

19. Success as a speaker of: (a) T. B. Reed. — (h) Joseph 
T. Cannon. 

20. Instances of minor officials of Congress who have 
served a long time. 

(c) Congressional Committees. 

21. Manner in which the Speaker of the House of Repre- 
sentatives appoints to committees. 

22. Instances of appointment of House committees by 
ballot. 

23. Influences in the appointment of committees by the 
Speaker at the beginning of some particular Congress. 

24. Appointment of committees in the Senate. 

25. Procedure of Congressional committees in session. 

26. Instances of open hearings held by committees of 
Congress. 

27. Principle of seniority in Committees. 

28. Correspondence between heads of departments and 
chairmen of committees in Congress. 

29. Instances of arguments made by heads of depart- 
ments before committees of Congress. 

30. Workings of Congressional conference committees. 

31. Can bills be brought before the House of Repre- 
sentatives for consideration except on the report of a 
committee? 

32. Committee on Rules. 

33. The "Steering Committee" in Congress. 

34. Foreign criticisms of the "Congressional system." 

35. Attempts of committees to get the floor for their 
business. 

36. Number of written reports made oy committees. 



§ 291] GOVERNMENT 515 

(d) Congress in Session. 

37. Protests against secret sessions of the Senate. 

38. Instances of disorderly sessions of Congress. 

39. Instances of long speeches in the Senate, intended to 
obstruct. 

40. Instances of very long debates in Congress 

41. Instances of long-continued filibustering in the House 
of Representatives. 

42. Methods of stopping filibustering. 

43. Influence of Senators on private bills. 

44. Waste of time in sessions of Congress. 

45. Instances of Congressmen imperiling their seats by 
voting against the opinion of their constituents. 

46. The workings of the previous question in Congress. 

47. Suspension of the rules of the House. 

48. "Bringing in a rule" in the House of Representa- 
tives. 

49. The closing hours of sessions of Congress. 

(e) Legislative Output. 

50. Number of bills introduced, reported, discussed, 
passed one House, passed the second House, enrolled, sent 
to the President, signed, vetoed, became law by ten days' 
rule, and pocketed, in any one Congress since 1829. 

51. Instances of appearance of Cabinet ministers in 
Congress. 

52. Instances of bills drafted by Cabinet officers. 

53. Instances of the President's affecting legislation by 
patronage. 

54. Instances of the President's influencing pending legis- 
lation by conversations with members. 

55. Instances of use of the Vice-President's casting vote. 

56. Instances of errors in the engrossment of bills. 
.57. Incidents of the President's signing bills. 



516 LIBRARY REPORTS [§ 291 

58. Number of Federal statutes passed in the United 
States by signature of the President, by ten day rule, and 
over the veto. 

59. Cases of discretionary powers of legislation bestowed 
on Presidents. 

60. Pocketed bills. 

61. Operation of the ten day rule, 

§ 292. Reports on the National Executive, 
(a) The President. 

1. Previous education and public service of Presidents. 

2. How is the question of the disability of the President 
decided? 

3. Instances of Vice-Presidents in confidential relations 
with Presidents. 

4. Instances of ex-Presidents and ex-Vice-Presidents re- 
entering public life. 

5. Presidential tours. 

6. Administration of the White House. 

7. Presidents' wives. 

8. The social life of the White House. 

9. Instances of ex-Presidents in confidential relations 
with Presidents. 

(b) The Departments. 

10. The Belknap impeachment proceedings. 

11. An account of a Congressional investigation of an 
executive officer. 

12. Efforts of executive officers to prevent investigations 
by Congress. 

13. Instances where the President has overruled the head 
of a department. 

14. Forced resignations of Cabinet officers. 

15. An account of the National Bureau of Education. 

16. The Secretary to the President. 



§ 292] GOVERNMENT 517 

17. The workings of a government bureau in Washington. 

18. The Government Printing Office. 

19. Have executive regulations for government employees 
the force of law? 

20. An account of the workings of the Bureau of Immigra- 
tion. 

21. Instances of conflict of jurisdiction between heads of 
departments. 

22. Results of the "Dockery" investigation. 

23. Results of the "Cockrell" investigation. 

24. Legal advisers of the various departments. 

25. Results of the investigation of 1907. 

(c) Appointments and Removals. 

26. Tabulation of officers of the United States who have 
a four years' tenure. 

27. Additions to list of officials having four years' 
tenure: (a) 1821-1840. — (6) 1841-1860. — (c) 1861-1880. 
— {d\ 1881-1900. 

28. Instances of important nominations which have 
failed of confirmation by the Senate. 

29. Instances of appointment of Senators to executive 
offices. 

30. Instances of "senatorial courtesy" used to secure 
nominations. 

31. Instances of "senatorial courtesy" used to defeat 
nominations. 

32. Instances of forced resignation of army and navy 
officers. 

33. Instances of officers appointed without their office 
having been acknowledged by Congress. 

34. Instances of dismissals of important United States 
officers (not Cabinet ministers) for cause. 

35. Women office-holders in the Federal service. 

36. Process of appointments by heads of departments. 



518 LIBRARY REPORTS [§ 292 

(d) Civil Service Reform. 

37. History of the Civil Service Commission. 

38. Instances of violation of the civil service rules. 

39. Present number of persons in the Federal service. 

40. Account of the attitude of Congress toward the first 
Civil Service Commission (1869-1877). 

41. Account of attacks on the Civil Service Commission 
since 1883, and the results. 

42. Preference to soldiers in Federal appointments. 

§ 293. Reports on the National Judiciary. 

(a) Judges and Courts. 

1. Instances of appointments of Federal judges with 
reference to their opinions on pending judicial questions. 

2. Usual length of service of Federal judges. 

3. Instances of resignation of Federal judges (not retire- 
ment) . 

4. Workings of the retirement system for United States 
judges. 

5. Novelties in the Judiciary Acts of: (a) 1789. — (6) 
1801. — (c) 1802. 

6. Power of appointment by Federal judges. 

7. Annual expenses of the United States for judicial 
salaries (tabulated). 

8. Comparative table of Federal judicial salaries (1789- 
1907). 

9. Impeachments of Federal judges. 

10. Foreign commendations of the Supreme Court. 

11. The legal decisions of the Commissioners of Public 
Lands. 

12. Workings of the Circuit Courts of Appeals. 

13. Proportion of cases appealed from lower Federal 
Courts overruled by the Supreme Court. 



I 



§ 293] GOVERNMENT 519 

(b) Suits (see Manual, §§ 105-108, 113, 114). 

14. Instances of long protracted suits before United 
States courts. 

15. Number of cases decided by Supreme Court and left 
undecided annually (1881-1900). 

16. Important decisions of the Circuit Courts of Appeals. 

17. Important decisions of the Supreme Court of the 
District of Columbia. 

18. Instances of suits by a foreign government before the 
Supreme Court. 

19. Instances of refusal of United States courts to con- 
sider "political cases." 

20. Is a decision of the Supreme Court binding on Con- 
gress? 

21. Process of "removal" of suits from State courts to 
United States courts. 

22. Instances of convictions for pii-acy by Federal courts. 

23. Instances of obiter dicta by Supreme Court justices. 

24. Cases dismissed by Federal courts as not bona fide. 

25. Clerk's records of a Federal court. 

26. Practice of the Federal courts as to postponing cases. 

27. Suits entertained by the Supreme Court against States. 

28. Decisions of lower Federal courts which are not 
appealable. 

(c) Writs and Appeals 

29. Distinction between "appeal" and "writ of error" in 
the practice of the United States Supreme Court. 

30. Instances of important habeas corpus cases before 
United States courts. 

31. Practice of State courts with regard to habeas corpus 
on persons held under the authority of Federal courts. 

32. Practice of Federal courts with regard to habeas 
corpus on persons held under the authority of State courts. 

33. Practice as to the suspension of habeas corpus. 



520 LIBRARY REPORTS [§ 293 

34. Instances of refusal by Federal military oflEicers to 
obey habeas corpus writs. 

35. Instances of mandamus by Federal courts on Federal 
officials. 

36. Attempts to mandamus cabinet officers. 

(d) Declaring Acts Void (see Manual, § 21/). 

37. Cases in which laws of one of the following States 
have been declared void by United States courts: (a) 
Kansas. — (6) Pennsylvania. — (c) Texas. — (d) Ohio. — (e) 
New York. 

38. Instances of United States acts declared unconstitu- 
tional by State courts. 

39. Instances of State tax laws held void by the United 
State courts. 

40. Foreign comments on the system of declaring acts 
void by courts. 

41. Decisions of lower Federal courts that Acts of Con- 
gress are unconstitutional overruled by the Supreme Court. 

§ 294. Reports on Territorial Functions. 

(a) PmvATE Land Holding. 

1. The great ranches in the cattle country. 

2. Great estates in California. 

3. Great landed estates in Texas. 

4. Common property rights on Cape Cod. 

5. Great timber estates in the far West. 

6. Large estates of present Southern planters. 

(b) State and Local Real Estate. 

7. Construction of City Halls. 

8. An historical account of the capitols of one of the fol- 
lowing States: (a) Massachusetts. — (h) Rhode Island. — 
(c) Connecticut. — {d) New Hampshire. — (e) New York. — 
(/) New Jersey. — (g) Pennsylvania. — (h) Maryland. — (i) 
Virginia. 



§ 294] GOVERNMENT 521 

9. State public land in: (a) Maine. — (b) Texas. 

10. The public property of one of the following cities: 
(a) Cambridge. — (6) Boston. — (c) New York. — (d) Phila- 
delphia. — (c) St. Louis. — (/) Galveston. 

11. The municipal ownership of: (a) Cincinnati Southern 
Railroad. — (b) New Orleans Belt Railroad. — (c) Monroe 
(La.) trolley line. 

12. Accounts of purchase of real estate for city purposes. 

(c) State and City Parks and Forests. 

13. Present status of State forests in one of the following 
States: (a) Maine. — (6) New Hampshire. — (c) Massa- 
chusetts. — (d) New York. — (e) Michigan. — (/) Washing- 
ton. — (g) North Carolina. 

14. State parks or reservations in some one of the States. 

15. Working of the Massachusetts Metropolitan Park 
system. 

16. Administration of city parks in one of the following 
cities: (a) Chicago. — (b) Minneapolis. — (c) Cleveland. — 
(d) Washington. — (e) New York. — (/) Chicago. — (g) San 
Francisco. 

(d) Boundaries and Outlying Jurisdictions. 

17. Practice of the courts as to questions involving dis- 
puted exterior boundaries. 

18. Coaling and naval stations of the United States out- 
side of Federal jurisdiction. 

19. Attitude of Supreme Court on the Alaska dispute. 

(e) Water Jurisdiction. 

20. Map of the water boundary of the United States. 

21. A list of waters claimed by the United States outside 
the three-mile line. 

22. Cases where the seashore below high-water mark is: 
(a) public property. — (b) private property. 



522 LIBRARY REPORTS [§ 294 

23. Instances where the United States has claimed invio- 
labihty for American merchant ships in foreign ports. 

24. Cases of aggression by foreign cruisers within the ter- 
ritorial waters of the United States. 

25. Instances of trials of persons belonging to foreign 
merchant ships for crimes committed in American harbors. 

26. Instances of crimes committed on board foreign men- 
of-war in United States waters. 

27. Tribunal for offences committed by civilians on 
United States ships of war on the high seas. 

28. Instances of jurisdiction claimed by the United States 
in enclosed bays. 

29. Jm'isdiction over American fishing vessels at sea. 

30. Status of Guano islands under United States protec- 
tion. 

(f) District of Columbia. 

31. The selection of the site and laying out of the city of 
Washington. 

32. Approximate value of government property in the 
District of Columbia. 

33. Charitable institutions supported by Congress. 

34. Account of the recession of Alexandria County to 
Virginia. 

35. Workings of the present District government in the 
District of Columbia. 

(g) Posts and Sites. 

36. Cost of the four largest post-ofRce buildings. 

37. Approximate value of the real estate occupied by the 
United States for public business. 

38. Number and value of: (a) arsenals. — (b) custom- 
houses. 

39. May the United States condemn State property for 
national purposes? 



§ 294] GOVERNMENT 523 

40. Number and value of post-office buildings. 

41. Number and value of military posts. 

42. Number and value of lighthouses. 

43. Process of acquiring title to real estate for federal 
purposes. 

44. The process of ceding lands by States to the United 
States for public purposes (illustrate by specific examples). 

45. Instances of jurisdiction over offences committed in 
government buildings. 

(h) Unorganized Territories. 

46. Account of provisional territorial governments in one 
o! the following territories: (a) Louisiana (1803-1804). — - 
(6) Florida (1819-1822).— (c) New Mexico (1848-1850).— 
id) California (1848-1850). — (e) Alaska (1867-1889). — (/) 
Hawan (1898-1899). — (gf) Northwest Territory (1787- 
1798). 

47. Effect of annexation on the pre-existing laws of the 
annexed region. 

48. Special tariffs for unorganized territory. 

(i) Organized Territories. 

49. Instances of territorial statutes annulled by Congress. 

50. Instances of the relegation of organized territory to 
the unorganized status. 

51. Character of the Governors of the territories. 

52. Question of appointment of residents of territories to 
territorial offices. 

53. Cost of organized territorial governments to the 
United States. 

54. Difficulties in the territorial government of: (a) 
Hawaii. — (5) Porto Rico. — (c) Philippines. — {d) Alaska. 
— (e) Oklahoma. 

55. Instances of corrupt territorial governments. 



524 LIBRARY REPORTS [§294 

(j) Public Lands. 

56. History of the tree-claim system. 

57. History of the pre-emption system. 

58. Workings of the desert-land system. 

59. Grants of land to States for the construction of public 
buildings. 

60. Status of the severalty system for Indiana. 

61. Instances of mineral lands leased by the United States. 

62. Income from sales of public lands (1889-1907). 

63. Disposition of the public lands (1889-1907). 

64. Disposition of lands granted to States to found 
universities. 

65. Principles governing the taking up of mining claims 
under United States law. 

66. Land frauds in Oregon and Washington. 

67. Usual process of selecting and acquiring public land, 

68. Federal irrigation works. 

(k) National Parks and Forests. 

69. Management of Yellowstone Park. 

70. Management of government reservations in California. 

71. Status of national parks. 

72. Federal forest reserves. 

(1) Indians. 

73. Ownership of real estate in Indian Territory. 

74. Administration of Indian trust funds. 

75. Government control of Indian reservations. 

76. Workings of the Carlisle Indian School. 

77. Religious questions in Indian schools. 

78. Account of life on an Indian reservation. 

79. Use of Indians as United States soldiers. 

80. Account of a negotiation and treaty with Indians 
since 1865. 



II 



§ 295] GOVERNMENT 525 

81. Constitutional relation with the Indians as a pre- 
cedent for control of the Filipinos. 

§295. Reports on Financial Functions {Manual, §§24, 117, 
118, 148, 220, 221, 227, 228). 

(a) Financial Administration. 

1. Who decides whether a Federal payment of money is 
according to an appropriation? 

2. Statement of long standing unsettled accounts due the 
United States by individuals. 

3. Receipts and expenditures of New York State (1861- 
1907). 

4. Total income and expenditure of the forty-six States 
for the last year obtainable. 

5. Indemnity of State property from national taxation. 

6. Inspectoral service of the Treasury Department. 

7. Workings of the Treasury secret service. 

8. Instances of Massachusetts claims against the Federal 
government (1781-1907). 

9. Instances of accounts held up by the auditors of the 
Treasury. 

10. Instances of appropriations in lump sums to be 
expended by heads of departments. 

1 1 . Annual cost of the government of some one State (ex- 
cluding permanent improvements) for the years 1867-1907. 

12. Financial control of State correctional and charitable 
institutions. 

(b) Taxation. 

13. Rates of local taxation compared for a town, a vil- 
lage, a small city, and a large city. 

14. System of assessment of taxes in: (a) Boston. — 
(6) New York. — {c) Philadelphia. — {d) Atlanta. — (e) 
Chicago. — (/) Kansas City. 



52G LIBRARY REPORTS [§ 295 

15. System of delinquent taxes in: (a) Philadelphia. — 
(6) NewVork. — (c) Cleveland. 

16. Personal taxes in some one State. 

17. An accomit of the Federal "Conscience Fund." 

18. An account of the United States taxes on bank checks. 

19. Control of municipal taxation by State officials. 

20. History of the whisky tax. 

21. History of the United States income taxes. 

22. State income taxes. 

23. Instances of State tax laws held void by the State 
Supreme Courts. 

24. Tax-dodging in: (a) Massachusetts. — (b) New York, 
— (c) Chicago. 

25. Workings of the former Ohio tax-discovery system. 

26. Personal taxes in some one State as: (a) Pennsyl- 
vania. — (6) Texas. — (c) Ohio. 

27. Succession and legacy taxes in the States. 

28. Workings of the Federal succession duty of 1898. 

29. Application of the Federal oleomargarine laws. 

30. Instances of taxation of ecclesiastical property. 

31. Instances of taxation of institutions of learning. 

32. Taxes on street railroads in: (a) New York. — (b) 
Pennsylvania. — (c) Colorado. — (d) Ohio. — (e) Illinois. — 
(/) Massachusetts. 

33. Taxing franchises for the use of public streets by 
steam railroads. 

34. Instances of state excises on the manufacture of 
liquor. 

35. High liquor license taxes. 

36. License taxes (other than liquor licenses) in the 
States. 

37. Account of "moonshine whisky." 

38. Instances of double taxation on mortgaged land. 

39. An account of the Federal tax on proprietary articles. 

40. Instances of State tax laws held void by the United 
States Supreme Court. 



§ 295] GOVERNMENT 527 

41. State taxes on railroads. 

42. State taxation of corporations in the States. 

43. Defects in the financial system of some one State. 

44. Systems of "betterment assessments." 

45. An account of State taxes on telephone companies. 

(c) Customs Duties. 

46. Instances of Treasury decisions overruled by the 
courts. 

47. Successive methods of examining passengers' baggage 
at entrance ports. 

48. Disposition of unclaimed goods at the custom-house. 

49. The duties (1789-1907) on: (a) Gloves. — (6) Silk- 
goods. — (c) Champagne. — {d) Books. — (e) Watches. — 
(/) Works of art. — {g) Men's clothing. — Qi) Cutlery. 

50. Instances of undervaluation of imported goods. 

51. Account of general appraiser system. 

52. The "surveyor" of ports. 

53. Instances of very small annual receipts from custom- 
houses. 

54. Instances of decisions of collectors of customs over- 
ruled by the Secretary of the Treasury. 

55. Instances of large profits to informers of custom- 
house irregularities. 

56. Instances of bribery of custom-house officials. 

57. Annual value of goods admitted free of duty (1865- 
1900). 

58. What is properly understood by "average rate of 
duty"? 

59. Law and practice of ascertaining the value of goods 
for assessment of duties. 

60. An account of the "naval officer" of the New York 
Custom-House. 

61. Law and practice of ascertaining cost of packages for 
duties. 



528 LIBRARY REPORTS [§ 295 

62. Law and practice of drawbacks. 

63. Law and practice of consular verifications of invoices. 

64. Law and practice of minimum duties. 

65. Ingenious methods of smuggling. 

66. Proceeds annually from 1867 to 1907 of the duties 
on: (a) Steel. — - (b) Lumber. — (c) Sugar. — (d) Wines. — 
(e) Books. — (/) Jewelry. — (g) Woolen goods. 

(d) Public Debts. 

67. Instances of sales of United States bonds on disad- 
vantageous terms. 

68. Increase (or decrease) of total State debts in the 
United States: (a) 1789-1829. — (6) 1830-1860. — (c) L861- 
1884. — (d) 1885-1907. 

69. Repudiations of State debts. 

70. Usual rate of interest on State debts (1789-1907). 

71. Increase (or decrease) of total municipal debts in the 
United States from 1867 to 1907. 

72. Limitations on State debts by constitutions or 
statutes. 

73. Aggregate of State and municipal indebtedness (1867- 
1907). 

74. The city debt of: (a) New York City. — (b) Boston. 
— (c) Philadelphia. — (d) Memphis. — (e) Detroit. — (/) 
Chicago. 

§296. Reports on Commercial Fmictions {Manual, §§24, 
119, 120, 138, 143, 144, 161, 169, 170, 172, 179, 181, 188, 
189, 195, 225, 295). 

(a) Corporations and Trusts. 

1. Charters of corporations by Congress for other than 
national purposes. 

2. Instances of convictions of ofl&cers of trusts under 
State anti-trust laws. 



§ 296] GOVERNMENT 529 

3. State suits against the Standard Oil Company or its 
subsidary corporations to 1907. 

4. Instances of the bankruptcy of trusts. 

5. Reasons for taking out New Jersey charters for cor- 
porations. 

6. System for creating corporations by: (a) Massachu- 
setts. — (6) West Virginia. — (c) Texas. — {d) Iowa. 

7. Present State regulation of Hfe insurance in: (a) New 
York. — (&) Colorado. — (c) Massachusetts. 

8. Workings of United States anti-trust legislation. 

(b) Interstate Commerce. 

9. Congressional prohibitions of commerce between States. 

10. Instances of regulation by the United States of 
commerce wholly within a State. 

11. Attempts of States to tax (not prohibit) some form 
of interstate commerce. 

12. Transit "in bond" across United States territory. 

13. Interstate Commerce Act and amendments thereto 
(1887-1902). 

14. Difficulties of the Interstate Commerce Commission. 

15. A typical case before the Interstate Commerce Com- 
mission. 

16. Amount of business done by the Interstate Commerce 
Commission, 

17. National statutes authorizing the bridging of navi- 
gable waters. 

18. State Commissions with powers over trusts. 

(c) Foreign Commerce. 

19. National health and quarantine system. 

20. Defects of the State regulation of quarantine. 

21. Defects of the State regulation of pilotage. 

22. Present status of subsidies to American steamers. 

23. Acquirement of an American register by a foreign 
built vessel. 



530 LIBRARY REPORTS [§ 296 

24. Enrolment of fishermen. 

25. Enrolment of yachts. 

26. Cases of piracy since 1865. 

27. Quantity of American shipping engaged in the for- 
eign trade (1867-1907). 

28. Administration of the life-saving service. 

29. Administration of lighthouse system. 

30. Rates of ocean freight (1867-1907) on: (a) grain 
exports. — (b) kerosene. — (c) raw cotton. — (d) flour. 

31. System of negotiable ware-house certificates. 

(d) Immigration (see Manual, § 225). 

32. Question of prohibiting the immigration of illiterates. 

33. Instances of would-be immigrants excluded as: (a) 
Convicts. — (6) Contract laborers. — (c) Anarchists. — (d) 
Consumptives. — (e) Likely to become public charges. — 
(/) Insane. 

34. How far do immigrants return permanently to their 
own country? 

35. Control by the United States of the conditions of 
emigrant ships. 

36. State restrictions on the coming in of persons from 
other States or Territories. 

37. Immigration across the Canadian border. 

38. Rates of steerage passage since 1860. 

39. Methods of Japanese immigration. 

40. Actual Chinese immigration since 1882. 

41. Ill-treatment of high-class Chinese entering American 
ports. 

(e) Internal Improvements. 

42. Instances of river and harbor appropriations in lump 
to be expended at the discretion of the Secretary of War. 

43. Proportion of amounts appropriated by river and 
harbor bills actually spent by the War Department. 



§ 296] GOVERNMENT 531 

44. Effect of the government works on the: (a) Mis- 
sissippi River. — (b) Missouri River. — (c) Ohio River. — 
(d) Narrows below New York. — (e) Boston Harbor. — (/) 
Delaware. — (g) Monongahela. 

45. Account of the Sandy Bay harbor of refuge. 

46. Instances of worthless river and harbor improvements. 

47. Account of the Oberlin H. Carter frauds in harbor 
contracts. 

48. The Mussel Shoals river improvement. 

49. Total Federal expenditures for rivers and harbors 
since 1865. 

50. Total cost of the New York State canals. 

51. Enlargement of the Erie Canal (1890-1907). 

52. Instances of abandoned canals. 

53. Private river improvements on the Monongahela 
River. 

54. Account of State canals in one of the following States: 
(a) Pennsylvania. — (6) Ohio. — (c) Indiana. — (d) Illinois. 
— (e) Maryland. 

55. Cost of the Cumberland Road to the United States. 

56. Management of the Cuml^erland Road by Maryland 
and Pennsylvania. 

57. Southern system of toll-pikes. 

58. State aid to highways in one of the following States: 
(a) Indiana. — (h) Massachusetts. — (c) New Jersey. — (d) 
New York. — (e) Ohio. 

(f) Transmission op Intelligence. 

59. Workings of the money-order system by the post- 
office. 

60. Seizures of lottery mail. 

61. Workings of the post-office at: (a) Boston. — (6) 
New York. — (c) Philadelphia. — (d) Chicago. 

62. Question of carrying serials in the mail. 

63. Workings of the dead-letter office. 



532 LIBRARY REPORTS [§296 

64. History of the franking privilege. 

65. Present state control of the telegraph system. 

66. State regulation of telephone rates. 

67. Failures of national banks. 

(g) Banks and Currency. 

68. Comparative statistics of the national banks in 1865, 
1875, 1885, 1895, 1905. 

69. Amount of notes not likely to be presented for re- 
demption : (a) legal tender. — (b) fractional currency. — 
(c) national bank. 

70. An account of the "trade-dollar." 

71. Present regulation of State incorporated banks in one 
of the following States: (a) Indiana. — (6) New York. — 

(c) Louisiana. 

72. Status of trust companies doing a banking business. 

(h) Railroads. 

73. Instances of long railroad lines held on lease instead 
of by outright ownership. 

74. Instances of abandoning railroads. 

75. Practice of receivership of bankrupt railroads. 

76. Influence in State politics of: (a) Pennsylvania 
Railroad. — (b) New York Central. — (c) Southern Pacific. 
— (d) Southern Railway. — (e) Illinois Central. 

77. State regulation of railroads in one of the following 
States: (a) California. — (b) Ohio. — (c) Massachusetts. — 

(d) Georgia. 

78. Instances of railroads built and owned by States. 

79. State grants of money to railroads. 

80. State railroad commissions. 

81. Regulation of sleeping cars by State statutes. 

82. "Granger" legislation and decisions on railroad rates. 

83. Degree of regulation of railroad rates by the Inter- 
state Commerce Commission. 



§ 297] GOVERNMENT 533 

84. System of interchange of freight cars by railroads. 

85. Account of United States car-coupler legislation and 
its results. 

86. Two-cent fare movement. 

87. Cases arising out of Jim Crow car legislation. 

88. Controversies with the railroads in 1907 by: (a) 
Virginia. — (6) North Carolina. — (c) Georgia. — (d) Ala- 
bama. — (e) Illinois. 

(i) Public Industries. 

89. Sale oi liquor under State supervision. 

90. Instances of manufacturing other than gas, water, 
and electric light carried on by municipalities. 

91. Instances of street railways owned by municipalities. 

92. Instances of State lotteries. 

93. Instances of State mines. 

94. The United States as a publisher. 

95. Instances where the United States has held stock in 
corporations. 

96. Examples of real estate business carried on by cities, 

§ 297. Reports on Foreign Relations (Manual, §§21, 64, 121, 
122, 145, 163, 166, 175, 178, 183, 195, 196, 226). 

(a) Diplomatic Representation. 

1. Instances where the President has conducted negotia- 
tions in person. 

2. Instances of unfit foreign ministers of the United States. 

3. Censures of United States diplomatic agents without 
removals. 

4. Instances of the recall of American ministers abroad. 

5. Instances of American consuls dismissed from office for 
cause. 

6. Instances of the employment of others than Americans 
as diplomats. 



534 LIBRARY REPORTS [§ 297 

7. Instances of American diplomatic negotiations in- 
trusted to: (a) military officers. — (6) naval officers. — (c) 
foreigners. 

8. Instances of tlie withdrawal of ministers to the United 
States by foreign governments. 

9. Instances of American neutrality. 

10. Instances of Americans serving as ministers of foreign 
countries. 

(b) Consuls. 

11. Instances ol unfit consuls. 

12. Instances of the revocation of consular exequaturs by 
the President. 

13. Workings of American consular courts in foreign 
countries. 

14. Description of the system of consular reports. 

15. Amenities of the consular system. 

(c) Treaties. 

16. Instances of consideration of treaties by the Senate 
before negotiation. 

17. Instances of treaties which failed because the Senate 
did not act in time. 

18. Instances of treaties withheld from the Senate by the 
President. 

19. Instances of amendments to treaties by the Senate. 

20. Instances of treaties abrogated by the United States 
without consent of the other party. 

21. Instances of the refusal by the House to appropriate 
money to carry out a treaty. 

§ 298. Reports on War Powers (Manual, §§ 159, 188). 
(a) Officers. 

1. Appointment of military and naval officers from civil 
life since 1865. 



§ 29S] GOVERNMENT 535 

2. Successive rates of pay and allowance of: (a) army 
officers. — (6) naval officers. 

3. Detail of army and navy officers to be military attaches. 

4. Principles of promotion in: (a) The army. — (b) The 
navy. 

5. Instances of the appointment of army and navy officers 
to civil office under the United States. 

6. Assignment of officers by political favor: (a) Naval. 
— (6) Army. 

7. Resignation of: (a) Army officers. — (6) Naval offi- 
cers. 

8. Instances of the appointment of army officers as mili- 
tary governors. 

9. Removal of officers of the army or navy otherwise than 
by court martial. 

10. Authority of the civil courts over persons in military 
and naval service. 

11. Retiring system for the army and navy officers. 

(b) Military Education. 

12. Education at Annapolis Naval Academy. 

13. West Point system of education. 

14. The Naval War College at Newport. 

15. The War College at Washington. 

(c) Soldiers and Sailors. 

16. Methods of recruiting for the United States service: 
(a) Army. — (6) Navy. 

17. Character and nationality of the crews in the navy. 

18. Training ships for the navy. 

19. The military prisons of the United States 

20. Relations of volunteers to militia service. 

21. Account of the naval militia. 

22. Desertions from the United States army. 

23. Humors of army life. 



536 LIBRARY REPORTS [§ 298 

(d) Organization of the Army. 

24. Functions of the Adjutant General of the United 
States. 

25. Organization of the staff corps in the United States 
army. 

26. Workings of system of details of army officers to 
instruct in colleges. 

27. Assignments to shore-duty in the navy. 

28. Method of accounting for military stores. 

29. The disposition of condemned and used-up military 
and naval property of the United States. 

30. Instance of denial of habeas corpus by United States 
military officers. 

31. Instances of vessels of the navy detailed to convey 
distinguished persons. 

32. Life on a frontier army post. 

33. A cruise in a naval vessel in time of peace. 

(e) Capture and Prize. 

34. Status of the United States as regards privateering. 

35. Account of a privateering cruise under letters of 
marque from the United States. 

36. Administration of prize courts on board ship. 

(f) Pensions. 

37. An analysis of pension vetoes. 

38. Instances of long-continued pensions. 

39. Instances of fraudulent pensions. 

40. Administration of Soldiers' Homes. 

41. Instances of undeserved pensions. 

42. Instances of remarkably high pensions. 

43. Instances of pensions granted but refused by the 
grantee. 



§ 299] GOVERNMENT 537 

§ 299. Reports on General Welfare {Manual, §§ 24, 123, 124, 
138, 161, 216, 228, 229). 

(a) Labor. 

1. Attitude of courts to labor legislation in one of the 
following States: (a) California. — (6) Ohio. — (c) Mass- 
achusetts. — {d) Pennsylvania. — (e) Colorado. — (/) Cali- 
fornia. 

2. State regulation of hours of labor in one of the fol- 
lowing States: (a) Massachusetts. — (6) New York. — (c) 
Illinois. — {d) Missouri. — (e) California. — (/) Idaho. 

3. State regulation of interference with laborers by other 
laborers. 

4. State regulation of accidents to laborers. 

5. History of the United States eight-hour system. 

6. State boards of conciliation or arbitration in labor 
troubles. 

7. Regulation of child labor. 

8. Regulation of overtime labor. 

(b) Religion. 

9. Statistical comparison of the Catholic and Methodist 
Churches in the United States. 

10. Appropriations by cities for sectarian institutions. 

11. Peculiar religious sects in the United States. 

12. Instances of State-supported churches since 1800. 

13. Legislation of Congress against the Mormon Church. 

14. Religious tests for State office-holders since 1789. 

15. Chaplains in public institutions. 

(c) Public Health and Morals. 

16. Inspection of cattle for tuberculosis. 

17. Account of the anti-lottery legislation of Congress. 

18. Administration of street cleaning. 

19. Legislation on street noises. 



538 LIBRARY REPORTS [§299 

20. Public inspection of tenement houses. 

21. State legislation requiring the teaching of temperance. 

22. Compulsory vaccination. 

23. Regulation of bakeries. 

24. Difficulties in administering the federal pure food law. 

25. Limitations on the sale of dangerous drugs. 

(d) Charities and Corrections. 

26. Instances of Congressional grants for charity. 

27. Charitable institutions supported by the United States. 

28. Local management of the poor in some particular 
State of the Union. 

29. Proportion of persons receiving poor-relief to total 
populations of States. 

30. Prison population of the Union. 

31. The Southern convict lease system. 

32. Methods of safeguarding the commitment of persons 
supposed to be insane. 

(e) Education. 

33. The Philippine school system. 

34. United States aids to education in one of the fol- 
lowing States: (a) Washington. — (6) Connecticut. — (c) 
Florida. — (d) Wisconsin. — (e) Kansas. 

35. How far does the United States expend money for 
education except in West Point, Annapolis, and the Dis- 
trict of Columbia? 

36. State experiment stations. 

37. State superintendents of education. 

38. Cost of the State universities in the Union in the latest 
available year. 

39. Reforms in the New York City school system. 

40. Present workings of school administration in: (a) 
Chicago. — (6) New York. — (c) New Haven. — (d) Indian- 
apolis. — (e) Cleveland. 



§ 299] GOVERNMENT 539 

41. Annual number of A.B. and S.B. degrees in the 
United States. 

42. Money grants by the Commonwealth of Massachu- 
setts in aid of Harvard from 1636 to 1907. 

43. Comparative expenditure of Nebraska and Arkansas 
for schools. 

44. Church schools in the United States. 

45. The power of the State over education in cities in 
one of the following States: (a) Massachusetts. — (6) New 
York. — (c) Illinois. — {d) Minnesota. — (e) California. — 
(/) Nebraska. 

46. Special permanent State taxes for schools and uni- 
versities. 

47. Total high schools and high school pupils in the 
United States (1877-1907). 

48. State traveling schools of agriculture. 

49. State normal schools. 

50. State teachers' examinations. 

51. State supervision of rural schools in one of the follow- 
ing States: (a) Pennsylvania. — (6) Connecticut. — (c) Ohio. 

— {d) Alabama. 

52. Workings of the State school fund in one of the fol- 
lowing States: (a) Connecticut. — (6) Ohio. — (c) Kentucky. 

— (d) Colorado. — (e) Washington. 

53. Total annual expenditure for education by the forty- 
six States (1897-1907). 

(f) Enforcement. 

54. Instances of riots quelled solely by the State militia. 

55. Instances of United States troops sent on the call of 
a State to preserve order. 

56. Instances of use of United States troops to quell riots 
without the call of a State. 

57. Troops used as a "posse comitatus." 

58. Use of United States troops to put down strikes. 



540 LIBRARY REPORTS [§299 

59. The "Bull Pen" in Colorado. 

60. Banishments from Colorado. 

61. The Moyer-Haywood trials. 

(g) General Welfare. 

62. Aids given by the United States to agriculture. 

63. Workings of seed-distribution by the United States. 

64. Municipal provision of music and amusements for the 
people. 

65. The Gypsy Moth Commission of Massachusetts. 



Part Y 
EXAMINATIONS 

§ 300. Purposes of Examinations. 

As has been set forth above (Manual, § 9) the purpose 
of examinations is not to secure from the student a repro- 
duction of the substance of the lectures or of the parallel 
readings, but to test his ability to apply what he has gained 
from both sources to questions involving judgment as well 
as memory. The examinations should be so framed that 
a student who had taken short-hand notes on the lectures 
and learned them by heart, would still fall short unless he 
could combine what had come to him in various parts of 
the course. Examinations are, therefore, not intended 
to find out so nmch what a student knows, as how well he 
knows it, and how far he can make use of it. On the other 
hand, knowledge of the narrative, especially as gained out- 
side the lectures, is necessary for an understanding of 
principles ; and some questions ought, therefore, to give an 
opportunity of revealing acquaintance with events and 
personalities. 

§ 301. Specimen Mid- Year Paper in United States History, 
1789-1837 (Course A). 

[This Examination to occupy two hours.] 

Read the paper through before beginning to write. 

Group A. 
[All required.] 
1. To what authorities, both secondary and sources, 
would you go to learn about the public life of Henry Clay? 



542 EXAMINATIONS [§ 301 

Group B. 
[Omit one of the five questionsj 

2. How was the Federal Constitution received by the 
public in 1787 and 1788 (do not include State Conventions)? 

3. Mention five important Acts of Congress from 1789 to 
1837, and explain why each was passed. 

4. Give a detailed account of one of the following nego- 
tiations: — 

(a) For the cession of Louisiana. 
(6) For the Peace of Ghent. 

5. The influence of the West on national questions from 
1815 to 1837. 

6. The contemporary arguments for and against the 
Missouri Compromise. 

§ 302. Specimen Mid- Year Paper (longer) in United States 
History 1789-1837 (Course A). 

[This Examination to occupy three hours.] 
Read the paper through before beginning to write, and 
observe carefully the following directions. 

[Take all the questions in Group A; take four questions in Group B. 
Fold maps twice, and put your name upon the face of each.] 

Group A. [To test knowledge of events.] 
[All required.] 

1. What are the principal authorities (both secondary 
and sources) on the Federal Convention? 

2. Briefly sketch the organization of the government and 
its internal workings from 1789 to 1793. Mention the prin- 
cipal men connected with it; and describe the various organs 
of government. 

3. The public services of John Adams: bring out distinctly 
in what periods and in what controversies he deserved well 
of the republic. 

4. Describe the issues involved in the Missouri Compro- 
mise debate, and show how each one was adjusted. 



§303] SPECIMEN QUESTIONS 543 

5. The career of Andrew Jackson up to the end of his first 
administration as President. 

Group B. [To test knowledge of Principles.] 
[Choose three.] 

6. What territory was added to the United States between 
1789 and 1837? Explain the process in each case, and show 
on the outline map the approximate boundaries of each 
accession. 

7. Give an account of one of the following Presidential 
elections: — 

(a) 1800-1801. 

(b) 1828. 

(c) 1836. 

8. May Congress constitutionally take over and operate 
all the railroads in the country? State the constitutional 
arguments for and against such a scheme, referring to 
clauses in the text of the Constitution; and illustrating, so 
far as you can, from the actual practice of Congress. 

9. Trace the history of the tariff from 1825 to 1837. 
10. What were the principal controversies with England 
between 1789 and 1837? How was each adjusted? 

§ 303. Specimen Final Paper in United States History, 
1837-1907 (Course A). 

Read the paper through before beginning to write, and 
observe carefully the following directions. 

[Take four questions in Group A; take all the questions in Group B; 
having answered eight questions, you are encouraged to try some of 
the optionals in Group C] 

Group A. [To test parallel reading.] 
[Choose two out of questions 1^; and two out of questions 5-8.] 
1. Draw up a brief set of 'suggestions such as would, in 
your judgment, be helpful to a person unacquainted with 



644 EXAMINATIONS [§ 303 

American history who wished to find out why Polk was 
elected President. Discuss materials and methods, not 
events. 

2. Give some account of the public career of one of the 
following statesmen: — 

(a) John Jay. 

(b) John Adams. 

(c) James Madison. 

3. An account of the tariff from 1846 to 1897. 

4. The principles and methods of the abolition movement. 

5. An argument in defence of one of the following legis- 
lative acts : — 

(o) Joint resolution for the annexation of Texas. 
(h) Kansas-Nebraska Act. 

(c) Legal Tender Act. 

(d) Interstate Commerce Act. 

6. The various theories of reconstruction, and the manner 
in which a process of reconstruction was finally selected. 

7. The Presidential election of 1876-1877. 

8. The policy of the United States toward Cuba from 
1865 to 1899. 

Group B. [To test the application of principles.] 

[All required.] 

9. Consider carefully the following hypothetical state- 
ment; and illustrate your answer on the outline map: — 

(a) Joseph Jenkins was born of a slave mother in Boston 
in 1780. 

(b) In 1786 he was taken by his mother's owner, Alex- 
ander Ward, to the southern shore of Lake Erie. 

(c) In 1801 he was taken by Ward to Jersey City. 

(d) In 1806 he was taken to Des Moines (now in Iowa). 

(e) In 1822 he was sold to Thomas Allen, and by him 
taken to Galveston. 

(/) In 1837 he ran away to Santa Fe. 



§ 303] SPECIMEN QUESTIONS 545 

(g) In 1849 he went to San Francisco. 

(h) In 1853 he went to Leavenworth. 

(i) In 1857 he was seized as a fugitive there by Allen, 
and held as a slave. 

(/) In 1865 Allen sold him to a planter living in Kentucky. 

How did each of these changes of residence affect his status? 

10. How far do you think the following extract (from 
Buchanan's message of Dec. 3, 1860) agrees with the facts 
of United States history? 

All or any of these evils might have been endured by the South 
without danger to the Union (as others have been), in the hope 
that time and reflection might apply the remedy. The immediate 
peril arises, not so much from these causes, as from the fact that 
the incessant and violent agitation of the Slavery question through- 
out the North for the last quarter of a century has at length pro- 
duced its mahgn influence on the slaves, and inspired them with 
vague notions of freedom. Hence, a sense of security no longer 
exists around the family altar. This feeling of peace at home has 
given place to apprehensions of servile insurrection. Many a 
matron throughout the South retires at night in dread of what 
may befall herself and her children before the morning. Should 
this apprehension of domestic danger, whether real or imaginary, 
extend and intensify itself until it shall pervade the masses of the 
Southern people, then disunion will become inevitable. Self- 
preservation is the first law of nature, and has been implanted in 
the heart of man by his Creator for the wisest purpose; and no 
political union, however fraught with blessings and benefits in all 
other respects, can long continue, if the necessary consequence 
be to render the homes and the firesides of nearly half the parties 
to it habitually and hopelessly insecure. Sooner or later, the 
bonds of such a union must be severed. It is my conviction that 
this fatal period has not yet arrived; and my prayer to God is, 
that He would preserve the Constitution and the Union through- 
out all generations. 

11. Supposing Congress to have established a Govern- 
ment Express Office, upon what constitutional grounds 
could the following details be sustained or attacked: — 



546 EXAMINATIONS [§ 303 

(a) The Office to have the monopoly of carrying all 
packages of less than ten pounds in weight. 

(6) All common carriers to be bound to carry the express 
matter for the government at rates fixed by Congress. 

12. Ought all Federal Officials to be placed under the 
classified Civil Service? 

Group C. 
[All optional.] 
[Not accepted for deficiencies in previous questions; intended only 
for students who have already satisfactorily answered eight questions.] 

13. L'Amistad Case. 

14. A defence of Stephen A. Douglas. 

15. Reasons for the Emancipation Proclamation of 1862. 

16. Repeal of the Silver Purchase Act. 

§ 304. Specimen Paper in Brief United States History (Course 
B). 

[Two HOURS WILL BE ALLOWED.] 

Group A. 
[All required.] 

1. Mention and characterize the books of which you 
have made most use during this course. 

2. On the outline map delineate, and in your book ex- 
plain, the boundaries of. the Louisiana Purchase, and the 
controversies resulting from it. 

Group B. 
[Take three questions only.] 

3. What do you consider to have been the real causes of 
of the Revolution? 

4. What kind of a man was Thomas Jefferson and what 
were his principal public services? 

5. What were the chief results of the War of 1812? 

6. Ought the United States Bank to have been rechar- 
tered in 1832? 



§305] SPECIMEN QUESTIONS 547 

Group C. Take three questions only. 

7. Was slavery a good thing for the slave owners? 

8. Why did all plans of compromise fail in 1861? 

9. An account of one of the folloAving episodes: - 

(a) The disputed election of 1877. 
(6) The Venezuela controversy of 1895. 
(c) The outbreak of the Spanish War in 1898. 
10. The free silver controversy from 1878 to 1900. 

§ 305. Specimen Mid- Year Paper in American Diplomatic 
History, 1492-1829 (Course C). 

Group A. 
[Omit one question.] 

1. Upon what principles or theories of international law 
did European nations base a right to establish colonies in 
America? 

2. Describe and illustrate on the outline map the growth 
of British territory in America, as sanctioned by the great 
treaties between 1697 and 1763. 

3. Compare the Spanish and English systems of restric- 
tion of colonial trade. 

4. Give an account of the negotiations of the Treaty of 
Paris, up to the signing of the preliminary articles in 1782. 

5. Describe the negotiations for commercial treaties from 
1779 to 1795. What advantages did the United States seek 
in these treaties, and what concessions was the United 
States willing to make? 

Group B. 

[Omit one question.] 

6. Describe the aggressions on American commerce from 
1793 to 1803. What remedies did our government seek? 

7. Give an account of the negotiations for the peace of 
Ghent. 



548 EXAMINATIONS [§305 

8. Give an account of the Oregon question from 1792 to 
1827. 

9. Sketch the relations of the United States with the 
Latin-American States from 1815 to 1823 (not including 
the Monroe Doctrine). 

10. Select some one American diplomat and sketch his 
career and diplomatic services to his country. 

§ 306. Specimen Final Paper in Diplomatic History, 1823- 
1907 (Course C). 

[Use the outline maps freely in illustration of territorial questions. 
Divide your time about equally between the two groups.] 

Group A. 
[Take four questions.] 

1. In what utterances of public men, made before 1826, is 
stated the doctrine of non-interference in European affairs? 
What deviations from that doctrine can you mention since 
1826? How far is it a permanent doctrine? 

2. Briefly analyze and describe Jackson's foreign policy. 
How far does it seem to you to have been for the best inter- 
ests of the nation? 

3. What principles regulating international relations were 
established or strengthened by the American Civil War and 
the diplomacy resulting therefrom? What principles, if 
any, were weakened? 

4. What have been the principal controversies over the 
construction of the Clayton-Bulwer treaty, and how does 
each of these controversies stand at this time? 

5. What American diplomat since 1829 seems to you to 
have been the greatest, and what were the services for 
which you think him admirable? 



§307] SPECIMEN QUESTIONS 549 

Group B. 
[Take four questions.] 

6. Enumerate the public announcements of foreign policy, 
by American diplomats since 1847, to which they gave the 
name " Monroe Doctrine," or in which they appealed to the 
"Monroe Doctrine" as justifying their policy. 

7. Give an account of one of the following negotiations: 

(a) French spoliation claims. 

(b) Oregon treaty of 1846. 

(c) Treaty of Washington of 1871. 

(d) Treaty of Peace of 1898. 

8. The policy of commercial reciprocity since the Civil 
War. 

9. What would be a reasonable permanent settlement of 
the controversy over the Canadian fisheries? 

10. Was the United States responsible for the overthrow 
of monarchy in Hawaii? 

11. The Cuban diplomacy of the United States from 1879 
to 1895. 

12. Give an account of one of the following diplomatic 
episodes : — 

(a) McLeod affair. 

(6) The Confederate rams. 

(c) Itata case. 

(d) Why the French left Mexico. 

(e) Fur seal arbitration. 

§ 307. Specimen Final Paper in Brief Diplomatic History, 
1492-1907 (Course D). 

[Two HOURS WILL BE ALLOWED.] 

Group A. 

[All required.] 
1. What are the most serviceable general books in Amer- 
ican diplomacy? characterize them? 



550 EXAMINATIONS [§ 307 

2. Describe the organization of the diplomatic service, 
from the President down. What are the principal duties 
of each class of officials? 

Group B. 

[Take three questions only.] 

3. Had England good title to any part of the valley of 
the Mississippi previous to 1756? 

4. Was the Jay treaty advantageous to the United States? 

5. Give a brief account of one of the following episodes. 

(a) The Leopard-Chesapeake affair. 

(h) Mediation by Russia. 

(c) Invasions of East Florida. 

6. What are the main principles stated in the Monroe 
Doctrine as first presented? 

Group C. 
[Take three questions only.] 

7. Diplomatic relations with Mexico from 1825 to 1845. 

8. What were the principal Confederate cruisers in the 
Civil War; and what were their relations with foreign gov- 
ernments? 

9. What have been the principal treaties relating to an 
Isthmian Canal, between 1840 and 1907? 

10. An account of the treaty of peace with Spain after 
the war of 1898. 

§ 308. Specimen Mid- Year Paper in American Government 
(Course E). 

[Three hours will be allowed.] 

Read the paper through before beginning to write, and observe 
carefully the foUoiving directions. 

[Take all the questions in Group A; take four questions in Group B; 
ha\ang answered nine questions, you are encouraged to try some of the 
optionals in Group C. Arrange your answers in the order of the ques- 
tions. Number the answers plainly with Arabic numerals. Students 
may use the text of the Constitution and the outline map of the United 
States.] 



§308] SPECIMEN QUESTIONS 551 

Group A. [To test the knowledge op ppinciples.] 

[All required.] 

1, Criticise James Bryce's treatment of American govern- 
ment; showing any reason for approving his book, and 
pointing out any defects in it. 

2, 3. What would be the probable effects on American 
government of introducing the following reforms into the 
electoral system? 

(a) Prohibiting the holding of local, State, and national 
elections on the same days. 

(b) Allowing only native-born Americans to vote. 

(c) Disqualifying persons who have not voted in any of 
the two previous elections (with reasonable exceptions for 
illness, necessary absence, etc.). 

(d) Compelling each district to choose as its representa- 
tives to local assemblies, State legislatures, and Congress, 
persons not residents of the district. 

4. Would it be an improvement to permit the passage of 
measures over the vetoes of Governors and Presidents, by a 
simple majority vote of both Houses? 

5. Can you suggest any means of applying the general 
principles of the Civil Service Reform Act to postmasters 
of the better paid grades? 

Group B. [To test independent reading.] 
[Choose four questions.] 

6. Usual methods of nominating candidates in the United 
States. 

7. The present condition of town government in New 
England. 

8. Possible improvements in city government. 

9. Filibustering in Congress, and possible remedies for it. 
10. The character of Senators. Would it be improved by 

electing Senators by popular vote? 



552 EXAMINATIONS [§308 

11. The internal organization of the executive depart- 
ments at Washington. 

Group C. 

[All optional.] 

[Not to be substituted for any previous questions. Intended for 
students who have satisfactorily answered nine questions.] 

12. The Colonial Governor. 

13. An account of the present government of some large 
city in the United States. 

14. The place, duties, and dignity of the Secretary of 

State. 

§ 309. Specimen Final Paper in American Government 
(Course E). 

[Three hours will be allowed.] 

Read the paper through before beginning to write, and observe 
carefully the following directions. 

[Take four questions in Group A; take four questions in Group B. 
Students may use the text of the Constitution and the outline map of the 
United States^ 

Group A. 
[Take four questions.] 

1. How far is the principle of natural rights actually 
observed in American governments? 

2. Compare the powers of the President of the United 
States in time of peace, with the powers of the President in 
time of war. 

3. How far would it be desirable to transfer from the 
State governments to the national government the follow- 
ing functions: — 

(a) The regulation of marriage and divorce. 
(6) The punishment of crime. 

(c) The regulatioi:i of all forms of transportation by 
common carrier. 



§309] SPECIMEN QUESTIONS 553 

4. Discuss each of the following suggestions with regard 
to municipal debts, and point out how far each would or 
would not be an improvement on present conditions : — 

(a) The submission of all propositions to create a 
local debt to a vote of the taxpayers. 

(6) The requirement that no municipal bonds shall 
be valid unless the State legislature votes that 
the State will guarantee them. 

(c) Debts to be incurred only by a Board of 
Finance, made up of the Mayor and the heads 
of the four most important city departments. 

(rf) The division of large cities into debt districts, 
each to borrow for its own purposes. 

5. Enumerate the different kinds of territory over which 
the United States exercises jurisdiction? Under which of 
these categories would a Chinese port be most appropriately 
placed if it should be ceded to the United States? 

Group B. [To test independent reading.] 

[Take four questions.] 

6. How does the system of elective judiciary work in 
practice? 

7. Discuss possible remedies for the present situation of 
the Indians. 

8. Discuss one of the following financial subjects: — 

(a) The income tax in the United States. 
(6) Evils in the administration of the tariff, 
(c) The national banks. 

9. An account of a nominating convention. 

10. State universities: how founded, supported, and con- 
trolled? 

11. How far has the Interstate Commerce Commission 
performed the service for Avhich it was created? 

12. What have been the main contributions of America 
to the science of actual government? 



554 EXAMINATIONS [§ 309 

13. How can local government in the United States be 
re-established in public confidence? 

§ 310. Specimen Paper in Brief American Government (Course 
F). 

[Two HOURS WILL BE ALLOWED.j 

Group A. 
[All required.] 

1. What are the most available authorities on the gov- 
ernment of the Commonwealths? Characterize them. 

2. What reforms would you suggest in: — 

(a) Representation. 

(6) The suffrage. 

(c) The method of elections? 

Group B. 

[Take three questions only.] 

3. Is the American theory of separation of powers a 
good thing? 

4. What are the principal defects of American city 
government? 

5. Through what process does a bill pass in order to be 
enacted as a law by Congress? 

6. Ought the members of the Cabinet to have seats in 
Congress? 

Group C. 

[Take three questions only.] 

7. How far can the Federal government interfere in the 
internal affairs of an organized territory? 

8. What are the sources of Federal revenue? 

9. Ought the United States to construct a big water- 
way from the Lakes to the Mississippi River? 

10. Who decides what shall be taught in the public 
scliools? 



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